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--- old/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/africa
+++ new/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/africa
1 1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3 3
4 4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8 8
9 -# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
9 +# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20):
10 10 #
11 11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 15 #
16 -# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17 -# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16 +# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
17 +# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
18 18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 22 #
23 23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 26 #
27 27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 29 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30 30 #
31 31 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
32 32 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
33 33 #
34 +# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
35 +# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
34 36 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
35 -# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
36 -# but Mark R V Murray reports that
37 -# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
38 -# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
39 -# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
37 +# for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
38 +# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
39 +# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
40 +# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
41 +# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
40 42 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
41 -# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
42 43 #
43 -# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
44 -# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
45 -# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
46 -# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
47 -# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
44 +# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
45 +# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
46 +# +02 CAT Central Africa Time
47 +# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time
48 +# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
49 +# +01 WAT West Africa Time
50 +# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
51 +# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
52 +# cannot now come up with solid citations.
48 53 #
49 -# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
50 -# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
51 -# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
52 -# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
53 -# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
54 -# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
55 -# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
56 -# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
57 -# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
58 -# until we get more information.
59 -#
60 54 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
61 -# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
62 -# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
63 -# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
64 -# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
65 -# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
66 -# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
55 +# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time
56 +# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
57 +# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
58 +# +03 EAT East Africa Time
59 +# 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired
60 +# with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
67 61
68 62 # Algeria
69 63 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
70 64 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
71 65 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
72 66 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
73 67 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
74 68 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
75 69 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
76 70 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
77 71 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
78 72 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
79 73 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
80 74 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
81 75 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
82 76 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
83 77 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
84 78 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
85 79 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
86 80 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
87 81 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
88 82 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
89 83 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
90 84 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
91 85 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
92 86 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
93 87 # more precise 0:09:21.
94 88 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
95 89 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
96 90 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
97 91 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
98 92 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
99 93 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
100 94 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
101 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
102 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
103 97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
104 98 1:00 - CET
105 99
106 100 # Angola
107 101 # Benin
108 102 # See Africa/Lagos.
109 103
110 104 # Botswana
111 105 # See Africa/Maputo.
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112 106
113 107 # Burkina Faso
114 108 # See Africa/Abidjan.
115 109
116 110 # Burundi
117 111 # See Africa/Maputo.
118 112
119 113 # Cameroon
120 114 # See Africa/Lagos.
121 115
122 -# Cape Verde
116 +# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
123 117 #
124 -# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
118 +# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
125 119 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
126 -# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
120 +# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
127 121 # merely made it official?
128 122 #
129 123 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
130 124 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
131 - -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
132 - -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
133 - -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
134 - -1:00 - CVT
125 + -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep
126 + -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15
127 + -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00
128 + -1:00 - -01
135 129
136 130 # Central African Republic
137 131 # See Africa/Lagos.
138 132
139 133 # Chad
140 134 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
141 135 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
142 136 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
143 137 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
144 138 1:00 - WAT
145 139
146 140 # Comoros
147 141 # See Africa/Nairobi.
148 142
149 143 # Democratic Republic of the Congo
150 144 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
151 145
152 146 # Republic of the Congo
153 147 # See Africa/Lagos.
154 148
155 149 # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
156 150 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
157 151 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
158 152 0:00 - GMT
159 153 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
160 154 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
161 155 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
162 156 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
163 157 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
164 158 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
165 159 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
166 160 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
167 161 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe
168 162 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
169 163
170 164 # Djibouti
171 165 # See Africa/Nairobi.
172 166
173 167 ###############################################################################
174 168
175 169 # Egypt
176 170
177 171 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
178 172 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
179 173 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
180 174 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
181 175
182 176 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
183 177 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
184 178 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
185 179 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
186 180 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
187 181 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
188 182 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
189 183 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
190 184 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
191 185 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
192 186 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
193 187 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
194 188 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
195 189 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
196 190 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
197 191 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
198 192 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
199 193 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
200 194 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
201 195 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
202 196 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
203 197 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
204 198
205 199 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
206 200 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
207 201 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
208 202 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
209 203 #
210 204 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
211 205 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
212 206 # or
213 207 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
214 208 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
215 209 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
216 210 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
217 211 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
218 212 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
219 213 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
220 214 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
221 215 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
222 216 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
223 217 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
224 218 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
225 219 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
226 220 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
227 221 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
228 222 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
229 223 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
230 224 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
231 225 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
232 226 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
233 227 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
234 228 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
235 229 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
236 230 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
237 231 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
238 232 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
239 233 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
240 234
241 235 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
242 236 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
243 237 #
244 238 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
245 239 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
246 240 # Apr 23
247 241 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
248 242 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
249 243 # Apr 24
250 244 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
251 245 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
252 246 # Aug 27
253 247 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
254 248 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
255 249 # Aug 27
256 250 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
257 251 #
258 252 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
259 253 # :59)
260 254 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
261 255 #
262 256 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
263 257 #
264 258 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
265 259 # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
266 260 # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
267 261
268 262 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
269 263 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
270 264 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
271 265 # in September.
272 266
273 267 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
274 268 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
275 269 # Information and Decision Support Center:
276 270 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
277 271 #
278 272 # The Middle East News Agency
279 273 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
280 274 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
281 275 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
282 276 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
283 277 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
284 278 # (at least today).
285 279
286 280 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
287 281 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
288 282 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
289 283 # Ramadan.
290 284 #
291 285 # Arabic translation:
292 286 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
293 287 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
294 288 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
295 289
296 290 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
297 291 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
298 292 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
299 293
300 294 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
301 295 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
302 296
303 297 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
304 298 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
305 299 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
306 300 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
307 301 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
308 302 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
309 303 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
310 304 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
311 305 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
312 306 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
313 307 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
314 308 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
315 309
316 310 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
317 311 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
318 312 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
319 313 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
320 314 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
321 315 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
322 316
323 317 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
324 318 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
325 319 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
326 320 # Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
327 321 # dates not yet announced....
328 322 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
329 323 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
330 324
331 325 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
332 326 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
333 327 # least for 2015.
334 328 #
335 329 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
336 330 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
337 331 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
338 332 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
339 333 # practice altogether in future years."
340 334 #
341 335 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
342 336 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
343 337 # decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
344 338 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
345 339
346 340 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
347 341 # Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
348 342 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
349 343 # From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
350 344 # Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
351 345
352 346 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
353 347 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
354 348 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
355 349 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
356 350 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
357 351 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
358 352 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
359 353 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
360 354 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
361 355
362 356 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
363 357 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
364 358 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
365 359
366 360 # Equatorial Guinea
367 361 # See Africa/Lagos.
368 362
369 363 # Eritrea
370 364 # Ethiopia
371 365 # See Africa/Nairobi.
372 366
373 367 # Gabon
374 368 # See Africa/Lagos.
375 369
376 370 # Gambia
377 371 # See Africa/Abidjan.
378 372
379 373 # Ghana
380 374 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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381 375 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
382 376 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
383 377 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
384 378 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
385 379 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
386 380 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
387 381 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
388 382 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
389 383 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
390 384 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
391 - 0:00 Ghana %s
385 + 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020
392 386
393 387 # Guinea
394 388 # See Africa/Abidjan.
395 389
396 390 # Guinea-Bissau
397 391 #
398 392 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
399 393 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
400 -# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
394 +# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
401 395 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
402 396 #
403 397 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404 398 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
405 - -1:00 - WAT 1975
399 + -1:00 - -01 1975
406 400 0:00 - GMT
407 401
408 402 # Kenya
409 403 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
410 404 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
411 405 3:00 - EAT 1930
412 - 2:30 - BEAT 1940
413 - 2:45 - BEAUT 1960
406 + 2:30 - +0230 1940
407 + 2:45 - +0245 1960
414 408 3:00 - EAT
415 409 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
416 410 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
417 411 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
418 412 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
419 413 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
420 414 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
421 415 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
422 416 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
423 417 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
424 418
425 419 # Lesotho
426 420 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
427 421
428 422 # Liberia
429 -# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
430 -# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
431 -# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
432 -# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
433 -# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
434 -# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
435 -# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
436 -# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
423 +#
424 +# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):
425 +#
426 +# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.
427 +#
428 +# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UTC offset
429 +# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on
430 +# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
431 +# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
432 +# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
433 +# Monrovia: Executive Mansion.
434 +#
435 +# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric
436 +# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
437 +#
437 438 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
438 439 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
439 440 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
440 - -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
441 + -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
441 442 0:00 - GMT
442 443
443 444 ###############################################################################
444 445
445 446 # Libya
446 447
447 448 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
448 449 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
449 450 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
450 451 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
451 452 #
452 453 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
453 454 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
454 455 #
455 456 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
456 457 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
457 458 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
458 459 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
459 460 # lastFri instead of lastSun).
460 461
461 462 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
462 463 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
463 464 # cancelled yesterday....
464 465 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
465 466 #
466 467 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
467 468 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
468 469
469 470 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
470 471 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
471 472 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
472 473 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
473 474 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
474 475 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
475 476 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
476 477 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
477 478 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
478 479 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
479 480 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
480 481 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
481 482 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
482 483 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
483 484 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
484 485 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
485 486 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
486 487 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
487 488 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
488 489 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
489 490 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
490 491 2:00 - EET 1982
491 492 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
492 493 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
493 494 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
494 495 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
495 496 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
496 497 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
497 498 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
498 499 2:00 - EET
499 500
500 501 # Madagascar
501 502 # See Africa/Nairobi.
502 503
503 504 # Malawi
504 505 # See Africa/Maputo.
505 506
506 507 # Mali
507 508 # Mauritania
508 509 # See Africa/Abidjan.
509 510
510 511 # Mauritius
511 512
512 513 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
513 514 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
514 515 # basis....
515 516 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
516 517 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
517 518 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
518 519
519 520 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
520 521 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
521 522
522 523 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
523 524 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
524 525 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
525 526 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
526 527
527 528 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
528 529 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
529 530
530 531 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
531 532 # According to
532 533 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
533 534 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
534 535 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
535 536 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
536 537 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
537 538 #
538 539 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
539 540 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
540 541 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
541 542 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
542 543 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
543 544 # changes two days later.
544 545
545 546 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
546 547 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
547 548 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
548 549 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
549 550 #
550 551 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
551 552 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
552 553 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
553 554 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
554 555
555 556 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
556 557 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
557 558 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
558 559 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
559 560 #
560 561 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
561 562 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
562 563 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
563 564 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
564 565 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
565 566 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
566 567 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
567 568 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
568 569 # and end on 29 March 2009.
569 570
570 571 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
571 572 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
572 573 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
573 574 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
574 575 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
575 576
576 577 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
577 578 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
578 579 # DST the coming summer...
579 580 #
580 581 # Some sources, in French:
581 582 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
582 583 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
583 584 #
584 585 # Our wrap-up:
585 586 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
586 587
587 588 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
588 589 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
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589 590 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
590 591 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
591 592
592 593 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
593 594 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
594 595 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
595 596 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
596 597 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
597 598 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
598 599 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
599 - 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
600 + 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05
600 601 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
601 602 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
602 603
603 604 # Mayotte
604 605 # See Africa/Nairobi.
605 606
606 607 # Morocco
607 608 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
608 609
609 610 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
610 611 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
611 612 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
612 613 #
613 614 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
614 615 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
615 616 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
616 617 #
617 618 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
618 619 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
619 620
620 621 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
621 622 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
622 623 # Presse:
623 624 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
624 625 #
625 626 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
626 627 # spokesman.
627 628
628 629 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
629 630 # According to this article:
630 631 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
631 632 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
632 633 # the changes occur at midnight:
633 634 #
634 635 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
635 636 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
636 637 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight
637 638 #
638 639 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
639 640 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
640 641 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
641 642 # June 1st to Sept 27th.
642 643 #
643 644 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
644 645 # published on the web.
645 646 #
646 647 # It's also confirmed here:
647 648 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
648 649 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
649 650 # posted in English).
650 651 #
651 652 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
652 653 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
653 654
654 655 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
655 656 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
656 657 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
657 658 # of September:
658 659 #
659 660 # One article about it (in French):
660 661 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
661 662 #
662 663 # We have some further details posted here:
663 664 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
664 665
665 666 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
666 667 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
667 668 # to many sources, such as
668 669 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
669 670 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
670 671 # (French)
671 672 #
672 673 # Our summary:
673 674 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
674 675
675 676 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
676 677 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
677 678 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
678 679 #
679 680 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
680 681 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
681 682 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
682 683 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
683 684 #
684 685 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
685 686 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
686 687
687 688 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
688 689 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
689 690 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
690 691 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
691 692 #
692 693 # Example:
693 694 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
694 695 # (French)
695 696 # Our page:
696 697 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
697 698
698 699 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
699 700 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
700 701 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
701 702 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
702 703 # ...Official links of change in morocco
703 704 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
704 705 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
705 706 # +212.537.71.84.00
706 707 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
707 708 # They said that
708 709 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
709 710 # is the official publication to look at.
710 711 # They said that the decision was already taken.
711 712 #
712 713 # More articles in the press
713 714 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
714 715 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
715 716 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
716 717
717 718 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
718 719 # They have it written in English here:
719 720 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
720 721 #
721 722 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
722 723 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
723 724 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
724 725 # also been like that in the past.
725 726
726 727 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
727 728 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
728 729 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
729 730 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
730 731 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
731 732 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
732 733 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
733 734 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
734 735 # except the month of Ramadan.
735 736 # or (brief)
736 737 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
737 738
738 739 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
739 740 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
740 741 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
741 742 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
742 743 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
743 744 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
744 745
745 746 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
746 747 # Seen Morocco change again:
747 748 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
748 749 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
749 750 # comme annoncé précédemment."
750 751
751 752 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
752 753 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
753 754 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
754 755 #
755 756 # Google translation, lightly edited:
756 757 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
757 758 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
758 759 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
759 760 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
760 761 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
761 762 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
762 763 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
763 764 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
764 765 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
765 766
766 767 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
767 768 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
768 769 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
769 770 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
770 771 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
771 772 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
772 773
773 774 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
774 775 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
775 776 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
776 777 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
777 778
778 779 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
779 780 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
780 781 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
781 782 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
782 783 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
783 784 # source (French):
784 785 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
785 786 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
786 787 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
787 788
788 789 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
789 790 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
790 791
791 792 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
792 793 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
793 794 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
794 795 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
795 796 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
796 797
797 798 # From Milamber (2015-06-08):
798 799 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
799 800 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
800 801 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
801 802 # 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
802 803 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
803 804 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
804 805 # Source (french):
805 806 # http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
806 807 #
807 808 # From Milamber (2015-06-09):
808 809 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
809 810 #
810 811 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
811 812 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
812 813 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
813 814 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
814 815 # <http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
815 816 # with the patch.
816 817
817 818 # From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08):
818 819 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules,
819 820 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
820 821 # Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after
821 822 # Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were
822 823 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
823 824 # results integrated by hand into the table below.
824 825 # (let ((islamic-year 1437))
825 826 # (require 'cal-islam)
826 827 # (while (< islamic-year 1460)
827 828 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
828 829 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
829 830 # (sunday 0))
830 831 # (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
831 832 # (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
832 833 # (setq b (1+ b)))
833 834 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
834 835 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
835 836 # (insert
836 837 # (format
837 838 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
838 839 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
839 840 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
840 841 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
841 842 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
842 843
843 844 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
844 845
845 846 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
846 847 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
847 848 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
848 849 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
849 850 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
850 851 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
851 852 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
852 853 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
853 854 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
854 855 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
855 856 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
856 857 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
857 858 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
858 859 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
859 860 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
860 861 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
861 862 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
862 863 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
863 864 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
864 865 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
865 866 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
866 867 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
867 868 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 -
868 869 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
869 870 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
870 871 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
871 872 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
872 873 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
873 874 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
874 875 Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
875 876 Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
876 877 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 -
877 878 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S
878 879 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 -
879 880 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S
880 881 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 -
881 882 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S
882 883 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 -
883 884 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S
884 885 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 -
885 886 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S
886 887 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 -
887 888 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S
888 889 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 -
889 890 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S
890 891 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 -
891 892 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S
892 893 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S
893 894 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S
894 895 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S
895 896 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S
896 897 Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
897 898 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 -
898 899 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 -
899 900
900 901 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
901 902 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
902 903 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
903 904 1:00 - CET 1986
904 905 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
905 906
906 907 # Western Sahara
907 908 #
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908 909 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
909 910 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
910 911 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
911 912 # Morocco does.
912 913 #
913 914 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
914 915 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
915 916 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
916 917
917 918 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
918 - -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
919 + -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14
919 920 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
920 921
921 922 # Mozambique
922 923 #
923 924 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
924 925 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
925 -# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
926 +# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
926 927 # merely made it official?
927 928 #
928 929 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
929 930 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
930 931 2:00 - CAT
931 932 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
932 933 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
933 934 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
934 935 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
935 936 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
936 937 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
937 938 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
938 939
939 940 # Namibia
940 941 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
941 942 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
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942 943
943 944 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
944 945 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
945 946 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
946 947 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
947 948 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
948 949 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
949 950 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
950 951 # of the country.
951 952 #
952 -# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
953 -# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
954 -# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
953 +# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
954 +# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
955 +# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
956 +# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
957 +# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
958 +# http://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
955 959
956 960 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
957 961 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
958 962 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
959 963 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
960 964 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
961 - 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
965 + 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar
962 966 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
963 967 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
964 968 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
965 969 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
966 970 1:00 Namibia WA%sT
967 971
968 972 # Niger
969 973 # See Africa/Lagos.
970 974
971 975 # Nigeria
972 976 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
973 977 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
974 978 1:00 - WAT
975 979 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
976 980 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
977 981 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
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978 982 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
979 983 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
980 984 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
981 985 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
982 986 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
983 987 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
984 988
985 989 # Réunion
986 990 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
987 991 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
988 - 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time
992 + 4:00 - +04
989 993 #
990 994 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
991 995 #
992 996 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
993 997 # The following information about them is taken from
994 998 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
995 999 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
996 1000 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
997 1001 #
998 1002 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
999 1003 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1000 1004 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1001 1005 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1002 1006 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1003 1007
1004 1008 # Rwanda
1005 1009 # See Africa/Maputo.
1006 1010
1007 1011 # St Helena
1008 1012 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1009 1013 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1010 1014 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1011 1015 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1012 1016 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
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1013 1017 # on GMT, says the CIA
1014 1018 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1015 1019
1016 1020 # São Tomé and Príncipe
1017 1021 # Senegal
1018 1022 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1019 1023
1020 1024 # Seychelles
1021 1025 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1022 1026 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1023 - 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
1027 + 4:00 - +04
1024 1028 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1025 1029 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1026 1030 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1027 1031 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1028 1032 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1029 1033 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1030 1034
1031 1035 # Sierra Leone
1032 1036 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1033 1037
1034 1038 # Somalia
1035 1039 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1036 1040
1037 1041 # South Africa
1038 1042 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1039 1043 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1040 1044 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1041 1045 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1042 1046 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1043 1047 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
1044 1048 2:00 SA SAST
1045 1049 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
1046 1050 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
1047 1051 #
1048 1052 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1049 1053 # scientific station since 1947
1050 1054 # no information
1051 1055
1052 1056 # Sudan
1053 1057 #
1054 1058 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1055 1059 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1056 1060 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1057 1061 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1058 1062 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1059 1063 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1060 1064 #
1061 1065 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1062 1066 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1063 1067 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1064 1068 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1065 1069 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1066 1070 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1067 1071 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1068 1072 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1069 1073 3:00 - EAT
1070 1074
1071 1075 # South Sudan
1072 1076 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1073 1077
1074 1078 # Swaziland
1075 1079 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
1076 1080
1077 1081 # Tanzania
1078 1082 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1079 1083
1080 1084 # Togo
1081 1085 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1082 1086
1083 1087 # Tunisia
1084 1088
1085 1089 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1086 1090 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1087 1091 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
1088 1092 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1089 1093 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1090 1094 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1091 1095 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1092 1096 # Saturday." (My translation)
1093 1097 #
1094 1098 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1095 1099 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1096 1100 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1097 1101 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1098 1102 # 1h standard time.
1099 1103 #
1100 1104 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1101 1105 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1102 1106 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1103 1107 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1104 1108 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1105 1109
1106 1110 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1107 1111 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1108 1112 # (Arabic)
1109 1113 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1110 1114 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1111 1115 #
1112 1116 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1113 1117 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1114 1118 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1115 1119
1116 1120 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1117 1121 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1118 1122 #
1119 1123 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1120 1124 #
1121 1125 # (in English)
1122 1126 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1123 1127 #
1124 1128 # (in Arabic)
1125 1129 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1126 1130
1127 1131 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1128 1132 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1129 1133 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1130 1134 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1131 1135 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1132 1136 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1133 1137
1134 1138 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1135 1139 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1136 1140 #
1137 1141 # (translation):
1138 1142 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1139 1143 # Sunday...
1140 1144 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1141 1145 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1142 1146 #
1143 1147 # (in Arabic)
1144 1148 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1145 1149 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1146 1150 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1147 1151
1148 1152 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1149 1153 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1150 1154 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1151 1155 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1152 1156 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
1153 1157 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
1154 1158 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1155 1159 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
1156 1160 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
1157 1161 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
1158 1162 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1159 1163 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1160 1164 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1161 1165 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1162 1166 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1163 1167 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
1164 1168 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1165 1169 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1166 1170 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1167 1171 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1168 1172 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1169 1173 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1170 1174 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1171 1175 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
1172 1176 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1173 1177 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1174 1178
1175 1179 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1176 1180 # more precise 0:09:21.
1177 1181 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1178 1182 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1179 1183 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
1180 1184 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1181 1185 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
1182 1186
1183 1187 # Uganda
1184 1188 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1185 1189
1186 1190 # Zambia
1187 1191 # Zimbabwe
1188 1192 # See Africa/Maputo.
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