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6402 Update zoneinfo to 2015g
Reviewed by: Josef 'Jeff' Sipek <jeffpc@josefsipek.net>
Reviewed by: Marcel Telka <marcel@telka.sk>
Approved by:
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--- old/usr/src/cmd/zic/asia
+++ new/usr/src/cmd/zic/asia
1 1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3 3
4 4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8 8
9 -# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
9 +# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
10 10 #
11 11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 15 #
16 16 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17 17 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18 18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 22 #
23 23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 26 #
27 27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 29 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30 30 #
31 31 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
32 32 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
33 33 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
34 34 #
35 35 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
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36 36 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
37 37 #
38 38 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
39 39 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
40 40 # Corrections are welcome!
41 41 # std dst
42 42 # LMT Local Mean Time
43 43 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
44 44 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
45 45 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
46 -# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
46 +# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran*
47 47 # 4:00 GST Gulf*
48 48 # 5:30 IST India
49 49 # 7:00 ICT Indochina, most times and locations*
50 50 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
51 51 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
52 52 # 8:00 CST China
53 53 # 8:00 IDT Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)*
54 54 # 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
55 +# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830*
55 56 # 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
56 57 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
57 58 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
58 -# 9:00 KST KDT Korea
59 +# 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
59 60 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
60 61 #
61 62 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
62 63
63 64 # From Guy Harris:
64 65 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
65 66 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
66 67 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
67 68 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
68 69
69 70 ###############################################################################
70 71
71 72 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
72 73 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
73 74 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
74 75 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
75 76 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
76 77 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
77 78 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
78 79 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
79 80 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
80 81 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
81 82 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
82 83 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
83 84 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
84 85 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
85 86 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
86 87 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
87 88 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
88 89
89 90 # Afghanistan
90 91 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
91 92 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
92 93 4:00 - AFT 1945
93 94 4:30 - AFT
94 95
95 96 # Armenia
96 97 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
97 98 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
98 99 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
99 100 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
100 101 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
101 102 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
102 103 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
103 104 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
104 105 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
105 106
106 107 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
107 108 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
108 109 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
109 110
110 111 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
111 112 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
112 113 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
113 114 #
114 115 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
115 116 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
116 117 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
117 118 # or
118 119 # (brief)
119 120 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
120 121 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
121 122 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
122 123 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
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123 124 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
124 125 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
125 126 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
126 127 4:00 - AMT 1997
127 128 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s
128 129 4:00 - AMT
129 130
130 131 # Azerbaijan
131 132 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
132 133 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
133 -# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
134 +# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
135 +# http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
134 136 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
135 137 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
136 138 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
137 139 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
138 140 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
139 141 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
140 142 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
141 143 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
142 144 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
143 145 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan Time
144 146 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
145 147 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
146 148
147 149 # Bahrain
148 150 # See Asia/Qatar.
149 151
150 152 # Bangladesh
151 153 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
152 154 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
153 155 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
154 156 #
155 157 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
156 158 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
157 159 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
158 160 #
159 161 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
160 162 # June
161 163 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
162 164 # crippling power crisis. "
163 165 #
164 166 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
165 167 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
166 168
167 169 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
168 170 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
169 171 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
170 172 #
171 173 # Some sources:
172 174 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
173 175 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
174 176 #
175 177 # Our wrap-up:
176 178 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
177 179
178 180 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
179 181 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
180 182 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
181 183 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
182 184 #
183 185 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
184 186
185 187 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
186 188 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
187 189 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
188 190 #
189 191 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
190 192 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
191 193 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
192 194 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
193 195
194 196 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
195 197 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
196 198 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
197 199 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
198 200 # "continue for an indefinite period."
199 201 #
200 202 # One of many places where it is published:
201 203 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
202 204
203 205 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
204 206 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
205 207 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
206 208 #
207 209 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
208 210 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
209 211 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
210 212 #
211 213 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
212 214 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
213 215 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
214 216 # Minister's Office last night..."
215 217
216 218 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
217 219 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
218 220 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
219 221 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
220 222 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
221 223
222 224 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
223 225 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
224 226 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
225 227
226 228 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
227 229 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
228 230 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
229 231 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
230 232 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
231 233 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
232 234 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
233 235 6:00 - BDT 2009
234 236 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT
235 237
236 238 # Bhutan
237 239 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
238 240 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
239 241 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
240 242 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
241 243
242 244 # British Indian Ocean Territory
243 245 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
244 246 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
245 247 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
246 248 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
247 249 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
248 250 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
249 251 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
250 252 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
251 253 6:00 - IOT
252 254
253 255 # Brunei
254 256 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
255 257 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
256 258 7:30 - BNT 1933
257 259 8:00 - BNT
258 260
259 261 # Burma / Myanmar
260 262
261 263 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
262 264
263 265 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
264 266 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
265 267 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
266 268 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
267 269 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
268 270 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
269 271
270 272 # Cambodia
271 273 # See Asia/Bangkok.
272 274
273 275
274 276 # China
275 277
276 278 # From Guy Harris:
277 279 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
278 280
279 281 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
280 282 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
281 283 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
282 284 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
283 285 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
284 286 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
285 287 #
286 288 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
287 289 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
288 290 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
289 291 #
290 292 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
291 293 # 1987 mid-April - ??
292 294
293 295 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
294 296 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
295 297 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
296 298
297 299 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
298 300 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
299 301 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
300 302 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
301 303
302 304 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
303 305 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
304 306 # this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer
305 307 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
306 308 # go with them for DST rules as follows:
307 309 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
308 310 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
309 311 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
310 312 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
311 313 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
312 314 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
313 315 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
314 316
315 317 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
316 318 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
317 319 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
318 320 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
319 321 #
320 322 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
321 323 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
322 324 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
323 325 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
324 326 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
325 327 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
326 328 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
327 329 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
328 330 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
329 331 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
330 332
331 333 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
332 334 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
333 335 #
334 336 # (1)
335 337 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
336 338 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
337 339 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
338 340 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
339 341 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
340 342 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
341 343 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
342 344 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
343 345 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
344 346 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
345 347 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
346 348 # could well have ignored any such mandate.
347 349 #
348 350 # (2)
349 351 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
350 352 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
351 353 # [undated and unknown publication location]
352 354 # It says several things:
353 355 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
354 356 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
355 357 # the official calendar book of 1914.
356 358 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
357 359 # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
358 360 # Observatory and set to local mean time.
359 361 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
360 362 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
361 363 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
362 364 # became used by railways as well.
363 365 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
364 366 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
365 367 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
366 368 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
367 369 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
368 370 # Japanese-occupied territory.
369 371 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
370 372 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
371 373 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
372 374 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
373 375 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
374 376 #
375 377 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
376 378 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
377 379 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
378 380 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
379 381 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8.
380 382 #
381 383 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
382 384 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
383 385 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
384 386 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
385 387 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
386 388 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
387 389 #
388 390 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5
389 391 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
390 392 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
391 393 #
392 394 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8
393 395 # Asia/Shanghai
394 396 # most of China
395 397 # This currently represents most other zones as well,
396 398 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
397 399 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
398 400 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century".
399 401 #
400 402 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7
401 403 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
402 404 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
403 405 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
404 406 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
405 407 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
406 408 #
407 409 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6
408 410 # Asia/Urumqi
409 411 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
410 412 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
411 413 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
412 414 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
413 415 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
414 416 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
415 417 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
416 418 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
417 419 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
418 420 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
419 421 #
420 422 # Kunlun Time UT+5.5
421 423 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
422 424 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
423 425 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
424 426 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
425 427 # and Yarkand.
426 428
427 429 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
428 430 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
429 431 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
430 432 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
431 433 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
432 434 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
433 435 #
434 436 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
435 437 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
436 438 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
437 439 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
438 440 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
439 441 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
440 442 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
441 443 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
442 444 #
443 445 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
444 446 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
445 447 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
446 448 #
447 449 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
448 450 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
449 451 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
450 452 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
451 453 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
452 454
453 455 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
454 456 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
455 457 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
456 458 #
457 459 # 1. Wulumuqi...
458 460 # 2. Kashi...
459 461 # 3. Urumqi...
460 462 # 4. Kashgar...
461 463 # ...
462 464 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
463 465 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
464 466 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
465 467 #
466 468 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
467 469 # start date for Xinjiang time.
468 470 #
469 471 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
470 472 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
471 473 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
472 474 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
473 475
474 476 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
475 477 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
476 478 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
477 479
478 480 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
479 481 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
480 482 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
481 483 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
482 484 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
483 485 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
484 486 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
485 487 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
486 488 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
487 489 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
488 490 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
489 491 # having the same time as Beijing.
490 492
491 493 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
492 494 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but
493 495 # this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
494 496 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
495 497 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
496 498 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
497 499 #
498 500 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
499 501 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
500 502 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
501 503 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
502 504 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
503 505 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
504 506 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
505 507 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
506 508 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
507 509 # XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
508 510 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
509 511 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before
510 512 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and
511 513 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
512 514 # UT+8 mandate back then.
513 515
514 516 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
515 517 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
516 518 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
517 519 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
518 520 8:00 PRC C%sT
519 521 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
520 522 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
521 523 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
522 524 6:00 - XJT
523 525
524 526
525 527 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
526 528
527 529 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
528 530
529 531 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
530 532 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
531 533 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
532 534 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
533 535 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
534 536 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
535 537 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
536 538 # obtained from
537 539 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
538 540
539 541 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
540 542 # Here are the dates given at
541 543 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
542 544 # as of 2009-10-28:
543 545 # Year Period
544 546 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
545 547 # 1942 Whole year
546 548 # 1943 Whole year
547 549 # 1944 Whole year
548 550 # 1945 Whole year
549 551 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
550 552 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
551 553 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
552 554 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
553 555 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
554 556 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
555 557 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
556 558 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
557 559 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
558 560 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
559 561 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
560 562 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
561 563 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
562 564 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
563 565 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
564 566 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
565 567 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
566 568 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
567 569 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
568 570 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
569 571 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
570 572 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
571 573 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
572 574 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
573 575 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
574 576 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
575 577 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
576 578 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
577 579 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
578 580 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
579 581 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
580 582 # 1977 Nil
581 583 # 1978 Nil
582 584 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
583 585 # 1980 to Now Nil
584 586 # The page does not give start or end times of day.
585 587 # The page does not give a start date for 1942.
586 588 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
587 589 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
588 590 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
589 591 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
590 592
591 593 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
592 594 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
593 595 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
594 596 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
595 597 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
596 598 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
597 599 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
598 600 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
599 601 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
600 602 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
601 603 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
602 604 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
603 605 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
604 606 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
605 607 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
606 608 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
607 609 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
608 610 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
609 611 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
610 612 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
611 613 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
612 614 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
613 615 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
614 616 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
615 617 8:00 HK HK%sT
616 618
617 619 ###############################################################################
618 620
619 621 # Taiwan
620 622
621 623 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
622 624 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
623 625 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
624 626 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
625 627
626 628 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
627 629 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
628 630 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
629 631 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
630 632 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
631 633 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
632 634 # found on Wikisource:
633 635 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
634 636 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
635 637 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
636 638 # declared officially.
637 639 #
638 640 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
639 641 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
640 642 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
641 643 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
642 644 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
643 645 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
644 646 # (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
645 647 # be found on Wikisource:
646 648 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
647 649 #
648 650 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
649 651
650 652 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
651 653 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
652 654 # back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
653 655 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
654 656 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another
655 657 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
656 658 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
657 659 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
658 660 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
659 661 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
660 662 # that:
661 663 #
662 664 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
663 665 # the time at 135E (GMT+9)
664 666 #
665 667 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
666 668 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
667 669 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
668 670 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
669 671 #
670 672 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
671 673 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
672 674 # Time.
673 675 #
674 676 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
675 677 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
676 678 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
677 679 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
678 680 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
679 681 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
680 682
681 683 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
682 684 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
683 685 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General
684 686 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
685 687 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
686 688 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
687 689 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more
688 690 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
689 691 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
690 692 # would be a good one.
691 693 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
692 694 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
693 695
694 696 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
695 697 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
696 698 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
697 699 #
698 700 # Original Bulletin:
699 701 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
700 702 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
701 703 #
702 704 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
703 705 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
704 706 #
705 707 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
706 708 #
707 709 # Here is a brief translation:
708 710 #
709 711 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
710 712 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
711 713 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
712 714 #
713 715 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
714 716 # be found from historical government announcement database.
715 717
716 718 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
717 719 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01
718 720 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
719 721 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
720 722
721 723 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
722 724 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
723 725 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
724 726 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
725 727 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
726 728 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
727 729 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
728 730 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
729 731 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
730 732 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
731 733 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
732 734 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
733 735 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
734 736 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
735 737 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
736 738 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
737 739
738 740 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
739 741 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
740 742 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
741 743 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1
742 744 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
743 745 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
744 746
745 747 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
746 748 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
747 749 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
748 750 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
749 751 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
750 752 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
751 753 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
752 754 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
753 755 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
754 756 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
755 757 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
756 758 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
757 759 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
758 760 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
759 761 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
760 762 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
761 763 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
762 764 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
763 765 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
764 766 8:00 PRC C%sT
765 767
766 768
767 769 ###############################################################################
768 770
769 771 # Cyprus
770 772 #
771 773 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
772 774 #
773 775 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
774 776 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
775 777 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
776 778 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
777 779 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
778 780 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
779 781 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
780 782 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
781 783 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
782 784 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
783 785 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
784 786 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
785 787 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
786 788 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
787 789 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
788 790
789 791 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
790 792 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
791 793 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
792 794
793 795 # Georgia
794 796 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
795 797 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
796 798 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
797 799 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
798 800 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
799 801 #
800 802 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
801 803 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
802 804 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
803 805 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
804 806 #
805 807 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
806 808 #
807 809 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
808 810 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
809 811 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
810 812 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
811 813 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
812 814 # of integration into Europe.
813 815
814 816 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
815 817 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
816 818 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
817 819 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
818 820 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
819 821 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
820 822 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
821 823 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
822 824 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
823 825
824 826 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
825 827 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
826 828 # Go with Byalokoz.
827 829
828 830 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
829 831 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
830 832 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
831 833 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
832 834 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
833 835 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
834 836 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
835 837 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
836 838 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
837 839 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
838 840 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
839 841 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
840 842 4:00 - GET
841 843
842 844 # East Timor
843 845
844 846 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
845 847
846 848 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
847 849 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
848 850 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
849 851 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
850 852 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
851 853 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
852 854 # conflicts with their way of life.
853 855
854 856 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
855 857 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
856 858 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
857 859
858 860 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
859 861 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
860 862 # (2000-08-16):
861 863 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
862 864 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
863 865 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
864 866 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
865 867
866 868 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
867 869 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
868 870 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
869 871 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
870 872 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
871 873 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 0:00
872 874 9:00 - TLT
873 875
874 876 # India
875 877 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
876 878 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
877 879 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
878 880 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
879 881 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
880 882 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
881 883 5:30 - IST
882 884 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
883 885 # Andaman Is
884 886 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
885 887 # Nicobar Is
886 888
887 889 # Indonesia
888 890 #
889 891 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
890 892 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
891 893 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
892 894 #
893 895 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
894 896 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
895 897 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
896 898 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
897 899 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
898 900 #
899 901 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
900 902 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
901 903 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
902 904 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
903 905 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
904 906 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
905 907 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
906 908 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
907 909 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
908 910 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
909 911 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
910 912 # switched on 1945-09-23.
911 913 #
912 914 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
913 915 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
914 916 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
915 917 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
916 918 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
917 919 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
918 920 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
919 921 # The abbreviations are:
920 922 #
921 923 # WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
922 924 # WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
923 925 # WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
924 926 #
925 927 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
926 928 # Java, Sumatra
927 929 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
928 930 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
929 931 # but this must be a typo.
930 932 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
931 933 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
932 934 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23
933 935 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
934 936 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
935 937 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
936 938 7:30 - WIB 1964
937 939 7:00 - WIB
938 940 # west and central Borneo
939 941 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
940 942 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
941 943 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29
942 944 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
943 945 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
944 946 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
945 947 7:30 - WIB 1964
946 948 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
947 949 7:00 - WIB
948 950 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
949 951 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
950 952 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
951 953 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9
952 954 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
953 955 8:00 - WITA
954 956 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
955 957 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
956 958 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1
957 959 9:30 - ACST 1964
958 960 9:00 - WIT
959 961
960 962 # Iran
961 963
962 964 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
963 965 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
964 966 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
965 967 #
966 968 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
967 969 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
968 970 #
969 971 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
970 972 #
971 973 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
972 974 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
973 975 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
974 976 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
975 977 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
976 978 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
977 979 #
978 980 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
979 981 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
980 982 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
981 983 # Shahrivar.
982 984 #
983 985 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
984 986 #
985 987 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
986 988 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
987 989 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
988 990 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
989 991 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
990 992 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
991 993 #
992 994 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
993 995 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
994 996 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
995 997 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
996 998 # plan to change that law....
997 999 #
998 1000 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
999 1001 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
1000 1002 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
1001 1003 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
1002 1004 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
1003 1005 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
1004 1006 #
1005 1007 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
1006 1008 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1007 1009 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1008 1010 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1009 1011 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1010 1012 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1011 1013 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
1012 1014 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
1013 1015 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
1014 1016 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
1015 1017 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
1016 1018 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
1017 1019 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
1018 1020 #
1019 1021 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
|
↓ open down ↓ |
876 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
1020 1022 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
1021 1023 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
1022 1024 #
1023 1025 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
1024 1026 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
1025 1027 # daylight saving time ...
1026 1028 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
1027 1029 #
1028 1030 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
1029 1031 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
1030 -# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1032 +# Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1031 1033 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
1032 1034 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
1033 1035 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
1034 1036 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
1035 1037 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
1036 1038 #
1037 1039 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1038 1040 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1039 1041 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
1040 1042 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
1041 1043 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
1042 1044 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
1043 1045 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1044 1046 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1045 1047 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1046 1048 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1047 1049 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1048 1050 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1049 1051 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1050 1052 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1051 1053 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1052 1054 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1053 1055 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1054 1056 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1055 1057 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1056 1058 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1057 1059 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1058 1060 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1059 1061 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1060 1062 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1061 1063 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1062 1064 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1063 1065 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1064 1066 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1065 1067 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1066 1068 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1067 1069 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1068 1070 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1069 1071 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1070 1072 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1071 1073 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1072 1074 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1073 1075 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1074 1076 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1075 1077 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1076 1078 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1077 1079 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1078 1080 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1079 1081 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1080 1082 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1081 1083 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1082 1084 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1083 1085 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1084 1086 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1085 1087 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1086 1088 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1087 1089 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1088 1090 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
1089 1091 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
1090 1092 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
1091 1093 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
1092 1094 3:30 Iran IR%sT
1093 1095
1094 1096
1095 1097 # Iraq
1096 1098 #
1097 1099 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1098 1100 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1099 1101 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1100 1102 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1101 1103 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1102 1104 #
1103 1105 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1104 1106 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1105 1107 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
1106 1108 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
1107 1109 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1108 1110 #
1109 1111 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1110 1112
1111 1113 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1112 1114 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1113 1115 # news sources (in Arabic):
1114 1116 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
1115 1117 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1116 1118 #
1117 1119 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1118 1120 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1119 1121
1120 1122 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1121 1123 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1122 1124 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1123 1125 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1124 1126 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1125 1127 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
1126 1128 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
1127 1129 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
1128 1130 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1129 1131 #
1130 1132 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
1131 1133 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
1132 1134 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1133 1135 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1134 1136 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1135 1137 3:00 - AST 1982 May
1136 1138 3:00 Iraq A%sT
1137 1139
1138 1140
1139 1141 ###############################################################################
1140 1142
1141 1143 # Israel
1142 1144
1143 1145 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1144 1146 #
1145 1147 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1146 1148 # different abbreviations in use:
1147 1149 #
1148 1150 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1149 1151 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1150 1152 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1151 1153 #
1152 1154 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1153 1155 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1154 1156 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1155 1157 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1156 1158 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1157 1159 # settings in Israeli computers.
1158 1160 #
1159 1161 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1160 1162 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1161 1163 # family is from India).
1162 1164
1163 1165 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1164 1166 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1165 1167 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1166 1168 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1167 1169 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1168 1170 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1169 1171 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1170 1172 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1171 1173 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
1172 1174 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1173 1175 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
1174 1176 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
1175 1177 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1176 1178 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1177 1179 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1178 1180 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
1179 1181 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1180 1182 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
1181 1183 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
1182 1184 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
1183 1185 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
1184 1186 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
1185 1187 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
1186 1188 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
1187 1189 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
1188 1190 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
1189 1191 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
1190 1192 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
1191 1193 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
1192 1194 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1193 1195 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
1194 1196 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
1195 1197 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
1196 1198 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
1197 1199 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1198 1200 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1199 1201 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
1200 1202 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1201 1203 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
1202 1204 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1203 1205
1204 1206 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
1205 1207 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
1206 1208 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
1207 1209 # ends and changes to Sunday.
1208 1210 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
1209 1211 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
1210 1212
1211 1213 # From Ephraim Silverberg
1212 1214 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1213 1215 # and 2005-02-17):
1214 1216
1215 1217 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1216 1218 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1217 1219 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1218 1220 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1219 1221 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1220 1222 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1221 1223 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1222 1224 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1223 1225 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1224 1226 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1225 1227 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1226 1228 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1227 1229 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1228 1230 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1229 1231 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1230 1232 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1231 1233 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1232 1234 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1233 1235 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1234 1236 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1235 1237 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1236 1238 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1237 1239
1238 1240 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1239 1241 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1240 1242 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1241 1243 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1242 1244 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1243 1245 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1244 1246 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1245 1247 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1246 1248 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1247 1249 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1248 1250 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1249 1251
1250 1252 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1251 1253 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1252 1254 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1253 1255
1254 1256 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1255 1257 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1256 1258 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1257 1259 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1258 1260 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1259 1261
1260 1262 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1261 1263 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1262 1264 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1263 1265 #
1264 1266 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1265 1267 #
1266 1268 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1267 1269 #
1268 1270 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1269 1271 #
1270 1272 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1271 1273 #
1272 1274 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
1273 1275
1274 1276 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1275 1277 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1276 1278 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1277 1279 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1278 1280 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1279 1281 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1280 1282 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1281 1283 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1282 1284 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1283 1285
1284 1286 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1285 1287 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1286 1288 # years 2001-2004 as well.
1287 1289 #
1288 1290 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1289 1291 #
1290 1292 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1291 1293 #
1292 1294 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1293 1295 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1294 1296 #
1295 1297 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1296 1298
1297 1299 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1298 1300 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1299 1301 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1300 1302 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1301 1303 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1302 1304 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1303 1305 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1304 1306 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1305 1307 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1306 1308 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1307 1309 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1308 1310
1309 1311 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1310 1312 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1311 1313 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1312 1314 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1313 1315 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1314 1316 #
1315 1317 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1316 1318 #
1317 1319 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1318 1320
1319 1321 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
1320 1322 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1321 1323 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1322 1324 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1323 1325 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
1324 1326 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1325 1327 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
1326 1328 #
1327 1329 # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1328 1330 #
1329 1331 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1330 1332 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1331 1333 # springtime transitions explicitly.
1332 1334
1333 1335 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1334 1336 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1335 1337 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1336 1338 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1337 1339 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1338 1340 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1339 1341 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1340 1342 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1341 1343 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1342 1344 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1343 1345 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1344 1346 Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1345 1347 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1346 1348
1347 1349 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
1348 1350 # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
1349 1351 # Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
1350 1352 # in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
1351 1353 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
1352 1354 #
1353 1355 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
1354 1356 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
1355 1357
1356 1358 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1357 1359 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
1358 1360 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1359 1361
1360 1362 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1361 1363 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
1362 1364 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1363 1365 2:00 Zion I%sT
1364 1366
1365 1367
1366 1368
1367 1369 ###############################################################################
1368 1370
1369 1371 # Japan
1370 1372
1371 1373 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
1372 1374
1373 1375 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1374 1376 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1375 1377 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
1376 1378 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
1377 1379
1378 1380 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
1379 1381 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
1380 1382 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1381 1383 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1382 1384 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1383 1385 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1384 1386 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1385 1387 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1386 1388 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1387 1389 # wanted to keep it.)
1388 1390
1389 1391 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1390 1392 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1391 1393 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1392 1394 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1393 1395 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1394 1396 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1395 1397 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1396 1398 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1397 1399 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1398 1400 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1399 1401 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1400 1402
1401 1403 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1402 1404 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1403 1405 # Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s),
1404 1406 # 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
1405 1407 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1406 1408 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1407 1409 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1408 1410 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1409 1411
1410 1412 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1411 1413 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1412 1414 # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
1413 1415 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1414 1416 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1415 1417 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
1416 1418 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1417 1419 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1418 1420 # standard....
1419 1421 #
1420 1422 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1421 1423 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1422 1424
1423 1425 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1424 1426 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1425 1427 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1426 1428 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1427 1429 #
1428 1430 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1429 1431 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1430 1432 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1431 1433 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1432 1434
1433 1435 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1434 1436 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1435 1437 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1
1436 1438 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1437 1439 9:00 Japan J%sT
1438 1440 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1439 1441
1440 1442 # Jordan
1441 1443 #
1442 1444 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1443 1445 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1444 1446 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1445 1447 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1446 1448 # all year round.
1447 1449 #
1448 1450 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1449 1451 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1450 1452 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1451 1453 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1452 1454 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1453 1455 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1454 1456 #
1455 1457 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1456 1458 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1457 1459 #
1458 1460 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1459 1461 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1460 1462 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1461 1463 #
1462 1464 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1463 1465 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1464 1466 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1465 1467 #
1466 1468
1467 1469 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1468 1470 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1469 1471 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1470 1472 #
1471 1473 # Google's translation:
1472 1474 #
1473 1475 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1474 1476 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1475 1477 # > of the month of March of each year.
1476 1478 #
1477 1479 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1478 1480
1479 1481 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1480 1482 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1481 1483
1482 1484 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
1483 1485 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
1484 1486 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
1485 1487 # until about the same time next year (at least).
1486 1488 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
1487 1489
1488 1490 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
1489 1491 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
1490 1492 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
1491 1493 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
1492 1494 # Official, in Arabic:
1493 1495 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
1494 1496 # ... Our background/permalink about it
1495 1497 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
1496 1498 # ...
1497 1499 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
1498 1500 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
1499 1501 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
1500 1502
1501 1503 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
1502 1504 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
1503 1505
1504 1506 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1505 1507 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1506 1508 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1507 1509 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1508 1510 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1509 1511 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1510 1512 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1511 1513 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1512 1514 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1513 1515 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1514 1516 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1515 1517 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1516 1518 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1517 1519 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1518 1520 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1519 1521 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1520 1522 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1521 1523 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1522 1524 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1523 1525 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1524 1526 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1525 1527 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1526 1528 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1527 1529 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1528 1530 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1529 1531 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1530 1532 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1531 1533 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1532 1534 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1533 1535 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
1534 1536 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1535 1537 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1536 1538 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1537 1539 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1538 1540 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1539 1541
1540 1542
1541 1543 # Kazakhstan
1542 1544
1543 1545 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1544 1546 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1545 1547 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1546 1548 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1547 1549 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1548 1550 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1549 1551
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1550 1552 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1551 1553 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1552 1554 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1553 1555 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1554 1556 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1555 1557 #
1556 1558 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1557 1559 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1558 1560 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1559 1561
1560 -# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11
1562 +# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
1561 1563 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
1562 1564 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1563 1565 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1564 1566 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1565 1567 #
1566 1568 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1567 1569 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1568 1570 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1569 1571 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1570 1572 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1571 1573 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1572 1574 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1573 1575 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1574 1576 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1575 1577
1576 1578 #
1577 1579 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1578 1580 #
1579 1581 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1580 1582 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1581 1583 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1582 1584 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1583 1585 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1584 1586 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1585 1587 6:00 - ALMT
1586 1588 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1587 1589 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1588 1590 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1589 1591 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1590 1592 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1591 1593 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1592 1594 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1593 1595 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1594 1596 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1595 1597 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1596 1598 6:00 - QYZT
1597 1599 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk)
1598 1600 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1599 1601 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1600 1602 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1601 1603 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1602 1604 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1603 1605 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1604 1606 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1605 1607 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1606 1608 5:00 - AQTT
1607 1609 # Mangghystau
1608 1610 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1609 1611 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1610 1612 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1611 1613 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1612 1614 5:00 - FORT 1963
1613 1615 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1614 1616 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1615 1617 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1616 1618 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1617 1619 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1618 1620 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1619 1621 5:00 - AQTT
1620 1622 # West Kazakhstan
1621 1623 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1622 1624 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1623 1625 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1624 1626 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1625 1627 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1626 1628 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1627 1629 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1628 1630 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1629 1631 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1630 1632 5:00 - ORAT
1631 1633
1632 1634 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1633 1635 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1634 1636
1635 1637 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1636 1638 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1637 1639 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
1638 1640 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1639 1641 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1640 1642 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1641 1643 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1642 1644 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1643 1645
1644 1646 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1645 1647 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1646 1648 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1647 1649 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1648 1650 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1649 1651 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1650 1652 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1651 1653 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1652 1654 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1653 1655 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1654 1656 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1655 1657 6:00 - KGT
1656 1658
1657 1659 ###############################################################################
1658 1660
1659 1661 # Korea (North and South)
1660 1662
1661 1663 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
1662 1664 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
1663 1665 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
1664 1666 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
1665 1667 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
1666 1668
1667 1669 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
1668 1670 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
1669 1671 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
1670 1672 # http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
1671 1673 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
1672 1674 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
1673 1675 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
1674 1676 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
1675 1677 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
1676 1678 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
1677 1679
1678 1680 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1679 1681 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1680 1682 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1681 1683 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
1682 1684 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1683 1685 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1684 1686 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1685 1687 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
1686 1688 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1687 1689 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1688 1690 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1689 1691 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1690 1692 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S
1691 1693 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1692 1694 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
1693 1695
1694 1696 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30):
1695 1697 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
1696 1698 #
1697 1699 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5)
1698 1700 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
1699 1701 # (Announcement No. 338)
1700 1702 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
1701 1703 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
1702 1704 # 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)
1703 1705 #
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1704 1706 # The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change
1705 1707 # to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change
1706 1708 # to UT+9 on 1912-01-01? Omit the 1910 change for now.
1707 1709 #
1708 1710 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1709 1711 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
1710 1712 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1711 1713 #
1712 1714 # For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II.
1713 1715
1716 +# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
1717 +# According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
1718 +# the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
1719 +# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
1720 +#
1721 +# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
1722 +# Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
1723 +# Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
1724 +# http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
1725 +# There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
1726 +# Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
1727 +
1714 1728 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1715 1729 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1716 1730 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1717 1731 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1718 1732 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1719 1733 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1720 1734 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1721 1735 9:00 ROK K%sT
1722 1736 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1723 1737 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1724 1738 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1725 1739 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
1726 - 9:00 - KST
1740 + 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
1741 + 8:30 - KST
1727 1742
1728 1743 ###############################################################################
1729 1744
1730 1745 # Kuwait
1731 1746 # See Asia/Riyadh.
1732 1747
1733 1748 # Laos
1734 1749 # See Asia/Bangkok.
1735 1750
1736 1751
1737 1752 # Lebanon
1738 1753 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1739 1754 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1740 1755 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1741 1756 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1742 1757 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1743 1758 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1744 1759 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1745 1760 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1746 1761 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1747 1762 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1748 1763 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1749 1764 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1750 1765 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1751 1766 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1752 1767 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1753 1768 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1754 1769 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1755 1770 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1756 1771 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1757 1772 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1758 1773 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1759 1774 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1760 1775 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1761 1776 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1762 1777 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1763 1778 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1764 1779 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1765 1780 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1766 1781
1767 1782 # Malaysia
1768 1783 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1769 1784 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1770 1785 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1771 1786 #
1772 1787 # peninsular Malaysia
1773 1788 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1774 1789 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
1775 1790 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1776 1791 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1777 1792 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1778 1793 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1779 1794 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1780 1795 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1781 1796 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1782 1797 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1783 1798 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1784 1799 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1785 1800 # Sabah & Sarawak
1786 1801 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
1787 1802 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
1788 1803 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1789 1804 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1790 1805 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1791 1806 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1792 1807 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1793 1808 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1794 1809 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1795 1810 8:00 - MYT
1796 1811
1797 1812 # Maldives
1798 1813 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1799 1814 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1800 1815 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1801 1816 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1802 1817
1803 1818 # Mongolia
1804 1819
1805 1820 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1806 1821 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
1807 1822 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
1808 1823
1809 1824 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1810 1825 # General Information Mongolia
1811 1826 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
1812 1827 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1813 1828 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1814 1829 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1815 1830 # eight hours."
1816 1831
1817 1832 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1818 1833 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1819 1834 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1820 1835 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1821 1836 # of implementation may have been different....
1822 1837 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1823 1838 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1824 1839 # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
1825 1840
1826 1841 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1827 1842 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1828 1843 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1829 1844 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1830 1845 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1831 1846 # is good enough for our purposes.
1832 1847
1833 1848 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1834 1849 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1835 1850 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1836 1851 # there are three time zones.
1837 1852 #
1838 1853 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1839 1854 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
1840 1855 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
1841 1856 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
1842 1857 #
1843 1858 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1844 1859
1845 1860 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1846 1861 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1847 1862 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1848 1863 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1849 1864 #
1850 1865 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1851 1866 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1852 1867 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1853 1868
1854 1869 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1855 1870 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1856 1871 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1857 1872 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1858 1873 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
1859 1874 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1860 1875 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1861 1876 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1862 1877 # He also found
1863 1878 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
1864 1879 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1865 1880 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1866 1881 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1867 1882 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1868 1883 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1869 1884 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1870 1885 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1871 1886
1872 1887 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1873 1888 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1874 1889 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1875 1890 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1876 1891
1877 1892 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1878 1893 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1879 1894 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1880 1895 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1881 1896 # database on this, e.g.:
1882 1897 #
1883 1898 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1884 1899 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1885 1900 #
1886 1901 # both say GMT+08:00.
1887 1902
1888 1903 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1889 1904 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1890 1905 # schedule here:
1891 1906 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1892 1907 # (click the English flag for English)
1893 1908 #
1894 1909 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
1895 1910 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1896 1911 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
|
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↑ open up ↑ |
1897 1912 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
1898 1913 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1899 1914 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1900 1915
1901 1916 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1902 1917 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1903 1918 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1904 1919 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1905 1920 # this is almost surely wrong.
1906 1921
1922 +# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
1923 +# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
1924 +# daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
1925 +# March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
1926 +# September daylight saving time ends. Source:
1927 +# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
1928 +
1907 1929 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1908 1930 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1909 1931 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1910 1932 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1911 1933 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1912 1934 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1913 1935 #
1914 1936 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1915 1937 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
1916 1938 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1917 1939 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1918 1940 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1919 1941 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1920 1942
1921 1943 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1922 1944 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1923 1945 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1924 1946 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1925 1947 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1926 1948 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1949 +Rule Mongol 2015 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1950 +Rule Mongol 2015 max - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
1927 1951
1928 1952 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1929 1953 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1930 1954 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1931 1955 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1932 1956 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1933 1957 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1934 1958 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1935 1959 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1936 1960 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1937 1961 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1938 1962 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1939 1963 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1940 1964 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1941 1965 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1942 1966 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1943 1967 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1944 1968
1945 1969 # Nepal
1946 1970 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1947 1971 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1948 1972 5:30 - IST 1986
1949 1973 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1950 1974
1951 1975 # Oman
1952 1976 # See Asia/Dubai.
1953 1977
1954 1978 # Pakistan
1955 1979
1956 1980 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1957 1981 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1958 1982 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1959 1983 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1960 1984 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1961 1985 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1962 1986
1963 1987 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1964 1988 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
1965 1989 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1966 1990 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1967 1991 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1968 1992 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1969 1993 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1970 1994 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1971 1995 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1972 1996 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1973 1997 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1974 1998
1975 1999 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1976 2000 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1977 2001 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1978 2002
1979 2003 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1980 2004 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1981 2005 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1982 2006 #
1983 2007 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1984 2008 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1985 2009 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1986 2010 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1987 2011 #
1988 2012 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1989 2013 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1990 2014
1991 2015 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1992 2016 #
1993 2017 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1994 2018 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1995 2019 #
1996 2020 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
1997 2021 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
1998 2022 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
1999 2023 #
2000 2024 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
2001 2025 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
2002 2026
2003 2027 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2004 2028 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
2005 2029
2006 2030 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2007 2031 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
2008 2032 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
2009 2033 # instead of August 31.
2010 2034 #
2011 2035 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
2012 2036 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
2013 2037
2014 2038 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
2015 2039 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
2016 2040 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
2017 2041 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
2018 2042 # official working."
2019 2043 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
2020 2044 #
2021 2045 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
2022 2046 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
2023 2047 #
2024 2048 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
2025 2049 # April 08, 2009
2026 2050 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
2027 2051 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
2028 2052 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
2029 2053 #
2030 2054 # ....
2031 2055 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
2032 2056 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
2033 2057 # conserve energy"
2034 2058
2035 2059 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
2036 2060 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
2037 2061 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
2038 2062 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
2039 2063 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
2040 2064 # this regard."
2041 2065 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
2042 2066
2043 2067 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
2044 2068 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
2045 2069 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
2046 2070 # October 1, 2009.
2047 2071 #
2048 2072 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
2049 2073 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
2050 2074 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
2051 2075 #
2052 2076 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
2053 2077 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
2054 2078 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
2055 2079 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
2056 2080 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
2057 2081 # Monday."
2058 2082 #
2059 2083 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
2060 2084 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
2061 2085 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
2062 2086 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
2063 2087 #
2064 2088 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
2065 2089 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
2066 2090 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
2067 2091
2068 2092 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
2069 2093 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
2070 2094 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
2071 2095
2072 2096 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
2073 2097 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2074 2098 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
2075 2099 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
2076 2100 # >
2077 2101 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
2078 2102 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
2079 2103 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
2080 2104 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
2081 2105 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
2082 2106 #
2083 2107 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
2084 2108 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
2085 2109 #
2086 2110 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2087 2111 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
2088 2112
2089 2113 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2090 2114 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
2091 2115 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
2092 2116 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2093 2117 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2094 2118 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
2095 2119
2096 2120 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2097 2121 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
2098 2122 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
2099 2123 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
2100 2124 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
2101 2125 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
2102 2126 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
2103 2127
2104 2128 # Palestine
2105 2129
2106 2130 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2107 2131 #
2108 2132 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
2109 2133 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
2110 2134 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
2111 2135 #
2112 2136 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
2113 2137 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
2114 2138 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
2115 2139 # though.
2116 2140 #
2117 2141 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
2118 2142 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
2119 2143 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
2120 2144 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
2121 2145 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
2122 2146 # East Jerusalem.
2123 2147 #
2124 2148 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
2125 2149 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
2126 2150 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
2127 2151 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
2128 2152 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
2129 2153 #
2130 2154 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
2131 2155 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
2132 2156 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
2133 2157 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
2134 2158 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
2135 2159 # Jordanian one).
2136 2160 #
2137 2161 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
2138 2162 #
2139 2163 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
2140 2164 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
2141 2165 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
2142 2166 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
2143 2167 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
2144 2168 #
2145 2169 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
2146 2170 # have one).
2147 2171
2148 2172 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2149 2173 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
2150 2174 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
2151 2175 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2152 2176 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2153 2177 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2154 2178 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2155 2179 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2156 2180 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2157 2181 # to Palestine's rules.
2158 2182
2159 2183 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2160 2184 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2161 2185 #
2162 2186 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2163 2187 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2164 2188 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2165 2189 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2166 2190
2167 2191 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2168 2192 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
2169 2193 # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
2170 2194 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2171 2195 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2172 2196 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2173 2197 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2174 2198 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2175 2199
2176 2200 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2177 2201 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2178 2202
2179 2203 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2180 2204 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2181 2205 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2182 2206 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2183 2207 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
2184 2208
2185 2209 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2186 2210 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2187 2211 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2188 2212 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2189 2213 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2190 2214 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2191 2215 # the West Bank.
2192 2216
2193 2217 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2194 2218 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2195 2219 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2196 2220 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2197 2221 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2198 2222 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2199 2223 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2200 2224 # because of the Ramadan.
2201 2225
2202 2226 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2203 2227 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2204 2228 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2205 2229
2206 2230 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2207 2231 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2208 2232 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2209 2233 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2210 2234 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2211 2235 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2212 2236
2213 2237 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2214 2238 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2215 2239 #
2216 2240 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2217 2241 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2218 2242 #
2219 2243 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2220 2244 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2221 2245 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2222 2246
2223 2247 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2224 2248 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2225 2249 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2226 2250 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2227 2251 #
2228 2252 # (in Arabic)
2229 2253 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2230 2254 #
2231 2255 # (English translation)
2232 2256 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2233 2257
2234 2258 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2235 2259 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2236 2260 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2237 2261 #
2238 2262 # One news source:
2239 2263 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2240 2264 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2241 2265 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2242 2266 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2243 2267 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2244 2268 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2245 2269 #
2246 2270 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2247 2271 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2248 2272 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2249 2273
2250 2274 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2251 2275 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2252 2276 #
2253 2277 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2254 2278 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2255 2279 #
2256 2280 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2257 2281 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
2258 2282 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2259 2283 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2260 2284
2261 2285 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2262 2286 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2263 2287 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2264 2288 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2265 2289 #
2266 2290 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2267 2291 # (in Arabic)
2268 2292 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2269 2293
2270 2294 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2271 2295 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2272 2296 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2273 2297 # noon though:
2274 2298 #
2275 2299 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2276 2300 # (Ma'an News Agency)
2277 2301 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2278 2302 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2279 2303
2280 2304 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2281 2305 # According to several sources, including
2282 2306 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2283 2307 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2284 2308 # Gaza and the West Bank.
2285 2309 # Some more background info:
2286 2310 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2287 2311
2288 2312 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2289 2313 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2290 2314 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2291 2315 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2292 2316 # Ramadan.
2293 2317 #
2294 2318 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2295 2319 # Additional info:
2296 2320 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2297 2321
2298 2322 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2299 2323 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2300 2324 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2301 2325 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2302 2326 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2303 2327 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2304 2328 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2305 2329 # ...
2306 2330 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2307 2331 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2308 2332 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
2309 2333
2310 2334 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2311 2335 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2312 2336 # 00:00).
2313 2337 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2314 2338 #
2315 2339 # Many sources, including:
2316 2340 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2317 2341
2318 2342 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2319 2343 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
2320 2344 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
2321 2345 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
2322 2346 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
2323 2347 #
2324 2348 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
2325 2349 #
2326 2350 # Our brief summary:
2327 2351 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
2328 2352
2329 2353 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
2330 2354 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
2331 2355 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
2332 2356 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
2333 2357 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
2334 2358 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
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2335 2359
2336 2360 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
2337 2361 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
2338 2362 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
2339 2363 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
2340 2364 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
2341 2365 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
2342 2366 # official source...:
2343 2367 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
2344 2368
2345 -# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-24):
2346 -# For future dates, guess the last Thursday in March at 24:00 through
2347 -# the first Friday on or after September 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with
2348 -# the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs,
2349 -# which are for Gaza and Hebron respectively:
2350 -# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=702
2351 -# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=2364
2369 +# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
2370 +# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
2371 +# and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
2372 +# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
2373 +#
2374 +# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
2375 +# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
2376 +# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
2377 +# For future dates, guess the last Friday in March at 24:00 through
2378 +# the first Friday on or after October 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with
2379 +# the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs:
2380 +# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
2381 +# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
2352 2382
2353 2383 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2354 2384 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2355 2385 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2356 2386 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2357 2387 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2358 2388 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2359 2389 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2360 2390
2361 2391 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2362 2392 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2363 2393 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2364 2394 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2365 2395 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2366 2396 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
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2367 2397 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2368 2398 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2369 2399 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2370 2400 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
2371 2401 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2372 2402 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2373 2403 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
2374 2404 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2375 2405 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
2376 2406 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2377 -Rule Palestine 2012 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2407 +Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2378 2408 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
2379 -Rule Palestine 2013 max - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2409 +Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2410 +Rule Palestine 2014 max - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2411 +Rule Palestine 2015 max - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
2380 2412
2381 2413 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2382 2414 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2383 2415 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2384 2416 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2385 2417 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2386 2418 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2387 2419 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
2388 2420 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
2389 2421 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
2390 2422 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2391 2423 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2392 2424 2:00 - EET 2012
2393 2425 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2394 2426
2395 2427 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2396 2428 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2397 2429 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2398 2430 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2399 2431 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2400 2432 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2401 2433
2402 2434 # Paracel Is
2403 2435 # no information
2404 2436
2405 2437 # Philippines
2406 2438 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
2407 2439 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2408 2440 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
2409 2441 # History of the International Date Line
2410 2442 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
2411 2443 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2412 2444
2413 2445 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2414 2446 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2415 2447 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2416 2448 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2417 2449 # but no details]
2418 2450
2419 2451 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
2420 2452 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
2421 2453 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
2422 2454 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
2423 2455 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
2424 2456 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
2425 2457 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
2426 2458
2427 2459 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2428 2460 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2429 2461 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2430 2462 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2431 2463 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2432 2464 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2433 2465 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2434 2466 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2435 2467 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2436 2468 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2437 2469 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2438 2470 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2439 2471 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2440 2472
2441 2473 # Qatar
2442 2474 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2443 2475 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2444 2476 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2445 2477 3:00 - AST
2446 2478 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
2447 2479
2448 2480 # Saudi Arabia
2449 2481 #
2450 2482 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2451 2483 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2452 2484 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2453 2485 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2454 2486 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2455 2487 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2456 2488 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2457 2489 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2458 2490 #
2459 2491 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2460 2492 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2461 2493 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2462 2494 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2463 2495 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2464 2496 # earlier date.
2465 2497 #
2466 2498 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2467 2499 # time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of
2468 2500 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2469 2501 #
2470 2502 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2471 2503 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2472 2504 3:00 - AST
2473 2505 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
2474 2506 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
2475 2507
2476 2508 # Singapore
2477 2509 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2478 2510 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2479 2511 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2480 2512 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2481 2513 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2482 2514 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2483 2515 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2484 2516 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2485 2517 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2486 2518 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2487 2519 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2488 2520 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2489 2521 8:00 - SGT
2490 2522
2491 2523 # Spratly Is
2492 2524 # no information
2493 2525
2494 2526 # Sri Lanka
2495 2527
2496 2528 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2497 2529 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
2498 2530 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
2499 2531 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
2500 2532 # Shanks and Pottenger.
2501 2533
2502 2534 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2503 2535 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2504 2536 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
2505 2537 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2506 2538 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2507 2539 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
2508 2540 #
2509 2541 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2510 2542 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
2511 2543 # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26):
2512 2544 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2513 2545 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2514 2546
2515 2547 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2516 2548 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2517 2549 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2518 2550 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2519 2551
2520 2552 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2521 2553 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
2522 2554 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2523 2555 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2524 2556 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2525 2557 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2526 2558 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2527 2559 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2528 2560
2529 2561 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2530 2562 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2531 2563 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2532 2564 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2533 2565 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2534 2566 #
2535 2567 # I recollect before the recent change the government announcements
2536 2568 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2537 2569 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2538 2570 #
2539 2571 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2540 2572 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2541 2573 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2542 2574 # item....
2543 2575 #
2544 2576 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2545 2577 # administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2546 2578 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2547 2579 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2548 2580 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2549 2581 #
2550 2582 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2551 2583 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2552 2584 # all computers.
2553 2585
2554 2586 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2555 2587 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2556 2588 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
2557 2589
2558 2590 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2559 2591 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2560 2592 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2561 2593 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2562 2594 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2563 2595 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2564 2596 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2565 2597 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2566 2598 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2567 2599 5:30 - IST
2568 2600
2569 2601 # Syria
2570 2602 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2571 2603 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2572 2604 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2573 2605 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2574 2606 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2575 2607 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2576 2608 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2577 2609 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2578 2610 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2579 2611 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2580 2612 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2581 2613 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2582 2614 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2583 2615 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2584 2616 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2585 2617 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2586 2618 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2587 2619 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2588 2620 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2589 2621 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2590 2622 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2591 2623 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2592 2624 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2593 2625 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2594 2626 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2595 2627 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2596 2628 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2597 2629 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2598 2630 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2599 2631 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2600 2632 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2601 2633 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2602 2634 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2603 2635 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2604 2636 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2605 2637 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2606 2638 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2607 2639 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2608 2640 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2609 2641 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2610 2642 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2611 2643 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2612 2644 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2613 2645 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2614 2646 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2615 2647 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2616 2648 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2617 2649 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
2618 2650 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2619 2651 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
2620 2652 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
2621 2653 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2622 2654 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2623 2655 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2624 2656 #
2625 2657 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2626 2658 # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
2627 2659 #
2628 2660 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2629 2661 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2630 2662 #
2631 2663 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2632 2664 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2633 2665 #
2634 2666 # which using Google's translate tools says:
2635 2667 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2636 2668 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2637 2669 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2638 2670 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2639 2671
2640 2672 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2641 2673 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2642 2674 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
2643 2675 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2644 2676 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2645 2677 # Variation
2646 2678 # Syrian Arab
2647 2679 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2648 2680 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2649 2681 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2650 2682
2651 2683 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2652 2684 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2653 2685 # Agency (SANA)...
2654 2686 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2655 2687 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2656 2688 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2657 2689 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2658 2690 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2659 2691 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2660 2692
2661 2693 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2662 2694 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2663 2695 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2664 2696 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2665 2697 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2666 2698
2667 2699 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2668 2700 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2669 2701 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2670 2702 #
2671 2703 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2672 2704 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2673 2705 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2674 2706 #
2675 2707 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2676 2708
2677 2709 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2678 2710 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2679 2711 # two examples:
2680 2712 #
2681 2713 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2682 2714 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2683 2715 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2684 2716 # (Arabic, gov-site)
2685 2717 #
2686 2718 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2687 2719 #
2688 2720 # Our summary
2689 2721 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2690 2722
2691 2723 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2692 2724 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2693 2725 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2694 2726 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2695 2727 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2696 2728
2697 2729 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2698 2730 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2699 2731 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2700 2732 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2701 2733
2702 2734 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2703 2735 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2704 2736 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2705 2737 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
2706 2738 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
2707 2739
2708 2740 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2709 2741 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
2710 2742 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
2711 2743 #
2712 2744 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
2713 2745 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
2714 2746 #
2715 2747 # Our brief summary:
2716 2748 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
2717 2749
2718 2750 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2719 2751 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
2720 2752
2721 2753 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2722 2754 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2723 2755 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2724 2756 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2725 2757 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2726 2758 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2727 2759
2728 2760 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2729 2761 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2730 2762 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2731 2763
2732 2764 # Tajikistan
2733 2765 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2734 2766 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2735 2767 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2736 2768 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2737 2769 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2738 2770 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2739 2771 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2740 2772
2741 2773 # Thailand
2742 2774 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2743 2775 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2744 2776 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2745 2777 7:00 - ICT
2746 2778 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
2747 2779 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
2748 2780
2749 2781 # Turkmenistan
2750 2782 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2751 2783 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2752 2784 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2753 2785 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2754 2786 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2755 2787 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2756 2788 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2757 2789 5:00 - TMT
2758 2790
2759 2791 # United Arab Emirates
2760 2792 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2761 2793 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2762 2794 4:00 - GST
2763 2795 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
2764 2796
2765 2797 # Uzbekistan
2766 2798 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
2767 2799 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2768 2800 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
2769 2801 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2770 2802 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2771 2803 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2772 2804 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2773 2805 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2774 2806 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2775 2807 5:00 - UZT
2776 2808 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
2777 2809 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
2778 2810 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2779 2811 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2780 2812 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2781 2813 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2782 2814 5:00 - UZT
2783 2815
2784 2816 # Vietnam
2785 2817
2786 2818 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
2787 2819 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
2788 2820 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
2789 2821 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
2790 2822 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
2791 2823
2792 2824 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2793 2825 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
2794 2826 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2795 2827
2796 2828 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
2797 2829 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
2798 2830 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
2799 2831 # is quoted verbatim in:
2800 2832 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
2801 2833 # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
2802 2834 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
2803 2835 # and is the basis for the information below.
2804 2836 #
2805 2837 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
2806 2838 # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris.
2807 2839 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
2808 2840 # the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
2809 2841 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
2810 2842 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
2811 2843 # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
2812 2844 #
2813 2845 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
2814 2846 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
2815 2847 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
2816 2848 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
2817 2849 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
2818 2850 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
2819 2851 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
2820 2852 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
2821 2853 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
2822 2854 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
2823 2855 #
2824 2856 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
2825 2857 #
2826 2858 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
2827 2859 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
2828 2860 #
2829 2861 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
2830 2862 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
2831 2863 #
2832 2864 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
2833 2865 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
2834 2866
2835 2867 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2836 2868 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
2837 2869 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
2838 2870 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00
2839 2871 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00
2840 2872 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
2841 2873 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1
2842 2874 8:00 - IDT 1955 Jul 1
2843 2875 7:00 - ICT 1959 Dec 31 23:00
2844 2876 8:00 - IDT 1975 Jun 13
2845 2877 7:00 - ICT
2846 2878
2847 2879 # Yemen
2848 2880 # See Asia/Riyadh.
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