1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
10 #
11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 #
16 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 #
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 #
27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30 #
31 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
32 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
33 #
34 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
35 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
36 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
37 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
38 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
39 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
40 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
41 # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
42 #
43 # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
44 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
45 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
46 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
47 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
48 #
49 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
50 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
51 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
52 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
53 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
54 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
55 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
56 # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
57 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
58 # until we get more information.
59 #
60 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
61 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
62 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
63 # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
64 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
65 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
66 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
67
68 # Algeria
69 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
70 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
71 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
72 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
73 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
74 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
75 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
76 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
77 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
78 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
79 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
80 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
81 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
82 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
83 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
84 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
85 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
86 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
102 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
104 1:00 - CET
105
106 # Angola
107 # Benin
108 # See Africa/Lagos.
109
110 # Botswana
111 # See Africa/Maputo.
112
113 # Burkina Faso
114 # See Africa/Abidjan.
115
116 # Burundi
117 # See Africa/Maputo.
118
119 # Cameroon
120 # See Africa/Lagos.
121
122 # Cape Verde
123 #
124 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
125 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
126 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
127 # merely made it official?
128 #
129 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
130 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
131 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
132 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
133 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
134 -1:00 - CVT
135
136 # Central African Republic
137 # See Africa/Lagos.
138
139 # Chad
140 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
141 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
142 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
143 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
144 1:00 - WAT
145
146 # Comoros
147 # See Africa/Nairobi.
148
149 # Democratic Republic of the Congo
150 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
151
152 # Republic of the Congo
153 # See Africa/Lagos.
154
371 # See Africa/Nairobi.
372
373 # Gabon
374 # See Africa/Lagos.
375
376 # Gambia
377 # See Africa/Abidjan.
378
379 # Ghana
380 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
381 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
382 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
383 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
384 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
385 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
386 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
387 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
388 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
389 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
390 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
391 0:00 Ghana %s
392
393 # Guinea
394 # See Africa/Abidjan.
395
396 # Guinea-Bissau
397 #
398 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
399 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
400 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
401 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
402 #
403 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
405 -1:00 - WAT 1975
406 0:00 - GMT
407
408 # Kenya
409 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
410 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
411 3:00 - EAT 1930
412 2:30 - BEAT 1940
413 2:45 - BEAUT 1960
414 3:00 - EAT
415 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
416 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
417 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
418 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
419 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
420 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
421 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
422 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
423 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
424
425 # Lesotho
426 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
427
428 # Liberia
429 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
430 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
431 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
432 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
433 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
434 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
435 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
436 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
437 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
438 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
439 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
440 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
441 0:00 - GMT
442
443 ###############################################################################
444
445 # Libya
446
447 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
448 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
449 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
450 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
451 #
452 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
453 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
454 #
455 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
456 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
457 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
458 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
459 # lastFri instead of lastSun).
460
579 #
580 # Some sources, in French:
581 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
582 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
583 #
584 # Our wrap-up:
585 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
586
587 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
588 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
589 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
590 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
591
592 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
593 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
594 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
595 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
596 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
597 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
598 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
599 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
600 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
601 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
602
603 # Mayotte
604 # See Africa/Nairobi.
605
606 # Morocco
607 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
608
609 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
610 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
611 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
612 #
613 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
614 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
615 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
616 #
617 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
618 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
619
898 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 -
899
900 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
901 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
902 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
903 1:00 - CET 1986
904 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
905
906 # Western Sahara
907 #
908 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
909 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
910 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
911 # Morocco does.
912 #
913 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
914 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
915 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
916
917 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
918 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
919 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
920
921 # Mozambique
922 #
923 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
924 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
925 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
926 # merely made it official?
927 #
928 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
929 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
930 2:00 - CAT
931 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
932 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
933 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
934 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
935 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
936 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
937 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
938
939 # Namibia
940 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
941 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
942
943 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
944 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
945 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
946 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
947 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
948 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
949 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
950 # of the country.
951 #
952 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
953 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
954 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
955
956 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
957 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
958 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
959 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
960 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
961 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
962 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
963 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
964 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
965 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
966 1:00 Namibia WA%sT
967
968 # Niger
969 # See Africa/Lagos.
970
971 # Nigeria
972 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
973 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
974 1:00 - WAT
975 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
976 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
977 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
978 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
979 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
980 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
981 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
982 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
983 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
984
985 # Réunion
986 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
987 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
988 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time
989 #
990 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
991 #
992 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
993 # The following information about them is taken from
994 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
995 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
996 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
997 #
998 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
999 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1000 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1001 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1002 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1003
1004 # Rwanda
1005 # See Africa/Maputo.
1006
1007 # St Helena
1008 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1009 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1010 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1011 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1012 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1013 # on GMT, says the CIA
1014 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1015
1016 # São Tomé and Príncipe
1017 # Senegal
1018 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1019
1020 # Seychelles
1021 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1022 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1023 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
1024 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1025 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1026 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1027 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1028 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1029 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1030
1031 # Sierra Leone
1032 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1033
1034 # Somalia
1035 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1036
1037 # South Africa
1038 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1039 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1040 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1041 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1042 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1043 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
|
1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20):
10 #
11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 #
16 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
17 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 #
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 #
27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30 #
31 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
32 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
33 #
34 # European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
35 # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
36 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
37 # for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
38 # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
39 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
40 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
41 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
42 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
43 #
44 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
45 # +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
46 # +02 CAT Central Africa Time
47 # +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time
48 # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
49 # +01 WAT West Africa Time
50 # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
51 # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
52 # cannot now come up with solid citations.
53 #
54 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
55 # +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time
56 # +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
57 # +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
58 # +03 EAT East Africa Time
59 # 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired
60 # with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
61
62 # Algeria
63 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
64 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
65 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
66 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
67 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
68 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
69 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
70 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
71 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
72 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
73 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
74 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
75 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
76 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
77 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
78 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
79 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
80 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
98 1:00 - CET
99
100 # Angola
101 # Benin
102 # See Africa/Lagos.
103
104 # Botswana
105 # See Africa/Maputo.
106
107 # Burkina Faso
108 # See Africa/Abidjan.
109
110 # Burundi
111 # See Africa/Maputo.
112
113 # Cameroon
114 # See Africa/Lagos.
115
116 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
117 #
118 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
119 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
120 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
121 # merely made it official?
122 #
123 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
124 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
125 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep
126 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15
127 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00
128 -1:00 - -01
129
130 # Central African Republic
131 # See Africa/Lagos.
132
133 # Chad
134 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
135 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
136 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
137 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
138 1:00 - WAT
139
140 # Comoros
141 # See Africa/Nairobi.
142
143 # Democratic Republic of the Congo
144 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
145
146 # Republic of the Congo
147 # See Africa/Lagos.
148
365 # See Africa/Nairobi.
366
367 # Gabon
368 # See Africa/Lagos.
369
370 # Gambia
371 # See Africa/Abidjan.
372
373 # Ghana
374 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
375 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
376 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
377 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
378 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
379 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
380 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
381 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
382 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
383 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
384 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
385 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020
386
387 # Guinea
388 # See Africa/Abidjan.
389
390 # Guinea-Bissau
391 #
392 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
393 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
394 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
395 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
396 #
397 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
398 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
399 -1:00 - -01 1975
400 0:00 - GMT
401
402 # Kenya
403 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
405 3:00 - EAT 1930
406 2:30 - +0230 1940
407 2:45 - +0245 1960
408 3:00 - EAT
409 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
410 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
411 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
412 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
413 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
414 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
415 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
416 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
417 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
418
419 # Lesotho
420 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
421
422 # Liberia
423 #
424 # From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):
425 #
426 # The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.
427 #
428 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UTC offset
429 # that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on
430 # 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
431 # Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
432 # President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
433 # Monrovia: Executive Mansion.
434 #
435 # Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric
436 # abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
437 #
438 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
439 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
440 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
441 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
442 0:00 - GMT
443
444 ###############################################################################
445
446 # Libya
447
448 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
449 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
450 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
451 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
452 #
453 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
454 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
455 #
456 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
457 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
458 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
459 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
460 # lastFri instead of lastSun).
461
580 #
581 # Some sources, in French:
582 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
583 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
584 #
585 # Our wrap-up:
586 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
587
588 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
589 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
590 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
591 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
592
593 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
594 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
595 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
596 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
597 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
598 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
599 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
600 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05
601 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
602 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
603
604 # Mayotte
605 # See Africa/Nairobi.
606
607 # Morocco
608 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
609
610 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
611 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
612 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
613 #
614 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
615 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
616 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
617 #
618 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
619 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
620
899 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 -
900
901 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
902 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
903 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
904 1:00 - CET 1986
905 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
906
907 # Western Sahara
908 #
909 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
910 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
911 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
912 # Morocco does.
913 #
914 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
915 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
916 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
917
918 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
919 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14
920 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
921
922 # Mozambique
923 #
924 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
925 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
926 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
927 # merely made it official?
928 #
929 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
930 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
931 2:00 - CAT
932 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
933 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
934 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
935 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
936 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
937 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
938 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
939
940 # Namibia
941 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
942 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
943
944 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
945 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
946 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
947 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
948 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
949 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
950 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
951 # of the country.
952 #
953 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
954 # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
955 # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
956 # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
957 # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
958 # http://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
959
960 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
961 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
962 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
963 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
964 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
965 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar
966 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
967 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
968 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
969 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
970 1:00 Namibia WA%sT
971
972 # Niger
973 # See Africa/Lagos.
974
975 # Nigeria
976 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
977 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
978 1:00 - WAT
979 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
980 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
981 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
982 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
983 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
984 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
985 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
986 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
987 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
988
989 # Réunion
990 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
991 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
992 4:00 - +04
993 #
994 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
995 #
996 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
997 # The following information about them is taken from
998 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
999 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1000 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
1001 #
1002 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1003 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1004 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1005 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1006 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1007
1008 # Rwanda
1009 # See Africa/Maputo.
1010
1011 # St Helena
1012 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1013 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1014 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1015 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1016 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1017 # on GMT, says the CIA
1018 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1019
1020 # São Tomé and Príncipe
1021 # Senegal
1022 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1023
1024 # Seychelles
1025 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1026 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1027 4:00 - +04
1028 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1029 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1030 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1031 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1032 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1033 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1034
1035 # Sierra Leone
1036 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1037
1038 # Somalia
1039 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1040
1041 # South Africa
1042 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1043 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1044 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1045 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1046 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1047 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
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