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--- old/usr/src/cmd/zic/africa
+++ new/usr/src/cmd/zic/africa
1 1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3 3
4 4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8 8
9 9 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
10 10 #
11 11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 15 #
16 16 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17 17 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18 18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 22 #
23 23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 26 #
27 27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 29 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30 30 #
31 31 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
32 32 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
33 33 #
34 34 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
35 35 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
36 36 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
37 37 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
38 38 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
39 39 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
40 40 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
41 41 # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
42 42 #
43 43 # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
44 44 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
45 45 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
46 46 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
47 47 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
48 48 #
49 49 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
50 50 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
51 51 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
52 52 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
53 53 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
54 54 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
55 55 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
56 56 # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
57 57 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
58 58 # until we get more information.
59 59 #
60 60 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
61 61 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
62 62 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
63 63 # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
64 64 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
65 65 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
66 66 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
67 67
68 68 # Algeria
69 69 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
70 70 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
71 71 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
72 72 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
73 73 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
74 74 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
75 75 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
76 76 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
77 77 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
78 78 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
79 79 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
80 80 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
81 81 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
82 82 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
83 83 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
84 84 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
85 85 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
86 86 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
87 87 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
88 88 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
89 89 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
90 90 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
91 91 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
92 92 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
93 93 # more precise 0:09:21.
94 94 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
95 95 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
96 96 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
97 97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
98 98 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
99 99 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
100 100 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
101 101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
102 102 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
103 103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
104 104 1:00 - CET
105 105
106 106 # Angola
107 107 # Benin
108 108 # See Africa/Lagos.
109 109
110 110 # Botswana
111 111 # See Africa/Maputo.
112 112
113 113 # Burkina Faso
114 114 # See Africa/Abidjan.
115 115
116 116 # Burundi
117 117 # See Africa/Maputo.
118 118
119 119 # Cameroon
120 120 # See Africa/Lagos.
121 121
122 122 # Cape Verde
123 123 #
124 124 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
125 125 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
126 126 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
127 127 # merely made it official?
128 128 #
129 129 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
130 130 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
131 131 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
132 132 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
133 133 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
134 134 -1:00 - CVT
135 135
136 136 # Central African Republic
137 137 # See Africa/Lagos.
138 138
139 139 # Chad
140 140 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
141 141 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
142 142 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
143 143 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
144 144 1:00 - WAT
145 145
146 146 # Comoros
147 147 # See Africa/Nairobi.
148 148
149 149 # Democratic Republic of the Congo
150 150 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
151 151
152 152 # Republic of the Congo
153 153 # See Africa/Lagos.
154 154
155 155 # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
156 156 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
157 157 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
158 158 0:00 - GMT
159 159 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
160 160 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
161 161 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
162 162 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
163 163 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
164 164 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
165 165 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
166 166 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
167 167 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe
168 168 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
169 169
170 170 # Djibouti
171 171 # See Africa/Nairobi.
172 172
173 173 ###############################################################################
174 174
175 175 # Egypt
176 176
177 177 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
178 178 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
179 179 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
180 180 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
181 181
182 182 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
183 183 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
184 184 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
185 185 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
186 186 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
187 187 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
188 188 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
189 189 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
190 190 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
191 191 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
192 192 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
193 193 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
194 194 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
195 195 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
196 196 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
197 197 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
198 198 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
199 199 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
200 200 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
201 201 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
202 202 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
203 203 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
204 204
205 205 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
206 206 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
207 207 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
208 208 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
209 209 #
210 210 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
211 211 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
212 212 # or
213 213 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
214 214 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
215 215 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
216 216 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
217 217 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
218 218 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
219 219 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
220 220 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
221 221 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
222 222 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
223 223 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
224 224 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
225 225 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
226 226 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
227 227 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
228 228 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
229 229 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
230 230 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
231 231 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
232 232 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
233 233 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
234 234 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
235 235 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
236 236 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
237 237 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
238 238 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
239 239 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
240 240
241 241 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
242 242 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
243 243 #
244 244 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
245 245 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
246 246 # Apr 23
247 247 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
248 248 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
249 249 # Apr 24
250 250 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
251 251 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
252 252 # Aug 27
253 253 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
254 254 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
255 255 # Aug 27
256 256 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
257 257 #
258 258 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
259 259 # :59)
260 260 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
261 261 #
262 262 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
263 263 #
264 264 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
265 265 # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
266 266 # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
267 267
268 268 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
269 269 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
270 270 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
271 271 # in September.
272 272
273 273 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
274 274 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
275 275 # Information and Decision Support Center:
276 276 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
277 277 #
278 278 # The Middle East News Agency
279 279 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
280 280 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
281 281 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
282 282 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
283 283 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
284 284 # (at least today).
285 285
286 286 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
287 287 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
288 288 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
289 289 # Ramadan.
290 290 #
291 291 # Arabic translation:
292 292 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
293 293 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
294 294 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
295 295
296 296 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
297 297 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
298 298 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
299 299
300 300 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
301 301 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
302 302
303 303 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
304 304 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
305 305 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
306 306 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
307 307 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
308 308 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
309 309 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
310 310 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
311 311 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
312 312 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
313 313 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
314 314 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
315 315
316 316 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
317 317 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
318 318 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
319 319 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
320 320 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
321 321 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
322 322
323 323 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
324 324 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
325 325 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
326 326 # Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
327 327 # dates not yet announced....
328 328 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
329 329 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
330 330
331 331 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
332 332 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
333 333 # least for 2015.
334 334 #
335 335 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
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336 336 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
337 337 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
338 338 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
339 339 # practice altogether in future years."
340 340 #
341 341 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
342 342 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
343 343 # decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
344 344 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
345 345
346 +# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
347 +# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
348 +# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
349 +# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
350 +# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
351 +
346 352 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
347 353 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
348 354 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
349 355 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
350 356 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
351 357 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
352 358 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
353 359 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
354 360 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
355 361
356 362 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
357 363 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
358 364 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
359 365
360 366 # Equatorial Guinea
361 367 # See Africa/Lagos.
362 368
363 369 # Eritrea
364 370 # Ethiopia
365 371 # See Africa/Nairobi.
366 372
367 373 # Gabon
368 374 # See Africa/Lagos.
369 375
370 376 # Gambia
371 377 # See Africa/Abidjan.
372 378
373 379 # Ghana
374 380 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
375 381 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
376 382 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
377 383 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
378 384 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
379 385 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
380 386 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
381 387 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
382 388 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
383 389 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
384 390 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
385 391 0:00 Ghana %s
386 392
387 393 # Guinea
388 394 # See Africa/Abidjan.
389 395
390 396 # Guinea-Bissau
391 397 #
392 398 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
393 399 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
394 400 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
395 401 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
396 402 #
397 403 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
398 404 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
399 405 -1:00 - WAT 1975
400 406 0:00 - GMT
401 407
402 408 # Kenya
403 409 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404 410 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
405 411 3:00 - EAT 1930
406 412 2:30 - BEAT 1940
407 413 2:45 - BEAUT 1960
408 414 3:00 - EAT
409 415 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
410 416 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
411 417 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
412 418 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
413 419 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
414 420 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
415 421 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
416 422 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
417 423 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
418 424
419 425 # Lesotho
420 426 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
421 427
422 428 # Liberia
423 429 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
424 430 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
425 431 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
426 432 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
427 433 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
428 434 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
429 435 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
430 436 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
431 437 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
432 438 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
433 439 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
434 440 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
435 441 0:00 - GMT
436 442
437 443 ###############################################################################
438 444
439 445 # Libya
440 446
441 447 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
442 448 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
443 449 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
444 450 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
445 451 #
446 452 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
447 453 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
448 454 #
449 455 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
450 456 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
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451 457 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
452 458 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
453 459 # lastFri instead of lastSun).
454 460
455 461 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
456 462 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
457 463 # cancelled yesterday....
458 464 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
459 465 #
460 466 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
461 -# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2.
467 +# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
462 468
463 469 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
464 470 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
465 471 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
466 472 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
467 473 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
468 474 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
469 475 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
470 476 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
471 477 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
472 478 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
473 479 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
474 480 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
475 481 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
476 482 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
477 483 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
478 484 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
479 485 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
480 486 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
481 487 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
482 488 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
483 489 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
484 490 2:00 - EET 1982
485 491 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
486 492 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
487 493 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
488 494 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
489 495 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
490 496 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
491 497 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
492 498 2:00 - EET
493 499
494 500 # Madagascar
495 501 # See Africa/Nairobi.
496 502
497 503 # Malawi
498 504 # See Africa/Maputo.
499 505
500 506 # Mali
501 507 # Mauritania
502 508 # See Africa/Abidjan.
503 509
504 510 # Mauritius
505 511
506 512 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
507 513 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
508 514 # basis....
509 515 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
510 516 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
511 517 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
512 518
513 519 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
514 520 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
515 521
516 522 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
517 523 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
518 524 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
519 525 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
520 526
521 527 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
522 528 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
523 529
524 530 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
525 531 # According to
526 532 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
527 533 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
528 534 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
529 535 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
530 536 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
531 537 #
532 538 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
533 539 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
534 540 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
535 541 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
536 542 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
537 543 # changes two days later.
538 544
539 545 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
540 546 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
541 547 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
542 548 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
543 549 #
544 550 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
545 551 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
546 552 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
547 553 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
548 554
549 555 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
550 556 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
551 557 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
552 558 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
553 559 #
554 560 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
555 561 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
556 562 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
557 563 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
558 564 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
559 565 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
560 566 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
561 567 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
562 568 # and end on 29 March 2009.
563 569
564 570 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
565 571 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
566 572 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
567 573 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
568 574 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
569 575
570 576 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
571 577 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
572 578 # DST the coming summer...
573 579 #
574 580 # Some sources, in French:
575 581 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
576 582 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
577 583 #
578 584 # Our wrap-up:
579 585 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
580 586
581 587 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
582 588 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
583 589 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
584 590 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
585 591
586 592 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
587 593 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
588 594 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
589 595 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
590 596 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
591 597 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
592 598 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
593 599 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
594 600 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
595 601 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
596 602
597 603 # Mayotte
598 604 # See Africa/Nairobi.
599 605
600 606 # Morocco
601 607 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
602 608
603 609 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
604 610 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
605 611 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
606 612 #
607 613 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
608 614 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
609 615 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
610 616 #
611 617 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
612 618 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
613 619
614 620 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
615 621 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
616 622 # Presse:
617 623 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
618 624 #
619 625 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
620 626 # spokesman.
621 627
622 628 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
623 629 # According to this article:
624 630 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
625 631 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
626 632 # the changes occur at midnight:
627 633 #
628 634 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
629 635 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
630 636 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight
631 637 #
632 638 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
633 639 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
634 640 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
635 641 # June 1st to Sept 27th.
636 642 #
637 643 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
638 644 # published on the web.
639 645 #
640 646 # It's also confirmed here:
641 647 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
642 648 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
643 649 # posted in English).
644 650 #
645 651 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
646 652 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
647 653
648 654 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
649 655 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
650 656 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
651 657 # of September:
652 658 #
653 659 # One article about it (in French):
654 660 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
655 661 #
656 662 # We have some further details posted here:
657 663 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
658 664
659 665 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
660 666 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
661 667 # to many sources, such as
662 668 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
663 669 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
664 670 # (French)
665 671 #
666 672 # Our summary:
667 673 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
668 674
669 675 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
670 676 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
671 677 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
672 678 #
673 679 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
674 680 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
675 681 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
676 682 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
677 683 #
678 684 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
679 685 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
680 686
681 687 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
682 688 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
683 689 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
684 690 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
685 691 #
686 692 # Example:
687 693 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
688 694 # (French)
689 695 # Our page:
690 696 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
691 697
692 698 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
693 699 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
694 700 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
695 701 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
696 702 # ...Official links of change in morocco
697 703 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
698 704 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
699 705 # +212.537.71.84.00
700 706 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
701 707 # They said that
702 708 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
703 709 # is the official publication to look at.
704 710 # They said that the decision was already taken.
705 711 #
706 712 # More articles in the press
707 713 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
708 714 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
709 715 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
710 716
711 717 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
712 718 # They have it written in English here:
713 719 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
714 720 #
715 721 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
716 722 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
717 723 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
718 724 # also been like that in the past.
719 725
720 726 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
721 727 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
722 728 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
723 729 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
724 730 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
725 731 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
726 732 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
727 733 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
728 734 # except the month of Ramadan.
729 735 # or (brief)
730 736 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
731 737
732 738 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
733 739 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
734 740 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
735 741 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
736 742 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
737 743 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
738 744
739 745 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
740 746 # Seen Morocco change again:
741 747 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
742 748 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
743 749 # comme annoncé précédemment."
744 750
745 751 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
746 752 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
747 753 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
748 754 #
749 755 # Google translation, lightly edited:
750 756 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
751 757 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
752 758 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
753 759 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
754 760 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
755 761 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
756 762 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
757 763 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
758 764 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
759 765
760 766 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
761 767 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
762 768 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
763 769 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
764 770 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
765 771 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
766 772
767 773 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
768 774 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
769 775 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
770 776 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
771 777
772 778 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
773 779 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
774 780 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
775 781 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
776 782 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
777 783 # source (French):
778 784 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
779 785 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
780 786 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
781 787
782 788 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
783 789 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
784 790
785 791 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
786 792 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
787 793 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
788 794 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
789 795 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
790 796
791 797 # From Milamber (2015-06-08):
792 798 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
793 799 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
794 800 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
795 801 # 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
796 802 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
797 803 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
798 804 # Source (french):
799 805 # http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
800 806 #
801 807 # From Milamber (2015-06-09):
802 808 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
803 809 #
804 810 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
805 811 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
806 812 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
807 813 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
808 814 # <http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
809 815 # with the patch.
810 816
811 817 # From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08):
812 818 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules,
813 819 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
814 820 # Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after
815 821 # Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were
816 822 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
817 823 # results integrated by hand into the table below.
818 824 # (let ((islamic-year 1437))
819 825 # (require 'cal-islam)
820 826 # (while (< islamic-year 1460)
821 827 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
822 828 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
823 829 # (sunday 0))
824 830 # (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
825 831 # (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
826 832 # (setq b (1+ b)))
827 833 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
828 834 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
829 835 # (insert
830 836 # (format
831 837 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
832 838 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
833 839 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
834 840 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
835 841 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
836 842
837 843 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
838 844
839 845 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
840 846 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
841 847 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
842 848 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
843 849 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
844 850 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
845 851 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
846 852 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
847 853 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
848 854 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
849 855 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
850 856 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
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851 857 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
852 858 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
853 859 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
854 860 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
855 861 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
856 862 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
857 863 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
858 864 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
859 865 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
860 866 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
861 -Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 -
867 +Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 -
862 868 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
863 -Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
864 869 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
865 870 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
871 +Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
866 872 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
867 873 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
868 874 Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
869 875 Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
870 876 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 -
871 877 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S
872 878 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 -
873 879 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S
874 880 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 -
875 881 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S
876 882 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 -
877 883 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S
878 884 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 -
879 885 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S
880 886 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 -
881 887 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S
882 888 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 -
883 889 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S
884 890 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 -
885 891 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S
886 892 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S
887 893 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S
888 894 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S
889 895 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S
890 896 Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
891 897 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 -
892 898 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 -
893 899
894 900 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
895 901 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
896 902 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
897 903 1:00 - CET 1986
898 904 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
899 905
900 906 # Western Sahara
901 907 #
902 908 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
903 909 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
904 910 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
905 911 # Morocco does.
906 912 #
907 913 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
908 914 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
909 915 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
910 916
911 917 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
912 918 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
913 919 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
914 920
915 921 # Mozambique
916 922 #
917 923 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
918 924 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
919 925 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
920 926 # merely made it official?
921 927 #
922 928 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
923 929 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
924 930 2:00 - CAT
925 931 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
926 932 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
927 933 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
928 934 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
929 935 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
930 936 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
931 937 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
932 938
933 939 # Namibia
934 940 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
935 941 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
936 942
937 943 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
938 944 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
939 945 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
940 946 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
941 947 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
942 948 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
943 949 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
944 950 # of the country.
945 951 #
946 952 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
947 953 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
948 954 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
949 955
950 956 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
951 957 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
952 958 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
953 959 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
954 960 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
955 961 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
956 962 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
957 963 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
958 964 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
959 965 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
960 966 1:00 Namibia WA%sT
961 967
962 968 # Niger
963 969 # See Africa/Lagos.
964 970
965 971 # Nigeria
966 972 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
967 973 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
968 974 1:00 - WAT
969 975 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
970 976 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
971 977 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
972 978 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
973 979 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
974 980 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
975 981 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
976 982 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
977 983 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
978 984
979 985 # Réunion
980 986 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
981 987 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
982 988 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time
983 989 #
984 990 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
985 991 #
986 992 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
987 993 # The following information about them is taken from
988 994 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
989 995 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
990 996 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
991 997 #
992 998 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
993 999 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
994 1000 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
995 1001 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
996 1002 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
997 1003
998 1004 # Rwanda
999 1005 # See Africa/Maputo.
1000 1006
1001 1007 # St Helena
1002 1008 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1003 1009 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1004 1010 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1005 1011 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1006 1012 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1007 1013 # on GMT, says the CIA
1008 1014 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1009 1015
1010 1016 # São Tomé and Príncipe
1011 1017 # Senegal
1012 1018 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1013 1019
1014 1020 # Seychelles
1015 1021 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1016 1022 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1017 1023 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
1018 1024 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1019 1025 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1020 1026 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1021 1027 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1022 1028 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1023 1029 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1024 1030
1025 1031 # Sierra Leone
1026 1032 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1027 1033
1028 1034 # Somalia
1029 1035 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1030 1036
1031 1037 # South Africa
1032 1038 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1033 1039 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1034 1040 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1035 1041 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1036 1042 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1037 1043 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
1038 1044 2:00 SA SAST
1039 1045 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
1040 1046 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
1041 1047 #
1042 1048 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1043 1049 # scientific station since 1947
1044 1050 # no information
1045 1051
1046 1052 # Sudan
1047 1053 #
1048 1054 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1049 1055 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1050 1056 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1051 1057 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1052 1058 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1053 1059 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1054 1060 #
1055 1061 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1056 1062 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1057 1063 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1058 1064 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1059 1065 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1060 1066 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1061 1067 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1062 1068 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1063 1069 3:00 - EAT
1064 1070
1065 1071 # South Sudan
1066 1072 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1067 1073
1068 1074 # Swaziland
1069 1075 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
1070 1076
1071 1077 # Tanzania
1072 1078 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1073 1079
1074 1080 # Togo
1075 1081 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1076 1082
1077 1083 # Tunisia
1078 1084
1079 1085 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1080 1086 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1081 1087 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
1082 1088 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1083 1089 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1084 1090 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1085 1091 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1086 1092 # Saturday." (My translation)
1087 1093 #
1088 1094 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1089 1095 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1090 1096 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1091 1097 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1092 1098 # 1h standard time.
1093 1099 #
1094 1100 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1095 1101 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1096 1102 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1097 1103 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1098 1104 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1099 1105
1100 1106 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1101 1107 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1102 1108 # (Arabic)
1103 1109 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1104 1110 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1105 1111 #
1106 1112 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1107 1113 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1108 1114 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1109 1115
1110 1116 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1111 1117 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1112 1118 #
1113 1119 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1114 1120 #
1115 1121 # (in English)
1116 1122 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1117 1123 #
1118 1124 # (in Arabic)
1119 1125 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1120 1126
1121 1127 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1122 1128 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1123 1129 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1124 1130 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1125 1131 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1126 1132 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1127 1133
1128 1134 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1129 1135 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1130 1136 #
1131 1137 # (translation):
1132 1138 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1133 1139 # Sunday...
1134 1140 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1135 1141 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1136 1142 #
1137 1143 # (in Arabic)
1138 1144 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1139 1145 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1140 1146 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1141 1147
1142 1148 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1143 1149 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1144 1150 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1145 1151 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1146 1152 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
1147 1153 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
1148 1154 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1149 1155 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
1150 1156 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
1151 1157 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
1152 1158 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1153 1159 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1154 1160 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1155 1161 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1156 1162 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1157 1163 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
1158 1164 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1159 1165 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1160 1166 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1161 1167 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1162 1168 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1163 1169 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1164 1170 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1165 1171 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
1166 1172 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1167 1173 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1168 1174
1169 1175 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1170 1176 # more precise 0:09:21.
1171 1177 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1172 1178 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1173 1179 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
1174 1180 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1175 1181 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
1176 1182
1177 1183 # Uganda
1178 1184 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1179 1185
1180 1186 # Zambia
1181 1187 # Zimbabwe
1182 1188 # See Africa/Maputo.
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