58 # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
59
60 #
61 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
62 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
63 # Corrections are welcome!
64 # std dst 2dst
65 # LMT Local Mean Time
66 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
67 # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
68 # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
69 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
70 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
71 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
72 # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
73 # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
74 # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
75 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
76 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
77 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
78 # 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)*
79 # 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Minsk, Moscow
80
81 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
82 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
83 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
84 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
85 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
86 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
87 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
88 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
89 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
90 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
91 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
92 # ...
93 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
94 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
95 # ...
96 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
97 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
98 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
99 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
566 #
567 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
568 #
569 # A small step for mankind though 8-)
570 Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
571 Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
572 Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
573 Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
574 Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
575 Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
576 Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
577
578 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
579 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
580 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
581 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
582 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
583 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
584 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
585
586 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
587 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
588 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
589 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
590 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
591 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
592 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD
593 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
594 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
595 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer
596 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
597 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
598 # Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
599 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
600 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
601 # Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
602 # Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
603 Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
604 Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
605 #
606 Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
607 Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
608 Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
609 Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
610 Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
611 # As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
612
613 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
614 # Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of
615 # Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the
616 # Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227.
617 #
618 # I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have
619 # title at http://base.garant.ru/70754136/ :
620 # "About change in calculation of time on the territories of
621 # Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan,
622 # Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts".
623 # And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to
624 # contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules
625 # of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov
626 # oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989:
627 # a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast:
628 # second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1);
629 # b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt
630 # rules (Moscow time)
631 # c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1).
632
633 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
634 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
635 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
636 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
637 #
638 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
639 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
640 #
641 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
642 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
643
644 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
645 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
646 # to be standard.
647
648 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
649
650 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
651 Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
652 Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
734 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
735 Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
736 Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
737 Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
738 Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
739 Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
740 Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
741 Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
742 Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
743 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
744 Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr
745 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
746 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
747 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
748 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
749 1:00 - CET 1946
750 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
751 1:00 EU CE%sT
752
753 # Belarus
754 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
755 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
756 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
757 #
758 # Sources (Russian language):
759 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
760 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
761 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
762 #
763 # From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
764 # Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
765 # http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
766 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-08):
767 # Hence Belarus can share time zone abbreviations with Moscow again.
768 #
769 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
770 Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
771 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
772 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
773 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
774 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
775 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
776 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
777 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
778 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
779 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
780 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
781 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 1:00s
782 3:00 - MSK
783
784 # Belgium
785 #
786 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
787 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
788 # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
789 # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
790 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
791 # pp 8-9.
792 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
793 # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
794 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
795 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
796 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
797 #
798 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
799 Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
800 Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
801 Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
802 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1270 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1271 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1272 1:00 EU CE%sT
1273
1274 # Germany
1275
1276 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
1277 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1278 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
1279 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
1280
1281 # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1282 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
1283 # http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
1284 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
1285
1286 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1287 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
1288 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
1289 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
1290 # this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
1291
1292
1293 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1294 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1295 Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1296 Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1297 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
1298 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
1299 # Go with the PTB.
1300 Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S
1301 Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
1302 Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
1303 Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1304 Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1305
1306 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1307 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
1308 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1309
1310 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1869 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1870 #
1871 # (2001-04-09):
1872 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1873 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1874 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1875 # actually followed.
1876 #
1877 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1878 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
1879 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1880 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1881 # adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1882 #
1883 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1884 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1885 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1886 # Amsterdam mean time.
1887
1888 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from
1889 # http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm
1890
1891 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1892 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1893 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1894 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1895 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1896 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1897 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
1898 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1899 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1900 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1901 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1902 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1903 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1904 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1905 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1906 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1907 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1908 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1909 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
2234 # According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
2235 # http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
2236 # the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
2237 # winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new
2238 # regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
2239 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
2240 # Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
2241 # 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
2242 # areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
2243 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
2244 #
2245 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
2246 # Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
2247 # http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
2248 # http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
2249 # http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
2250 # From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this:
2251 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
2252
2253 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2254 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
2255 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
2256 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
2257 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
2258 # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
2259 #
2260 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
2261 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
2262 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
2263 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
2264 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
2265 #
2266 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
2267 # 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
2268 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
2269 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
2270 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
2271 #
2272 # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
2273 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
2274 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
2310 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2311 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2312
2313 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2314 # http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni
2315 # confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented.
2316 # (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that
2317 # summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But
2318 # 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.)
2319 # ...
2320 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
2321 # says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided
2322 # at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to
2323 # Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19.
2324
2325 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
2326 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2327 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
2328 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2329 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2330 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2331 2:00 - EET
2332
2333
2334 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and
2335 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2336 # Europe/Moscow covers...
2337 # 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
2338 # 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
2339 # 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
2340 # 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
2341 # 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
2342 # 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
2343 # 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
2344 # 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
2345 # 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
2346 # 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
2347 # 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
2348 # 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
2349 # 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
2350 # 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
2363 # 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
2364 # 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
2365 # 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
2366 # 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
2367 # 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
2368 # 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
2369 # 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
2370 # 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
2371 # 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
2372 # 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
2373 # 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
2374 # 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
2375 # 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
2376 # 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
2377 # 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
2378 # 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
2379 # 77 RU-MOW Moscow
2380 # 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
2381 # 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2382
2383 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2384 # 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982.
2385 # Wikipedia refers to
2386 # http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html
2387 # http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm
2388 #
2389 # The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn
2390 # magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to
2391 # the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the
2392 # same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses
2393 # time belt changes map).
2394 #
2395 # The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to
2396 # introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt
2397 # border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous
2398 # Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka
2399 # according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that
2400 # "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time
2401 # belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on
2402 # 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was
2404 # hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01
2405 # is also provided.
2406 #
2407 # The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems
2408 # and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not
2409 # moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan,
2410 # Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian,
2411 # Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol
2412 # krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo,
2413 # Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and
2414 # Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky
2415 # district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous
2416 # Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end
2417 # up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow
2418 # time.
2419 #
2420 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
2421 # attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers
2422 # of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds
2423 # Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky
2424 # district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okurg. Probably erroneously.
2425 #
2426 # The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow,
2427 # Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk.
2428 #
2429 # 12. Udmurtia
2430 # The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i
2431 # Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from
2432 # Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act.
2433 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
2434 # implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01.
2435 # Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991.
2436 #
2437 # ...
2438 #
2439 # All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at
2440 # 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1
2441 # change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia).
2442 #
2443 # There were some exceptions, though.
2444 # Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd,
2464 # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
2465 # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
2466 # Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
2467 # LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
2468 # (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
2469 # The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
2470 # Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
2471 # was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
2472 # coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
2473 # 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
2474 # 2:31:19 ...
2475 #
2476 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
2477 # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
2478 # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
2479 # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
2480 # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
2481
2482 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
2483 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
2484 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2485 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
2486 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2487 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2488 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2489 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2490 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2491 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2492 3:00 - MSK
2493
2494
2495 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2496 # Europe/Simferopol covers...
2497 # ** **** Crimea, Republic of
2498 # ** **** Sevastopol
2499
2500 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2501 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2502 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2503 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2504 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2547 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2548 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
2549
2550 Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May
2551 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2552 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2553 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2554 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2555 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2556 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2557 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2558 4:00 - +04
2559
2560 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2561 # Europe/Volgograd covers:
2562 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2563 # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2564 # The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
2565
2566 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2567 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
2568 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
2569 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11
2570 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1988 Mar 27 2:00s # Volgograd T
2571 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2572 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2573 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2574 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2575 3:00 - MSK
2576
2577 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2578 # Europe/Kirov covers:
2579 # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2580 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2581 #
2582 # Europe/Kirov is still in draft form and for now is commented out.
2583 #
2584 #Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2585 # 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2586 # 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2587 # 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2588 # 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2589 # 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2590 # 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2591 # 3:00 - +03
2592
2593 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2594 # Europe/Samara covers...
2595 # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
2596 # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
2597
2598 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2599 # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
2600 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2601
2602 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2603 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samara Time
2604 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
2605 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
2606 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2607 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2608 3:00 - SAMT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
2609 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2610 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2611 4:00 - SAMT
2612
2613 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2614 # Europe/Ulyanovsk covers:
2615 # 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
2616
2617 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2618
2619 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
2620 # Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am.
2621 # Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ...
2622 # 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading.
2623 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2624 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051
2625
2626 Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2627 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2628 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2629 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2630 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2631 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2632 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2633 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2634 4:00 - +04
2635
2636 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2637 # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
2638 # 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
2639 # 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
2640 # 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
2641 # 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
2642 # 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
2643 # 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
2644 # 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
2645 # 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
2646 # 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2647 #
2648 # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
2649 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
2650
2651 # Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
2652 # Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
2653 # Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
2654 # The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
2655
2656 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3
2657 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
2658 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
2659 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2660 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2661 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2662 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2663 5:00 - YEKT
2664
2665
2666 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2667 # Asia/Omsk covers...
2668 # 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
2669
2670 # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
2671
2672 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
2673 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
2674 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2675 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2676 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2677 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2678 6:00 - OMST
2679
2680 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
2681 # Asia/Barnaul covers:
2682 # 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
2683 # 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
2684
2685 # Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2686
2687 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2688 # Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
2689 # http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
2690 # suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
2691 # 1995-05-28.
2692 #
2693 # http://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
2694 # has some historical data for Altai Krai:
2695 # before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7
2696 # after 1957: UTC+7
2697 # since 1995: UTC+6
2698 # http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
2704 # Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ...
2705 # Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7)
2706 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2707 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043
2708 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038
2709
2710 Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10
2711 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2712 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2713 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2714 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28
2715 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2716 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2717 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2718 7:00 - +07
2719
2720 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2721 # Asia/Novosibirsk covers:
2722 # 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
2723
2724 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
2725 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
2726 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2727 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2728 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
2729 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2730 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2731 6:00 - NOVT
2732
2733 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2734 # Asia/Tomsk covers:
2735 # 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
2736 #
2737 # Asia/Tomsk is still in draft form and for now is commented out.
2738 # Tomsk may be changing time zones in 2016 (not decided yet).
2739
2740 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
2741 # Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow.
2742
2743 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19):
2744 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743
2745 # (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time)
2746 # / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ...
2747 # Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their
2748 # GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally
2749 # belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced
2750 # with time zones in 2011 with different numberings (there was a
2751 # 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014).
2752
2753 #Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 22
2754 # 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2755 # 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2756 # 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2757 # 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00
2758 # 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2759 # 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2760 # 6:00 - +06
2761
2762
2763 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2764 # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
2765 # 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
2766
2767 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
2768 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
2769 # March 28, 2010:
2770 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
2771 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
2772 #
2773 # This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September
2774 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
2775 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
2776 #
2777 # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
2778 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
2779 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
2780 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
2781 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
2782 #
2783 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
2784 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
2785
2786 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2787 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
2788 # realigning itself with KRAT.
2789
2790 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1
2791 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
2792 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2793 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2794 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2795 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk
2796 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2797 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time
2798
2799
2800 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2801 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
2802 # 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
2803 # 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
2804 # 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
2805 #
2806 # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
2807 # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
2808
2809 # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
2810
2811 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
2812 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
2813 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2814 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2815 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2816 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2817 7:00 - KRAT
2818
2819
2820 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2821 # Asia/Irkutsk covers...
2822 # 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
2823 # 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
2824 #
2825 # Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
2826 # merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
2827
2828 # Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15.
2829 # Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05.
2830 # Go with Byalokoz.
2831
2832 Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880
2833 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
2834 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
2835 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2836 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2837 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2838 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2839 8:00 - IRKT
2840
2841
2842 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2843 # Asia/Chita covers...
2844 # 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
2845 #
2846 # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
2847 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
2848
2849 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02):
2850 # [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) -
2851 # Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will
2852 # be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am....
2853 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107
2854
2855 Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2856 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2857 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2858 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2859 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2860 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2861 8:00 - IRKT 2016 Mar 27 2:00
2862 9:00 - YAKT
2863
2864
2865 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2866 # Asia/Yakutsk covers...
2867 # 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
2868 #
2869 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2870 # 14-02 **** Aldansky District
2871 # 14-04 **** Amginsky District
2872 # 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
2873 # 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
2874 # 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
2875 # 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District
2876 # 14-11 **** Gorny District
2877 # 14-12 **** Zhigansky District
2878 # 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District
2879 # 14-14 **** Lensky District
2880 # 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District
2881 # 14-16 **** Mirninsky District
2882 # 14-18 **** Namsky District
2883 # 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District
2884 # 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District
2885 # 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District
2886 # 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District
2887 # 14-26 **** Suntarsky District
2888 # 14-27 **** Tattinsky District
2889 # 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District
2890 # 14-32 **** Khangalassky District
2891 # 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District
2892 # 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
2893
2894 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2895 # Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
2896 # Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
2897 # Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
2898
2899 # Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
2900
2901 Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2902 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2903 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2904 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2905 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2906 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2907 9:00 - YAKT
2908
2909
2910 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2911 # Asia/Vladivostok covers...
2912 # 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
2913 # 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
2914 # 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
2915 #
2916 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2917 # 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District
2918 # 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District
2919
2920 # Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5.
2921 # Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31.
2922 # Go with Byalokoz.
2923
2924 Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
2925 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
2926 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2927 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2928 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2929 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2930 10:00 - VLAT
2931
2932
2933 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2934 # Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2935 # 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
2936 # 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
2937
2938 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2939 # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
2940 # in 2011.
2941
2942 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
2943 # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
2944 # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
2945 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
2946
2947 Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2948 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2949 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2950 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2951 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004
2952 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2953 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
2954 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2955 9:00 - YAKT
2956
2957
2958 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2959 # Asia/Sakhalin covers...
2960 # 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
2961 # ...with the exception of:
2962 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
2963
2964 # From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22):
2965 # Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
2966 # (2016-03-09):
2967 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044
2968
2969 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
2970 Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
2971 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
2972 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
2973 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T
2974 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2975 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
2976 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2977 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2978 10:00 - SAKT 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2979 11:00 - SAKT
2980
2981
2982 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2983 # Asia/Magadan covers...
2984 # 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
2985
2986 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2987 # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
2988 # several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
2989 # the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
2990 # until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
2991 # need their own zone.
2992
2993 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-03):
2994 # Magadan Oblast / Magadan (draft bill date of entry 2015-12-08),
2995 # UTC+10 to UTC+11
2996 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-17):
2997 # The bill is currently proposed to be approved in both the second and
2998 # the third readings on 2016-03-22. It might be in time to be approved
2999 # by the Federation Council on 2016-03-23.
3000
3001 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
3002 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
3003 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3004 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3005 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3006 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3007 10:00 - MAGT
3008 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
3009 # If the bill passes as-is, replace the previous data line with:
3010 # 10:00 - MAGT 2016 Apr 24 2:00s
3011 # 11:00 - MAGT
3012 # and update zone1970.tab and zone.tab to say "MSK+08" for Asia/Magadan.
3013
3014
3015 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
3016 # Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
3017 # 14-01 **** Abyysky District
3018 # 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
3019 # 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
3020 # 14-17 **** Momsky District
3021 # 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
3022 # 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District
3023 #
3024 # ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
3025 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
3026
3027 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
3028 # Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
3029 # most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
3030 # 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
3031 # of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
3032 # Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
3035 # Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
3036 # There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
3037 # Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
3038 #
3039 # Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
3040 # districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
3041 # lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
3042 # each! (Yikes!)
3043 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
3044 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
3045 # Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
3046 #
3047 # Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
3048 # fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
3049 # 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
3050 # recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of
3051 # http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
3052 # in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
3053 # settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
3054 # Go with Srednekolymsk.
3055 #
3056 # Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT
3057 # as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead.
3058
3059 Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
3060 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
3061 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3062 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3063 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3064 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3065 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time
3066
3067
3068 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3069 # Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
3070 # 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
3071
3072 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
3073 # Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
3074 # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
3075 #
3076 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
3077 # It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
3078 # as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
3079 # Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
3080 # UTC+12 since at least then, too.
3081
3082 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
3083 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
3084 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1
3085 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3086 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3087 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3088 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
3089 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3090 10:00 - VLAT
3091
3092
3093 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
3094 # Asia/Kamchatka covers...
3095 # 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
3096 #
3097 # Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
3098 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
3099
3100 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
3101 # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
3102 Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
3103 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
3104 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3105 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3106 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
3107 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3108 12:00 - PETT
3109
3110
3111 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3112 # Asia/Anadyr covers...
3113 # 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
3114
3115 Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
3116 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
3117 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
3118 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3119 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3120 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
3121 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3122 12:00 - ANAT
3123
3124
3125 # San Marino
3126 # See Europe/Rome.
3127
3128 # Serbia
3129 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3130 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
3131 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
3132 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
3133 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
3134 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
3135 # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
3136 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
3137 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
3138 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
3139 1:00 EU CE%sT
3140 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
3141 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
3142 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
3361 # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
3362 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
3363 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
3364 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
3365 # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
3366 # (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
3367 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
3368 # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
3369
3370 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3371 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3372 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3373 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3374 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
3375 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
3376 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
3377 1:00 EU CE%sT
3378
3379 # Turkey
3380
3381 # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
3382 # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
3383 # ... The latest rules are available at:
3384 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
3385 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
3386 # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
3387 # DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure
3388 # what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
3389 # http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm
3390 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT
3391 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM
3392 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016
3393 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021
3394 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027
3395 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):
3396 # Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.
3397
3398 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
3399 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
3400 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
3401 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
3402 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
3403 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
3404 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
3405 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
3406 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
3407
3408 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
3409 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
3410 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
3411 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
3412 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
3413 # Turkish:
3414 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
3415
3416 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3423 # I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
3424 # change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
3425 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
3426 # The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
3427 # change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See:
3428 # Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
3429 # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
3430 # I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
3431
3432 # From Fatih (2015-09-29):
3433 # It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy.
3434 # Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00
3435 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217
3436 #
3437 # From BBC News (2015-10-25):
3438 # Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a
3439 # government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan
3440 # Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan.
3441 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326
3442
3443 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3444 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3445 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3446 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
3447 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
3448 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
3449 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
3450 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3451 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3452 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
3453 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3454 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
3455 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3456 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3457 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
3458 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
3459 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
3460 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
3461 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3462 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
3477 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
3478 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3479 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
3480 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
3481 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
3482 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
3483 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
3484 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
3485 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
3486 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
3487 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3488 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3489 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
3490 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
3491 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
3492 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
3493 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
3494 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
3495 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
3496 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3497 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
3498 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
3499 Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3500 Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3501 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3502 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3503 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
3504 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
3505 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
3506 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
3507 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
3508 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
3509 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
3510 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
3511 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
3512 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u
3513 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u
3514 2:00 EU EE%sT
3515 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
3516
3517 # Ukraine
3518 #
3519 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
3520 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
3521 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government
3522 # regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
3523 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
3524 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
3525 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
3526
3527 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
3528 # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
3529 # abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
3530 #
3531 # Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
3532 # approval from 266 deputies.
3533 #
3534 # Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
|
58 # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
59
60 #
61 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
62 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
63 # Corrections are welcome!
64 # std dst 2dst
65 # LMT Local Mean Time
66 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
67 # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
68 # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
69 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
70 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
71 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
72 # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
73 # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
74 # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
75 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
76 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
77 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
78 # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
79
80 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
81 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
82 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
83 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
84 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
85 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
86 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
87 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
88 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
89 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
90 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
91 # ...
92 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
93 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
94 # ...
95 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
96 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
97 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
98 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
565 #
566 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
567 #
568 # A small step for mankind though 8-)
569 Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
570 Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
571 Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
572 Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
573 Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
574 Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
575 Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
576
577 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
578 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
579 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
580 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
581 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
582 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
583 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
584
585
586 # Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union
587 #
588 # The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23).
589
590 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
591 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
592 #
593 # Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137
594 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
595 #
596 # Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001
597 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
598 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
599 #
600 # Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949
601 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
602 #
603 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 0:00u 1:00 MSD
604 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
605 #
606 # Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840
607 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
608 #
609 # Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949
610 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 +05
611 #
612 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
613 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
614 # Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
615 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
616 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
617 # Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
618 # Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
619 Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
620 Rule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
621 #
622 Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
623 # As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
624
625 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
626 # Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of
627 # Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the
628 # Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227.
629 #
630 # I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have
631 # title at http://base.garant.ru/70754136/ :
632 # "About change in calculation of time on the territories of
633 # Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan,
634 # Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts".
635 # And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to
636 # contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules
637 # of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov
638 # oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989:
639 # a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast:
640 # second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1);
641 # b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt
642 # rules (Moscow time)
643 # c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1).
644
645 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
646 # Unamended version of the act of the
647 # Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992
648 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0
649 # says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday
650 # of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September
651 # at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October.
652
653 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
654 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
655 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
656 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
657 #
658 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
659 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
660 #
661 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
662 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
663
664 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
665 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
666 # to be standard.
667
668 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
669
670 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
671 Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
672 Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
754 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
755 Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
756 Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
757 Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
758 Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
759 Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
760 Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
761 Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
762 Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
763 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
764 Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr
765 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
766 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
767 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
768 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
769 1:00 - CET 1946
770 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
771 1:00 EU CE%sT
772
773 # Belarus
774 #
775 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02):
776 # http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm
777 # (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from
778 # 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00
779 # on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September
780 # (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations).
781 #
782 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
783 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
784 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
785 #
786 # Sources (Russian language):
787 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
788 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
789 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
790 #
791 # From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
792 # Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
793 # http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
794 #
795 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
796 Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
797 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
798 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
799 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
800 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
801 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
802 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
803 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
804 3:00 - +03
805
806 # Belgium
807 #
808 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
809 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
810 # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
811 # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
812 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
813 # pp 8-9.
814 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
815 # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
816 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
817 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
818 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
819 #
820 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
821 Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
822 Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
823 Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
824 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1292 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1293 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1294 1:00 EU CE%sT
1295
1296 # Germany
1297
1298 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
1299 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1300 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
1301 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
1302
1303 # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1304 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
1305 # http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
1306 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
1307
1308 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1309 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
1310 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
1311 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
1312 # this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04.
1313
1314
1315 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1316 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1317 Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1318 Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1319 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
1320 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
1321 # Go with the PTB.
1322 Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S
1323 Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
1324 Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
1325 Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1326 Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1327
1328 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1329 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
1330 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1331
1332 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1891 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1892 #
1893 # (2001-04-09):
1894 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1895 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1896 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1897 # actually followed.
1898 #
1899 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1900 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
1901 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1902 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1903 # adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1904 #
1905 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1906 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1907 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1908 # Amsterdam mean time.
1909
1910 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from
1911 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm
1912
1913 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1914 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1915 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1916 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1917 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1918 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1919 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
1920 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1921 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1922 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1923 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1924 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1925 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1926 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1927 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1928 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1929 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1930 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1931 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
2256 # According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
2257 # http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
2258 # the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
2259 # winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new
2260 # regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
2261 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
2262 # Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
2263 # 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
2264 # areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
2265 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
2266 #
2267 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
2268 # Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
2269 # http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
2270 # http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
2271 # http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
2272 # From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this:
2273 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
2274
2275 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2276 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
2277 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
2278 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
2279 # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
2280 #
2281 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
2282 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
2283 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
2284 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
2285 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
2286 #
2287 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
2288 # 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
2289 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
2290 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
2291 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
2292 #
2293 # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
2294 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
2295 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
2331 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2332 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2333
2334 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2335 # http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni
2336 # confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented.
2337 # (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that
2338 # summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But
2339 # 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.)
2340 # ...
2341 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
2342 # says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided
2343 # at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to
2344 # Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19.
2345
2346 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
2347 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2348 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
2349 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2350 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2351 3:00 - +03 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2352 2:00 - EET
2353
2354
2355 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and
2356 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2357 # Europe/Moscow covers...
2358 # 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
2359 # 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
2360 # 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
2361 # 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
2362 # 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
2363 # 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
2364 # 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
2365 # 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
2366 # 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
2367 # 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
2368 # 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
2369 # 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
2370 # 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
2371 # 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
2384 # 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
2385 # 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
2386 # 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
2387 # 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
2388 # 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
2389 # 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
2390 # 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
2391 # 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
2392 # 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
2393 # 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
2394 # 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
2395 # 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
2396 # 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
2397 # 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
2398 # 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
2399 # 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
2400 # 77 RU-MOW Moscow
2401 # 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
2402 # 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2403
2404 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
2405 # The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919. Decree No. 59
2406 # (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time
2407 # zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854
2408 # specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT.
2409 # No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date;
2410 # later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are
2411 # taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks.
2412 # (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.)
2413
2414 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2415 # 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982.
2416 # Wikipedia refers to
2417 # http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html
2418 # http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm
2419 #
2420 # The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn
2421 # magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to
2422 # the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the
2423 # same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses
2424 # time belt changes map).
2425 #
2426 # The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to
2427 # introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt
2428 # border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous
2429 # Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka
2430 # according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that
2431 # "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time
2432 # belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on
2433 # 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was
2435 # hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01
2436 # is also provided.
2437 #
2438 # The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems
2439 # and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not
2440 # moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan,
2441 # Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian,
2442 # Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol
2443 # krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo,
2444 # Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and
2445 # Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky
2446 # district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous
2447 # Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end
2448 # up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow
2449 # time.
2450 #
2451 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
2452 # attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers
2453 # of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds
2454 # Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky
2455 # district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. Probably erroneously.
2456 #
2457 # The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow,
2458 # Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk.
2459 #
2460 # 12. Udmurtia
2461 # The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i
2462 # Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from
2463 # Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act.
2464 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
2465 # implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01.
2466 # Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991.
2467 #
2468 # ...
2469 #
2470 # All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at
2471 # 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1
2472 # change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia).
2473 #
2474 # There were some exceptions, though.
2475 # Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd,
2495 # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
2496 # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
2497 # Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
2498 # LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
2499 # (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
2500 # The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
2501 # Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
2502 # was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
2503 # coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
2504 # 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
2505 # 2:31:19 ...
2506 #
2507 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
2508 # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
2509 # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
2510 # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
2511 # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
2512
2513 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
2514 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
2515 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2516 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
2517 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2518 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2519 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2520 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2521 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2522 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2523 3:00 - MSK
2524
2525
2526 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2527 # Europe/Simferopol covers...
2528 # ** **** Crimea, Republic of
2529 # ** **** Sevastopol
2530
2531 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2532 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2533 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2534 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2535 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2578 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2579 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
2580
2581 Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May
2582 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2583 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2584 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2585 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2586 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2587 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2588 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2589 4:00 - +04
2590
2591 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2592 # Europe/Volgograd covers:
2593 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2594 # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2595 # The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
2596
2597 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2598 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2599 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11
2600 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
2601 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2602 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2603 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2604 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2605 3:00 - +03
2606
2607 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2608 # Europe/Kirov covers:
2609 # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2610 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2611 #
2612 Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2613 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2614 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2615 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2616 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2617 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2618 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2619 3:00 - +03
2620
2621 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2622 # Europe/Samara covers...
2623 # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
2624 # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
2625
2626 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2627 # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
2628 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2629
2630 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2631 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2632 4:00 - +04 1935 Jan 27
2633 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2634 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2635 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2636 3:00 - +03 1991 Oct 20 3:00
2637 4:00 Russia +04/+05 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2638 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2639 4:00 - +04
2640
2641 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2642 # Europe/Ulyanovsk covers:
2643 # 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
2644
2645 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2646
2647 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
2648 # Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am.
2649 # Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ...
2650 # 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading.
2651 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2652 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051
2653
2654 Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2655 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2656 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2657 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2658 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2659 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2660 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2661 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2662 4:00 - +04
2663
2664 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2665 # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
2666 # 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
2667 # 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
2668 # 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
2669 # 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
2670 # 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
2671 # 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
2672 # 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
2673 # 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
2674 # 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2675 #
2676 # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
2677 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
2678
2679 # Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
2680 # Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
2681 # Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
2682 # The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
2683
2684 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3
2685 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
2686 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2687 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2688 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2689 5:00 Russia +05/+06 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2690 6:00 - +06 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2691 5:00 - +05
2692
2693
2694 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2695 # Asia/Omsk covers...
2696 # 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
2697
2698 # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
2699
2700 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
2701 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2702 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2703 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2704 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2705 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2706 6:00 - +06
2707
2708 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
2709 # Asia/Barnaul covers:
2710 # 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
2711 # 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
2712
2713 # Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2714
2715 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2716 # Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
2717 # http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
2718 # suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
2719 # 1995-05-28.
2720 #
2721 # http://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
2722 # has some historical data for Altai Krai:
2723 # before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7
2724 # after 1957: UTC+7
2725 # since 1995: UTC+6
2726 # http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
2732 # Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ...
2733 # Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7)
2734 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2735 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043
2736 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038
2737
2738 Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10
2739 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2740 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2741 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2742 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28
2743 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2744 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2745 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2746 7:00 - +07
2747
2748 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2749 # Asia/Novosibirsk covers:
2750 # 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
2751
2752 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30):
2753 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6
2754 # moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7.
2755 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04):
2756 # The law was signed yesterday and published today on
2757 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064
2758
2759 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
2760 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2761 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2762 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2763 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
2764 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2765 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2766 6:00 - +06 2016 Jul 24 2:00s
2767 7:00 - +07
2768
2769 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2770 # Asia/Tomsk covers:
2771 # 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
2772
2773 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24):
2774 # Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51.
2775
2776 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
2777 # Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow.
2778
2779 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19):
2780 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743
2781 # (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time)
2782 # / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ...
2783 # Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their
2784 # GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally
2785 # belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced
2786 # with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a
2787 # 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014).
2788
2789 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12):
2790 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6
2791 # This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast
2792 # from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at
2793 # 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by
2794 # the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President
2795 # and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected
2796 # before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the
2797 # recent changes).
2798 #
2799 # Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws,
2800 # the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule
2801 # http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/
2802 # http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303
2803 # I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the
2804 # bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday,
2805 # approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and
2806 # published as a law around 2016-04-26.
2807
2808 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26):
2809 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048
2810
2811 Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22
2812 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2813 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2814 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2815 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00
2816 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2817 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2818 6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s
2819 7:00 - +07
2820
2821
2822 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2823 # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
2824 # 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
2825
2826 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
2827 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
2828 # March 28, 2010:
2829 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
2830 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
2831 #
2832 # This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September
2833 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
2834 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
2835 #
2836 # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
2837 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
2838 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
2839 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
2840 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
2841 #
2842 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
2843 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
2844
2845 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2846 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
2847 # realigning itself with KRAT.
2848
2849 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1
2850 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2851 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2852 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2853 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2854 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2855 7:00 - +07
2856
2857 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2858 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
2859 # 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
2860 # 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
2861 # 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
2862 #
2863 # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
2864 # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
2865
2866 # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
2867
2868 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
2869 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2870 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2871 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2872 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2873 8:00 - +08 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2874 7:00 - +07
2875
2876
2877 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2878 # Asia/Irkutsk covers...
2879 # 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
2880 # 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
2881 #
2882 # Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
2883 # merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
2884
2885 # Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15.
2886 # Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05.
2887 # Go with Byalokoz.
2888
2889 Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880
2890 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
2891 7:00 - +07 1930 Jun 21
2892 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2893 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2894 8:00 Russia +08/+09 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2895 9:00 - +09 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2896 8:00 - +08
2897
2898
2899 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2900 # Asia/Chita covers...
2901 # 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
2902 #
2903 # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
2904 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
2905
2906 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02):
2907 # [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) -
2908 # Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will
2909 # be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am....
2910 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107
2911
2912 Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2913 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
2914 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2915 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2916 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2917 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2918 8:00 - +08 2016 Mar 27 2:00
2919 9:00 - +09
2920
2921
2922 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2923 # Asia/Yakutsk covers...
2924 # 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
2925 #
2926 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2927 # 14-02 **** Aldansky District
2928 # 14-04 **** Amginsky District
2929 # 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
2930 # 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
2931 # 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
2932 # 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District
2933 # 14-11 **** Gorny District
2934 # 14-12 **** Zhigansky District
2935 # 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District
2936 # 14-14 **** Lensky District
2937 # 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District
2938 # 14-16 **** Mirninsky District
2939 # 14-18 **** Namsky District
2940 # 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District
2941 # 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District
2942 # 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District
2943 # 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District
2944 # 14-26 **** Suntarsky District
2945 # 14-27 **** Tattinsky District
2946 # 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District
2947 # 14-32 **** Khangalassky District
2948 # 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District
2949 # 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
2950
2951 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2952 # Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
2953 # Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
2954 # Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
2955
2956 # Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
2957
2958 Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2959 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
2960 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2961 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2962 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2963 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2964 9:00 - +09
2965
2966
2967 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2968 # Asia/Vladivostok covers...
2969 # 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
2970 # 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
2971 # 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
2972 #
2973 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2974 # 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District
2975 # 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District
2976
2977 # Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5.
2978 # Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31.
2979 # Go with Byalokoz.
2980
2981 Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
2982 9:00 - +09 1930 Jun 21
2983 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2984 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2985 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2986 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2987 10:00 - +10
2988
2989
2990 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2991 # Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2992 # 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
2993 # 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
2994
2995 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2996 # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
2997 # in 2011.
2998
2999 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
3000 # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
3001 # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
3002 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
3003
3004 Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
3005 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
3006 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3007 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3008 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2004
3009 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3010 11:00 - +11 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
3011 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3012 9:00 - +09
3013
3014
3015 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3016 # Asia/Sakhalin covers...
3017 # 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
3018 # ...with the exception of:
3019 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
3020
3021 # From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22):
3022 # Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
3023 # (2016-03-09):
3024 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044
3025
3026 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
3027 Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
3028 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 25
3029 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T
3030 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3031 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
3032 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3033 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3034 10:00 - +10 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
3035 11:00 - +11
3036
3037
3038 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
3039 # Asia/Magadan covers...
3040 # 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
3041
3042 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
3043 # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
3044 # several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
3045 # the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
3046 # until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
3047 # need their own zone.
3048
3049 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27):
3050 # ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
3051 # will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock
3052 #
3053 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05):
3054 # ... signed by the President today ...
3055 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038
3056
3057 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
3058 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
3059 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3060 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3061 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3062 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3063 10:00 - +10 2016 Apr 24 2:00s
3064 11:00 - +11
3065
3066
3067 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
3068 # Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
3069 # 14-01 **** Abyysky District
3070 # 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
3071 # 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
3072 # 14-17 **** Momsky District
3073 # 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
3074 # 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District
3075 #
3076 # ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
3077 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
3078
3079 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
3080 # Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
3081 # most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
3082 # 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
3083 # of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
3084 # Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
3087 # Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
3088 # There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
3089 # Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
3090 #
3091 # Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
3092 # districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
3093 # lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
3094 # each! (Yikes!)
3095 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
3096 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
3097 # Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
3098 #
3099 # Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
3100 # fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
3101 # 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
3102 # recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of
3103 # http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
3104 # in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
3105 # settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
3106 # Go with Srednekolymsk.
3107
3108 Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
3109 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21
3110 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3111 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3112 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3113 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3114 11:00 - +11
3115
3116
3117 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3118 # Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
3119 # 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
3120
3121 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
3122 # Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
3123 # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
3124 #
3125 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
3126 # It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
3127 # as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
3128 # Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
3129 # UTC+12 since at least then, too.
3130
3131 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
3132 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
3133 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1981 Apr 1
3134 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3135 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3136 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3137 12:00 - +12 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
3138 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3139 10:00 - +10
3140
3141
3142 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
3143 # Asia/Kamchatka covers...
3144 # 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
3145 #
3146 # Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
3147 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
3148
3149 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
3150 # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
3151 Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
3152 11:00 - +11 1930 Jun 21
3153 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3154 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3155 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
3156 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3157 12:00 - +12
3158
3159
3160 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3161 # Asia/Anadyr covers...
3162 # 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
3163
3164 Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
3165 12:00 - +12 1930 Jun 21
3166 13:00 Russia +13/+14 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
3167 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3168 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3169 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
3170 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3171 12:00 - +12
3172
3173
3174 # San Marino
3175 # See Europe/Rome.
3176
3177 # Serbia
3178 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3179 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
3180 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
3181 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
3182 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
3183 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
3184 # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
3185 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
3186 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
3187 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
3188 1:00 EU CE%sT
3189 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
3190 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
3191 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
3410 # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
3411 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
3412 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
3413 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
3414 # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
3415 # (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
3416 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
3417 # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
3418
3419 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3420 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3421 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3422 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3423 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
3424 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
3425 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
3426 1:00 EU CE%sT
3427
3428 # Turkey
3429
3430 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25):
3431 # 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with
3432 # no exceptions.
3433 # 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ...
3434 # Here are official papers:
3435 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf - page 2 for 1986
3436 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf - page 4 for 1987
3437 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf - page 15 for 1988
3438 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf - page 6 for 1989
3439 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf - page 1 for 1990 - 1992
3440 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf - page 15 for 1993 - 1995
3441 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf - page 1 for overriding 1994
3442 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf - page 1 for 1996, 1997
3443 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf - page 10 for 1998 - 2000
3444 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001
3445 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006
3446 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25):
3447 # Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1985.
3448
3449 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
3450 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
3451 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
3452 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
3453 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
3454 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
3455 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
3456 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
3457 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
3458
3459 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
3460 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
3461 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
3462 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
3463 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
3464 # Turkish:
3465 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
3466
3467 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3474 # I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
3475 # change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
3476 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
3477 # The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
3478 # change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See:
3479 # Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
3480 # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
3481 # I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
3482
3483 # From Fatih (2015-09-29):
3484 # It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy.
3485 # Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00
3486 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217
3487 #
3488 # From BBC News (2015-10-25):
3489 # Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a
3490 # government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan
3491 # Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan.
3492 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326
3493
3494 # From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08):
3495 # Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter....
3496 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf
3497 #
3498 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07):
3499 # The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey.
3500 # It takes effect today, which is not much notice.
3501
3502 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3503 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3504 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3505 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
3506 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
3507 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
3508 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
3509 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3510 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3511 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
3512 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3513 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
3514 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3515 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3516 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
3517 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
3518 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
3519 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
3520 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3521 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
3536 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
3537 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3538 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
3539 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
3540 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
3541 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
3542 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
3543 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
3544 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
3545 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
3546 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3547 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3548 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
3549 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
3550 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
3551 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
3552 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
3553 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
3554 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
3555 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3556 Rule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3557 Rule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3558 Rule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S
3559 Rule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3560 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3561 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3562 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
3563 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
3564 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
3565 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1985 Apr 20
3566 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
3567 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
3568 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
3569 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
3570 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
3571 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u
3572 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u
3573 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7
3574 3:00 - +03
3575 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
3576
3577 # Ukraine
3578 #
3579 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
3580 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
3581 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government
3582 # regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
3583 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
3584 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
3585 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
3586
3587 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
3588 # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
3589 # abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
3590 #
3591 # Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
3592 # approval from 266 deputies.
3593 #
3594 # Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
|