62 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
63
64 # From Guy Harris:
65 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
66 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
67 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
68 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
69
70 ###############################################################################
71
72 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
73 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
74 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
75 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
76 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
77 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
78 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
79 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
80 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
81 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
82 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
83 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
84 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
85 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
86 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
87 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
88 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
89
90 # Afghanistan
91 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
92 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
93 4:00 - AFT 1945
94 4:30 - AFT
95
96 # Armenia
97 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
98 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
99 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
100 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
101 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
102 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
103 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
104 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
105 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
106
107 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
108 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
109 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
110
111 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
112 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
113 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
114 #
115 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
116 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
117 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
118 # or
119 # (brief)
120 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
121 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
122 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
123 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
124 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
125 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
126 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
127 4:00 - AMT 1997
128 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s
129 4:00 - AMT
130
131 # Azerbaijan
132
133 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
134 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
135 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
136 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
137
138 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
139 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
140 # daylight saving time....
141 # http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
142 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
143 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
144
145 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
146 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
147 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
148 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
149 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
150 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
151 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
152 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
153 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
154 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan Time
155 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
156 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
157
158 # Bahrain
159 # See Asia/Qatar.
160
161 # Bangladesh
162 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
163 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
164 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
165 #
166 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
167 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
168 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
169 #
170 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
171 # June
172 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
173 # crippling power crisis. "
174 #
175 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
176 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
255 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
256 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
257 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
258 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
259 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
260 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
261 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
262 6:00 - IOT
263
264 # Brunei
265 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
266 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
267 7:30 - BNT 1933
268 8:00 - BNT
269
270 # Burma / Myanmar
271
272 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
273
274 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
275 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
276 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
277 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
278 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
279 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
280
281 # Cambodia
282 # See Asia/Bangkok.
283
284
285 # China
286
287 # From Guy Harris:
288 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
289
290 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
291 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
292 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
293 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
294 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
295 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
370 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
371 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
372 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
373 # became used by railways as well.
374 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
375 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
376 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
377 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
378 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
379 # Japanese-occupied territory.
380 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
381 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
382 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
383 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
384 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
385 #
386 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
387 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
388 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
389 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
390 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8.
391 #
392 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
393 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
394 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
395 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
396 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
397 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
398 #
399 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5
400 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
401 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
402 #
403 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8
404 # Asia/Shanghai
405 # most of China
406 # This currently represents most other zones as well,
407 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
408 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
409 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century".
410 #
411 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7
412 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
413 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
414 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
415 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
416 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
417 #
418 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6
419 # Asia/Urumqi
420 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
421 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
422 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
423 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
424 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
425 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
426 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
427 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
428 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
429 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
430 #
431 # Kunlun Time UT+5.5
432 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
433 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
434 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
435 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
436 # and Yarkand.
437
438 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
439 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
440 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
441 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
442 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
443 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
444 #
445 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
446 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
447 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
448 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
449 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
450 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
451 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
452 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
453 #
454 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
455 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
456 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
457 #
458 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
459 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
460 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
461 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
462 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
463
464 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
465 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
466 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
467 #
483 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
484
485 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
486 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
487 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
488
489 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
490 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
491 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
492 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
493 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
494 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
495 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
496 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
497 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
498 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
499 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
500 # having the same time as Beijing.
501
502 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
503 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but
504 # this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
505 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
506 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
507 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
508 #
509 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
510 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
511 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
512 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
513 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
514 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
515 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
516 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
517 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
518 # XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
519 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
520 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before
521 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and
522 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
523 # UT+8 mandate back then.
524
525 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
526 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
527 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
528 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
529 8:00 PRC C%sT
530 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
531 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
532 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
533 6:00 - XJT
534
535
536 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
537
538 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
539
540 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
541 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
542 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
543 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
708 #
709 # Original Bulletin:
710 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
711 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
712 #
713 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
714 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
715 #
716 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
717 #
718 # Here is a brief translation:
719 #
720 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
721 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
722 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
723 #
724 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
725 # be found from historical government announcement database.
726
727 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
728 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01
729 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
730 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
731
732 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
733 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
734 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
735 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
736 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
737 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
738 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
739 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
740 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
741 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
742 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
743 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
744 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
745 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
746 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
747 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
748
822 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
823 # of integration into Europe.
824
825 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
826 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
827 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
828 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
829 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
830 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
831 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
832 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
833 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
834
835 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
836 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
837 # Go with Byalokoz.
838
839 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
840 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
841 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
842 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
843 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
844 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
845 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
846 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
847 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
848 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
849 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
850 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
851 4:00 - GET
852
853 # East Timor
854
855 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
856
857 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
858 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
859 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
860 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
861 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
862 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
863 # conflicts with their way of life.
864
865 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
866 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
867 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
868
869 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
870 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
871 # (2000-08-16):
908 #
909 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
910 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
911 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
912 #
913 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
914 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
915 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
916 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
917 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
918 #
919 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
920 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
921 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
922 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
923 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
924 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
925 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
926 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
927 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
928 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
929 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
930 # switched on 1945-09-23.
931 #
932 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
933 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
934 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
935 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
936 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
937 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
938 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
939 # The abbreviations are:
940 #
941 # WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
942 # WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
943 # WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
944 #
945 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
946 # Java, Sumatra
947 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
948 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
949 # but this must be a typo.
950 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
951 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
952 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23
953 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
954 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
955 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
956 7:30 - WIB 1964
957 7:00 - WIB
958 # west and central Borneo
959 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
960 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
961 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29
962 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
963 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
1550 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1551 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1552 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1553 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1554 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1555 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1556 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1557 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1558 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1559 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1560 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
1561 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1562 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1563 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1564 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1565 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1566
1567
1568 # Kazakhstan
1569
1570 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1571 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1572 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1573 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1574 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1575 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1576
1577 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1578 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1579 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1580 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1581 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1582 #
1583 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1584 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1585 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1586
1587 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
1588 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
1589 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1590 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1591 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1592 #
1593 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1594 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1595 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1596 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1597 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1598 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1599 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1600 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1601 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1602
1603 #
1604 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1605 #
1606 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1607 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1608 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1609 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1610 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1611 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1612 6:00 - ALMT
1613 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1614 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1615 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1616 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1617 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1618 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1619 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1620 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1621 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1622 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1623 6:00 - QYZT
1624 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk)
1625 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1626 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1627 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1628 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1629 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1630 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1631 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1632 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1633 5:00 - AQTT
1634 # Mangghystau
1635 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1636 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1637 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1638 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1639 5:00 - FORT 1963
1640 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1641 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1642 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1643 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1644 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1645 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1646 5:00 - AQTT
1647 # West Kazakhstan
1648 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1649 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1650 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1651 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1652 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1653 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1654 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1655 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1656 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1657 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1658 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1659 5:00 - ORAT
1660
1661 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1662 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1663
1664 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1665 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1666 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
1667 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1668 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1669 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1670 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1671 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1672
1673 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1674 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1675 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1676 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1677 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1678 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1679 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1680 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1681 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1682 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1683 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1684 6:00 - KGT
1685
1686 ###############################################################################
1687
1688 # Korea (North and South)
1689
1690 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
1691 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
1692 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
1693 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
1694 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
1695
1696 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
1697 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
1698 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
1699 # http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
1700 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
1701 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
1702 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
1703 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
1704 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
1705 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
1706
1707 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1708 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1709 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1710 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
1711 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1712 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1713 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1714 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
1715 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1716 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1717 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1718 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1719 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S
1720 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1721 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
1722
1723 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30):
1724 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
1725 #
1726 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5)
1727 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
1728 # (Announcement No. 338)
1729 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
1730 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
1731 # 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)
1732 #
1733 # The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change
1734 # to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change
1735 # to UT+9 on 1912-01-01? Omit the 1910 change for now.
1736 #
1737 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1738 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
1739 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1740 #
1741 # For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II.
1742
1743 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
1744 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
1745 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
1746 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
1747 #
1748 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
1749 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
1750 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
1751 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
1752 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
1753 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
1754
1755 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1756 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1757 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1758 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1759 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1760 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1761 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1881 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
1882 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
1883 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
1884 #
1885 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1886
1887 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1888 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1889 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1890 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1891 #
1892 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1893 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1894 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1895
1896 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1897 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1898 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1899 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1900 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
1901 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1902 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1903 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1904 # He also found
1905 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
1906 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1907 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1908 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1909 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1910 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1911 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1912 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1913
1914 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1915 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1916 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1917 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1918
1919 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1920 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1921 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
2384 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
2385 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
2386
2387 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
2388 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
2389 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
2390 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
2391 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
2392 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
2393 # official source...:
2394 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
2395
2396 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
2397 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
2398 # and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
2399 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
2400 #
2401 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
2402 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
2403 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
2404 # For future dates, guess the last Friday in March at 24:00 through
2405 # the first Friday on or after October 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with
2406 # the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs:
2407 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
2408 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
2409
2410 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
2411 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
2412 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
2413 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
2414 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
2415 #
2416 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12):
2417 # Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2418 # Leave fall predictions alone for now.
2419
2420 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2421 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2422 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2423 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2424 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2425 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2426 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2427
2428 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2429 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2430 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2431 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2432 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2433 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2434 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2435 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2436 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2437 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
2438 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2439 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2440 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
2441 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2442 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
2443 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2444 Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2445 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
2446 Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2447 Rule Palestine 2014 max - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2448 Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
2449 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar lastSat 1:00 1:00 S
2450
2451 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2452 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2453 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2454 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2455 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2456 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2457 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
2458 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
2459 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
2460 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2461 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2462 2:00 - EET 2012
2463 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2464
2465 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2466 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2467 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2468 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2469 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2517
2518 # Saudi Arabia
2519 #
2520 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2521 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2522 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2523 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2524 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2525 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2526 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2527 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2528 #
2529 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2530 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2531 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2532 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2533 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2534 # earlier date.
2535 #
2536 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2537 # time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of
2538 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2539 #
2540 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2541 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2542 3:00 - AST
2543 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
2544 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
2545
2546 # Singapore
2547 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2548 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2549 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2550 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2551 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2552 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2553 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2554 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2555 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2556 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2557 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2579 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2580 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
2581 # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26):
2582 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2583 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2584
2585 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2586 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2587 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2588 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2589
2590 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2591 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
2592 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2593 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2594 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2595 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2596 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2597 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2598
2599 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2600 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2601 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2602 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2603 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2604 #
2605 # I recollect before the recent change the government announcements
2606 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2607 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2608 #
2609 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2610 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2611 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2612 # item....
2613 #
2614 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2615 # administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2616 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2617 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2618 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2619 #
2620 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2621 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2622 # all computers.
2623
2624 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2625 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2626 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
2627
2628 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2629 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2630 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2631 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2632 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2633 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2634 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2635 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2636 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2637 5:30 - IST
2638
2639 # Syria
2640 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2641 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2642 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2643 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2644 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2645 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2646 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2647 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2648 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2649 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2650 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2651 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2652 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2653 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2654 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2655 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2656 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2657 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2786 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
2787
2788 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2789 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
2790
2791 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2792 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2793 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2794 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2795 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2796 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2797
2798 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2799 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2800 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2801
2802 # Tajikistan
2803 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2804 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2805 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2806 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2807 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2808 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2809 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2810
2811 # Thailand
2812 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2813 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2814 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2815 7:00 - ICT
2816 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
2817 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
2818
2819 # Turkmenistan
2820 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2821 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2822 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2823 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2824 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2825 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2826 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2827 5:00 - TMT
2828
2829 # United Arab Emirates
2830 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2831 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2832 4:00 - GST
2833 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
2834
2835 # Uzbekistan
2836 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
2837 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2838 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
2839 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2840 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2841 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2842 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2843 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2844 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2845 5:00 - UZT
2846 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
2847 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
2848 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2849 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2850 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2851 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2852 5:00 - UZT
2853
2854 # Vietnam
2855
2856 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
2857 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
2858 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
2859 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
2860 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
2861
2862 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2863 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
2864 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2865
2866 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
2867 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
2868 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
2869 # is quoted verbatim in:
2870 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
2871 # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
2872 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
|
62 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
63
64 # From Guy Harris:
65 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
66 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
67 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
68 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
69
70 ###############################################################################
71
72 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
73 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
74 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
75 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
76 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
77 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
78 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
79 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
80 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
81 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
82 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
83 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2011 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
84 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2011 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
85
86 # Afghanistan
87 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
88 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
89 4:00 - AFT 1945
90 4:30 - AFT
91
92 # Armenia
93 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
94 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
95 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
96 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
97 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
98 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
99 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
100 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
101 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
102
103 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
104 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
105 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
106
107 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
108 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
109 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
110 #
111 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
112 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
113 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
114 # or
115 # (brief)
116 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
117 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
118 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
119 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
120 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
121 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
122 4:00 - +04 1997
123 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05
124
125 # Azerbaijan
126
127 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
128 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
129 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
130 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
131
132 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
133 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
134 # daylight saving time....
135 # http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
136 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
137 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
138
139 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
140 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
141 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
142 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
143 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
144 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
145 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
146 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
147 4:00 - +04 1996
148 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997
149 4:00 Azer +04/+05
150
151 # Bahrain
152 # See Asia/Qatar.
153
154 # Bangladesh
155 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
156 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
157 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
158 #
159 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
160 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
161 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
162 #
163 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
164 # June
165 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
166 # crippling power crisis. "
167 #
168 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
169 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
248 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
249 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
250 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
251 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
252 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
253 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
254 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
255 6:00 - IOT
256
257 # Brunei
258 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
259 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
260 7:30 - BNT 1933
261 8:00 - BNT
262
263 # Burma / Myanmar
264
265 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
266
267 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
268 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
269 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
270 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
271 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
272 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
273
274 # Cambodia
275 # See Asia/Bangkok.
276
277
278 # China
279
280 # From Guy Harris:
281 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
282
283 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
284 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
285 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
286 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
287 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
288 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
363 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
364 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
365 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
366 # became used by railways as well.
367 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
368 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
369 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
370 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
371 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
372 # Japanese-occupied territory.
373 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
374 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
375 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
376 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
377 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
378 #
379 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
380 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
381 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
382 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
383 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
384 #
385 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
386 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
387 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
388 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
389 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
390 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
391 #
392 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
393 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
394 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
395 #
396 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
397 # Asia/Shanghai
398 # most of China
399 # This currently represents most other zones as well,
400 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
401 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
402 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
403 #
404 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of the area) UT +07
405 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
406 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
407 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
408 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
409 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
410 #
411 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
412 # Asia/Urumqi
413 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
414 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
415 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
416 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
417 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
418 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
419 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
420 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
421 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
422 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
423 #
424 # Kunlun Time UT +05:30
425 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
426 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
427 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
428 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
429 # and Yarkand.
430
431 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
432 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
433 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
434 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
435 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
436 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
437 #
438 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
439 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
440 # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
441 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
442 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
443 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
444 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
445 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
446 #
447 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
448 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
449 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
450 #
451 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
452 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
453 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
454 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
455 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
456
457 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
458 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
459 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
460 #
476 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
477
478 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
479 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
480 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
481
482 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
483 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
484 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
485 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
486 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
487 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
488 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
489 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
490 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
491 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
492 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
493 # having the same time as Beijing.
494
495 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
496 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
497 # but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
498 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
499 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
500 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
501 #
502 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
503 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
504 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
505 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
506 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
507 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
508 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
509 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
510 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
511 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
512 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
513 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
514 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
515 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
516 # +08 mandate back then.
517
518 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
519 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
520 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
521 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
522 8:00 PRC C%sT
523 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
524 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
525 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
526 6:00 - XJT
527
528
529 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
530
531 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
532
533 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
534 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
535 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
536 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
701 #
702 # Original Bulletin:
703 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
704 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
705 #
706 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
707 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
708 #
709 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
710 #
711 # Here is a brief translation:
712 #
713 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
714 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
715 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
716 #
717 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
718 # be found from historical government announcement database.
719
720 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
721 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
722 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
723 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
724
725 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
726 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
727 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
728 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
729 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
730 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
731 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
732 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
733 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
734 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
735 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
736 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
737 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
738 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
739 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
740 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
741
815 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
816 # of integration into Europe.
817
818 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
819 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
820 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
821 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
822 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
823 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
824 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
825 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
826 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
827
828 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
829 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
830 # Go with Byalokoz.
831
832 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
833 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
834 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
835 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
836 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
837 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992
838 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun
839 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun
840 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun
841 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27
842 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
843 4:00 - +04
844
845 # East Timor
846
847 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
848
849 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
850 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
851 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
852 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
853 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
854 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
855 # conflicts with their way of life.
856
857 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
858 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
859 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
860
861 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
862 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
863 # (2000-08-16):
900 #
901 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
902 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
903 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
904 #
905 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
906 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
907 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
908 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
909 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
910 #
911 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
912 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
913 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
914 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
915 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
916 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
917 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
918 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
919 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
920 # from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
921 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
922 # switched on 1945-09-23.
923 #
924 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
925 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
926 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
927 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
928 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
929 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
930 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
931 # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
932 #
933 # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
934 # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
935 # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
936 #
937 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
938 # Java, Sumatra
939 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
940 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
941 # but this must be a typo.
942 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
943 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
944 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23
945 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
946 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
947 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
948 7:30 - WIB 1964
949 7:00 - WIB
950 # west and central Borneo
951 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
952 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
953 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29
954 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
955 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
1542 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1543 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1544 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1545 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1546 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1547 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1548 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1549 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1550 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1551 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1552 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
1553 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1554 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1555 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1556 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1557 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1558
1559
1560 # Kazakhstan
1561
1562 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
1563 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
1564 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1565 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1566 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1567 #
1568 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1569 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1570 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1571 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1572 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1573 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1574 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1575 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1576 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1577
1578 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27) ([*] means see later comments below):
1579 # Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
1580 # produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
1581 #
1582 # 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
1583 # from 1991-02-04 No. 20
1584 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
1585 # removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
1586 # starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
1587 # It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
1588 # Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
1589 #
1590 # The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
1591 # of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
1592 # of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
1593 # text.
1594 #
1595 # According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
1596 # (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
1597 # http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
1598 # transition to "summer" time:
1599 # Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
1600 # Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
1601 # were to move clocks 1 hour forward.
1602 # Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik
1603 # SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts
1604 # of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
1605 # Other territories were to not move clocks.
1606 # When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
1607 # moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
1608 # Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
1609 #
1610 # Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
1611 # was one of such changes.
1612 #
1613 # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время
1614 # claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
1615 # Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
1616 # were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
1617 # forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
1618 # (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
1619 # article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
1620 # move clocks.)
1621 #
1622 # This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
1623 # the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
1624 # to +04/+05. It's unclear how Kzyl-Orda oblast moved into the fifth
1625 # time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
1626 #
1627 # 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1628 # from 1992-01-13 No. 28
1629 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
1630 # (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
1631 # introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
1632 # 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated
1633 # according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
1634 # on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
1635 # 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
1636 # located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
1637 # border between them to be located east of Kustanay and Aktyubinsk
1638 # oblasts (notably including Turgai and Kzyl-Orda oblasts into the fifth
1639 # time belt).
1640 #
1641 # This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
1642 # Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyrau and Kustanay oblasts; from
1643 # +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk) [*]....
1644 #
1645 # 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1646 # from 1992-03-27 No. 284
1647 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
1648 # cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Kzyl-Orda oblasts
1649 # since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
1650 # and the fifth time belts respectively.
1651 #
1652 # 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1653 # from 1994-09-23 No. 384
1654 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
1655 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangystau
1656 # oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
1657 # the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
1658 # result)....
1659 #
1660 # 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1661 # from 1996-05-08 No. 575
1662 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
1663 # amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
1664 # of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
1665 #
1666 # 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1667 # from 1999-03-26 No. 305
1668 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
1669 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyrau oblast since the
1670 # last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
1671 # time belt.
1672 #
1673 # This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.
1674 #
1675 # There is no zone for Atyrau currently (listed under Asia/Aqtau in
1676 # zone1970.tab).[*]
1677 #
1678 # 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1679 # from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
1680 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
1681 # replaces the previous five documents.
1682 #
1683 # The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
1684 # fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling
1685 # and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
1686 # probably changed time in territories incorporated into Kostanay oblast
1687 # (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Kyzylorda oblast
1688 # from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
1689 # fourth time belt (no change in practice).[*]
1690 #
1691 # 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1692 # from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
1693 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
1694 # modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently.
1695 #
1696 # 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1697 # from 2004-07-20 No. 775
1698 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
1699 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Kostanay and Kyzylorda oblasts into
1700 # the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
1701 # using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
1702 # zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented
1703 # during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
1704 # amended before implementation happened.
1705 #
1706 # 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1707 # from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
1708 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
1709 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
1710 # (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
1711 # 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyrau, West Kazakhstan,
1712 # Kostanay, Kyzylorda and Mangystau oblasts by not moving clocks
1713 # during the 2014 transition to "winter" time.
1714 #
1715 # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyrau oblast (no
1716 # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
1717 # +06/+07 for Kostanay oblast (Kostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
1718 # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....[*]
1719 #
1720 # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1721 # from 2005-03-15 No. 231
1722 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
1723 # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
1724 # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
1725 # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
1726 # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
1727 # time.
1728 #
1729 # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
1730 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
1731 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
1732 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
1733
1734 # From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
1735 # The tables below should reflect Stepan Golosunov's remarks above,
1736 # except for the items marked "[*]" which I haven't gotten to yet.
1737 # It looks like we will need new zones Asia/Atyrau and Asia/Qostanay
1738 # to handle changes from 1992 through 2004 that we did not previously
1739 # know about.
1740
1741 #
1742 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1743 #
1744 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1745 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
1746 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
1747 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1748 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
1749 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1750 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1751 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1752 6:00 - +06
1753 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
1754 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1755 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1756 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1757 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1758 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1759 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1760 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1761 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1762 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1763 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1764 6:00 - +06
1765 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
1766 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1767 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1768 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1769 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1770 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1771 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1772 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1773 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1774 5:00 - +05
1775 # Qostanay (KZ-KUS)
1776
1777 # Mangghystau (KZ-MAN)
1778 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1779 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1780 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1781 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1782 5:00 - +05 1963
1783 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
1784 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1785 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1786 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1787 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
1788 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1789 5:00 - +05
1790
1791 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
1792 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1793 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1794 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1795 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1796 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1797 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1798 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1799 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1800 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1801 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1802 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1803 5:00 - +05
1804
1805 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1806 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1807
1808 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1809 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1810 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
1811 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1812 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1813 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1814 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1815 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1816
1817 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1818 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1819 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1820 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1821 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1822 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1823 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1824 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
1825 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1826 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00
1827 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12
1828 6:00 - +06
1829
1830 ###############################################################################
1831
1832 # Korea (North and South)
1833
1834 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
1835 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
1836 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
1837 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
1838 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
1839
1840 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
1841 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
1842 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
1843 # http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
1844 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
1845 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
1846 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
1847 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
1848 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
1849 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
1850
1851 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1852 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1853 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1854 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
1855 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1856 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1857 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1858 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
1859 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1860 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1861 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1862 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1863 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S
1864 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1865 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
1866
1867 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
1868 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
1869 #
1870 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
1871 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
1872 # (Announcement No. 338)
1873 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
1874 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
1875 #
1876 # (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
1877 # edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
1878 #
1879 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1880 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
1881 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1882 #
1883 # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
1884 # have no information otherwise.
1885
1886 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
1887 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
1888 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
1889 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
1890 #
1891 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
1892 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
1893 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
1894 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
1895 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
1896 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
1897
1898 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1899 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1900 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1901 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1902 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1903 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1904 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
2024 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
2025 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
2026 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
2027 #
2028 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
2029
2030 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
2031 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
2032 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
2033 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
2034 #
2035 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
2036 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
2037 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
2038
2039 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
2040 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
2041 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
2042 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
2043 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
2044 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
2045 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
2046 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
2047 # He also found
2048 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
2049 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
2050 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
2051 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
2052 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
2053 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
2054 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
2055 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
2056
2057 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
2058 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
2059 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
2060 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
2061
2062 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
2063 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
2064 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
2527 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
2528 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
2529
2530 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
2531 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
2532 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
2533 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
2534 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
2535 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
2536 # official source...:
2537 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
2538
2539 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
2540 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
2541 # and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
2542 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
2543 #
2544 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
2545 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
2546 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
2547
2548 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
2549 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
2550 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
2551 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
2552 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
2553 #
2554 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12):
2555 # Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2556
2557 # From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):
2558 # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
2559 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
2560 # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
2561 #
2562 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):
2563 # Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2564 # This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring
2565 # predictions.
2566 #
2567 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):
2568 # It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:
2569 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
2570 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
2571
2572 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2573 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2574 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2575 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2576 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2577 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2578 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2579
2580 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2581 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2582 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2583 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2584 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2585 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2586 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2587 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2588 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2589 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
2590 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2591 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2592 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
2593 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2594 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
2595 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2596 Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2597 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
2598 Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2599 Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2600 Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
2601 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar lastSat 1:00 1:00 S
2602 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 -
2603
2604 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2605 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2606 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2607 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2608 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2609 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2610 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
2611 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
2612 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
2613 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2614 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2615 2:00 - EET 2012
2616 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2617
2618 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2619 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2620 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2621 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2622 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2670
2671 # Saudi Arabia
2672 #
2673 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2674 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2675 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2676 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2677 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2678 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2679 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2680 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2681 #
2682 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2683 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2684 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2685 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2686 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2687 # earlier date.
2688 #
2689 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2690 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
2691 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2692 #
2693 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2694 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2695 3:00 - AST
2696 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
2697 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
2698
2699 # Singapore
2700 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2701 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2702 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2703 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2704 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2705 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2706 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2707 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2708 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2709 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2710 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2732 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2733 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
2734 # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26):
2735 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2736 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2737
2738 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2739 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2740 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2741 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2742
2743 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2744 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
2745 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2746 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2747 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2748 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2749 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2750 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2751
2752 # From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
2753 # According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
2754 # Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
2755 # standard time is SLST.
2756 #
2757 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
2758 # "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
2759 # zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of
2760 # it in the International Business Times of India in February and
2761 # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
2762 # since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
2763 # other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
2764 # even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
2765 # switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
2766
2767 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2768 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2769 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2770 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5
2771 5:30 0:30 +0530/+06 1942 Sep
2772 5:30 1:00 +0530/+0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2773 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00
2774 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2775 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2776 5:30 - +0530
2777
2778 # Syria
2779 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2780 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2781 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2782 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2783 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2784 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2785 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2786 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2787 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2788 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2789 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2790 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2791 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2792 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2793 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2794 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2795 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2796 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2925 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
2926
2927 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2928 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
2929
2930 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2931 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2932 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2933 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2934 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2935 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2936
2937 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2938 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2939 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2940
2941 # Tajikistan
2942 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2943 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2944 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2945 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2946 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2947 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2948 5:00 - +05
2949
2950 # Thailand
2951 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2952 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2953 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2954 7:00 - ICT
2955 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
2956 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
2957
2958 # Turkmenistan
2959 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2960 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2961 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2962 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2963 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2964 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2965 5:00 - +05
2966
2967 # United Arab Emirates
2968 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2969 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2970 4:00 - GST
2971 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
2972
2973 # Uzbekistan
2974 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
2975 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2976 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
2977 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2978 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2979 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2980 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2981 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
2982 5:00 - +05
2983 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
2984 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
2985 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2986 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2987 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
2988 5:00 - +05
2989
2990 # Vietnam
2991
2992 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
2993 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
2994 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
2995 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
2996 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
2997
2998 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2999 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
3000 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
3001
3002 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
3003 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
3004 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
3005 # is quoted verbatim in:
3006 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
3007 # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
3008 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
|