1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
10 #
11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 #
16 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 #
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 #
27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30 #
31 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
32 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
33 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
34 #
35 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
36 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
37 #
38 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
39 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
40 # Corrections are welcome!
41 # std dst
42 # LMT Local Mean Time
43 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
44 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
45 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
46 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
47 # 4:00 GST Gulf*
48 # 5:30 IST India
49 # 7:00 ICT Indochina, most times and locations*
50 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
51 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
52 # 8:00 CST China
53 # 8:00 IDT Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)*
54 # 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
55 # 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
56 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
57 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
58 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea
59 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
60 #
61 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
62
63 # From Guy Harris:
64 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
65 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
66 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
67 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
68
69 ###############################################################################
70
71 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
72 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
73 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
74 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
75 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
76 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
77 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
78 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
113 #
114 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
115 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
116 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
117 # or
118 # (brief)
119 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
120 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
121 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
122 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
123 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
124 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
125 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
126 4:00 - AMT 1997
127 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s
128 4:00 - AMT
129
130 # Azerbaijan
131 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
132 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
133 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
134 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
135 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
136 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
137 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
138 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
139 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
140 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
141 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
142 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
143 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan Time
144 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
145 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
146
147 # Bahrain
148 # See Asia/Qatar.
149
150 # Bangladesh
151 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
152 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
153 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
1010 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1011 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
1012 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
1013 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
1014 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
1015 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
1016 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
1017 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
1018 #
1019 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
1020 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
1021 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
1022 #
1023 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
1024 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
1025 # daylight saving time ...
1026 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
1027 #
1028 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
1029 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
1030 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1031 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
1032 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
1033 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
1034 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
1035 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
1036 #
1037 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1038 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1039 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
1040 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
1041 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
1042 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
1043 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1044 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1045 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1046 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1047 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1048 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1049 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1050 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1540
1541 # Kazakhstan
1542
1543 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1544 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1545 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1546 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1547 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1548 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1549
1550 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1551 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1552 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1553 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1554 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1555 #
1556 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1557 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1558 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1559
1560 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11
1561 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
1562 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1563 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1564 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1565 #
1566 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1567 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1568 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1569 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1570 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1571 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1572 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1573 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1574 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1575
1576 #
1577 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1578 #
1579 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1580 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1694 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30):
1695 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
1696 #
1697 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5)
1698 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
1699 # (Announcement No. 338)
1700 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
1701 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
1702 # 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)
1703 #
1704 # The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change
1705 # to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change
1706 # to UT+9 on 1912-01-01? Omit the 1910 change for now.
1707 #
1708 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1709 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
1710 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1711 #
1712 # For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II.
1713
1714 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1715 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1716 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1717 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1718 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1719 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1720 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1721 9:00 ROK K%sT
1722 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1723 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1724 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1725 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
1726 9:00 - KST
1727
1728 ###############################################################################
1729
1730 # Kuwait
1731 # See Asia/Riyadh.
1732
1733 # Laos
1734 # See Asia/Bangkok.
1735
1736
1737 # Lebanon
1738 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1739 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1740 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1741 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1742 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1743 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1744 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1745 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1746 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1887
1888 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1889 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1890 # schedule here:
1891 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1892 # (click the English flag for English)
1893 #
1894 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
1895 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1896 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1897 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
1898 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1899 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1900
1901 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1902 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1903 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1904 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1905 # this is almost surely wrong.
1906
1907 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1908 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1909 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1910 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1911 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1912 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1913 #
1914 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1915 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
1916 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1917 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1918 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1919 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1920
1921 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1922 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1923 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1924 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1925 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1926 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1927
1928 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1929 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1930 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1931 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1932 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1933 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1934 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1935 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1936 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1937 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1938 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1939 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1940 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1941 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1942 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1943 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1944
1945 # Nepal
1946 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2325 #
2326 # Our brief summary:
2327 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
2328
2329 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
2330 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
2331 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
2332 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
2333 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
2334 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
2335
2336 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
2337 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
2338 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
2339 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
2340 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
2341 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
2342 # official source...:
2343 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
2344
2345 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-24):
2346 # For future dates, guess the last Thursday in March at 24:00 through
2347 # the first Friday on or after September 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with
2348 # the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs,
2349 # which are for Gaza and Hebron respectively:
2350 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=702
2351 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=2364
2352
2353 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2354 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2355 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2356 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2357 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2358 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2359 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2360
2361 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2362 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2363 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2364 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2365 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2366 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2367 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2368 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2369 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2370 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
2371 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2372 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2373 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
2374 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2375 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
2376 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2377 Rule Palestine 2012 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2378 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
2379 Rule Palestine 2013 max - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2380
2381 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2382 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2383 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2384 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2385 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2386 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2387 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
2388 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
2389 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
2390 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2391 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2392 2:00 - EET 2012
2393 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2394
2395 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2396 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2397 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2398 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2399 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
|
1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
10 #
11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 #
16 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 #
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 #
27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30 #
31 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
32 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
33 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
34 #
35 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
36 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
37 #
38 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
39 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
40 # Corrections are welcome!
41 # std dst
42 # LMT Local Mean Time
43 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
44 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
45 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
46 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran*
47 # 4:00 GST Gulf*
48 # 5:30 IST India
49 # 7:00 ICT Indochina, most times and locations*
50 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
51 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
52 # 8:00 CST China
53 # 8:00 IDT Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)*
54 # 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
55 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830*
56 # 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
57 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
58 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
59 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
60 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
61 #
62 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
63
64 # From Guy Harris:
65 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
66 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
67 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
68 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
69
70 ###############################################################################
71
72 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
73 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
74 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
75 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
76 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
77 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
78 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
79 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
114 #
115 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
116 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
117 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
118 # or
119 # (brief)
120 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
121 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
122 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
123 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
124 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
125 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
126 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
127 4:00 - AMT 1997
128 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s
129 4:00 - AMT
130
131 # Azerbaijan
132 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
133 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
134 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
135 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
136 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
137 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
138 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
139 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
140 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
141 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
142 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
143 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
144 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
145 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan Time
146 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
147 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
148
149 # Bahrain
150 # See Asia/Qatar.
151
152 # Bangladesh
153 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
154 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
155 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
1012 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1013 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
1014 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
1015 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
1016 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
1017 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
1018 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
1019 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
1020 #
1021 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
1022 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
1023 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
1024 #
1025 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
1026 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
1027 # daylight saving time ...
1028 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
1029 #
1030 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
1031 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
1032 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1033 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
1034 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
1035 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
1036 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
1037 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
1038 #
1039 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1040 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1041 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
1042 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
1043 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
1044 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
1045 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1046 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1047 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1048 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1049 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1050 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1051 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1052 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1542
1543 # Kazakhstan
1544
1545 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1546 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1547 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1548 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1549 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1550 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1551
1552 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1553 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1554 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1555 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1556 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1557 #
1558 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1559 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1560 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1561
1562 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
1563 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
1564 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1565 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1566 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1567 #
1568 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1569 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1570 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1571 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1572 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1573 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1574 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1575 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1576 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1577
1578 #
1579 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1580 #
1581 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1582 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1696 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30):
1697 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
1698 #
1699 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5)
1700 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
1701 # (Announcement No. 338)
1702 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
1703 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
1704 # 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)
1705 #
1706 # The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change
1707 # to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change
1708 # to UT+9 on 1912-01-01? Omit the 1910 change for now.
1709 #
1710 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1711 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
1712 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1713 #
1714 # For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II.
1715
1716 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
1717 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
1718 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
1719 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
1720 #
1721 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
1722 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
1723 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
1724 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
1725 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
1726 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
1727
1728 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1729 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1730 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1731 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1732 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1733 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1734 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1735 9:00 ROK K%sT
1736 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1737 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1738 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1739 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
1740 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
1741 8:30 - KST
1742
1743 ###############################################################################
1744
1745 # Kuwait
1746 # See Asia/Riyadh.
1747
1748 # Laos
1749 # See Asia/Bangkok.
1750
1751
1752 # Lebanon
1753 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1754 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1755 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1756 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1757 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1758 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1759 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1760 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1761 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1902
1903 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1904 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1905 # schedule here:
1906 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1907 # (click the English flag for English)
1908 #
1909 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
1910 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1911 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1912 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
1913 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1914 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1915
1916 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1917 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1918 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1919 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1920 # this is almost surely wrong.
1921
1922 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
1923 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
1924 # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
1925 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
1926 # September daylight saving time ends. Source:
1927 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
1928
1929 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1930 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1931 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1932 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1933 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1934 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1935 #
1936 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1937 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
1938 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1939 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1940 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1941 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1942
1943 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1944 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1945 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1946 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1947 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1948 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1949 Rule Mongol 2015 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1950 Rule Mongol 2015 max - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
1951
1952 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1953 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1954 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1955 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1956 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1957 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1958 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1959 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1960 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1961 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1962 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1963 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1964 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1965 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1966 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1967 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1968
1969 # Nepal
1970 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2349 #
2350 # Our brief summary:
2351 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
2352
2353 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
2354 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
2355 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
2356 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
2357 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
2358 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
2359
2360 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
2361 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
2362 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
2363 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
2364 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
2365 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
2366 # official source...:
2367 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
2368
2369 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
2370 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
2371 # and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
2372 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
2373 #
2374 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
2375 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
2376 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
2377 # For future dates, guess the last Friday in March at 24:00 through
2378 # the first Friday on or after October 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with
2379 # the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs:
2380 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
2381 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
2382
2383 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2384 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2385 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2386 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2387 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2388 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2389 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2390
2391 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2392 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2393 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2394 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2395 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2396 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2397 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2398 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2399 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2400 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
2401 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2402 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2403 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
2404 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2405 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
2406 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2407 Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2408 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
2409 Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2410 Rule Palestine 2014 max - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2411 Rule Palestine 2015 max - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
2412
2413 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2414 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2415 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2416 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2417 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2418 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2419 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
2420 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
2421 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
2422 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2423 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2424 2:00 - EET 2012
2425 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2426
2427 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2428 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2429 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2430 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2431 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
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