1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
10 #
11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 #
16 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 #
23 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
24 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
25 #
26 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
27 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
28 #
29 # Other sources occasionally used include:
30 #
31 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
32 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
33 # which I found in the UCLA library.
34 #
35 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
36 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
37 # [PDF] (1914-03)
39 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
40 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
41 # "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
42 # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
43 # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
44 #
45 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
46 # This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
47 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
48 # The full Russian citation is:
49 # Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
50 # введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
51 # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
52 # Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
53 # http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
54 #
55 # Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
56 # History of Summer Time
57 # <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
58 # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
59
60 #
61 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
62 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
63 # Corrections are welcome!
64 # std dst 2dst
65 # LMT Local Mean Time
66 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
67 # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
68 # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
69 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
70 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
71 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
72 # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
73 # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
74 # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
75 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
76 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
77 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
78 # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
79
80 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
81 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
82 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
83 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
84 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
85 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
86 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
87 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
88 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
89 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
90 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
91 # ...
92 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
93 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
94 # ...
95 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
96 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
97 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
98 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
458 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
459 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
460 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
461 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
462 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
463 #
464 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
465
466 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
467 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
468 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
469 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
470 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
471 0:00 EU GMT/BST
472 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
473 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
474 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
475
476 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
477 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
478 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
479 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
480 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
481 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
482 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
483 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
484 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
485 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
486 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
487 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
488 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
489 0:00 EU GMT/IST
490
491 ###############################################################################
492
493 # Europe
494
495 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
496 # Common Market, etc.
497
498 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
884 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
885 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
886 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
887 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
888 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
889 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
890 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
891 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
892 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
893 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00
894 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
895 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
896 2:00 EU EE%sT
897
898 # Croatia
899 # See Europe/Belgrade.
900
901 # Cyprus
902 # Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
903
904 # Czech Republic
905 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
906 Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
907 Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
908 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
909 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
910 Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
911 Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
912 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
913 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
914 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
915 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
916 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
917 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
918 1:00 EU CE%sT
919 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
920
921 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
922
923 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
924 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
1047 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
1048 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
1049 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
1050
1051 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
1052 # "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named
1053 # "National Park" by Executive Order:
1054 # http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf
1055 # It is their only National Park.
1056 #
1057 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1058 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1059 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1060 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1061 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1062 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1063 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1064 #
1065 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1066 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1067 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1068 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
1069 0:00 - GMT
1070 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
1071 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1072 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
1073 -1:00 EU EG%sT
1074 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
1075 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1076 -3:00 EU WG%sT
1077 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
1078 -4:00 Thule A%sT
1079
1080 # Estonia
1081 #
1082 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1083 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1084 #
1085 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
1086 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1087 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1088 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1089 #
1090 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
1091 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
1092 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
1093 # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
1094 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1095 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1096 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1471 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1472 Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1473 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S
1474 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 -
1475 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1476 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 -
1477 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1478 Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 -
1479 Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S
1480 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1481 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1482 Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1483 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1484 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1485 # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
1486 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1487 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1488 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1489 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1490 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
1491 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1492 0:00 - GMT
1493
1494 # Italy
1495 #
1496 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1497 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1498 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1499 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1500 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1501 # so record only the time in Rome.
1502 #
1503 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1504 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
1505 # F. Pollastri
1506 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
1507 # http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html
1508 # ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1509 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1510 #
1511 # year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1512 # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1513 # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1514 # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1515 # 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1516 # 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1517 # 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
1518 # 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
1519 # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1520 # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
1521 # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1522 # 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
1523 # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1524 # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1525 # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
1526 # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
1527 #
1528 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1529 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1530 Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1531 Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1532 Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1533 Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
1534 Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1535 Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
1536 Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1537 Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
1538 Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
1539 Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
1540 Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1541 Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
1542 Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1543 Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1544 Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1545 Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1546 Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1547 Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1548 Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1549 Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
1550 Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1551 Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
1552 Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1553 Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1554 Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1555 Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1556 Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
1557 Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1558 Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
1559 Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1560 Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1561 Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1562 Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1563 Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1564 Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1565 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1566 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1567 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
1568 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1569 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1570 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1571 1:00 EU CE%sT
1572
1573 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1574 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1575
1576 # Latvia
1577
1578 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
1579
1580 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1581 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1582 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1583 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1584 #
1585 # Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1586 # according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1587 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1588 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1589 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1748 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1749 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1750 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1751 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1752 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1753 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1754 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1755 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1756 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1757 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1758 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1759 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1760 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1761 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1762 1:00 EU CE%sT
1763
1764 # Macedonia
1765 # See Europe/Belgrade.
1766
1767 # Malta
1768 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1769 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1770 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1771 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1772 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1773 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1774 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1775 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1776 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1777 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
1778 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1779 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1780 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1781 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1782 1:00 EU CE%sT
1783
1784 # Moldova
1785
1786 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
1787 # the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04
1788 # http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2
1789 # ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR
1790 # time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt
1791 # plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be
1792 # adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer"
1793 # time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and
1794 # reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00.
1795
1796 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1797 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
1798 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
1799 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
1891 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1892 #
1893 # (2001-04-09):
1894 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1895 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1896 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1897 # actually followed.
1898 #
1899 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1900 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
1901 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1902 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1903 # adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1904 #
1905 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1906 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1907 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1908 # Amsterdam mean time.
1909
1910 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from
1911 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm
1912
1913 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1914 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1915 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1916 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1917 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1918 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1919 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
1920 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1921 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1922 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1923 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1924 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1925 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1926 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1927 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1928 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1929 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1930 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1931 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1932 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1933 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1934 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1935 Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1936 #
1937 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
1938 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
1939 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1940 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
1941 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
1942 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
1943 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1944 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1945 1:00 EU CE%sT
1946
1947 # Norway
1948 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
1949 # Pottenger.
1950 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1951 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1952 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1953 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1954 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1955 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1956 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1957 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1958 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1959 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
1960 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1961 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1962 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
2139 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
2140 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2141 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
2142 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
2143 Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
2144 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
2145 Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2146 Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2147 Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
2148 Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
2149 #
2150 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2151 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
2152 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
2153 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2154 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
2155 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2156 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2157 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
2158 0:00 EU WE%sT
2159 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
2160 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time
2161 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
2162 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2163 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2164 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
2165 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
2166 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
2167 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time
2168 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
2169 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2170 0:00 EU WE%sT
2171
2172 # Romania
2173 #
2174 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
2175 # Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
2176 # (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
2177 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
2178 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
2179 # the same year as Bulgaria.
2180 #
2181 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2182 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
2183 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
2184 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
2185 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
2186 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2187 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
2188 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2506 #
2507 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
2508 # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
2509 # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
2510 # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
2511 # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
2512
2513 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
2514 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
2515 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2516 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
2517 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2518 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2519 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2520 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2521 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2522 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2523 3:00 - MSK
2524
2525
2526 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2527 # Europe/Simferopol covers...
2528 # ** **** Crimea, Republic of
2529 # ** **** Sevastopol
2530
2531 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2532 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2533 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2534 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2535 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2536 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2537 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2538 2:00 - EET 1992
2539 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
2540 #
2541 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2542 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2543 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2544 # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
2545 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
2546 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
2547 # changed in May.
2548 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2549 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2571 #
2572 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2573
2574 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12):
2575 # On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation
2576 # Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time)....
2577 # This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00.
2578 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2579 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
2580
2581 Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May
2582 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2583 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2584 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2585 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2586 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2587 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2588 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2589 4:00 - +04
2590
2591 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2592 # Europe/Volgograd covers:
2593 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2594 # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2595 # The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
2596
2597 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2598 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2599 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11
2600 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
2601 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2602 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2603 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2604 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2605 3:00 - +03
2606
2607 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2608 # Europe/Kirov covers:
2609 # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2610 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2611 #
2612 Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2613 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2614 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2615 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2616 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2617 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2618 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2619 3:00 - +03
2620
2621 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2622 # Europe/Samara covers...
2623 # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
2624 # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
2625
2626 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
3182 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
3183 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
3184 # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
3185 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
3186 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
3187 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
3188 1:00 EU CE%sT
3189 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
3190 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
3191 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
3192 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
3193 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
3194
3195 # Slovakia
3196 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
3197
3198 # Slovenia
3199 # See Europe/Belgrade.
3200
3201 # Spain
3202 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3203 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
3204 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3205 Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
3206 Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
3207 Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
3208 Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
3209 # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3210 Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
3211 # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3212 Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
3213 Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
3214 # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3215 Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
3216 Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
3217 Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
3218 Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
3219 # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
3220 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3221 Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
3222 Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
3223 Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
3224 Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
3225 Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
3226 # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3227 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
3228 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
3229 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
3230 Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
3231 Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
3232 Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
3233 Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
3234 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
3235 Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
3236 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
3237 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3238 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
3239 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3240 Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3241 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
3242 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
3243 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
3244 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3245 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
3246 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
3247 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3248 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
3249 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3250 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3251 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
3252 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3253 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s
3254 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
3255 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
3256 1:00 EU CE%sT
3257 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
3258 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
3259 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
3260 0:00 - WET 1924
3261 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
3262 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
3263 1:00 - CET 1986
3264 1:00 EU CE%sT
3265 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
3266 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T
3267 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
3268 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u
3269 0:00 EU WE%sT
3270 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
3271 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
3272
3273 # Sweden
3274
3275 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
3276 #
3277 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
3278 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
3279 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
3280 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
3281 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
3282 #
3283 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
3284 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
3285 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
3286 #
3659 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
3660 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
3661 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
3662 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
3663 1:00 - CET 1940
3664 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
3665 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
3666 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
3667 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
3668 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3669 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
3670 2:00 - EET 1992
3671 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3672 2:00 EU EE%sT
3673 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
3674 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3675 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
3676 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
3677 # portable Posix file names.
3678 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
3679 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
3680 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3681 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
3682 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
3683 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3684 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3685 2:00 EU EE%sT
3686
3687 # Vatican City
3688 # See Europe/Rome.
3689
3690 ###############################################################################
3691
3692 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
3693 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
3694 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
3695 #
3696 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
3697 # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
3698 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
3699 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
|
1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
10 #
11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 #
16 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
17 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 #
23 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
24 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
25 #
26 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
27 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
28 #
29 # Other sources occasionally used include:
30 #
31 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
32 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
33 # which I found in the UCLA library.
34 #
35 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
36 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
37 # [PDF] (1914-03)
39 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
40 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
41 # "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
42 # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
43 # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
44 #
45 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
46 # This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
47 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
48 # The full Russian citation is:
49 # Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
50 # введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
51 # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
52 # Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
53 # http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
54 #
55 # Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
56 # History of Summer Time
57 # <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
58 # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
59 #
60 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
61 # the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time,
62 # or are from other sources. Corrections are welcome!
63 # std dst 2dst
64 # LMT Local Mean Time
65 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
66 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
67 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
68 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
69 # 0:19:32.13 AMT* NST* Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)
70 # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
71 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
72 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)
73 # 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)*
74 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
75 # 3:00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow
76
77 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
78 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
79 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
80 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
81 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
82 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
83 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
84 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
85 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
86 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
87 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
88 # ...
89 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
90 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
91 # ...
92 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
93 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
94 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
95 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
455 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
456 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
457 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
458 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
459 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
460 #
461 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
462
463 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
464 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
465 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
466 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
467 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
468 0:00 EU GMT/BST
469 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
470 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
471 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
472
473 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
474 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
475 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
476 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
477 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
478 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
479 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
480 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
481 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
482 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
483 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
484 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
485 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
486 0:00 EU GMT/IST
487
488 ###############################################################################
489
490 # Europe
491
492 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
493 # Common Market, etc.
494
495 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
881 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
882 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
883 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
884 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
885 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
886 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
887 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
888 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
889 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
890 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00
891 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
892 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
893 2:00 EU EE%sT
894
895 # Croatia
896 # See Europe/Belgrade.
897
898 # Cyprus
899 # Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
900
901 # Czech Republic / Czechia
902 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
903 Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
904 Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
905 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
906 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
907 Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
908 Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
909 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
910 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
911 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
912 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
913 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
914 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
915 1:00 EU CE%sT
916 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
917
918 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
919
920 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
921 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
1044 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
1045 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
1046 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
1047
1048 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
1049 # "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named
1050 # "National Park" by Executive Order:
1051 # http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf
1052 # It is their only National Park.
1053 #
1054 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1055 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1056 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1057 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1058 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1059 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1060 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1061 #
1062 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1063 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1064 -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1065 -3:00 EU -03/-02 1996
1066 0:00 - GMT
1067 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
1068 -2:00 - -02 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1069 -2:00 C-Eur -02/-01 1981 Mar 29
1070 -1:00 EU -01/+00
1071 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
1072 -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1073 -3:00 EU -03/-02
1074 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
1075 -4:00 Thule A%sT
1076
1077 # Estonia
1078 #
1079 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1080 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1081 #
1082 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
1083 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1084 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1085 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1086 #
1087 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
1088 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
1089 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
1090 # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
1091 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1092 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1093 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1468 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1469 Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1470 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S
1471 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 -
1472 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1473 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 -
1474 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1475 Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 -
1476 Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S
1477 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1478 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1479 Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1480 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1481 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1482 # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
1483 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1484 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1485 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1486 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1487 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
1488 -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1489 0:00 - GMT
1490
1491 # Italy
1492 #
1493 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1494 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1495 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1496 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1497 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1498 # so record only the time in Rome.
1499 #
1500 # From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24):
1501 # http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10
1502 # ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into
1503 # force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in
1504 # the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...."
1505 #
1506 # From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20):
1507 # The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological
1508 # institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at
1509 # http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml
1510 # (2016-10-24):
1511 # http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/
1512 # has still different data for 1944. It divides Italy in two, as
1513 # there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic
1514 # Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south
1515 # of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies.
1516 #
1517 # From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23):
1518 # Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219.
1519 # Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ...
1520 # Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is
1521 # advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ...
1522 # Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed.
1523 #
1524 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27):
1525 # Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944
1526 # for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
1527 # Model Rome's occupation by using using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
1528 # to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
1529 # was effectively controlled by Germany.
1530 #
1531 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1532 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S
1533 Rule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 -
1534 Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S
1535 Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 24:00 1:00 S
1536 Rule Italy 1918 only - Oct 6 24:00 0 -
1537 Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 24:00 1:00 S
1538 Rule Italy 1919 only - Oct 4 24:00 0 -
1539 Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 S
1540 Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 -
1541 Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S
1542 Rule Italy 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
1543 Rule Italy 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1544 Rule Italy 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
1545 Rule Italy 1944 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1546 Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
1547 Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1548 Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 1:00 0 -
1549 Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1550 Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1551 Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1552 Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1553 Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1554 Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1555 Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1556 Rule Italy 1966 only - Sep 24 24:00 0 -
1557 Rule Italy 1967 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00s 0 -
1558 Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1559 Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1560 Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1561 Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1562 Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1563 Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1564 Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1565 Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1566 Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1567 Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1568 Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1569 Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1570 Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1571 Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1572 Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1573 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1574 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1575 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean
1576 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10
1577 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4
1578 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1579 1:00 EU CE%sT
1580
1581 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1582 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1583
1584 # Latvia
1585
1586 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
1587
1588 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1589 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1590 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1591 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1592 #
1593 # Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1594 # according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1595 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1596 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1597 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1756 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1757 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1758 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1759 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1760 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1761 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1762 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1763 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1764 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1765 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1766 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1767 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1768 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1769 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1770 1:00 EU CE%sT
1771
1772 # Macedonia
1773 # See Europe/Belgrade.
1774
1775 # Malta
1776 #
1777 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21):
1778 # Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks.
1779 #
1780 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1781 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1782 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1783 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1784 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1785 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1786 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1787 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1788 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1789 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
1790 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1791 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1792 1:00 EU CE%sT
1793
1794 # Moldova
1795
1796 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
1797 # the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04
1798 # http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2
1799 # ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR
1800 # time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt
1801 # plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be
1802 # adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer"
1803 # time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and
1804 # reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00.
1805
1806 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1807 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
1808 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
1809 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
1901 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1902 #
1903 # (2001-04-09):
1904 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1905 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1906 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1907 # actually followed.
1908 #
1909 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1910 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
1911 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1912 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1913 # adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1914 #
1915 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1916 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1917 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1918 # Amsterdam mean time.
1919
1920 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from
1921 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
1922
1923 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1924 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1925 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1926 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1927 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1928 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1929 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
1930 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1931 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1932 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1933 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1934 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1935 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1936 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1937 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1938 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1939 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1940 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1941 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1942 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1943 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1944 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1945 Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1946 #
1947 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
1948 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
1949 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1950 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
1951 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
1952 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00
1953 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1954 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1955 1:00 EU CE%sT
1956
1957 # Norway
1958 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
1959 # Pottenger.
1960 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1961 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1962 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1963 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1964 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1965 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1966 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1967 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1968 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1969 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
1970 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1971 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1972 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
2149 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
2150 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2151 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
2152 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
2153 Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
2154 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
2155 Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2156 Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2157 Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
2158 Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
2159 #
2160 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2161 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
2162 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
2163 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2164 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
2165 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2166 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2167 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
2168 0:00 EU WE%sT
2169 # This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
2170 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
2171 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time
2172 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
2173 -2:00 Port +00 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
2174 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
2175 -2:00 Port +00 1943 Aug 28 22:00s
2176 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
2177 -2:00 Port +00 1944 Aug 26 22:00s
2178 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
2179 -2:00 Port +00 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
2180 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2181 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2182 -1:00 W-Eur -01/+00 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2183 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
2184 -1:00 EU -01/+00
2185 # This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
2186 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
2187 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time
2188 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
2189 -1:00 Port +01 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
2190 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
2191 -1:00 Port +01 1943 Aug 28 22:00s
2192 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
2193 -1:00 Port +01 1944 Aug 26 22:00s
2194 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
2195 -1:00 Port +01 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
2196 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2197 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2198 0:00 EU WE%sT
2199
2200 # Romania
2201 #
2202 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
2203 # Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
2204 # (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
2205 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
2206 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
2207 # the same year as Bulgaria.
2208 #
2209 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2210 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
2211 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
2212 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
2213 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
2214 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2215 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
2216 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2534 #
2535 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
2536 # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
2537 # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
2538 # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
2539 # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
2540
2541 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
2542 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
2543 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2544 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
2545 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2546 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2547 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2548 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2549 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2550 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2551 3:00 - MSK
2552
2553
2554 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
2555 # Europe/Simferopol covers Crimea.
2556
2557 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2558 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2559 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2560 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2561 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2562 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2563 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2564 2:00 - EET 1992
2565 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
2566 #
2567 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2568 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2569 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2570 # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
2571 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
2572 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
2573 # changed in May.
2574 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2575 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2597 #
2598 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2599
2600 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12):
2601 # On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation
2602 # Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time)....
2603 # This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00.
2604 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2605 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
2606
2607 Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May
2608 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2609 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2610 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2611 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2612 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2613 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2614 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2615 4:00 - +04
2616
2617 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
2618 # Europe/Volgograd covers:
2619 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2620 # The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
2621
2622 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2623 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2624 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11
2625 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
2626 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2627 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2628 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2629 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2630 3:00 - +03
2631
2632 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
2633 # Europe/Saratov covers:
2634 # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2635
2636 # From Yuri Konotopov (2016-11-11):
2637 # Dec 4, 2016 02:00 UTC+3.... Saratov Region's local time will be ... UTC+4.
2638 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-11):
2639 # ... Byalokoz listed Saratov on 03:04:18.
2640 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-22):
2641 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031
2642
2643 Zone Europe/Saratov 3:04:18 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2644 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2645 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
2646 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2647 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2648 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2649 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2650 3:00 - +03 2016 Dec 4 2:00s
2651 4:00 - +04
2652
2653 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2654 # Europe/Kirov covers:
2655 # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2656 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2657 #
2658 Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2659 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2660 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2661 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2662 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2663 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2664 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2665 3:00 - +03
2666
2667 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2668 # Europe/Samara covers...
2669 # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
2670 # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
2671
2672 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
3228 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
3229 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
3230 # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
3231 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
3232 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
3233 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
3234 1:00 EU CE%sT
3235 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
3236 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
3237 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
3238 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
3239 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
3240
3241 # Slovakia
3242 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
3243
3244 # Slovenia
3245 # See Europe/Belgrade.
3246
3247 # Spain
3248 #
3249 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-14):
3250 #
3251 # The source for Europe/Madrid before 2013 is:
3252 # Planesas P. La hora oficial en España y sus cambios.
3253 # Anuario del Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid (2013, in Spanish).
3254 # http://astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficialenespana.pdf
3255 # As this source says that historical time in the Canaries is obscure,
3256 # and it does not discuss Ceuta, stick with Shanks for now for that data.
3257 #
3258 # In the 1918 and 1919 fallback transitions in Spain, the clock for
3259 # the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that
3260 # the repeated instances of that day's 00:00 hour were 24 hours apart,
3261 # with a fallback transition from the second occurrence of 00:59... to
3262 # the next day's 00:00. Our data format cannot represent this
3263 # directly, and instead repeats the first hour of the next day, with a
3264 # fallback transition from the next day's 00:59... to 00:00.
3265
3266 # From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15):
3267 # The Royal Decree of 1900-06-26 quoted by Planesas, online at
3268 # https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf
3269 # says in its article 5 (my translation):
3270 # These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the
3271 # instant at which, according to the time indicated in article 1,
3272 # the 1st day of January of 1901 will begin.
3273
3274 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3275 Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
3276 Rule Spain 1918 1919 - Oct 6 24:00s 0 -
3277 Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 6 23:00 1:00 S
3278 Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00 1:00 S
3279 Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 24:00s 0 -
3280 Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
3281 Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
3282 Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
3283 Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
3284 Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
3285 # Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until 1939-03-28.
3286 Rule Spain 1937 only - Jun 16 23:00 1:00 S
3287 Rule Spain 1937 only - Oct 2 24:00s 0 -
3288 Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3289 Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 30 23:00 2:00 M
3290 Rule Spain 1938 only - Oct 2 24:00 1:00 S
3291 # The following rules are for unified Spain again.
3292 #
3293 # Planesas does not say what happened in Madrid between its fall on
3294 # 1939-03-28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on
3295 # 1939-04-15. For lack of better info, assume Madrid's clocks did not
3296 # change during that period.
3297 #
3298 # The first rule is commented out, as it is redundant for Republican Spain.
3299 #Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
3300 Rule Spain 1939 only - Oct 7 24:00s 0 -
3301 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 23:00 1:00 S
3302 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 1:00 0 -
3303 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
3304 Rule Spain 1943 1944 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3305 Rule Spain 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3306 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
3307 Rule Spain 1949 only - Oct 2 1:00 0 -
3308 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=12 23:00 1:00 S
3309 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3310 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
3311 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3312 Rule Spain 1977 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3313 Rule Spain 1978 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
3314 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
3315 # Nationalist Spain during the civil war
3316 #Rule NatSpain 1937 only - May 22 23:00 1:00 S
3317 #Rule NatSpain 1937 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
3318 #Rule NatSpain 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00 1:00 S
3319 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
3320 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
3321 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3322 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
3323 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
3324 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3325 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
3326 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3327 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3328 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
3329 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3330 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:45:16
3331 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00
3332 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
3333 1:00 EU CE%sT
3334 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:38:44
3335 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
3336 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
3337 0:00 - WET 1924
3338 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
3339 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
3340 1:00 - CET 1986
3341 1:00 EU CE%sT
3342 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
3343 -1:00 - -01 1946 Sep 30 1:00
3344 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
3345 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u
3346 0:00 EU WE%sT
3347 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
3348 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
3349
3350 # Sweden
3351
3352 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
3353 #
3354 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
3355 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
3356 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
3357 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
3358 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
3359 #
3360 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
3361 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
3362 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
3363 #
3736 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
3737 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
3738 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
3739 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
3740 1:00 - CET 1940
3741 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
3742 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
3743 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
3744 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
3745 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3746 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
3747 2:00 - EET 1992
3748 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3749 2:00 EU EE%sT
3750 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
3751 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3752 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
3753 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
3754 # portable Posix file names.
3755 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
3756 2:20 - +0220 1924 May 2
3757 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3758 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
3759 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
3760 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3761 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3762 2:00 EU EE%sT
3763
3764 # Vatican City
3765 # See Europe/Rome.
3766
3767 ###############################################################################
3768
3769 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
3770 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
3771 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
3772 #
3773 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
3774 # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
3775 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
3776 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
|