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--- old/usr/src/cmd/zic/asia
+++ new/usr/src/cmd/zic/asia
1 1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3 3
4 4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8 8
9 9 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
10 10 #
11 11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 15 #
16 16 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17 17 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18 18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 22 #
23 23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 26 #
27 27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 29 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30 30 #
31 31 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
32 32 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
33 33 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
34 34 #
35 35 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
36 36 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
37 37 #
38 38 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
39 39 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
40 40 # Corrections are welcome!
41 41 # std dst
42 42 # LMT Local Mean Time
43 43 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
44 44 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
45 45 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
46 46 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran*
47 47 # 4:00 GST Gulf*
48 48 # 5:30 IST India
49 49 # 7:00 ICT Indochina, most times and locations*
50 50 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
51 51 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
52 52 # 8:00 CST China
53 53 # 8:00 IDT Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)*
54 54 # 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
55 55 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830*
56 56 # 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
57 57 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
58 58 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
59 59 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
60 60 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
61 61 #
62 62 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
63 63
64 64 # From Guy Harris:
65 65 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
66 66 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
67 67 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
68 68 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
69 69
70 70 ###############################################################################
71 71
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72 72 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
73 73 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
74 74 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
75 75 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
76 76 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
77 77 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
78 78 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
79 79 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
80 80 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
81 81 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
82 -Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
83 -Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
84 -Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
85 -Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
86 -Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
87 -Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
88 -Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
82 +Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
83 +Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2011 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
84 +Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2011 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
89 85
90 86 # Afghanistan
91 87 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
92 88 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
93 89 4:00 - AFT 1945
94 90 4:30 - AFT
95 91
96 92 # Armenia
97 93 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
98 94 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
99 95 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
100 96 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
101 97 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
102 98 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
103 99 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
104 100 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
105 101 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
106 102
107 103 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
108 104 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
109 105 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
110 106
111 107 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
112 108 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
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113 109 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
114 110 #
115 111 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
116 112 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
117 113 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
118 114 # or
119 115 # (brief)
120 116 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
121 117 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
122 118 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
123 - 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
124 - 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
125 - 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
126 - 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
127 - 4:00 - AMT 1997
128 - 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s
129 - 4:00 - AMT
119 + 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
120 + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
121 + 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
122 + 4:00 - +04 1997
123 + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05
130 124
131 125 # Azerbaijan
132 126
133 127 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
134 128 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
135 129 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
136 130 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
137 131
138 132 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
139 133 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
140 134 # daylight saving time....
141 135 # http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
142 136 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
143 137 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
144 138
145 139 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
146 140 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
147 141 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
148 142 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
149 143 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
150 - 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
151 - 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
152 - 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
153 - 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
154 - 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan Time
155 - 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
156 - 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
144 + 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
145 + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
146 + 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
147 + 4:00 - +04 1996
148 + 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997
149 + 4:00 Azer +04/+05
157 150
158 151 # Bahrain
159 152 # See Asia/Qatar.
160 153
161 154 # Bangladesh
162 155 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
163 156 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
164 157 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
165 158 #
166 159 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
167 160 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
168 161 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
169 162 #
170 163 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
171 164 # June
172 165 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
173 166 # crippling power crisis. "
174 167 #
175 168 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
176 169 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
177 170
178 171 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
179 172 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
180 173 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
181 174 #
182 175 # Some sources:
183 176 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
184 177 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
185 178 #
186 179 # Our wrap-up:
187 180 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
188 181
189 182 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
190 183 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
191 184 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
192 185 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
193 186 #
194 187 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
195 188
196 189 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
197 190 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
198 191 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
199 192 #
200 193 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
201 194 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
202 195 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
203 196 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
204 197
205 198 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
206 199 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
207 200 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
208 201 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
209 202 # "continue for an indefinite period."
210 203 #
211 204 # One of many places where it is published:
212 205 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
213 206
214 207 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
215 208 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
216 209 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
217 210 #
218 211 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
219 212 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
220 213 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
221 214 #
222 215 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
223 216 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
224 217 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
225 218 # Minister's Office last night..."
226 219
227 220 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
228 221 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
229 222 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
230 223 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
231 224 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
232 225
233 226 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
234 227 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
235 228 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
236 229
237 230 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
238 231 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
239 232 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
240 233 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
241 234 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
242 235 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
243 236 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
244 237 6:00 - BDT 2009
245 238 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT
246 239
247 240 # Bhutan
248 241 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
249 242 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
250 243 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
251 244 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
252 245
253 246 # British Indian Ocean Territory
254 247 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
255 248 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
256 249 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
257 250 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
258 251 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
259 252 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
260 253 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
261 254 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
262 255 6:00 - IOT
263 256
264 257 # Brunei
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265 258 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
266 259 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
267 260 7:30 - BNT 1933
268 261 8:00 - BNT
269 262
270 263 # Burma / Myanmar
271 264
272 265 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
273 266
274 267 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
275 -Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
268 +Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
276 269 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
277 270 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
278 271 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
279 272 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
280 273
281 274 # Cambodia
282 275 # See Asia/Bangkok.
283 276
284 277
285 278 # China
286 279
287 280 # From Guy Harris:
288 281 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
289 282
290 283 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
291 284 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
292 285 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
293 286 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
294 287 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
295 288 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
296 289 #
297 290 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
298 291 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
299 292 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
300 293 #
301 294 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
302 295 # 1987 mid-April - ??
303 296
304 297 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
305 298 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
306 299 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
307 300
308 301 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
309 302 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
310 303 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
311 304 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
312 305
313 306 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
314 307 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
315 308 # this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer
316 309 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
317 310 # go with them for DST rules as follows:
318 311 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
319 312 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
320 313 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
321 314 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
322 315 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
323 316 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
324 317 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
325 318
326 319 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
327 320 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
328 321 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
329 322 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
330 323 #
331 324 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
332 325 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
333 326 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
334 327 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
335 328 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
336 329 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
337 330 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
338 331 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
339 332 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
340 333 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
341 334
342 335 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
343 336 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
344 337 #
345 338 # (1)
346 339 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
347 340 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
348 341 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
349 342 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
350 343 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
351 344 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
352 345 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
353 346 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
354 347 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
355 348 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
356 349 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
357 350 # could well have ignored any such mandate.
358 351 #
359 352 # (2)
360 353 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
361 354 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
362 355 # [undated and unknown publication location]
363 356 # It says several things:
364 357 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
365 358 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
366 359 # the official calendar book of 1914.
367 360 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
368 361 # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
369 362 # Observatory and set to local mean time.
370 363 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
371 364 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
372 365 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
373 366 # became used by railways as well.
374 367 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
375 368 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
376 369 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
377 370 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
378 371 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
379 372 # Japanese-occupied territory.
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380 373 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
381 374 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
382 375 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
383 376 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
384 377 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
385 378 #
386 379 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
387 380 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
388 381 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
389 382 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
390 -# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8.
383 +# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
391 384 #
392 385 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
393 386 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
394 387 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
395 388 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
396 389 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
397 390 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
398 391 #
399 -# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5
392 +# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
400 393 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
401 394 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
402 395 #
403 -# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8
396 +# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
404 397 # Asia/Shanghai
405 398 # most of China
406 399 # This currently represents most other zones as well,
407 400 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
408 401 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
409 -# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century".
402 +# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
410 403 #
411 -# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7
404 +# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of the area) UT +07
412 405 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
413 406 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
414 407 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
415 408 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
416 409 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
417 410 #
418 -# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6
411 +# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
419 412 # Asia/Urumqi
420 413 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
421 414 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
422 415 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
423 416 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
424 417 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
425 418 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
426 419 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
427 420 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
428 421 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
429 422 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
430 423 #
431 -# Kunlun Time UT+5.5
424 +# Kunlun Time UT +05:30
432 425 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
433 426 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
434 427 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
435 428 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
436 429 # and Yarkand.
437 430
438 431 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
439 432 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
440 433 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
441 434 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
442 435 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
443 436 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
444 437 #
445 438 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
446 439 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
447 -# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
440 +# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
448 441 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
449 442 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
450 443 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
451 444 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
452 445 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
453 446 #
454 447 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
455 448 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
456 449 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
457 450 #
458 451 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
459 452 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
460 453 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
461 454 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
462 455 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
463 456
464 457 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
465 458 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
466 459 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
467 460 #
468 461 # 1. Wulumuqi...
469 462 # 2. Kashi...
470 463 # 3. Urumqi...
471 464 # 4. Kashgar...
472 465 # ...
473 466 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
474 467 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
475 468 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
476 469 #
477 470 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
478 471 # start date for Xinjiang time.
479 472 #
480 473 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
481 474 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
482 475 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
483 476 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
484 477
485 478 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
486 479 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
487 480 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
488 481
489 482 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
490 483 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
491 484 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
492 485 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
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493 486 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
494 487 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
495 488 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
496 489 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
497 490 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
498 491 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
499 492 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
500 493 # having the same time as Beijing.
501 494
502 495 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
503 -# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but
504 -# this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
496 +# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
497 +# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
505 498 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
506 499 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
507 500 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
508 501 #
509 502 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
510 503 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
511 504 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
512 505 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
513 506 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
514 507 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
515 508 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
516 509 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
517 510 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
518 -# XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
511 +# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
519 512 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
520 -# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before
521 -# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and
513 +# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
514 +# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
522 515 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
523 -# UT+8 mandate back then.
516 +# +08 mandate back then.
524 517
525 518 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
526 519 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
527 520 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
528 521 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
529 522 8:00 PRC C%sT
530 523 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
531 524 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
532 525 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
533 526 6:00 - XJT
534 527
535 528
536 529 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
537 530
538 531 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
539 532
540 533 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
541 534 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
542 535 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
543 536 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
544 537 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
545 538 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
546 539 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
547 540 # obtained from
548 541 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
549 542
550 543 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
551 544 # Here are the dates given at
552 545 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
553 546 # as of 2009-10-28:
554 547 # Year Period
555 548 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
556 549 # 1942 Whole year
557 550 # 1943 Whole year
558 551 # 1944 Whole year
559 552 # 1945 Whole year
560 553 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
561 554 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
562 555 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
563 556 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
564 557 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
565 558 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
566 559 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
567 560 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
568 561 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
569 562 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
570 563 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
571 564 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
572 565 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
573 566 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
574 567 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
575 568 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
576 569 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
577 570 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
578 571 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
579 572 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
580 573 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
581 574 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
582 575 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
583 576 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
584 577 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
585 578 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
586 579 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
587 580 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
588 581 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
589 582 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
590 583 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
591 584 # 1977 Nil
592 585 # 1978 Nil
593 586 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
594 587 # 1980 to Now Nil
595 588 # The page does not give start or end times of day.
596 589 # The page does not give a start date for 1942.
597 590 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
598 591 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
599 592 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
600 593 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
601 594
602 595 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
603 596 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
604 597 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
605 598 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
606 599 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
607 600 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
608 601 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
609 602 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
610 603 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
611 604 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
612 605 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
613 606 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
614 607 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
615 608 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
616 609 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
617 610 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
618 611 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
619 612 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
620 613 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
621 614 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
622 615 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
623 616 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
624 617 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
625 618 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
626 619 8:00 HK HK%sT
627 620
628 621 ###############################################################################
629 622
630 623 # Taiwan
631 624
632 625 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
633 626 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
634 627 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
635 628 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
636 629
637 630 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
638 631 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
639 632 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
640 633 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
641 634 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
642 635 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
643 636 # found on Wikisource:
644 637 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
645 638 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
646 639 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
647 640 # declared officially.
648 641 #
649 642 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
650 643 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
651 644 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
652 645 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
653 646 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
654 647 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
655 648 # (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
656 649 # be found on Wikisource:
657 650 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
658 651 #
659 652 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
660 653
661 654 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
662 655 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
663 656 # back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
664 657 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
665 658 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another
666 659 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
667 660 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
668 661 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
669 662 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
670 663 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
671 664 # that:
672 665 #
673 666 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
674 667 # the time at 135E (GMT+9)
675 668 #
676 669 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
677 670 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
678 671 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
679 672 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
680 673 #
681 674 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
682 675 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
683 676 # Time.
684 677 #
685 678 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
686 679 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
687 680 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
688 681 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
689 682 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
690 683 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
691 684
692 685 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
693 686 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
694 687 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General
695 688 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
696 689 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
697 690 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
698 691 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more
699 692 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
700 693 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
701 694 # would be a good one.
702 695 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
703 696 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
704 697
705 698 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
706 699 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
707 700 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
708 701 #
709 702 # Original Bulletin:
710 703 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
711 704 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
712 705 #
713 706 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
714 707 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
715 708 #
716 709 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
717 710 #
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718 711 # Here is a brief translation:
719 712 #
720 713 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
721 714 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
722 715 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
723 716 #
724 717 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
725 718 # be found from historical government announcement database.
726 719
727 720 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
728 -# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01
721 +# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
729 722 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
730 723 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
731 724
732 725 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
733 726 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
734 727 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
735 728 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
736 729 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
737 730 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
738 731 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
739 732 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
740 733 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
741 734 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
742 735 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
743 736 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
744 737 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
745 738 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
746 739 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
747 740 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
748 741
749 742 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
750 743 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
751 744 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
752 745 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1
753 746 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
754 747 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
755 748
756 749 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
757 750 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
758 751 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
759 752 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
760 753 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
761 754 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
762 755 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
763 756 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
764 757 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
765 758 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
766 759 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
767 760 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
768 761 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
769 762 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
770 763 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
771 764 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
772 765 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
773 766 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
774 767 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
775 768 8:00 PRC C%sT
776 769
777 770
778 771 ###############################################################################
779 772
780 773 # Cyprus
781 774 #
782 775 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
783 776 #
784 777 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
785 778 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
786 779 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
787 780 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
788 781 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
789 782 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
790 783 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
791 784 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
792 785 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
793 786 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
794 787 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
795 788 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
796 789 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
797 790 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
798 791 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
799 792
800 793 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
801 794 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
802 795 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
803 796
804 797 # Georgia
805 798 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
806 799 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
807 800 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
808 801 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
809 802 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
810 803 #
811 804 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
812 805 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
813 806 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
814 807 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
815 808 #
816 809 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
817 810 #
818 811 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
819 812 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
820 813 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
821 814 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
822 815 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
823 816 # of integration into Europe.
824 817
825 818 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
826 819 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
827 820 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
828 821 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
829 822 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
830 823 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
831 824 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
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832 825 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
833 826 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
834 827
835 828 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
836 829 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
837 830 # Go with Byalokoz.
838 831
839 832 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
840 833 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
841 834 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
842 - 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
843 - 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
844 - 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
845 - 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
846 - 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
847 - 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
848 - 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
849 - 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
850 - 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
851 - 4:00 - GET
835 + 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
836 + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
837 + 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992
838 + 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun
839 + 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun
840 + 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun
841 + 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27
842 + 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
843 + 4:00 - +04
852 844
853 845 # East Timor
854 846
855 847 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
856 848
857 849 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
858 850 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
859 851 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
860 852 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
861 853 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
862 854 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
863 855 # conflicts with their way of life.
864 856
865 857 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
866 858 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
867 859 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
868 860
869 861 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
870 862 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
871 863 # (2000-08-16):
872 864 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
873 865 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
874 866 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
875 867 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
876 868
877 869 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
878 870 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
879 871 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
880 872 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
881 873 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
882 874 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 0:00
883 875 9:00 - TLT
884 876
885 877 # India
886 878
887 879 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
888 880 # http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
889 881 # (2015-12-22):
890 882 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
891 883 # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of
892 884 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this
893 885 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century.
894 886
895 887 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
896 888 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
897 889 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
898 890 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
899 891 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
900 892 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
901 893 5:30 - IST
902 894 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
903 895 # Andaman Is
904 896 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
905 897 # Nicobar Is
906 898
907 899 # Indonesia
908 900 #
909 901 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
910 902 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
911 903 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
912 904 #
913 905 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
914 906 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
915 907 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
916 908 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
917 909 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
|
↓ open down ↓ |
56 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
918 910 #
919 911 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
920 912 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
921 913 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
922 914 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
923 915 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
924 916 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
925 917 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
926 918 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
927 919 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
928 -# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
920 +# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
929 921 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
930 922 # switched on 1945-09-23.
931 923 #
932 924 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
933 925 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
934 926 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
935 927 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
936 928 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
937 929 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
938 930 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
939 -# The abbreviations are:
931 +# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
940 932 #
941 -# WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
942 -# WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
943 -# WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
933 +# WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
934 +# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
935 +# WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
944 936 #
945 937 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
946 938 # Java, Sumatra
947 939 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
948 940 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
949 941 # but this must be a typo.
950 942 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
951 943 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
952 944 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23
953 945 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
954 946 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
955 947 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
956 948 7:30 - WIB 1964
957 949 7:00 - WIB
958 950 # west and central Borneo
959 951 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
960 952 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
961 953 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29
962 954 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
963 955 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
964 956 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
965 957 7:30 - WIB 1964
966 958 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
967 959 7:00 - WIB
968 960 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
969 961 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
970 962 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
971 963 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9
972 964 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
973 965 8:00 - WITA
974 966 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
975 967 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
976 968 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1
977 969 9:30 - ACST 1964
978 970 9:00 - WIT
979 971
980 972 # Iran
981 973
982 974 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
983 975 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
984 976 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
985 977 #
986 978 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
987 979 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
988 980 #
989 981 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
990 982 #
991 983 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
992 984 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
993 985 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
994 986 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
995 987 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
996 988 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
997 989 #
998 990 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
999 991 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
1000 992 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
1001 993 # Shahrivar.
1002 994 #
1003 995 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
1004 996 #
1005 997 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
1006 998 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
1007 999 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
1008 1000 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
1009 1001 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
1010 1002 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
1011 1003 #
1012 1004 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
1013 1005 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
1014 1006 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
1015 1007 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
1016 1008 # plan to change that law....
1017 1009 #
1018 1010 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1019 1011 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
1020 1012 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
1021 1013 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
1022 1014 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
1023 1015 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
1024 1016 #
1025 1017 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
1026 1018 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1027 1019 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1028 1020 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1029 1021 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1030 1022 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1031 1023 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
1032 1024 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
1033 1025 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
1034 1026 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
1035 1027 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
1036 1028 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
1037 1029 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
1038 1030 #
1039 1031 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
1040 1032 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
1041 1033 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
1042 1034 #
1043 1035 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
1044 1036 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
1045 1037 # daylight saving time ...
1046 1038 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
1047 1039 #
1048 1040 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
1049 1041 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
1050 1042 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1051 1043 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
1052 1044 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
1053 1045 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
1054 1046 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
1055 1047 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
1056 1048 #
1057 1049 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1058 1050 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1059 1051 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
1060 1052 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
1061 1053 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
1062 1054 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
1063 1055 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1064 1056 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1065 1057 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1066 1058 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1067 1059 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1068 1060 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1069 1061 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1070 1062 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1071 1063 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1072 1064 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1073 1065 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1074 1066 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1075 1067 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1076 1068 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1077 1069 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1078 1070 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1079 1071 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1080 1072 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1081 1073 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1082 1074 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1083 1075 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1084 1076 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1085 1077 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1086 1078 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1087 1079 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1088 1080 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1089 1081 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1090 1082 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1091 1083 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1092 1084 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1093 1085 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1094 1086 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1095 1087 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1096 1088 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1097 1089 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1098 1090 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1099 1091 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1100 1092 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1101 1093 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1102 1094 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1103 1095 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1104 1096 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1105 1097 #
1106 1098 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
1107 1099 # These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
1108 1100 # restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
1109 1101 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
1110 1102 # possibly Iran will change the rules first.
1111 1103 Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1112 1104 Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1113 1105
1114 1106 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1115 1107 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
1116 1108 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
1117 1109 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
1118 1110 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
1119 1111 3:30 Iran IR%sT
1120 1112
1121 1113
1122 1114 # Iraq
1123 1115 #
1124 1116 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1125 1117 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1126 1118 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1127 1119 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1128 1120 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1129 1121 #
1130 1122 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1131 1123 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1132 1124 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
1133 1125 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
1134 1126 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1135 1127 #
1136 1128 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1137 1129
1138 1130 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1139 1131 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1140 1132 # news sources (in Arabic):
1141 1133 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
1142 1134 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1143 1135 #
1144 1136 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1145 1137 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1146 1138
1147 1139 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1148 1140 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1149 1141 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1150 1142 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1151 1143 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1152 1144 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
1153 1145 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
1154 1146 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
1155 1147 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1156 1148 #
1157 1149 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
1158 1150 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
1159 1151 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1160 1152 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1161 1153 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1162 1154 3:00 - AST 1982 May
1163 1155 3:00 Iraq A%sT
1164 1156
1165 1157
1166 1158 ###############################################################################
1167 1159
1168 1160 # Israel
1169 1161
1170 1162 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1171 1163 #
1172 1164 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1173 1165 # different abbreviations in use:
1174 1166 #
1175 1167 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1176 1168 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1177 1169 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1178 1170 #
1179 1171 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1180 1172 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1181 1173 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1182 1174 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1183 1175 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1184 1176 # settings in Israeli computers.
1185 1177 #
1186 1178 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1187 1179 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1188 1180 # family is from India).
1189 1181
1190 1182 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1191 1183 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1192 1184 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1193 1185 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1194 1186 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1195 1187 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1196 1188 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1197 1189 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1198 1190 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
1199 1191 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1200 1192 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
1201 1193 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
1202 1194 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1203 1195 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1204 1196 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1205 1197 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
1206 1198 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1207 1199 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
1208 1200 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
1209 1201 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
1210 1202 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
1211 1203 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
1212 1204 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
1213 1205 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
1214 1206 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
1215 1207 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
1216 1208 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
1217 1209 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
1218 1210 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
1219 1211 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1220 1212 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
1221 1213 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
1222 1214 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
1223 1215 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
1224 1216 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1225 1217 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1226 1218 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
1227 1219 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1228 1220 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
1229 1221 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1230 1222
1231 1223 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
1232 1224 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
1233 1225 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
1234 1226 # ends and changes to Sunday.
1235 1227 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
1236 1228 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
1237 1229
1238 1230 # From Ephraim Silverberg
1239 1231 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1240 1232 # and 2005-02-17):
1241 1233
1242 1234 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1243 1235 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1244 1236 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1245 1237 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1246 1238 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1247 1239 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1248 1240 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1249 1241 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1250 1242 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1251 1243 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1252 1244 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1253 1245 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1254 1246 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1255 1247 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1256 1248 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1257 1249 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1258 1250 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1259 1251 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1260 1252 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1261 1253 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1262 1254 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1263 1255 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1264 1256
1265 1257 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1266 1258 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1267 1259 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1268 1260 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1269 1261 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1270 1262 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1271 1263 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1272 1264 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1273 1265 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1274 1266 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1275 1267 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1276 1268
1277 1269 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1278 1270 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1279 1271 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1280 1272
1281 1273 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1282 1274 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1283 1275 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1284 1276 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1285 1277 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1286 1278
1287 1279 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1288 1280 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1289 1281 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1290 1282 #
1291 1283 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1292 1284 #
1293 1285 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1294 1286 #
1295 1287 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1296 1288 #
1297 1289 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1298 1290 #
1299 1291 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
1300 1292
1301 1293 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1302 1294 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1303 1295 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1304 1296 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1305 1297 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1306 1298 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1307 1299 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1308 1300 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1309 1301 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1310 1302
1311 1303 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1312 1304 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1313 1305 # years 2001-2004 as well.
1314 1306 #
1315 1307 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1316 1308 #
1317 1309 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1318 1310 #
1319 1311 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1320 1312 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1321 1313 #
1322 1314 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1323 1315
1324 1316 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1325 1317 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1326 1318 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1327 1319 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1328 1320 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1329 1321 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1330 1322 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1331 1323 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1332 1324 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1333 1325 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1334 1326 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1335 1327
1336 1328 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1337 1329 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1338 1330 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1339 1331 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1340 1332 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1341 1333 #
1342 1334 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1343 1335 #
1344 1336 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1345 1337
1346 1338 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
1347 1339 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1348 1340 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1349 1341 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1350 1342 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
1351 1343 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1352 1344 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
1353 1345 #
1354 1346 # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1355 1347 #
1356 1348 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1357 1349 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1358 1350 # springtime transitions explicitly.
1359 1351
1360 1352 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1361 1353 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1362 1354 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1363 1355 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1364 1356 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1365 1357 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1366 1358 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1367 1359 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1368 1360 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1369 1361 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1370 1362 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1371 1363 Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1372 1364 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1373 1365
1374 1366 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
1375 1367 # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
1376 1368 # Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
1377 1369 # in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
1378 1370 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
1379 1371 #
1380 1372 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
1381 1373 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
1382 1374
1383 1375 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1384 1376 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
1385 1377 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1386 1378
1387 1379 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1388 1380 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
1389 1381 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1390 1382 2:00 Zion I%sT
1391 1383
1392 1384
1393 1385
1394 1386 ###############################################################################
1395 1387
1396 1388 # Japan
1397 1389
1398 1390 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
1399 1391
1400 1392 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1401 1393 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1402 1394 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
1403 1395 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
1404 1396
1405 1397 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
1406 1398 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
1407 1399 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1408 1400 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1409 1401 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1410 1402 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1411 1403 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1412 1404 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1413 1405 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1414 1406 # wanted to keep it.)
1415 1407
1416 1408 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1417 1409 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1418 1410 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1419 1411 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1420 1412 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1421 1413 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1422 1414 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1423 1415 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1424 1416 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1425 1417 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1426 1418 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1427 1419
1428 1420 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1429 1421 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1430 1422 # Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s),
1431 1423 # 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
1432 1424 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1433 1425 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1434 1426 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1435 1427 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1436 1428
1437 1429 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1438 1430 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1439 1431 # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
1440 1432 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1441 1433 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1442 1434 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
1443 1435 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1444 1436 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1445 1437 # standard....
1446 1438 #
1447 1439 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1448 1440 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1449 1441
1450 1442 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1451 1443 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1452 1444 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1453 1445 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1454 1446 #
1455 1447 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1456 1448 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1457 1449 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1458 1450 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1459 1451
1460 1452 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1461 1453 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1462 1454 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1
1463 1455 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1464 1456 9:00 Japan J%sT
1465 1457 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1466 1458
1467 1459 # Jordan
1468 1460 #
1469 1461 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1470 1462 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1471 1463 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1472 1464 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1473 1465 # all year round.
1474 1466 #
1475 1467 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1476 1468 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1477 1469 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1478 1470 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1479 1471 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1480 1472 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1481 1473 #
1482 1474 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1483 1475 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1484 1476 #
1485 1477 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1486 1478 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1487 1479 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1488 1480 #
1489 1481 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1490 1482 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1491 1483 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1492 1484 #
1493 1485
1494 1486 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1495 1487 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1496 1488 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1497 1489 #
1498 1490 # Google's translation:
1499 1491 #
1500 1492 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1501 1493 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1502 1494 # > of the month of March of each year.
1503 1495 #
1504 1496 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1505 1497
1506 1498 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1507 1499 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1508 1500
1509 1501 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
1510 1502 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
1511 1503 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
1512 1504 # until about the same time next year (at least).
1513 1505 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
1514 1506
1515 1507 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
1516 1508 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
1517 1509 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
1518 1510 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
1519 1511 # Official, in Arabic:
1520 1512 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
1521 1513 # ... Our background/permalink about it
1522 1514 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
1523 1515 # ...
1524 1516 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
1525 1517 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
1526 1518 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
1527 1519
1528 1520 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
1529 1521 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
1530 1522
1531 1523 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1532 1524 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1533 1525 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1534 1526 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1535 1527 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1536 1528 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1537 1529 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1538 1530 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1539 1531 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1540 1532 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1541 1533 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1542 1534 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1543 1535 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1544 1536 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1545 1537 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1546 1538 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1547 1539 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1548 1540 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1549 1541 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1550 1542 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1551 1543 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1552 1544 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1553 1545 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1554 1546 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1555 1547 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1556 1548 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1557 1549 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1558 1550 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1559 1551 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
|
↓ open down ↓ |
606 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
1560 1552 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
1561 1553 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1562 1554 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1563 1555 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1564 1556 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1565 1557 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1566 1558
1567 1559
1568 1560 # Kazakhstan
1569 1561
1570 -# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1571 -# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1572 -# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1573 -# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1574 -# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1575 -# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1576 -
1577 -# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1578 -# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1579 -# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1580 -# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1581 -# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1582 -#
1583 -# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1584 -# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1585 -# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1586 -
1587 1562 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
1588 1563 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
1589 1564 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1590 1565 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1591 1566 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1592 1567 #
1593 1568 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1594 1569 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1595 1570 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1596 1571 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1597 1572 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1598 1573 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1599 1574 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1600 1575 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1601 1576 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1602 1577
1578 +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27) ([*] means see later comments below):
1579 +# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
1580 +# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
1603 1581 #
1582 +# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
1583 +# from 1991-02-04 No. 20
1584 +# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
1585 +# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
1586 +# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
1587 +# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
1588 +# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
1589 +#
1590 +# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
1591 +# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
1592 +# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
1593 +# text.
1594 +#
1595 +# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
1596 +# (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
1597 +# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
1598 +# transition to "summer" time:
1599 +# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
1600 +# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
1601 +# were to move clocks 1 hour forward.
1602 +# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik
1603 +# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts
1604 +# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
1605 +# Other territories were to not move clocks.
1606 +# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
1607 +# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
1608 +# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
1609 +#
1610 +# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
1611 +# was one of such changes.
1612 +#
1613 +# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время
1614 +# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
1615 +# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
1616 +# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
1617 +# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
1618 +# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
1619 +# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
1620 +# move clocks.)
1621 +#
1622 +# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
1623 +# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
1624 +# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Kzyl-Orda oblast moved into the fifth
1625 +# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
1626 +#
1627 +# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1628 +# from 1992-01-13 No. 28
1629 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
1630 +# (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
1631 +# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
1632 +# 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated
1633 +# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
1634 +# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
1635 +# 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
1636 +# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
1637 +# border between them to be located east of Kustanay and Aktyubinsk
1638 +# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Kzyl-Orda oblasts into the fifth
1639 +# time belt).
1640 +#
1641 +# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
1642 +# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyrau and Kustanay oblasts; from
1643 +# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk) [*]....
1644 +#
1645 +# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1646 +# from 1992-03-27 No. 284
1647 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
1648 +# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Kzyl-Orda oblasts
1649 +# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
1650 +# and the fifth time belts respectively.
1651 +#
1652 +# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1653 +# from 1994-09-23 No. 384
1654 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
1655 +# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangystau
1656 +# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
1657 +# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
1658 +# result)....
1659 +#
1660 +# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1661 +# from 1996-05-08 No. 575
1662 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
1663 +# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
1664 +# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
1665 +#
1666 +# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1667 +# from 1999-03-26 No. 305
1668 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
1669 +# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyrau oblast since the
1670 +# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
1671 +# time belt.
1672 +#
1673 +# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.
1674 +#
1675 +# There is no zone for Atyrau currently (listed under Asia/Aqtau in
1676 +# zone1970.tab).[*]
1677 +#
1678 +# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1679 +# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
1680 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
1681 +# replaces the previous five documents.
1682 +#
1683 +# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
1684 +# fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling
1685 +# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
1686 +# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Kostanay oblast
1687 +# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Kyzylorda oblast
1688 +# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
1689 +# fourth time belt (no change in practice).[*]
1690 +#
1691 +# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1692 +# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
1693 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
1694 +# modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently.
1695 +#
1696 +# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1697 +# from 2004-07-20 No. 775
1698 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
1699 +# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Kostanay and Kyzylorda oblasts into
1700 +# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
1701 +# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
1702 +# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented
1703 +# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
1704 +# amended before implementation happened.
1705 +#
1706 +# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1707 +# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
1708 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
1709 +# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
1710 +# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
1711 +# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyrau, West Kazakhstan,
1712 +# Kostanay, Kyzylorda and Mangystau oblasts by not moving clocks
1713 +# during the 2014 transition to "winter" time.
1714 +#
1715 +# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyrau oblast (no
1716 +# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
1717 +# +06/+07 for Kostanay oblast (Kostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
1718 +# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....[*]
1719 +#
1720 +# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1721 +# from 2005-03-15 No. 231
1722 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
1723 +# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
1724 +# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
1725 +# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
1726 +# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
1727 +# time.
1728 +#
1729 +# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
1730 +# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
1731 +# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
1732 +# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
1733 +
1734 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
1735 +# The tables below should reflect Stepan Golosunov's remarks above,
1736 +# except for the items marked "[*]" which I haven't gotten to yet.
1737 +# It looks like we will need new zones Asia/Atyrau and Asia/Qostanay
1738 +# to handle changes from 1992 through 2004 that we did not previously
1739 +# know about.
1740 +
1741 +#
1604 1742 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1605 1743 #
1606 1744 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1745 +# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
1746 +# KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
1607 1747 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1608 - 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1609 - 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1610 - 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1611 - 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1612 - 6:00 - ALMT
1613 -# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1748 + 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
1749 + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1750 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1751 + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1752 + 6:00 - +06
1753 +# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
1614 1754 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1615 - 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1616 - 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1617 - 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1618 - 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1619 - 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1620 - 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1621 - 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1622 - 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1623 - 6:00 - QYZT
1624 -# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk)
1755 + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1756 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1757 + 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1758 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1759 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1760 + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1761 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1762 + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1763 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1764 + 6:00 - +06
1765 +# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
1625 1766 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1626 - 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1627 - 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1628 - 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1629 - 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1630 - 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1631 - 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1632 - 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1633 - 5:00 - AQTT
1634 -# Mangghystau
1767 + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1768 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1769 + 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1770 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1771 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1772 + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1773 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1774 + 5:00 - +05
1775 +# Qostanay (KZ-KUS)
1776 +
1777 +# Mangghystau (KZ-MAN)
1635 1778 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1636 1779 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1637 1780 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1638 - 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1639 - 5:00 - FORT 1963
1640 - 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1641 - 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1642 - 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1643 - 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1644 - 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1645 - 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1646 - 5:00 - AQTT
1647 -# West Kazakhstan
1781 + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1782 + 5:00 - +05 1963
1783 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
1784 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1785 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1786 + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1787 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
1788 + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1789 + 5:00 - +05
1790 +
1791 +# West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
1648 1792 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1649 1793 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1650 1794 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1651 - 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1652 - 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1653 - 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1654 - 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1655 - 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1656 - 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1657 - 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1658 - 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1659 - 5:00 - ORAT
1795 + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1796 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1797 + 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1798 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1799 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1800 + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1801 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1802 + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1803 + 5:00 - +05
1660 1804
1661 1805 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1662 1806 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1663 1807
1664 1808 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1665 1809 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1666 1810 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
1667 1811 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1668 1812 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1669 1813 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1670 1814 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1671 1815 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1672 1816
1673 1817 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1674 1818 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1675 1819 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1676 1820 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1677 1821 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1678 1822 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1679 1823 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1680 - 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1681 - 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1682 - 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1683 - 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1684 - 6:00 - KGT
1824 + 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
1825 + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1826 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00
1827 + 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12
1828 + 6:00 - +06
1685 1829
1686 1830 ###############################################################################
1687 1831
1688 1832 # Korea (North and South)
1689 1833
1690 1834 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
1691 1835 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
1692 1836 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
1693 1837 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
1694 1838 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
1695 1839
1696 1840 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
1697 1841 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
1698 1842 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
1699 1843 # http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
1700 1844 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
1701 1845 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
1702 1846 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
1703 1847 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
1704 1848 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
1705 1849 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
1706 1850
1707 1851 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1708 1852 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1709 1853 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1710 1854 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
1711 1855 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1712 1856 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
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1713 1857 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1714 1858 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
1715 1859 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1716 1860 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1717 1861 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1718 1862 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1719 1863 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S
1720 1864 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1721 1865 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
1722 1866
1723 -# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30):
1867 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
1724 1868 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
1725 1869 #
1726 -# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5)
1870 +# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
1727 1871 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
1728 1872 # (Announcement No. 338)
1729 1873 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
1730 1874 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
1731 -# 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)
1732 1875 #
1733 -# The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change
1734 -# to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change
1735 -# to UT+9 on 1912-01-01? Omit the 1910 change for now.
1876 +# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
1877 +# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
1736 1878 #
1737 1879 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1738 1880 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
1739 1881 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1740 1882 #
1741 -# For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II.
1883 +# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
1884 +# have no information otherwise.
1742 1885
1743 1886 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
1744 1887 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
1745 1888 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
1746 1889 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
1747 1890 #
1748 1891 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
1749 1892 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
1750 1893 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
1751 1894 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
1752 1895 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
1753 1896 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
1754 1897
1755 1898 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1756 1899 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1757 1900 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1758 1901 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1759 1902 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1760 1903 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1761 1904 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1762 1905 9:00 ROK K%sT
1763 1906 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1764 1907 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1765 1908 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1766 1909 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
1767 1910 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
1768 1911 8:30 - KST
1769 1912
1770 1913 ###############################################################################
1771 1914
1772 1915 # Kuwait
1773 1916 # See Asia/Riyadh.
1774 1917
1775 1918 # Laos
1776 1919 # See Asia/Bangkok.
1777 1920
1778 1921
1779 1922 # Lebanon
1780 1923 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1781 1924 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1782 1925 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1783 1926 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1784 1927 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1785 1928 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1786 1929 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1787 1930 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1788 1931 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1789 1932 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1790 1933 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1791 1934 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1792 1935 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1793 1936 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1794 1937 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1795 1938 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1796 1939 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1797 1940 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1798 1941 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1799 1942 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1800 1943 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1801 1944 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1802 1945 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1803 1946 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1804 1947 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1805 1948 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1806 1949 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1807 1950 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1808 1951
1809 1952 # Malaysia
1810 1953 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1811 1954 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1812 1955 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1813 1956 #
1814 1957 # peninsular Malaysia
1815 1958 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1816 1959 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
1817 1960 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1818 1961 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1819 1962 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1820 1963 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1821 1964 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1822 1965 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1823 1966 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1824 1967 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1825 1968 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1826 1969 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1827 1970 # Sabah & Sarawak
1828 1971 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
1829 1972 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
1830 1973 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1831 1974 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1832 1975 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1833 1976 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1834 1977 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1835 1978 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1836 1979 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1837 1980 8:00 - MYT
1838 1981
1839 1982 # Maldives
1840 1983 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1841 1984 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1842 1985 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1843 1986 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1844 1987
1845 1988 # Mongolia
1846 1989
1847 1990 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1848 1991 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
1849 1992 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
1850 1993
1851 1994 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1852 1995 # General Information Mongolia
1853 1996 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
1854 1997 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1855 1998 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1856 1999 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1857 2000 # eight hours."
1858 2001
1859 2002 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1860 2003 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1861 2004 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1862 2005 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1863 2006 # of implementation may have been different....
1864 2007 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1865 2008 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1866 2009 # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
1867 2010
1868 2011 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1869 2012 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1870 2013 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1871 2014 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1872 2015 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1873 2016 # is good enough for our purposes.
1874 2017
1875 2018 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1876 2019 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1877 2020 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1878 2021 # there are three time zones.
1879 2022 #
1880 2023 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1881 2024 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
1882 2025 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
1883 2026 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
1884 2027 #
1885 2028 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1886 2029
1887 2030 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1888 2031 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1889 2032 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1890 2033 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
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1891 2034 #
1892 2035 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1893 2036 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1894 2037 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1895 2038
1896 2039 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1897 2040 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1898 2041 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1899 2042 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1900 2043 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
1901 -# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
2044 +# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
1902 2045 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1903 2046 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1904 2047 # He also found
1905 2048 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
1906 2049 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1907 2050 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1908 2051 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1909 2052 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1910 2053 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1911 2054 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1912 2055 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1913 2056
1914 2057 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1915 2058 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1916 2059 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1917 2060 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1918 2061
1919 2062 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1920 2063 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1921 2064 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1922 2065 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1923 2066 # database on this, e.g.:
1924 2067 #
1925 2068 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1926 2069 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1927 2070 #
1928 2071 # both say GMT+08:00.
1929 2072
1930 2073 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1931 2074 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1932 2075 # schedule here:
1933 2076 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1934 2077 # (click the English flag for English)
1935 2078 #
1936 2079 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
1937 2080 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1938 2081 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1939 2082 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
1940 2083 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1941 2084 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1942 2085
1943 2086 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1944 2087 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1945 2088 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1946 2089 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1947 2090 # this is almost surely wrong.
1948 2091
1949 2092 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
1950 2093 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
1951 2094 # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
1952 2095 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
1953 2096 # September daylight saving time ends. Source:
1954 2097 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
1955 2098
1956 2099 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1957 2100 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1958 2101 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1959 2102 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1960 2103 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1961 2104 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1962 2105 #
1963 2106 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1964 2107 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
1965 2108 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1966 2109 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1967 2110 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1968 2111 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1969 2112
1970 2113 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1971 2114 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1972 2115 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1973 2116 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1974 2117 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1975 2118 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1976 2119 Rule Mongol 2015 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1977 2120 Rule Mongol 2015 max - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
1978 2121
1979 2122 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1980 2123 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1981 2124 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1982 2125 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1983 2126 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1984 2127 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1985 2128 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1986 2129 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1987 2130 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1988 2131 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1989 2132 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1990 2133 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1991 2134 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1992 2135 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1993 2136 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1994 2137 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1995 2138
1996 2139 # Nepal
1997 2140 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1998 2141 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1999 2142 5:30 - IST 1986
2000 2143 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
2001 2144
2002 2145 # Oman
2003 2146 # See Asia/Dubai.
2004 2147
2005 2148 # Pakistan
2006 2149
2007 2150 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
2008 2151 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
2009 2152 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
2010 2153 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
2011 2154 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
2012 2155 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
2013 2156
2014 2157 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
2015 2158 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
2016 2159 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
2017 2160 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
2018 2161 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
2019 2162 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
2020 2163 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
2021 2164 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
2022 2165 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
2023 2166 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
2024 2167 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
2025 2168
2026 2169 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
2027 2170 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
2028 2171 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
2029 2172
2030 2173 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
2031 2174 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
2032 2175 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
2033 2176 #
2034 2177 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
2035 2178 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
2036 2179 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
2037 2180 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
2038 2181 #
2039 2182 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
2040 2183 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
2041 2184
2042 2185 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
2043 2186 #
2044 2187 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
2045 2188 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
2046 2189 #
2047 2190 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
2048 2191 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
2049 2192 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
2050 2193 #
2051 2194 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
2052 2195 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
2053 2196
2054 2197 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2055 2198 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
2056 2199
2057 2200 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2058 2201 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
2059 2202 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
2060 2203 # instead of August 31.
2061 2204 #
2062 2205 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
2063 2206 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
2064 2207
2065 2208 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
2066 2209 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
2067 2210 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
2068 2211 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
2069 2212 # official working."
2070 2213 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
2071 2214 #
2072 2215 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
2073 2216 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
2074 2217 #
2075 2218 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
2076 2219 # April 08, 2009
2077 2220 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
2078 2221 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
2079 2222 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
2080 2223 #
2081 2224 # ....
2082 2225 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
2083 2226 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
2084 2227 # conserve energy"
2085 2228
2086 2229 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
2087 2230 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
2088 2231 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
2089 2232 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
2090 2233 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
2091 2234 # this regard."
2092 2235 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
2093 2236
2094 2237 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
2095 2238 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
2096 2239 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
2097 2240 # October 1, 2009.
2098 2241 #
2099 2242 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
2100 2243 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
2101 2244 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
2102 2245 #
2103 2246 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
2104 2247 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
2105 2248 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
2106 2249 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
2107 2250 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
2108 2251 # Monday."
2109 2252 #
2110 2253 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
2111 2254 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
2112 2255 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
2113 2256 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
2114 2257 #
2115 2258 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
2116 2259 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
2117 2260 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
2118 2261
2119 2262 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
2120 2263 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
2121 2264 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
2122 2265
2123 2266 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
2124 2267 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2125 2268 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
2126 2269 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
2127 2270 # >
2128 2271 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
2129 2272 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
2130 2273 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
2131 2274 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
2132 2275 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
2133 2276 #
2134 2277 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
2135 2278 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
2136 2279 #
2137 2280 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2138 2281 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
2139 2282
2140 2283 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2141 2284 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
2142 2285 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2143 2286 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2144 2287 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2145 2288 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
2146 2289
2147 2290 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2148 2291 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
2149 2292 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
2150 2293 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
2151 2294 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
2152 2295 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
2153 2296 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
2154 2297
2155 2298 # Palestine
2156 2299
2157 2300 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2158 2301 #
2159 2302 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
2160 2303 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
2161 2304 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
2162 2305 #
2163 2306 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
2164 2307 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
2165 2308 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
2166 2309 # though.
2167 2310 #
2168 2311 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
2169 2312 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
2170 2313 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
2171 2314 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
2172 2315 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
2173 2316 # East Jerusalem.
2174 2317 #
2175 2318 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
2176 2319 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
2177 2320 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
2178 2321 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
2179 2322 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
2180 2323 #
2181 2324 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
2182 2325 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
2183 2326 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
2184 2327 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
2185 2328 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
2186 2329 # Jordanian one).
2187 2330 #
2188 2331 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
2189 2332 #
2190 2333 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
2191 2334 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
2192 2335 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
2193 2336 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
2194 2337 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
2195 2338 #
2196 2339 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
2197 2340 # have one).
2198 2341
2199 2342 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2200 2343 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
2201 2344 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
2202 2345 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2203 2346 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2204 2347 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2205 2348 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2206 2349 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2207 2350 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2208 2351 # to Palestine's rules.
2209 2352
2210 2353 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2211 2354 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2212 2355 #
2213 2356 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2214 2357 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2215 2358 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2216 2359 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2217 2360
2218 2361 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2219 2362 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
2220 2363 # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
2221 2364 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2222 2365 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2223 2366 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2224 2367 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2225 2368 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2226 2369
2227 2370 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2228 2371 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2229 2372
2230 2373 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2231 2374 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2232 2375 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2233 2376 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2234 2377 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
2235 2378
2236 2379 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2237 2380 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2238 2381 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2239 2382 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2240 2383 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2241 2384 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2242 2385 # the West Bank.
2243 2386
2244 2387 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2245 2388 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2246 2389 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2247 2390 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2248 2391 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2249 2392 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2250 2393 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2251 2394 # because of the Ramadan.
2252 2395
2253 2396 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2254 2397 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2255 2398 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2256 2399
2257 2400 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2258 2401 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2259 2402 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2260 2403 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2261 2404 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2262 2405 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2263 2406
2264 2407 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2265 2408 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2266 2409 #
2267 2410 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2268 2411 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2269 2412 #
2270 2413 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2271 2414 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2272 2415 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2273 2416
2274 2417 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2275 2418 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2276 2419 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2277 2420 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2278 2421 #
2279 2422 # (in Arabic)
2280 2423 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2281 2424 #
2282 2425 # (English translation)
2283 2426 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2284 2427
2285 2428 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2286 2429 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2287 2430 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2288 2431 #
2289 2432 # One news source:
2290 2433 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2291 2434 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2292 2435 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2293 2436 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2294 2437 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2295 2438 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2296 2439 #
2297 2440 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2298 2441 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2299 2442 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2300 2443
2301 2444 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2302 2445 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2303 2446 #
2304 2447 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2305 2448 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2306 2449 #
2307 2450 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2308 2451 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
2309 2452 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2310 2453 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2311 2454
2312 2455 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2313 2456 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2314 2457 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2315 2458 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2316 2459 #
2317 2460 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2318 2461 # (in Arabic)
2319 2462 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2320 2463
2321 2464 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2322 2465 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2323 2466 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2324 2467 # noon though:
2325 2468 #
2326 2469 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2327 2470 # (Ma'an News Agency)
2328 2471 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2329 2472 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2330 2473
2331 2474 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2332 2475 # According to several sources, including
2333 2476 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2334 2477 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2335 2478 # Gaza and the West Bank.
2336 2479 # Some more background info:
2337 2480 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2338 2481
2339 2482 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2340 2483 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2341 2484 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2342 2485 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2343 2486 # Ramadan.
2344 2487 #
2345 2488 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2346 2489 # Additional info:
2347 2490 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2348 2491
2349 2492 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2350 2493 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2351 2494 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2352 2495 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2353 2496 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2354 2497 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2355 2498 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2356 2499 # ...
2357 2500 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2358 2501 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2359 2502 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
2360 2503
2361 2504 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2362 2505 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2363 2506 # 00:00).
2364 2507 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2365 2508 #
2366 2509 # Many sources, including:
2367 2510 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2368 2511
2369 2512 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2370 2513 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
2371 2514 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
2372 2515 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
2373 2516 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
2374 2517 #
2375 2518 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
2376 2519 #
2377 2520 # Our brief summary:
2378 2521 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
2379 2522
2380 2523 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
2381 2524 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
2382 2525 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
2383 2526 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
2384 2527 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
2385 2528 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
2386 2529
2387 2530 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
2388 2531 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
2389 2532 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
2390 2533 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
2391 2534 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
2392 2535 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
2393 2536 # official source...:
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2394 2537 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
2395 2538
2396 2539 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
2397 2540 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
2398 2541 # and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
2399 2542 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
2400 2543 #
2401 2544 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
2402 2545 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
2403 2546 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
2404 -# For future dates, guess the last Friday in March at 24:00 through
2405 -# the first Friday on or after October 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with
2406 -# the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs:
2407 -# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
2408 -# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
2409 2547
2410 2548 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
2411 2549 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
2412 2550 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
2413 2551 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
2414 2552 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
2415 2553 #
2416 2554 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12):
2417 2555 # Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2418 -# Leave fall predictions alone for now.
2419 2556
2557 +# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):
2558 +# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
2559 +# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
2560 +# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
2561 +#
2562 +# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):
2563 +# Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2564 +# This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring
2565 +# predictions.
2566 +#
2567 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):
2568 +# It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:
2569 +# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
2570 +# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
2571 +
2420 2572 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2421 2573 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2422 2574 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2423 2575 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2424 2576 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2425 2577 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2426 2578 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2427 2579
2428 2580 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2429 2581 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2430 2582 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2431 2583 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2432 2584 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2433 2585 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2434 2586 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2435 2587 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2436 2588 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
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2437 2589 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
2438 2590 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2439 2591 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2440 2592 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
2441 2593 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2442 2594 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
2443 2595 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2444 2596 Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2445 2597 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
2446 2598 Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2447 -Rule Palestine 2014 max - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2599 +Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2448 2600 Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
2449 2601 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar lastSat 1:00 1:00 S
2602 +Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 -
2450 2603
2451 2604 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2452 2605 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2453 2606 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2454 2607 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2455 2608 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2456 2609 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2457 2610 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
2458 2611 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
2459 2612 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
2460 2613 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2461 2614 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2462 2615 2:00 - EET 2012
2463 2616 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2464 2617
2465 2618 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2466 2619 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2467 2620 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2468 2621 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2469 2622 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2470 2623 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2471 2624
2472 2625 # Paracel Is
2473 2626 # no information
2474 2627
2475 2628 # Philippines
2476 2629 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
2477 2630 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2478 2631 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
2479 2632 # History of the International Date Line
2480 2633 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
2481 2634 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2482 2635
2483 2636 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2484 2637 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2485 2638 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2486 2639 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2487 2640 # but no details]
2488 2641
2489 2642 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
2490 2643 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
2491 2644 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
2492 2645 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
2493 2646 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
2494 2647 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
2495 2648 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
2496 2649
2497 2650 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2498 2651 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2499 2652 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2500 2653 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2501 2654 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2502 2655 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2503 2656 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2504 2657 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2505 2658 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2506 2659 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2507 2660 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2508 2661 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2509 2662 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2510 2663
2511 2664 # Qatar
2512 2665 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2513 2666 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2514 2667 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2515 2668 3:00 - AST
2516 2669 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
2517 2670
2518 2671 # Saudi Arabia
2519 2672 #
2520 2673 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2521 2674 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2522 2675 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2523 2676 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2524 2677 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2525 2678 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2526 2679 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
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2527 2680 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2528 2681 #
2529 2682 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2530 2683 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2531 2684 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2532 2685 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2533 2686 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2534 2687 # earlier date.
2535 2688 #
2536 2689 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2537 -# time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of
2690 +# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
2538 2691 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2539 2692 #
2540 2693 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2541 2694 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2542 2695 3:00 - AST
2543 2696 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
2544 2697 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
2545 2698
2546 2699 # Singapore
2547 2700 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2548 2701 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2549 2702 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2550 2703 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2551 2704 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2552 2705 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2553 2706 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2554 2707 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2555 2708 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2556 2709 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2557 2710 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2558 2711 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2559 2712 8:00 - SGT
2560 2713
2561 2714 # Spratly Is
2562 2715 # no information
2563 2716
2564 2717 # Sri Lanka
2565 2718
2566 2719 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2567 2720 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
2568 2721 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
2569 2722 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
2570 2723 # Shanks and Pottenger.
2571 2724
2572 2725 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2573 2726 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2574 2727 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
2575 2728 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2576 2729 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2577 2730 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
2578 2731 #
2579 2732 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2580 2733 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
2581 2734 # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26):
2582 2735 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2583 2736 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2584 2737
2585 2738 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2586 2739 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2587 2740 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2588 2741 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
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2589 2742
2590 2743 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2591 2744 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
2592 2745 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2593 2746 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2594 2747 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2595 2748 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2596 2749 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2597 2750 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2598 2751
2599 -# From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2600 -# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2601 -# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2602 -# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2603 -# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2752 +# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
2753 +# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
2754 +# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
2755 +# standard time is SLST.
2604 2756 #
2605 -# I recollect before the recent change the government announcements
2606 -# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2607 -# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2608 -#
2609 -# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2610 -# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2611 -# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2612 -# item....
2613 -#
2614 -# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2615 -# administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2616 -# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2617 -# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2618 -# slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2619 -#
2620 -# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2621 -# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2622 -# all computers.
2757 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
2758 +# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
2759 +# zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of
2760 +# it in the International Business Times of India in February and
2761 +# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
2762 +# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
2763 +# other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
2764 +# even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
2765 +# switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
2623 2766
2624 -# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2625 -# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2626 -# and then see what people actually say in practice.
2627 -
2628 2767 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2629 2768 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2630 2769 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2631 - 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2632 - 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2633 - 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2634 - 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2635 - 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2636 - 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2637 - 5:30 - IST
2770 + 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5
2771 + 5:30 0:30 +0530/+06 1942 Sep
2772 + 5:30 1:00 +0530/+0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2773 + 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00
2774 + 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2775 + 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2776 + 5:30 - +0530
2638 2777
2639 2778 # Syria
2640 2779 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2641 2780 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2642 2781 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2643 2782 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2644 2783 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2645 2784 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2646 2785 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2647 2786 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2648 2787 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2649 2788 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2650 2789 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2651 2790 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2652 2791 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2653 2792 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2654 2793 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2655 2794 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2656 2795 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2657 2796 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2658 2797 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2659 2798 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2660 2799 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2661 2800 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2662 2801 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2663 2802 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2664 2803 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2665 2804 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2666 2805 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2667 2806 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2668 2807 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2669 2808 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2670 2809 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2671 2810 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2672 2811 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2673 2812 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2674 2813 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2675 2814 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2676 2815 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2677 2816 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2678 2817 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2679 2818 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2680 2819 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2681 2820 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2682 2821 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2683 2822 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2684 2823 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2685 2824 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2686 2825 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2687 2826 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
2688 2827 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2689 2828 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
2690 2829 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
2691 2830 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2692 2831 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2693 2832 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2694 2833 #
2695 2834 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2696 2835 # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
2697 2836 #
2698 2837 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2699 2838 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2700 2839 #
2701 2840 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2702 2841 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2703 2842 #
2704 2843 # which using Google's translate tools says:
2705 2844 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2706 2845 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2707 2846 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2708 2847 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2709 2848
2710 2849 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2711 2850 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2712 2851 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
2713 2852 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2714 2853 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2715 2854 # Variation
2716 2855 # Syrian Arab
2717 2856 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2718 2857 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2719 2858 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2720 2859
2721 2860 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2722 2861 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2723 2862 # Agency (SANA)...
2724 2863 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2725 2864 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2726 2865 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2727 2866 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2728 2867 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2729 2868 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2730 2869
2731 2870 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2732 2871 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2733 2872 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2734 2873 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2735 2874 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2736 2875
2737 2876 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2738 2877 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2739 2878 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2740 2879 #
2741 2880 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2742 2881 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2743 2882 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2744 2883 #
2745 2884 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2746 2885
2747 2886 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2748 2887 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2749 2888 # two examples:
2750 2889 #
2751 2890 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2752 2891 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2753 2892 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2754 2893 # (Arabic, gov-site)
2755 2894 #
2756 2895 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2757 2896 #
2758 2897 # Our summary
2759 2898 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2760 2899
2761 2900 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2762 2901 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2763 2902 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2764 2903 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2765 2904 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2766 2905
2767 2906 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2768 2907 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2769 2908 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2770 2909 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2771 2910
2772 2911 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2773 2912 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2774 2913 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2775 2914 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
2776 2915 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
2777 2916
2778 2917 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2779 2918 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
2780 2919 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
2781 2920 #
2782 2921 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
2783 2922 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
2784 2923 #
2785 2924 # Our brief summary:
2786 2925 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
2787 2926
2788 2927 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2789 2928 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
2790 2929
2791 2930 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2792 2931 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2793 2932 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2794 2933 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2795 2934 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
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2796 2935 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2797 2936
2798 2937 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2799 2938 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2800 2939 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2801 2940
2802 2941 # Tajikistan
2803 2942 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2804 2943 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2805 2944 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2806 - 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2807 - 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2808 - 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2809 - 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2945 + 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2946 + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2947 + 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2948 + 5:00 - +05
2810 2949
2811 2950 # Thailand
2812 2951 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2813 2952 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2814 2953 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2815 2954 7:00 - ICT
2816 2955 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
2817 2956 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
2818 2957
2819 2958 # Turkmenistan
2820 2959 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2821 2960 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2822 2961 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2823 - 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2824 - 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2825 - 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2826 - 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2827 - 5:00 - TMT
2962 + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2963 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2964 + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2965 + 5:00 - +05
2828 2966
2829 2967 # United Arab Emirates
2830 2968 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2831 2969 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2832 2970 4:00 - GST
2833 2971 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
2834 2972
2835 2973 # Uzbekistan
2836 2974 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
2837 2975 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2838 2976 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
2839 - 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2840 - 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2841 - 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2842 - 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2843 - 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2844 - 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2845 - 5:00 - UZT
2977 + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2978 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2979 + 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2980 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2981 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
2982 + 5:00 - +05
2846 2983 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
2847 2984 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
2848 - 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2849 - 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2850 - 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2851 - 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2852 - 5:00 - UZT
2985 + 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2986 + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2987 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
2988 + 5:00 - +05
2853 2989
2854 2990 # Vietnam
2855 2991
2856 2992 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
2857 2993 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
2858 2994 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
2859 2995 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
2860 2996 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
2861 2997
2862 2998 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2863 2999 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
2864 3000 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2865 3001
2866 3002 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
2867 3003 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
2868 3004 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
2869 3005 # is quoted verbatim in:
2870 3006 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
2871 3007 # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
2872 3008 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
2873 3009 # and is the basis for the information below.
2874 3010 #
2875 3011 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
2876 3012 # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris.
2877 3013 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
2878 3014 # the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
2879 3015 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
2880 3016 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
2881 3017 # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
2882 3018 #
2883 3019 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
2884 3020 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
2885 3021 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
2886 3022 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
2887 3023 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
2888 3024 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
2889 3025 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
2890 3026 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
2891 3027 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
2892 3028 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
2893 3029 #
2894 3030 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
2895 3031 #
2896 3032 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
2897 3033 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
2898 3034 #
2899 3035 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
2900 3036 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
2901 3037 #
2902 3038 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
2903 3039 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
2904 3040
2905 3041 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2906 3042 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
2907 3043 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
2908 3044 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00
2909 3045 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00
2910 3046 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
2911 3047 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1
2912 3048 8:00 - IDT 1955 Jul 1
2913 3049 7:00 - ICT 1959 Dec 31 23:00
2914 3050 8:00 - IDT 1975 Jun 13
2915 3051 7:00 - ICT
2916 3052
2917 3053 # Yemen
2918 3054 # See Asia/Riyadh.
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