1 /*
   2  * CDDL HEADER START
   3  *
   4  * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
   5  * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
   6  * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   7  *
   8  * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
   9  * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
  10  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
  11  * and limitations under the License.
  12  *
  13  * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
  14  * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
  15  * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
  16  * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
  17  * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
  18  *
  19  * CDDL HEADER END
  20  */
  21 /*
  22  * Copyright (c) 2005, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  23  * Copyright (c) 2011, 2014 by Delphix. All rights reserved.
  24  * Copyright (c) 2011 Nexenta Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
  25  * Copyright 2013 Joyent, Inc. All rights reserved.
  26  */
  27 
  28 #include <sys/sysmacros.h>
  29 #include <sys/zfs_context.h>
  30 #include <sys/fm/fs/zfs.h>
  31 #include <sys/spa.h>
  32 #include <sys/txg.h>
  33 #include <sys/spa_impl.h>
  34 #include <sys/vdev_impl.h>
  35 #include <sys/zio_impl.h>
  36 #include <sys/zio_compress.h>
  37 #include <sys/zio_checksum.h>
  38 #include <sys/dmu_objset.h>
  39 #include <sys/arc.h>
  40 #include <sys/ddt.h>
  41 #include <sys/zfs_zone.h>
  42 #include <sys/blkptr.h>
  43 #include <sys/zfeature.h>
  44 
  45 /*
  46  * ==========================================================================
  47  * I/O type descriptions
  48  * ==========================================================================
  49  */
  50 const char *zio_type_name[ZIO_TYPES] = {
  51         "zio_null", "zio_read", "zio_write", "zio_free", "zio_claim",
  52         "zio_ioctl"
  53 };
  54 
  55 /*
  56  * ==========================================================================
  57  * I/O kmem caches
  58  * ==========================================================================
  59  */
  60 kmem_cache_t *zio_cache;
  61 kmem_cache_t *zio_link_cache;
  62 kmem_cache_t *zio_buf_cache[SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT];
  63 kmem_cache_t *zio_data_buf_cache[SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT];
  64 
  65 #ifdef _KERNEL
  66 extern vmem_t *zio_alloc_arena;
  67 #endif
  68 
  69 #define ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE           0x100
  70 #define ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP               0x101
  71 
  72 /*
  73  * The following actions directly effect the spa's sync-to-convergence logic.
  74  * The values below define the sync pass when we start performing the action.
  75  * Care should be taken when changing these values as they directly impact
  76  * spa_sync() performance. Tuning these values may introduce subtle performance
  77  * pathologies and should only be done in the context of performance analysis.
  78  * These tunables will eventually be removed and replaced with #defines once
  79  * enough analysis has been done to determine optimal values.
  80  *
  81  * The 'zfs_sync_pass_deferred_free' pass must be greater than 1 to ensure that
  82  * regular blocks are not deferred.
  83  */
  84 int zfs_sync_pass_deferred_free = 2; /* defer frees starting in this pass */
  85 int zfs_sync_pass_dont_compress = 5; /* don't compress starting in this pass */
  86 int zfs_sync_pass_rewrite = 2; /* rewrite new bps starting in this pass */
  87 
  88 /*
  89  * An allocating zio is one that either currently has the DVA allocate
  90  * stage set or will have it later in its lifetime.
  91  */
  92 #define IO_IS_ALLOCATING(zio) ((zio)->io_orig_pipeline & ZIO_STAGE_DVA_ALLOCATE)
  93 
  94 boolean_t       zio_requeue_io_start_cut_in_line = B_TRUE;
  95 
  96 #ifdef ZFS_DEBUG
  97 int zio_buf_debug_limit = 16384;
  98 #else
  99 int zio_buf_debug_limit = 0;
 100 #endif
 101 
 102 void
 103 zio_init(void)
 104 {
 105         size_t c;
 106         vmem_t *data_alloc_arena = NULL;
 107 
 108 #ifdef _KERNEL
 109         data_alloc_arena = zio_alloc_arena;
 110 #endif
 111         zio_cache = kmem_cache_create("zio_cache",
 112             sizeof (zio_t), 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
 113         zio_link_cache = kmem_cache_create("zio_link_cache",
 114             sizeof (zio_link_t), 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
 115 
 116         /*
 117          * For small buffers, we want a cache for each multiple of
 118          * SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE.  For larger buffers, we want a cache
 119          * for each quarter-power of 2.
 120          */
 121         for (c = 0; c < SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT; c++) {
 122                 size_t size = (c + 1) << SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT;
 123                 size_t p2 = size;
 124                 size_t align = 0;
 125                 size_t cflags = (size > zio_buf_debug_limit) ? KMC_NODEBUG : 0;
 126 
 127                 while (!ISP2(p2))
 128                         p2 &= p2 - 1;
 129 
 130 #ifndef _KERNEL
 131                 /*
 132                  * If we are using watchpoints, put each buffer on its own page,
 133                  * to eliminate the performance overhead of trapping to the
 134                  * kernel when modifying a non-watched buffer that shares the
 135                  * page with a watched buffer.
 136                  */
 137                 if (arc_watch && !IS_P2ALIGNED(size, PAGESIZE))
 138                         continue;
 139 #endif
 140                 if (size <= 4 * SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE) {
 141                         align = SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE;
 142                 } else if (IS_P2ALIGNED(size, p2 >> 2)) {
 143                         align = MIN(p2 >> 2, PAGESIZE);
 144                 }
 145 
 146                 if (align != 0) {
 147                         char name[36];
 148                         (void) sprintf(name, "zio_buf_%lu", (ulong_t)size);
 149                         zio_buf_cache[c] = kmem_cache_create(name, size,
 150                             align, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, cflags);
 151 
 152                         /*
 153                          * Since zio_data bufs do not appear in crash dumps, we
 154                          * pass KMC_NOTOUCH so that no allocator metadata is
 155                          * stored with the buffers.
 156                          */
 157                         (void) sprintf(name, "zio_data_buf_%lu", (ulong_t)size);
 158                         zio_data_buf_cache[c] = kmem_cache_create(name, size,
 159                             align, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, data_alloc_arena,
 160                             cflags | KMC_NOTOUCH);
 161                 }
 162         }
 163 
 164         while (--c != 0) {
 165                 ASSERT(zio_buf_cache[c] != NULL);
 166                 if (zio_buf_cache[c - 1] == NULL)
 167                         zio_buf_cache[c - 1] = zio_buf_cache[c];
 168 
 169                 ASSERT(zio_data_buf_cache[c] != NULL);
 170                 if (zio_data_buf_cache[c - 1] == NULL)
 171                         zio_data_buf_cache[c - 1] = zio_data_buf_cache[c];
 172         }
 173 
 174         zio_inject_init();
 175 }
 176 
 177 void
 178 zio_fini(void)
 179 {
 180         size_t c;
 181         kmem_cache_t *last_cache = NULL;
 182         kmem_cache_t *last_data_cache = NULL;
 183 
 184         for (c = 0; c < SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT; c++) {
 185                 if (zio_buf_cache[c] != last_cache) {
 186                         last_cache = zio_buf_cache[c];
 187                         kmem_cache_destroy(zio_buf_cache[c]);
 188                 }
 189                 zio_buf_cache[c] = NULL;
 190 
 191                 if (zio_data_buf_cache[c] != last_data_cache) {
 192                         last_data_cache = zio_data_buf_cache[c];
 193                         kmem_cache_destroy(zio_data_buf_cache[c]);
 194                 }
 195                 zio_data_buf_cache[c] = NULL;
 196         }
 197 
 198         kmem_cache_destroy(zio_link_cache);
 199         kmem_cache_destroy(zio_cache);
 200 
 201         zio_inject_fini();
 202 }
 203 
 204 /*
 205  * ==========================================================================
 206  * Allocate and free I/O buffers
 207  * ==========================================================================
 208  */
 209 
 210 /*
 211  * Use zio_buf_alloc to allocate ZFS metadata.  This data will appear in a
 212  * crashdump if the kernel panics, so use it judiciously.  Obviously, it's
 213  * useful to inspect ZFS metadata, but if possible, we should avoid keeping
 214  * excess / transient data in-core during a crashdump.
 215  */
 216 void *
 217 zio_buf_alloc(size_t size)
 218 {
 219         size_t c = (size - 1) >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT;
 220 
 221         VERIFY3U(c, <, SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT);
 222 
 223         return (kmem_cache_alloc(zio_buf_cache[c], KM_PUSHPAGE));
 224 }
 225 
 226 /*
 227  * Use zio_data_buf_alloc to allocate data.  The data will not appear in a
 228  * crashdump if the kernel panics.  This exists so that we will limit the amount
 229  * of ZFS data that shows up in a kernel crashdump.  (Thus reducing the amount
 230  * of kernel heap dumped to disk when the kernel panics)
 231  */
 232 void *
 233 zio_data_buf_alloc(size_t size)
 234 {
 235         size_t c = (size - 1) >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT;
 236 
 237         VERIFY3U(c, <, SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT);
 238 
 239         return (kmem_cache_alloc(zio_data_buf_cache[c], KM_PUSHPAGE));
 240 }
 241 
 242 void
 243 zio_buf_free(void *buf, size_t size)
 244 {
 245         size_t c = (size - 1) >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT;
 246 
 247         VERIFY3U(c, <, SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT);
 248 
 249         kmem_cache_free(zio_buf_cache[c], buf);
 250 }
 251 
 252 void
 253 zio_data_buf_free(void *buf, size_t size)
 254 {
 255         size_t c = (size - 1) >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT;
 256 
 257         VERIFY3U(c, <, SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT);
 258 
 259         kmem_cache_free(zio_data_buf_cache[c], buf);
 260 }
 261 
 262 /*
 263  * ==========================================================================
 264  * Push and pop I/O transform buffers
 265  * ==========================================================================
 266  */
 267 static void
 268 zio_push_transform(zio_t *zio, void *data, uint64_t size, uint64_t bufsize,
 269         zio_transform_func_t *transform)
 270 {
 271         zio_transform_t *zt = kmem_alloc(sizeof (zio_transform_t), KM_SLEEP);
 272 
 273         zt->zt_orig_data = zio->io_data;
 274         zt->zt_orig_size = zio->io_size;
 275         zt->zt_bufsize = bufsize;
 276         zt->zt_transform = transform;
 277 
 278         zt->zt_next = zio->io_transform_stack;
 279         zio->io_transform_stack = zt;
 280 
 281         zio->io_data = data;
 282         zio->io_size = size;
 283 }
 284 
 285 static void
 286 zio_pop_transforms(zio_t *zio)
 287 {
 288         zio_transform_t *zt;
 289 
 290         while ((zt = zio->io_transform_stack) != NULL) {
 291                 if (zt->zt_transform != NULL)
 292                         zt->zt_transform(zio,
 293                             zt->zt_orig_data, zt->zt_orig_size);
 294 
 295                 if (zt->zt_bufsize != 0)
 296                         zio_buf_free(zio->io_data, zt->zt_bufsize);
 297 
 298                 zio->io_data = zt->zt_orig_data;
 299                 zio->io_size = zt->zt_orig_size;
 300                 zio->io_transform_stack = zt->zt_next;
 301 
 302                 kmem_free(zt, sizeof (zio_transform_t));
 303         }
 304 }
 305 
 306 /*
 307  * ==========================================================================
 308  * I/O transform callbacks for subblocks and decompression
 309  * ==========================================================================
 310  */
 311 static void
 312 zio_subblock(zio_t *zio, void *data, uint64_t size)
 313 {
 314         ASSERT(zio->io_size > size);
 315 
 316         if (zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_READ)
 317                 bcopy(zio->io_data, data, size);
 318 }
 319 
 320 static void
 321 zio_decompress(zio_t *zio, void *data, uint64_t size)
 322 {
 323         if (zio->io_error == 0 &&
 324             zio_decompress_data(BP_GET_COMPRESS(zio->io_bp),
 325             zio->io_data, data, zio->io_size, size) != 0)
 326                 zio->io_error = SET_ERROR(EIO);
 327 }
 328 
 329 /*
 330  * ==========================================================================
 331  * I/O parent/child relationships and pipeline interlocks
 332  * ==========================================================================
 333  */
 334 /*
 335  * NOTE - Callers to zio_walk_parents() and zio_walk_children must
 336  *        continue calling these functions until they return NULL.
 337  *        Otherwise, the next caller will pick up the list walk in
 338  *        some indeterminate state.  (Otherwise every caller would
 339  *        have to pass in a cookie to keep the state represented by
 340  *        io_walk_link, which gets annoying.)
 341  */
 342 zio_t *
 343 zio_walk_parents(zio_t *cio)
 344 {
 345         zio_link_t *zl = cio->io_walk_link;
 346         list_t *pl = &cio->io_parent_list;
 347 
 348         zl = (zl == NULL) ? list_head(pl) : list_next(pl, zl);
 349         cio->io_walk_link = zl;
 350 
 351         if (zl == NULL)
 352                 return (NULL);
 353 
 354         ASSERT(zl->zl_child == cio);
 355         return (zl->zl_parent);
 356 }
 357 
 358 zio_t *
 359 zio_walk_children(zio_t *pio)
 360 {
 361         zio_link_t *zl = pio->io_walk_link;
 362         list_t *cl = &pio->io_child_list;
 363 
 364         zl = (zl == NULL) ? list_head(cl) : list_next(cl, zl);
 365         pio->io_walk_link = zl;
 366 
 367         if (zl == NULL)
 368                 return (NULL);
 369 
 370         ASSERT(zl->zl_parent == pio);
 371         return (zl->zl_child);
 372 }
 373 
 374 zio_t *
 375 zio_unique_parent(zio_t *cio)
 376 {
 377         zio_t *pio = zio_walk_parents(cio);
 378 
 379         VERIFY(zio_walk_parents(cio) == NULL);
 380         return (pio);
 381 }
 382 
 383 void
 384 zio_add_child(zio_t *pio, zio_t *cio)
 385 {
 386         zio_link_t *zl = kmem_cache_alloc(zio_link_cache, KM_SLEEP);
 387 
 388         /*
 389          * Logical I/Os can have logical, gang, or vdev children.
 390          * Gang I/Os can have gang or vdev children.
 391          * Vdev I/Os can only have vdev children.
 392          * The following ASSERT captures all of these constraints.
 393          */
 394         ASSERT(cio->io_child_type <= pio->io_child_type);
 395 
 396         zl->zl_parent = pio;
 397         zl->zl_child = cio;
 398 
 399         mutex_enter(&cio->io_lock);
 400         mutex_enter(&pio->io_lock);
 401 
 402         ASSERT(pio->io_state[ZIO_WAIT_DONE] == 0);
 403 
 404         for (int w = 0; w < ZIO_WAIT_TYPES; w++)
 405                 pio->io_children[cio->io_child_type][w] += !cio->io_state[w];
 406 
 407         list_insert_head(&pio->io_child_list, zl);
 408         list_insert_head(&cio->io_parent_list, zl);
 409 
 410         pio->io_child_count++;
 411         cio->io_parent_count++;
 412 
 413         mutex_exit(&pio->io_lock);
 414         mutex_exit(&cio->io_lock);
 415 }
 416 
 417 static void
 418 zio_remove_child(zio_t *pio, zio_t *cio, zio_link_t *zl)
 419 {
 420         ASSERT(zl->zl_parent == pio);
 421         ASSERT(zl->zl_child == cio);
 422 
 423         mutex_enter(&cio->io_lock);
 424         mutex_enter(&pio->io_lock);
 425 
 426         list_remove(&pio->io_child_list, zl);
 427         list_remove(&cio->io_parent_list, zl);
 428 
 429         pio->io_child_count--;
 430         cio->io_parent_count--;
 431 
 432         mutex_exit(&pio->io_lock);
 433         mutex_exit(&cio->io_lock);
 434 
 435         kmem_cache_free(zio_link_cache, zl);
 436 }
 437 
 438 static boolean_t
 439 zio_wait_for_children(zio_t *zio, enum zio_child child, enum zio_wait_type wait)
 440 {
 441         uint64_t *countp = &zio->io_children[child][wait];
 442         boolean_t waiting = B_FALSE;
 443 
 444         mutex_enter(&zio->io_lock);
 445         ASSERT(zio->io_stall == NULL);
 446         if (*countp != 0) {
 447                 zio->io_stage >>= 1;
 448                 zio->io_stall = countp;
 449                 waiting = B_TRUE;
 450         }
 451         mutex_exit(&zio->io_lock);
 452 
 453         return (waiting);
 454 }
 455 
 456 static void
 457 zio_notify_parent(zio_t *pio, zio_t *zio, enum zio_wait_type wait)
 458 {
 459         uint64_t *countp = &pio->io_children[zio->io_child_type][wait];
 460         int *errorp = &pio->io_child_error[zio->io_child_type];
 461 
 462         mutex_enter(&pio->io_lock);
 463         if (zio->io_error && !(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_DONT_PROPAGATE))
 464                 *errorp = zio_worst_error(*errorp, zio->io_error);
 465         pio->io_reexecute |= zio->io_reexecute;
 466         ASSERT3U(*countp, >, 0);
 467 
 468         (*countp)--;
 469 
 470         if (*countp == 0 && pio->io_stall == countp) {
 471                 pio->io_stall = NULL;
 472                 mutex_exit(&pio->io_lock);
 473                 zio_execute(pio);
 474         } else {
 475                 mutex_exit(&pio->io_lock);
 476         }
 477 }
 478 
 479 static void
 480 zio_inherit_child_errors(zio_t *zio, enum zio_child c)
 481 {
 482         if (zio->io_child_error[c] != 0 && zio->io_error == 0)
 483                 zio->io_error = zio->io_child_error[c];
 484 }
 485 
 486 /*
 487  * ==========================================================================
 488  * Create the various types of I/O (read, write, free, etc)
 489  * ==========================================================================
 490  */
 491 static zio_t *
 492 zio_create(zio_t *pio, spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg, const blkptr_t *bp,
 493     void *data, uint64_t size, zio_done_func_t *done, void *private,
 494     zio_type_t type, zio_priority_t priority, enum zio_flag flags,
 495     vdev_t *vd, uint64_t offset, const zbookmark_phys_t *zb,
 496     enum zio_stage stage, enum zio_stage pipeline)
 497 {
 498         zio_t *zio;
 499 
 500         ASSERT3U(size, <=, SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE);
 501         ASSERT(P2PHASE(size, SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE) == 0);
 502         ASSERT(P2PHASE(offset, SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE) == 0);
 503 
 504         ASSERT(!vd || spa_config_held(spa, SCL_STATE_ALL, RW_READER));
 505         ASSERT(!bp || !(flags & ZIO_FLAG_CONFIG_WRITER));
 506         ASSERT(vd || stage == ZIO_STAGE_OPEN);
 507 
 508         zio = kmem_cache_alloc(zio_cache, KM_SLEEP);
 509         bzero(zio, sizeof (zio_t));
 510 
 511         mutex_init(&zio->io_lock, NULL, MUTEX_DEFAULT, NULL);
 512         cv_init(&zio->io_cv, NULL, CV_DEFAULT, NULL);
 513 
 514         list_create(&zio->io_parent_list, sizeof (zio_link_t),
 515             offsetof(zio_link_t, zl_parent_node));
 516         list_create(&zio->io_child_list, sizeof (zio_link_t),
 517             offsetof(zio_link_t, zl_child_node));
 518 
 519         if (vd != NULL)
 520                 zio->io_child_type = ZIO_CHILD_VDEV;
 521         else if (flags & ZIO_FLAG_GANG_CHILD)
 522                 zio->io_child_type = ZIO_CHILD_GANG;
 523         else if (flags & ZIO_FLAG_DDT_CHILD)
 524                 zio->io_child_type = ZIO_CHILD_DDT;
 525         else
 526                 zio->io_child_type = ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL;
 527 
 528         if (bp != NULL) {
 529                 zio->io_bp = (blkptr_t *)bp;
 530                 zio->io_bp_copy = *bp;
 531                 zio->io_bp_orig = *bp;
 532                 if (type != ZIO_TYPE_WRITE ||
 533                     zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_DDT)
 534                         zio->io_bp = &zio->io_bp_copy;        /* so caller can free */
 535                 if (zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL)
 536                         zio->io_logical = zio;
 537                 if (zio->io_child_type > ZIO_CHILD_GANG && BP_IS_GANG(bp))
 538                         pipeline |= ZIO_GANG_STAGES;
 539         }
 540 
 541         zio->io_spa = spa;
 542         zio->io_txg = txg;
 543         zio->io_done = done;
 544         zio->io_private = private;
 545         zio->io_type = type;
 546         zio->io_priority = priority;
 547         zio->io_vd = vd;
 548         zio->io_offset = offset;
 549         zio->io_orig_data = zio->io_data = data;
 550         zio->io_orig_size = zio->io_size = size;
 551         zio->io_orig_flags = zio->io_flags = flags;
 552         zio->io_orig_stage = zio->io_stage = stage;
 553         zio->io_orig_pipeline = zio->io_pipeline = pipeline;
 554 
 555         zio->io_state[ZIO_WAIT_READY] = (stage >= ZIO_STAGE_READY);
 556         zio->io_state[ZIO_WAIT_DONE] = (stage >= ZIO_STAGE_DONE);
 557 
 558         if (zb != NULL)
 559                 zio->io_bookmark = *zb;
 560 
 561         if (pio != NULL) {
 562                 zio->io_zoneid = pio->io_zoneid;
 563                 if (zio->io_logical == NULL)
 564                         zio->io_logical = pio->io_logical;
 565                 if (zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_GANG)
 566                         zio->io_gang_leader = pio->io_gang_leader;
 567                 zio_add_child(pio, zio);
 568         } else {
 569                 zfs_zone_zio_init(zio);
 570         }
 571 
 572         return (zio);
 573 }
 574 
 575 static void
 576 zio_destroy(zio_t *zio)
 577 {
 578         list_destroy(&zio->io_parent_list);
 579         list_destroy(&zio->io_child_list);
 580         mutex_destroy(&zio->io_lock);
 581         cv_destroy(&zio->io_cv);
 582         kmem_cache_free(zio_cache, zio);
 583 }
 584 
 585 zio_t *
 586 zio_null(zio_t *pio, spa_t *spa, vdev_t *vd, zio_done_func_t *done,
 587     void *private, enum zio_flag flags)
 588 {
 589         zio_t *zio;
 590 
 591         zio = zio_create(pio, spa, 0, NULL, NULL, 0, done, private,
 592             ZIO_TYPE_NULL, ZIO_PRIORITY_NOW, flags, vd, 0, NULL,
 593             ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE);
 594 
 595         return (zio);
 596 }
 597 
 598 zio_t *
 599 zio_root(spa_t *spa, zio_done_func_t *done, void *private, enum zio_flag flags)
 600 {
 601         return (zio_null(NULL, spa, NULL, done, private, flags));
 602 }
 603 
 604 void
 605 zfs_blkptr_verify(spa_t *spa, const blkptr_t *bp)
 606 {
 607         if (!DMU_OT_IS_VALID(BP_GET_TYPE(bp))) {
 608                 zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p has invalid TYPE %llu",
 609                     bp, (longlong_t)BP_GET_TYPE(bp));
 610         }
 611         if (BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp) >= ZIO_CHECKSUM_FUNCTIONS ||
 612             BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp) <= ZIO_CHECKSUM_ON) {
 613                 zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p has invalid CHECKSUM %llu",
 614                     bp, (longlong_t)BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp));
 615         }
 616         if (BP_GET_COMPRESS(bp) >= ZIO_COMPRESS_FUNCTIONS ||
 617             BP_GET_COMPRESS(bp) <= ZIO_COMPRESS_ON) {
 618                 zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p has invalid COMPRESS %llu",
 619                     bp, (longlong_t)BP_GET_COMPRESS(bp));
 620         }
 621         if (BP_GET_LSIZE(bp) > SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE) {
 622                 zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p has invalid LSIZE %llu",
 623                     bp, (longlong_t)BP_GET_LSIZE(bp));
 624         }
 625         if (BP_GET_PSIZE(bp) > SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE) {
 626                 zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p has invalid PSIZE %llu",
 627                     bp, (longlong_t)BP_GET_PSIZE(bp));
 628         }
 629 
 630         if (BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp)) {
 631                 if (BPE_GET_ETYPE(bp) > NUM_BP_EMBEDDED_TYPES) {
 632                         zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p has invalid ETYPE %llu",
 633                             bp, (longlong_t)BPE_GET_ETYPE(bp));
 634                 }
 635         }
 636 
 637         /*
 638          * Pool-specific checks.
 639          *
 640          * Note: it would be nice to verify that the blk_birth and
 641          * BP_PHYSICAL_BIRTH() are not too large.  However, spa_freeze()
 642          * allows the birth time of log blocks (and dmu_sync()-ed blocks
 643          * that are in the log) to be arbitrarily large.
 644          */
 645         for (int i = 0; i < BP_GET_NDVAS(bp); i++) {
 646                 uint64_t vdevid = DVA_GET_VDEV(&bp->blk_dva[i]);
 647                 if (vdevid >= spa->spa_root_vdev->vdev_children) {
 648                         zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p DVA %u has invalid "
 649                             "VDEV %llu",
 650                             bp, i, (longlong_t)vdevid);
 651                 }
 652                 vdev_t *vd = spa->spa_root_vdev->vdev_child[vdevid];
 653                 if (vd == NULL) {
 654                         zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p DVA %u has invalid "
 655                             "VDEV %llu",
 656                             bp, i, (longlong_t)vdevid);
 657                 }
 658                 if (vd->vdev_ops == &vdev_hole_ops) {
 659                         zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p DVA %u has hole "
 660                             "VDEV %llu",
 661                             bp, i, (longlong_t)vdevid);
 662 
 663                 }
 664                 if (vd->vdev_ops == &vdev_missing_ops) {
 665                         /*
 666                          * "missing" vdevs are valid during import, but we
 667                          * don't have their detailed info (e.g. asize), so
 668                          * we can't perform any more checks on them.
 669                          */
 670                         continue;
 671                 }
 672                 uint64_t offset = DVA_GET_OFFSET(&bp->blk_dva[i]);
 673                 uint64_t asize = DVA_GET_ASIZE(&bp->blk_dva[i]);
 674                 if (BP_IS_GANG(bp))
 675                         asize = vdev_psize_to_asize(vd, SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE);
 676                 if (offset + asize > vd->vdev_asize) {
 677                         zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p DVA %u has invalid "
 678                             "OFFSET %llu",
 679                             bp, i, (longlong_t)offset);
 680                 }
 681         }
 682 }
 683 
 684 zio_t *
 685 zio_read(zio_t *pio, spa_t *spa, const blkptr_t *bp,
 686     void *data, uint64_t size, zio_done_func_t *done, void *private,
 687     zio_priority_t priority, enum zio_flag flags, const zbookmark_phys_t *zb)
 688 {
 689         zio_t *zio;
 690 
 691         zfs_blkptr_verify(spa, bp);
 692 
 693         zio = zio_create(pio, spa, BP_PHYSICAL_BIRTH(bp), bp,
 694             data, size, done, private,
 695             ZIO_TYPE_READ, priority, flags, NULL, 0, zb,
 696             ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, (flags & ZIO_FLAG_DDT_CHILD) ?
 697             ZIO_DDT_CHILD_READ_PIPELINE : ZIO_READ_PIPELINE);
 698 
 699         return (zio);
 700 }
 701 
 702 zio_t *
 703 zio_write(zio_t *pio, spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg, blkptr_t *bp,
 704     void *data, uint64_t size, const zio_prop_t *zp,
 705     zio_done_func_t *ready, zio_done_func_t *physdone, zio_done_func_t *done,
 706     void *private,
 707     zio_priority_t priority, enum zio_flag flags, const zbookmark_phys_t *zb)
 708 {
 709         zio_t *zio;
 710 
 711         ASSERT(zp->zp_checksum >= ZIO_CHECKSUM_OFF &&
 712             zp->zp_checksum < ZIO_CHECKSUM_FUNCTIONS &&
 713             zp->zp_compress >= ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF &&
 714             zp->zp_compress < ZIO_COMPRESS_FUNCTIONS &&
 715             DMU_OT_IS_VALID(zp->zp_type) &&
 716             zp->zp_level < 32 &&
 717             zp->zp_copies > 0 &&
 718             zp->zp_copies <= spa_max_replication(spa));
 719 
 720         zio = zio_create(pio, spa, txg, bp, data, size, done, private,
 721             ZIO_TYPE_WRITE, priority, flags, NULL, 0, zb,
 722             ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, (flags & ZIO_FLAG_DDT_CHILD) ?
 723             ZIO_DDT_CHILD_WRITE_PIPELINE : ZIO_WRITE_PIPELINE);
 724 
 725         zio->io_ready = ready;
 726         zio->io_physdone = physdone;
 727         zio->io_prop = *zp;
 728 
 729         /*
 730          * Data can be NULL if we are going to call zio_write_override() to
 731          * provide the already-allocated BP.  But we may need the data to
 732          * verify a dedup hit (if requested).  In this case, don't try to
 733          * dedup (just take the already-allocated BP verbatim).
 734          */
 735         if (data == NULL && zio->io_prop.zp_dedup_verify) {
 736                 zio->io_prop.zp_dedup = zio->io_prop.zp_dedup_verify = B_FALSE;
 737         }
 738 
 739         return (zio);
 740 }
 741 
 742 zio_t *
 743 zio_rewrite(zio_t *pio, spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg, blkptr_t *bp, void *data,
 744     uint64_t size, zio_done_func_t *done, void *private,
 745     zio_priority_t priority, enum zio_flag flags, zbookmark_phys_t *zb)
 746 {
 747         zio_t *zio;
 748 
 749         zio = zio_create(pio, spa, txg, bp, data, size, done, private,
 750             ZIO_TYPE_WRITE, priority, flags, NULL, 0, zb,
 751             ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, ZIO_REWRITE_PIPELINE);
 752 
 753         return (zio);
 754 }
 755 
 756 void
 757 zio_write_override(zio_t *zio, blkptr_t *bp, int copies, boolean_t nopwrite)
 758 {
 759         ASSERT(zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE);
 760         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
 761         ASSERT(zio->io_stage == ZIO_STAGE_OPEN);
 762         ASSERT(zio->io_txg == spa_syncing_txg(zio->io_spa));
 763 
 764         /*
 765          * We must reset the io_prop to match the values that existed
 766          * when the bp was first written by dmu_sync() keeping in mind
 767          * that nopwrite and dedup are mutually exclusive.
 768          */
 769         zio->io_prop.zp_dedup = nopwrite ? B_FALSE : zio->io_prop.zp_dedup;
 770         zio->io_prop.zp_nopwrite = nopwrite;
 771         zio->io_prop.zp_copies = copies;
 772         zio->io_bp_override = bp;
 773 }
 774 
 775 void
 776 zio_free(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg, const blkptr_t *bp)
 777 {
 778 
 779         /*
 780          * The check for EMBEDDED is a performance optimization.  We
 781          * process the free here (by ignoring it) rather than
 782          * putting it on the list and then processing it in zio_free_sync().
 783          */
 784         if (BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp))
 785                 return;
 786         metaslab_check_free(spa, bp);
 787 
 788         /*
 789          * Frees that are for the currently-syncing txg, are not going to be
 790          * deferred, and which will not need to do a read (i.e. not GANG or
 791          * DEDUP), can be processed immediately.  Otherwise, put them on the
 792          * in-memory list for later processing.
 793          */
 794         if (BP_IS_GANG(bp) || BP_GET_DEDUP(bp) ||
 795             txg != spa->spa_syncing_txg ||
 796             spa_sync_pass(spa) >= zfs_sync_pass_deferred_free) {
 797                 bplist_append(&spa->spa_free_bplist[txg & TXG_MASK], bp);
 798         } else {
 799                 VERIFY0(zio_wait(zio_free_sync(NULL, spa, txg, bp, 0)));
 800         }
 801 }
 802 
 803 zio_t *
 804 zio_free_sync(zio_t *pio, spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg, const blkptr_t *bp,
 805     enum zio_flag flags)
 806 {
 807         zio_t *zio;
 808         enum zio_stage stage = ZIO_FREE_PIPELINE;
 809 
 810         ASSERT(!BP_IS_HOLE(bp));
 811         ASSERT(spa_syncing_txg(spa) == txg);
 812         ASSERT(spa_sync_pass(spa) < zfs_sync_pass_deferred_free);
 813 
 814         if (BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp))
 815                 return (zio_null(pio, spa, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0));
 816 
 817         metaslab_check_free(spa, bp);
 818         arc_freed(spa, bp);
 819 
 820         /*
 821          * GANG and DEDUP blocks can induce a read (for the gang block header,
 822          * or the DDT), so issue them asynchronously so that this thread is
 823          * not tied up.
 824          */
 825         if (BP_IS_GANG(bp) || BP_GET_DEDUP(bp))
 826                 stage |= ZIO_STAGE_ISSUE_ASYNC;
 827 
 828         zio = zio_create(pio, spa, txg, bp, NULL, BP_GET_PSIZE(bp),
 829             NULL, NULL, ZIO_TYPE_FREE, ZIO_PRIORITY_NOW, flags,
 830             NULL, 0, NULL, ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, stage);
 831 
 832         return (zio);
 833 }
 834 
 835 zio_t *
 836 zio_claim(zio_t *pio, spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg, const blkptr_t *bp,
 837     zio_done_func_t *done, void *private, enum zio_flag flags)
 838 {
 839         zio_t *zio;
 840 
 841         dprintf_bp(bp, "claiming in txg %llu", txg);
 842 
 843         if (BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp))
 844                 return (zio_null(pio, spa, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0));
 845 
 846         /*
 847          * A claim is an allocation of a specific block.  Claims are needed
 848          * to support immediate writes in the intent log.  The issue is that
 849          * immediate writes contain committed data, but in a txg that was
 850          * *not* committed.  Upon opening the pool after an unclean shutdown,
 851          * the intent log claims all blocks that contain immediate write data
 852          * so that the SPA knows they're in use.
 853          *
 854          * All claims *must* be resolved in the first txg -- before the SPA
 855          * starts allocating blocks -- so that nothing is allocated twice.
 856          * If txg == 0 we just verify that the block is claimable.
 857          */
 858         ASSERT3U(spa->spa_uberblock.ub_rootbp.blk_birth, <, spa_first_txg(spa));
 859         ASSERT(txg == spa_first_txg(spa) || txg == 0);
 860         ASSERT(!BP_GET_DEDUP(bp) || !spa_writeable(spa));       /* zdb(1M) */
 861 
 862         zio = zio_create(pio, spa, txg, bp, NULL, BP_GET_PSIZE(bp),
 863             done, private, ZIO_TYPE_CLAIM, ZIO_PRIORITY_NOW, flags,
 864             NULL, 0, NULL, ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, ZIO_CLAIM_PIPELINE);
 865 
 866         return (zio);
 867 }
 868 
 869 zio_t *
 870 zio_ioctl(zio_t *pio, spa_t *spa, vdev_t *vd, int cmd,
 871     zio_done_func_t *done, void *private, enum zio_flag flags)
 872 {
 873         zio_t *zio;
 874         int c;
 875 
 876         if (vd->vdev_children == 0) {
 877                 zio = zio_create(pio, spa, 0, NULL, NULL, 0, done, private,
 878                     ZIO_TYPE_IOCTL, ZIO_PRIORITY_NOW, flags, vd, 0, NULL,
 879                     ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, ZIO_IOCTL_PIPELINE);
 880 
 881                 zio->io_cmd = cmd;
 882         } else {
 883                 zio = zio_null(pio, spa, NULL, NULL, NULL, flags);
 884 
 885                 for (c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++)
 886                         zio_nowait(zio_ioctl(zio, spa, vd->vdev_child[c], cmd,
 887                             done, private, flags));
 888         }
 889 
 890         return (zio);
 891 }
 892 
 893 zio_t *
 894 zio_read_phys(zio_t *pio, vdev_t *vd, uint64_t offset, uint64_t size,
 895     void *data, int checksum, zio_done_func_t *done, void *private,
 896     zio_priority_t priority, enum zio_flag flags, boolean_t labels)
 897 {
 898         zio_t *zio;
 899 
 900         ASSERT(vd->vdev_children == 0);
 901         ASSERT(!labels || offset + size <= VDEV_LABEL_START_SIZE ||
 902             offset >= vd->vdev_psize - VDEV_LABEL_END_SIZE);
 903         ASSERT3U(offset + size, <=, vd->vdev_psize);
 904 
 905         zio = zio_create(pio, vd->vdev_spa, 0, NULL, data, size, done, private,
 906             ZIO_TYPE_READ, priority, flags | ZIO_FLAG_PHYSICAL, vd, offset,
 907             NULL, ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, ZIO_READ_PHYS_PIPELINE);
 908 
 909         zio->io_prop.zp_checksum = checksum;
 910 
 911         return (zio);
 912 }
 913 
 914 zio_t *
 915 zio_write_phys(zio_t *pio, vdev_t *vd, uint64_t offset, uint64_t size,
 916     void *data, int checksum, zio_done_func_t *done, void *private,
 917     zio_priority_t priority, enum zio_flag flags, boolean_t labels)
 918 {
 919         zio_t *zio;
 920 
 921         ASSERT(vd->vdev_children == 0);
 922         ASSERT(!labels || offset + size <= VDEV_LABEL_START_SIZE ||
 923             offset >= vd->vdev_psize - VDEV_LABEL_END_SIZE);
 924         ASSERT3U(offset + size, <=, vd->vdev_psize);
 925 
 926         zio = zio_create(pio, vd->vdev_spa, 0, NULL, data, size, done, private,
 927             ZIO_TYPE_WRITE, priority, flags | ZIO_FLAG_PHYSICAL, vd, offset,
 928             NULL, ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, ZIO_WRITE_PHYS_PIPELINE);
 929 
 930         zio->io_prop.zp_checksum = checksum;
 931 
 932         if (zio_checksum_table[checksum].ci_eck) {
 933                 /*
 934                  * zec checksums are necessarily destructive -- they modify
 935                  * the end of the write buffer to hold the verifier/checksum.
 936                  * Therefore, we must make a local copy in case the data is
 937                  * being written to multiple places in parallel.
 938                  */
 939                 void *wbuf = zio_buf_alloc(size);
 940                 bcopy(data, wbuf, size);
 941                 zio_push_transform(zio, wbuf, size, size, NULL);
 942         }
 943 
 944         return (zio);
 945 }
 946 
 947 /*
 948  * Create a child I/O to do some work for us.
 949  */
 950 zio_t *
 951 zio_vdev_child_io(zio_t *pio, blkptr_t *bp, vdev_t *vd, uint64_t offset,
 952         void *data, uint64_t size, int type, zio_priority_t priority,
 953         enum zio_flag flags, zio_done_func_t *done, void *private)
 954 {
 955         enum zio_stage pipeline = ZIO_VDEV_CHILD_PIPELINE;
 956         zio_t *zio;
 957 
 958         ASSERT(vd->vdev_parent ==
 959             (pio->io_vd ? pio->io_vd : pio->io_spa->spa_root_vdev));
 960 
 961         if (type == ZIO_TYPE_READ && bp != NULL) {
 962                 /*
 963                  * If we have the bp, then the child should perform the
 964                  * checksum and the parent need not.  This pushes error
 965                  * detection as close to the leaves as possible and
 966                  * eliminates redundant checksums in the interior nodes.
 967                  */
 968                 pipeline |= ZIO_STAGE_CHECKSUM_VERIFY;
 969                 pio->io_pipeline &= ~ZIO_STAGE_CHECKSUM_VERIFY;
 970         }
 971 
 972         if (vd->vdev_children == 0)
 973                 offset += VDEV_LABEL_START_SIZE;
 974 
 975         flags |= ZIO_VDEV_CHILD_FLAGS(pio) | ZIO_FLAG_DONT_PROPAGATE;
 976 
 977         /*
 978          * If we've decided to do a repair, the write is not speculative --
 979          * even if the original read was.
 980          */
 981         if (flags & ZIO_FLAG_IO_REPAIR)
 982                 flags &= ~ZIO_FLAG_SPECULATIVE;
 983 
 984         zio = zio_create(pio, pio->io_spa, pio->io_txg, bp, data, size,
 985             done, private, type, priority, flags, vd, offset, &pio->io_bookmark,
 986             ZIO_STAGE_VDEV_IO_START >> 1, pipeline);
 987 
 988         zio->io_physdone = pio->io_physdone;
 989         if (vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_leaf && zio->io_logical != NULL)
 990                 zio->io_logical->io_phys_children++;
 991 
 992         return (zio);
 993 }
 994 
 995 zio_t *
 996 zio_vdev_delegated_io(vdev_t *vd, uint64_t offset, void *data, uint64_t size,
 997         int type, zio_priority_t priority, enum zio_flag flags,
 998         zio_done_func_t *done, void *private)
 999 {
1000         zio_t *zio;
1001 
1002         ASSERT(vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_leaf);
1003 
1004         zio = zio_create(NULL, vd->vdev_spa, 0, NULL,
1005             data, size, done, private, type, priority,
1006             flags | ZIO_FLAG_CANFAIL | ZIO_FLAG_DONT_RETRY | ZIO_FLAG_DELEGATED,
1007             vd, offset, NULL,
1008             ZIO_STAGE_VDEV_IO_START >> 1, ZIO_VDEV_CHILD_PIPELINE);
1009 
1010         return (zio);
1011 }
1012 
1013 void
1014 zio_flush(zio_t *zio, vdev_t *vd)
1015 {
1016         zio_nowait(zio_ioctl(zio, zio->io_spa, vd, DKIOCFLUSHWRITECACHE,
1017             NULL, NULL,
1018             ZIO_FLAG_CANFAIL | ZIO_FLAG_DONT_PROPAGATE | ZIO_FLAG_DONT_RETRY));
1019 }
1020 
1021 void
1022 zio_shrink(zio_t *zio, uint64_t size)
1023 {
1024         ASSERT(zio->io_executor == NULL);
1025         ASSERT(zio->io_orig_size == zio->io_size);
1026         ASSERT(size <= zio->io_size);
1027 
1028         /*
1029          * We don't shrink for raidz because of problems with the
1030          * reconstruction when reading back less than the block size.
1031          * Note, BP_IS_RAIDZ() assumes no compression.
1032          */
1033         ASSERT(BP_GET_COMPRESS(zio->io_bp) == ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF);
1034         if (!BP_IS_RAIDZ(zio->io_bp))
1035                 zio->io_orig_size = zio->io_size = size;
1036 }
1037 
1038 /*
1039  * ==========================================================================
1040  * Prepare to read and write logical blocks
1041  * ==========================================================================
1042  */
1043 
1044 static int
1045 zio_read_bp_init(zio_t *zio)
1046 {
1047         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
1048 
1049         if (BP_GET_COMPRESS(bp) != ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF &&
1050             zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL &&
1051             !(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_RAW)) {
1052                 uint64_t psize =
1053                     BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp) ? BPE_GET_PSIZE(bp) : BP_GET_PSIZE(bp);
1054                 void *cbuf = zio_buf_alloc(psize);
1055 
1056                 zio_push_transform(zio, cbuf, psize, psize, zio_decompress);
1057         }
1058 
1059         if (BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp) && BPE_GET_ETYPE(bp) == BP_EMBEDDED_TYPE_DATA) {
1060                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
1061                 decode_embedded_bp_compressed(bp, zio->io_data);
1062         } else {
1063                 ASSERT(!BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp));
1064         }
1065 
1066         if (!DMU_OT_IS_METADATA(BP_GET_TYPE(bp)) && BP_GET_LEVEL(bp) == 0)
1067                 zio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_DONT_CACHE;
1068 
1069         if (BP_GET_TYPE(bp) == DMU_OT_DDT_ZAP)
1070                 zio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_DONT_CACHE;
1071 
1072         if (BP_GET_DEDUP(bp) && zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL)
1073                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_DDT_READ_PIPELINE;
1074 
1075         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1076 }
1077 
1078 static int
1079 zio_write_bp_init(zio_t *zio)
1080 {
1081         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
1082         zio_prop_t *zp = &zio->io_prop;
1083         enum zio_compress compress = zp->zp_compress;
1084         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
1085         uint64_t lsize = zio->io_size;
1086         uint64_t psize = lsize;
1087         int pass = 1;
1088 
1089         /*
1090          * If our children haven't all reached the ready stage,
1091          * wait for them and then repeat this pipeline stage.
1092          */
1093         if (zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_GANG, ZIO_WAIT_READY) ||
1094             zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL, ZIO_WAIT_READY))
1095                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
1096 
1097         if (!IO_IS_ALLOCATING(zio))
1098                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1099 
1100         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type != ZIO_CHILD_DDT);
1101 
1102         if (zio->io_bp_override) {
1103                 ASSERT(bp->blk_birth != zio->io_txg);
1104                 ASSERT(BP_GET_DEDUP(zio->io_bp_override) == 0);
1105 
1106                 *bp = *zio->io_bp_override;
1107                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
1108 
1109                 if (BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp))
1110                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1111 
1112                 /*
1113                  * If we've been overridden and nopwrite is set then
1114                  * set the flag accordingly to indicate that a nopwrite
1115                  * has already occurred.
1116                  */
1117                 if (!BP_IS_HOLE(bp) && zp->zp_nopwrite) {
1118                         ASSERT(!zp->zp_dedup);
1119                         zio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_NOPWRITE;
1120                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1121                 }
1122 
1123                 ASSERT(!zp->zp_nopwrite);
1124 
1125                 if (BP_IS_HOLE(bp) || !zp->zp_dedup)
1126                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1127 
1128                 ASSERT(zio_checksum_table[zp->zp_checksum].ci_dedup ||
1129                     zp->zp_dedup_verify);
1130 
1131                 if (BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp) == zp->zp_checksum) {
1132                         BP_SET_DEDUP(bp, 1);
1133                         zio->io_pipeline |= ZIO_STAGE_DDT_WRITE;
1134                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1135                 }
1136                 zio->io_bp_override = NULL;
1137                 BP_ZERO(bp);
1138         }
1139 
1140         if (!BP_IS_HOLE(bp) && bp->blk_birth == zio->io_txg) {
1141                 /*
1142                  * We're rewriting an existing block, which means we're
1143                  * working on behalf of spa_sync().  For spa_sync() to
1144                  * converge, it must eventually be the case that we don't
1145                  * have to allocate new blocks.  But compression changes
1146                  * the blocksize, which forces a reallocate, and makes
1147                  * convergence take longer.  Therefore, after the first
1148                  * few passes, stop compressing to ensure convergence.
1149                  */
1150                 pass = spa_sync_pass(spa);
1151 
1152                 ASSERT(zio->io_txg == spa_syncing_txg(spa));
1153                 ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
1154                 ASSERT(!BP_GET_DEDUP(bp));
1155 
1156                 if (pass >= zfs_sync_pass_dont_compress)
1157                         compress = ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF;
1158 
1159                 /* Make sure someone doesn't change their mind on overwrites */
1160                 ASSERT(BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp) || MIN(zp->zp_copies + BP_IS_GANG(bp),
1161                     spa_max_replication(spa)) == BP_GET_NDVAS(bp));
1162         }
1163 
1164         if (compress != ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF) {
1165                 void *cbuf = zio_buf_alloc(lsize);
1166                 psize = zio_compress_data(compress, zio->io_data, cbuf, lsize);
1167                 if (psize == 0 || psize == lsize) {
1168                         compress = ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF;
1169                         zio_buf_free(cbuf, lsize);
1170                 } else if (!zp->zp_dedup && psize <= BPE_PAYLOAD_SIZE &&
1171                     zp->zp_level == 0 && !DMU_OT_HAS_FILL(zp->zp_type) &&
1172                     spa_feature_is_enabled(spa, SPA_FEATURE_EMBEDDED_DATA)) {
1173                         encode_embedded_bp_compressed(bp,
1174                             cbuf, compress, lsize, psize);
1175                         BPE_SET_ETYPE(bp, BP_EMBEDDED_TYPE_DATA);
1176                         BP_SET_TYPE(bp, zio->io_prop.zp_type);
1177                         BP_SET_LEVEL(bp, zio->io_prop.zp_level);
1178                         zio_buf_free(cbuf, lsize);
1179                         bp->blk_birth = zio->io_txg;
1180                         zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
1181                         ASSERT(spa_feature_is_active(spa,
1182                             SPA_FEATURE_EMBEDDED_DATA));
1183                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1184                 } else {
1185                         /*
1186                          * Round up compressed size to MINBLOCKSIZE and
1187                          * zero the tail.
1188                          */
1189                         size_t rounded =
1190                             P2ROUNDUP(psize, (size_t)SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE);
1191                         if (rounded > psize) {
1192                                 bzero((char *)cbuf + psize, rounded - psize);
1193                                 psize = rounded;
1194                         }
1195                         if (psize == lsize) {
1196                                 compress = ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF;
1197                                 zio_buf_free(cbuf, lsize);
1198                         } else {
1199                                 zio_push_transform(zio, cbuf,
1200                                     psize, lsize, NULL);
1201                         }
1202                 }
1203         }
1204 
1205         /*
1206          * The final pass of spa_sync() must be all rewrites, but the first
1207          * few passes offer a trade-off: allocating blocks defers convergence,
1208          * but newly allocated blocks are sequential, so they can be written
1209          * to disk faster.  Therefore, we allow the first few passes of
1210          * spa_sync() to allocate new blocks, but force rewrites after that.
1211          * There should only be a handful of blocks after pass 1 in any case.
1212          */
1213         if (!BP_IS_HOLE(bp) && bp->blk_birth == zio->io_txg &&
1214             BP_GET_PSIZE(bp) == psize &&
1215             pass >= zfs_sync_pass_rewrite) {
1216                 ASSERT(psize != 0);
1217                 enum zio_stage gang_stages = zio->io_pipeline & ZIO_GANG_STAGES;
1218                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_REWRITE_PIPELINE | gang_stages;
1219                 zio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_IO_REWRITE;
1220         } else {
1221                 BP_ZERO(bp);
1222                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_WRITE_PIPELINE;
1223         }
1224 
1225         if (psize == 0) {
1226                 if (zio->io_bp_orig.blk_birth != 0 &&
1227                     spa_feature_is_active(spa, SPA_FEATURE_HOLE_BIRTH)) {
1228                         BP_SET_LSIZE(bp, lsize);
1229                         BP_SET_TYPE(bp, zp->zp_type);
1230                         BP_SET_LEVEL(bp, zp->zp_level);
1231                         BP_SET_BIRTH(bp, zio->io_txg, 0);
1232                 }
1233                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
1234         } else {
1235                 ASSERT(zp->zp_checksum != ZIO_CHECKSUM_GANG_HEADER);
1236                 BP_SET_LSIZE(bp, lsize);
1237                 BP_SET_TYPE(bp, zp->zp_type);
1238                 BP_SET_LEVEL(bp, zp->zp_level);
1239                 BP_SET_PSIZE(bp, psize);
1240                 BP_SET_COMPRESS(bp, compress);
1241                 BP_SET_CHECKSUM(bp, zp->zp_checksum);
1242                 BP_SET_DEDUP(bp, zp->zp_dedup);
1243                 BP_SET_BYTEORDER(bp, ZFS_HOST_BYTEORDER);
1244                 if (zp->zp_dedup) {
1245                         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
1246                         ASSERT(!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_IO_REWRITE));
1247                         zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_DDT_WRITE_PIPELINE;
1248                 }
1249                 if (zp->zp_nopwrite) {
1250                         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
1251                         ASSERT(!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_IO_REWRITE));
1252                         zio->io_pipeline |= ZIO_STAGE_NOP_WRITE;
1253                 }
1254         }
1255 
1256         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1257 }
1258 
1259 static int
1260 zio_free_bp_init(zio_t *zio)
1261 {
1262         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
1263 
1264         if (zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL) {
1265                 if (BP_GET_DEDUP(bp))
1266                         zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_DDT_FREE_PIPELINE;
1267         }
1268 
1269         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1270 }
1271 
1272 /*
1273  * ==========================================================================
1274  * Execute the I/O pipeline
1275  * ==========================================================================
1276  */
1277 
1278 static void
1279 zio_taskq_dispatch(zio_t *zio, zio_taskq_type_t q, boolean_t cutinline)
1280 {
1281         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
1282         zio_type_t t = zio->io_type;
1283         int flags = (cutinline ? TQ_FRONT : 0);
1284 
1285         /*
1286          * If we're a config writer or a probe, the normal issue and
1287          * interrupt threads may all be blocked waiting for the config lock.
1288          * In this case, select the otherwise-unused taskq for ZIO_TYPE_NULL.
1289          */
1290         if (zio->io_flags & (ZIO_FLAG_CONFIG_WRITER | ZIO_FLAG_PROBE))
1291                 t = ZIO_TYPE_NULL;
1292 
1293         /*
1294          * A similar issue exists for the L2ARC write thread until L2ARC 2.0.
1295          */
1296         if (t == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE && zio->io_vd && zio->io_vd->vdev_aux)
1297                 t = ZIO_TYPE_NULL;
1298 
1299         /*
1300          * If this is a high priority I/O, then use the high priority taskq if
1301          * available.
1302          */
1303         if (zio->io_priority == ZIO_PRIORITY_NOW &&
1304             spa->spa_zio_taskq[t][q + 1].stqs_count != 0)
1305                 q++;
1306 
1307         ASSERT3U(q, <, ZIO_TASKQ_TYPES);
1308 
1309         /*
1310          * NB: We are assuming that the zio can only be dispatched
1311          * to a single taskq at a time.  It would be a grievous error
1312          * to dispatch the zio to another taskq at the same time.
1313          */
1314         ASSERT(zio->io_tqent.tqent_next == NULL);
1315         spa_taskq_dispatch_ent(spa, t, q, (task_func_t *)zio_execute, zio,
1316             flags, &zio->io_tqent);
1317 }
1318 
1319 static boolean_t
1320 zio_taskq_member(zio_t *zio, zio_taskq_type_t q)
1321 {
1322         kthread_t *executor = zio->io_executor;
1323         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
1324 
1325         for (zio_type_t t = 0; t < ZIO_TYPES; t++) {
1326                 spa_taskqs_t *tqs = &spa->spa_zio_taskq[t][q];
1327                 uint_t i;
1328                 for (i = 0; i < tqs->stqs_count; i++) {
1329                         if (taskq_member(tqs->stqs_taskq[i], executor))
1330                                 return (B_TRUE);
1331                 }
1332         }
1333 
1334         return (B_FALSE);
1335 }
1336 
1337 static int
1338 zio_issue_async(zio_t *zio)
1339 {
1340         zio_taskq_dispatch(zio, ZIO_TASKQ_ISSUE, B_FALSE);
1341 
1342         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
1343 }
1344 
1345 void
1346 zio_interrupt(zio_t *zio)
1347 {
1348         zio_taskq_dispatch(zio, ZIO_TASKQ_INTERRUPT, B_FALSE);
1349 }
1350 
1351 /*
1352  * Execute the I/O pipeline until one of the following occurs:
1353  *
1354  *      (1) the I/O completes
1355  *      (2) the pipeline stalls waiting for dependent child I/Os
1356  *      (3) the I/O issues, so we're waiting for an I/O completion interrupt
1357  *      (4) the I/O is delegated by vdev-level caching or aggregation
1358  *      (5) the I/O is deferred due to vdev-level queueing
1359  *      (6) the I/O is handed off to another thread.
1360  *
1361  * In all cases, the pipeline stops whenever there's no CPU work; it never
1362  * burns a thread in cv_wait().
1363  *
1364  * There's no locking on io_stage because there's no legitimate way
1365  * for multiple threads to be attempting to process the same I/O.
1366  */
1367 static zio_pipe_stage_t *zio_pipeline[];
1368 
1369 void
1370 zio_execute(zio_t *zio)
1371 {
1372         zio->io_executor = curthread;
1373 
1374         while (zio->io_stage < ZIO_STAGE_DONE) {
1375                 enum zio_stage pipeline = zio->io_pipeline;
1376                 enum zio_stage stage = zio->io_stage;
1377                 int rv;
1378 
1379                 ASSERT(!MUTEX_HELD(&zio->io_lock));
1380                 ASSERT(ISP2(stage));
1381                 ASSERT(zio->io_stall == NULL);
1382 
1383                 do {
1384                         stage <<= 1;
1385                 } while ((stage & pipeline) == 0);
1386 
1387                 ASSERT(stage <= ZIO_STAGE_DONE);
1388 
1389                 /*
1390                  * If we are in interrupt context and this pipeline stage
1391                  * will grab a config lock that is held across I/O,
1392                  * or may wait for an I/O that needs an interrupt thread
1393                  * to complete, issue async to avoid deadlock.
1394                  *
1395                  * For VDEV_IO_START, we cut in line so that the io will
1396                  * be sent to disk promptly.
1397                  */
1398                 if ((stage & ZIO_BLOCKING_STAGES) && zio->io_vd == NULL &&
1399                     zio_taskq_member(zio, ZIO_TASKQ_INTERRUPT)) {
1400                         boolean_t cut = (stage == ZIO_STAGE_VDEV_IO_START) ?
1401                             zio_requeue_io_start_cut_in_line : B_FALSE;
1402                         zio_taskq_dispatch(zio, ZIO_TASKQ_ISSUE, cut);
1403                         return;
1404                 }
1405 
1406                 zio->io_stage = stage;
1407                 rv = zio_pipeline[highbit64(stage) - 1](zio);
1408 
1409                 if (rv == ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP)
1410                         return;
1411 
1412                 ASSERT(rv == ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1413         }
1414 }
1415 
1416 /*
1417  * ==========================================================================
1418  * Initiate I/O, either sync or async
1419  * ==========================================================================
1420  */
1421 int
1422 zio_wait(zio_t *zio)
1423 {
1424         int error;
1425 
1426         ASSERT(zio->io_stage == ZIO_STAGE_OPEN);
1427         ASSERT(zio->io_executor == NULL);
1428 
1429         zio->io_waiter = curthread;
1430 
1431         zio_execute(zio);
1432 
1433         mutex_enter(&zio->io_lock);
1434         while (zio->io_executor != NULL)
1435                 cv_wait(&zio->io_cv, &zio->io_lock);
1436         mutex_exit(&zio->io_lock);
1437 
1438         error = zio->io_error;
1439         zio_destroy(zio);
1440 
1441         return (error);
1442 }
1443 
1444 void
1445 zio_nowait(zio_t *zio)
1446 {
1447         ASSERT(zio->io_executor == NULL);
1448 
1449         if (zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL &&
1450             zio_unique_parent(zio) == NULL) {
1451                 /*
1452                  * This is a logical async I/O with no parent to wait for it.
1453                  * We add it to the spa_async_root_zio "Godfather" I/O which
1454                  * will ensure they complete prior to unloading the pool.
1455                  */
1456                 spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
1457 
1458                 zio_add_child(spa->spa_async_zio_root[CPU_SEQID], zio);
1459         }
1460 
1461         zio_execute(zio);
1462 }
1463 
1464 /*
1465  * ==========================================================================
1466  * Reexecute or suspend/resume failed I/O
1467  * ==========================================================================
1468  */
1469 
1470 static void
1471 zio_reexecute(zio_t *pio)
1472 {
1473         zio_t *cio, *cio_next;
1474 
1475         ASSERT(pio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
1476         ASSERT(pio->io_orig_stage == ZIO_STAGE_OPEN);
1477         ASSERT(pio->io_gang_leader == NULL);
1478         ASSERT(pio->io_gang_tree == NULL);
1479 
1480         pio->io_flags = pio->io_orig_flags;
1481         pio->io_stage = pio->io_orig_stage;
1482         pio->io_pipeline = pio->io_orig_pipeline;
1483         pio->io_reexecute = 0;
1484         pio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_REEXECUTED;
1485         pio->io_error = 0;
1486         for (int w = 0; w < ZIO_WAIT_TYPES; w++)
1487                 pio->io_state[w] = 0;
1488         for (int c = 0; c < ZIO_CHILD_TYPES; c++)
1489                 pio->io_child_error[c] = 0;
1490 
1491         if (IO_IS_ALLOCATING(pio))
1492                 BP_ZERO(pio->io_bp);
1493 
1494         /*
1495          * As we reexecute pio's children, new children could be created.
1496          * New children go to the head of pio's io_child_list, however,
1497          * so we will (correctly) not reexecute them.  The key is that
1498          * the remainder of pio's io_child_list, from 'cio_next' onward,
1499          * cannot be affected by any side effects of reexecuting 'cio'.
1500          */
1501         for (cio = zio_walk_children(pio); cio != NULL; cio = cio_next) {
1502                 cio_next = zio_walk_children(pio);
1503                 mutex_enter(&pio->io_lock);
1504                 for (int w = 0; w < ZIO_WAIT_TYPES; w++)
1505                         pio->io_children[cio->io_child_type][w]++;
1506                 mutex_exit(&pio->io_lock);
1507                 zio_reexecute(cio);
1508         }
1509 
1510         /*
1511          * Now that all children have been reexecuted, execute the parent.
1512          * We don't reexecute "The Godfather" I/O here as it's the
1513          * responsibility of the caller to wait on him.
1514          */
1515         if (!(pio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_GODFATHER))
1516                 zio_execute(pio);
1517 }
1518 
1519 void
1520 zio_suspend(spa_t *spa, zio_t *zio)
1521 {
1522         if (spa_get_failmode(spa) == ZIO_FAILURE_MODE_PANIC)
1523                 fm_panic("Pool '%s' has encountered an uncorrectable I/O "
1524                     "failure and the failure mode property for this pool "
1525                     "is set to panic.", spa_name(spa));
1526 
1527         zfs_ereport_post(FM_EREPORT_ZFS_IO_FAILURE, spa, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
1528 
1529         mutex_enter(&spa->spa_suspend_lock);
1530 
1531         if (spa->spa_suspend_zio_root == NULL)
1532                 spa->spa_suspend_zio_root = zio_root(spa, NULL, NULL,
1533                     ZIO_FLAG_CANFAIL | ZIO_FLAG_SPECULATIVE |
1534                     ZIO_FLAG_GODFATHER);
1535 
1536         spa->spa_suspended = B_TRUE;
1537 
1538         if (zio != NULL) {
1539                 ASSERT(!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_GODFATHER));
1540                 ASSERT(zio != spa->spa_suspend_zio_root);
1541                 ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
1542                 ASSERT(zio_unique_parent(zio) == NULL);
1543                 ASSERT(zio->io_stage == ZIO_STAGE_DONE);
1544                 zio_add_child(spa->spa_suspend_zio_root, zio);
1545         }
1546 
1547         mutex_exit(&spa->spa_suspend_lock);
1548 }
1549 
1550 int
1551 zio_resume(spa_t *spa)
1552 {
1553         zio_t *pio;
1554 
1555         /*
1556          * Reexecute all previously suspended i/o.
1557          */
1558         mutex_enter(&spa->spa_suspend_lock);
1559         spa->spa_suspended = B_FALSE;
1560         cv_broadcast(&spa->spa_suspend_cv);
1561         pio = spa->spa_suspend_zio_root;
1562         spa->spa_suspend_zio_root = NULL;
1563         mutex_exit(&spa->spa_suspend_lock);
1564 
1565         if (pio == NULL)
1566                 return (0);
1567 
1568         zio_reexecute(pio);
1569         return (zio_wait(pio));
1570 }
1571 
1572 void
1573 zio_resume_wait(spa_t *spa)
1574 {
1575         mutex_enter(&spa->spa_suspend_lock);
1576         while (spa_suspended(spa))
1577                 cv_wait(&spa->spa_suspend_cv, &spa->spa_suspend_lock);
1578         mutex_exit(&spa->spa_suspend_lock);
1579 }
1580 
1581 /*
1582  * ==========================================================================
1583  * Gang blocks.
1584  *
1585  * A gang block is a collection of small blocks that looks to the DMU
1586  * like one large block.  When zio_dva_allocate() cannot find a block
1587  * of the requested size, due to either severe fragmentation or the pool
1588  * being nearly full, it calls zio_write_gang_block() to construct the
1589  * block from smaller fragments.
1590  *
1591  * A gang block consists of a gang header (zio_gbh_phys_t) and up to
1592  * three (SPA_GBH_NBLKPTRS) gang members.  The gang header is just like
1593  * an indirect block: it's an array of block pointers.  It consumes
1594  * only one sector and hence is allocatable regardless of fragmentation.
1595  * The gang header's bps point to its gang members, which hold the data.
1596  *
1597  * Gang blocks are self-checksumming, using the bp's <vdev, offset, txg>
1598  * as the verifier to ensure uniqueness of the SHA256 checksum.
1599  * Critically, the gang block bp's blk_cksum is the checksum of the data,
1600  * not the gang header.  This ensures that data block signatures (needed for
1601  * deduplication) are independent of how the block is physically stored.
1602  *
1603  * Gang blocks can be nested: a gang member may itself be a gang block.
1604  * Thus every gang block is a tree in which root and all interior nodes are
1605  * gang headers, and the leaves are normal blocks that contain user data.
1606  * The root of the gang tree is called the gang leader.
1607  *
1608  * To perform any operation (read, rewrite, free, claim) on a gang block,
1609  * zio_gang_assemble() first assembles the gang tree (minus data leaves)
1610  * in the io_gang_tree field of the original logical i/o by recursively
1611  * reading the gang leader and all gang headers below it.  This yields
1612  * an in-core tree containing the contents of every gang header and the
1613  * bps for every constituent of the gang block.
1614  *
1615  * With the gang tree now assembled, zio_gang_issue() just walks the gang tree
1616  * and invokes a callback on each bp.  To free a gang block, zio_gang_issue()
1617  * calls zio_free_gang() -- a trivial wrapper around zio_free() -- for each bp.
1618  * zio_claim_gang() provides a similarly trivial wrapper for zio_claim().
1619  * zio_read_gang() is a wrapper around zio_read() that omits reading gang
1620  * headers, since we already have those in io_gang_tree.  zio_rewrite_gang()
1621  * performs a zio_rewrite() of the data or, for gang headers, a zio_rewrite()
1622  * of the gang header plus zio_checksum_compute() of the data to update the
1623  * gang header's blk_cksum as described above.
1624  *
1625  * The two-phase assemble/issue model solves the problem of partial failure --
1626  * what if you'd freed part of a gang block but then couldn't read the
1627  * gang header for another part?  Assembling the entire gang tree first
1628  * ensures that all the necessary gang header I/O has succeeded before
1629  * starting the actual work of free, claim, or write.  Once the gang tree
1630  * is assembled, free and claim are in-memory operations that cannot fail.
1631  *
1632  * In the event that a gang write fails, zio_dva_unallocate() walks the
1633  * gang tree to immediately free (i.e. insert back into the space map)
1634  * everything we've allocated.  This ensures that we don't get ENOSPC
1635  * errors during repeated suspend/resume cycles due to a flaky device.
1636  *
1637  * Gang rewrites only happen during sync-to-convergence.  If we can't assemble
1638  * the gang tree, we won't modify the block, so we can safely defer the free
1639  * (knowing that the block is still intact).  If we *can* assemble the gang
1640  * tree, then even if some of the rewrites fail, zio_dva_unallocate() will free
1641  * each constituent bp and we can allocate a new block on the next sync pass.
1642  *
1643  * In all cases, the gang tree allows complete recovery from partial failure.
1644  * ==========================================================================
1645  */
1646 
1647 static zio_t *
1648 zio_read_gang(zio_t *pio, blkptr_t *bp, zio_gang_node_t *gn, void *data)
1649 {
1650         if (gn != NULL)
1651                 return (pio);
1652 
1653         return (zio_read(pio, pio->io_spa, bp, data, BP_GET_PSIZE(bp),
1654             NULL, NULL, pio->io_priority, ZIO_GANG_CHILD_FLAGS(pio),
1655             &pio->io_bookmark));
1656 }
1657 
1658 zio_t *
1659 zio_rewrite_gang(zio_t *pio, blkptr_t *bp, zio_gang_node_t *gn, void *data)
1660 {
1661         zio_t *zio;
1662 
1663         if (gn != NULL) {
1664                 zio = zio_rewrite(pio, pio->io_spa, pio->io_txg, bp,
1665                     gn->gn_gbh, SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE, NULL, NULL, pio->io_priority,
1666                     ZIO_GANG_CHILD_FLAGS(pio), &pio->io_bookmark);
1667                 /*
1668                  * As we rewrite each gang header, the pipeline will compute
1669                  * a new gang block header checksum for it; but no one will
1670                  * compute a new data checksum, so we do that here.  The one
1671                  * exception is the gang leader: the pipeline already computed
1672                  * its data checksum because that stage precedes gang assembly.
1673                  * (Presently, nothing actually uses interior data checksums;
1674                  * this is just good hygiene.)
1675                  */
1676                 if (gn != pio->io_gang_leader->io_gang_tree) {
1677                         zio_checksum_compute(zio, BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp),
1678                             data, BP_GET_PSIZE(bp));
1679                 }
1680                 /*
1681                  * If we are here to damage data for testing purposes,
1682                  * leave the GBH alone so that we can detect the damage.
1683                  */
1684                 if (pio->io_gang_leader->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_INDUCE_DAMAGE)
1685                         zio->io_pipeline &= ~ZIO_VDEV_IO_STAGES;
1686         } else {
1687                 zio = zio_rewrite(pio, pio->io_spa, pio->io_txg, bp,
1688                     data, BP_GET_PSIZE(bp), NULL, NULL, pio->io_priority,
1689                     ZIO_GANG_CHILD_FLAGS(pio), &pio->io_bookmark);
1690         }
1691 
1692         return (zio);
1693 }
1694 
1695 /* ARGSUSED */
1696 zio_t *
1697 zio_free_gang(zio_t *pio, blkptr_t *bp, zio_gang_node_t *gn, void *data)
1698 {
1699         return (zio_free_sync(pio, pio->io_spa, pio->io_txg, bp,
1700             ZIO_GANG_CHILD_FLAGS(pio)));
1701 }
1702 
1703 /* ARGSUSED */
1704 zio_t *
1705 zio_claim_gang(zio_t *pio, blkptr_t *bp, zio_gang_node_t *gn, void *data)
1706 {
1707         return (zio_claim(pio, pio->io_spa, pio->io_txg, bp,
1708             NULL, NULL, ZIO_GANG_CHILD_FLAGS(pio)));
1709 }
1710 
1711 static zio_gang_issue_func_t *zio_gang_issue_func[ZIO_TYPES] = {
1712         NULL,
1713         zio_read_gang,
1714         zio_rewrite_gang,
1715         zio_free_gang,
1716         zio_claim_gang,
1717         NULL
1718 };
1719 
1720 static void zio_gang_tree_assemble_done(zio_t *zio);
1721 
1722 static zio_gang_node_t *
1723 zio_gang_node_alloc(zio_gang_node_t **gnpp)
1724 {
1725         zio_gang_node_t *gn;
1726 
1727         ASSERT(*gnpp == NULL);
1728 
1729         gn = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (*gn), KM_SLEEP);
1730         gn->gn_gbh = zio_buf_alloc(SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE);
1731         *gnpp = gn;
1732 
1733         return (gn);
1734 }
1735 
1736 static void
1737 zio_gang_node_free(zio_gang_node_t **gnpp)
1738 {
1739         zio_gang_node_t *gn = *gnpp;
1740 
1741         for (int g = 0; g < SPA_GBH_NBLKPTRS; g++)
1742                 ASSERT(gn->gn_child[g] == NULL);
1743 
1744         zio_buf_free(gn->gn_gbh, SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE);
1745         kmem_free(gn, sizeof (*gn));
1746         *gnpp = NULL;
1747 }
1748 
1749 static void
1750 zio_gang_tree_free(zio_gang_node_t **gnpp)
1751 {
1752         zio_gang_node_t *gn = *gnpp;
1753 
1754         if (gn == NULL)
1755                 return;
1756 
1757         for (int g = 0; g < SPA_GBH_NBLKPTRS; g++)
1758                 zio_gang_tree_free(&gn->gn_child[g]);
1759 
1760         zio_gang_node_free(gnpp);
1761 }
1762 
1763 static void
1764 zio_gang_tree_assemble(zio_t *gio, blkptr_t *bp, zio_gang_node_t **gnpp)
1765 {
1766         zio_gang_node_t *gn = zio_gang_node_alloc(gnpp);
1767 
1768         ASSERT(gio->io_gang_leader == gio);
1769         ASSERT(BP_IS_GANG(bp));
1770 
1771         zio_nowait(zio_read(gio, gio->io_spa, bp, gn->gn_gbh,
1772             SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE, zio_gang_tree_assemble_done, gn,
1773             gio->io_priority, ZIO_GANG_CHILD_FLAGS(gio), &gio->io_bookmark));
1774 }
1775 
1776 static void
1777 zio_gang_tree_assemble_done(zio_t *zio)
1778 {
1779         zio_t *gio = zio->io_gang_leader;
1780         zio_gang_node_t *gn = zio->io_private;
1781         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
1782 
1783         ASSERT(gio == zio_unique_parent(zio));
1784         ASSERT(zio->io_child_count == 0);
1785 
1786         if (zio->io_error)
1787                 return;
1788 
1789         if (BP_SHOULD_BYTESWAP(bp))
1790                 byteswap_uint64_array(zio->io_data, zio->io_size);
1791 
1792         ASSERT(zio->io_data == gn->gn_gbh);
1793         ASSERT(zio->io_size == SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE);
1794         ASSERT(gn->gn_gbh->zg_tail.zec_magic == ZEC_MAGIC);
1795 
1796         for (int g = 0; g < SPA_GBH_NBLKPTRS; g++) {
1797                 blkptr_t *gbp = &gn->gn_gbh->zg_blkptr[g];
1798                 if (!BP_IS_GANG(gbp))
1799                         continue;
1800                 zio_gang_tree_assemble(gio, gbp, &gn->gn_child[g]);
1801         }
1802 }
1803 
1804 static void
1805 zio_gang_tree_issue(zio_t *pio, zio_gang_node_t *gn, blkptr_t *bp, void *data)
1806 {
1807         zio_t *gio = pio->io_gang_leader;
1808         zio_t *zio;
1809 
1810         ASSERT(BP_IS_GANG(bp) == !!gn);
1811         ASSERT(BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp) == BP_GET_CHECKSUM(gio->io_bp));
1812         ASSERT(BP_GET_LSIZE(bp) == BP_GET_PSIZE(bp) || gn == gio->io_gang_tree);
1813 
1814         /*
1815          * If you're a gang header, your data is in gn->gn_gbh.
1816          * If you're a gang member, your data is in 'data' and gn == NULL.
1817          */
1818         zio = zio_gang_issue_func[gio->io_type](pio, bp, gn, data);
1819 
1820         if (gn != NULL) {
1821                 ASSERT(gn->gn_gbh->zg_tail.zec_magic == ZEC_MAGIC);
1822 
1823                 for (int g = 0; g < SPA_GBH_NBLKPTRS; g++) {
1824                         blkptr_t *gbp = &gn->gn_gbh->zg_blkptr[g];
1825                         if (BP_IS_HOLE(gbp))
1826                                 continue;
1827                         zio_gang_tree_issue(zio, gn->gn_child[g], gbp, data);
1828                         data = (char *)data + BP_GET_PSIZE(gbp);
1829                 }
1830         }
1831 
1832         if (gn == gio->io_gang_tree)
1833                 ASSERT3P((char *)gio->io_data + gio->io_size, ==, data);
1834 
1835         if (zio != pio)
1836                 zio_nowait(zio);
1837 }
1838 
1839 static int
1840 zio_gang_assemble(zio_t *zio)
1841 {
1842         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
1843 
1844         ASSERT(BP_IS_GANG(bp) && zio->io_gang_leader == NULL);
1845         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type > ZIO_CHILD_GANG);
1846 
1847         zio->io_gang_leader = zio;
1848 
1849         zio_gang_tree_assemble(zio, bp, &zio->io_gang_tree);
1850 
1851         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1852 }
1853 
1854 static int
1855 zio_gang_issue(zio_t *zio)
1856 {
1857         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
1858 
1859         if (zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_GANG, ZIO_WAIT_DONE))
1860                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
1861 
1862         ASSERT(BP_IS_GANG(bp) && zio->io_gang_leader == zio);
1863         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type > ZIO_CHILD_GANG);
1864 
1865         if (zio->io_child_error[ZIO_CHILD_GANG] == 0)
1866                 zio_gang_tree_issue(zio, zio->io_gang_tree, bp, zio->io_data);
1867         else
1868                 zio_gang_tree_free(&zio->io_gang_tree);
1869 
1870         zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
1871 
1872         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1873 }
1874 
1875 static void
1876 zio_write_gang_member_ready(zio_t *zio)
1877 {
1878         zio_t *pio = zio_unique_parent(zio);
1879         zio_t *gio = zio->io_gang_leader;
1880         dva_t *cdva = zio->io_bp->blk_dva;
1881         dva_t *pdva = pio->io_bp->blk_dva;
1882         uint64_t asize;
1883 
1884         if (BP_IS_HOLE(zio->io_bp))
1885                 return;
1886 
1887         ASSERT(BP_IS_HOLE(&zio->io_bp_orig));
1888 
1889         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_GANG);
1890         ASSERT3U(zio->io_prop.zp_copies, ==, gio->io_prop.zp_copies);
1891         ASSERT3U(zio->io_prop.zp_copies, <=, BP_GET_NDVAS(zio->io_bp));
1892         ASSERT3U(pio->io_prop.zp_copies, <=, BP_GET_NDVAS(pio->io_bp));
1893         ASSERT3U(BP_GET_NDVAS(zio->io_bp), <=, BP_GET_NDVAS(pio->io_bp));
1894 
1895         mutex_enter(&pio->io_lock);
1896         for (int d = 0; d < BP_GET_NDVAS(zio->io_bp); d++) {
1897                 ASSERT(DVA_GET_GANG(&pdva[d]));
1898                 asize = DVA_GET_ASIZE(&pdva[d]);
1899                 asize += DVA_GET_ASIZE(&cdva[d]);
1900                 DVA_SET_ASIZE(&pdva[d], asize);
1901         }
1902         mutex_exit(&pio->io_lock);
1903 }
1904 
1905 static int
1906 zio_write_gang_block(zio_t *pio)
1907 {
1908         spa_t *spa = pio->io_spa;
1909         blkptr_t *bp = pio->io_bp;
1910         zio_t *gio = pio->io_gang_leader;
1911         zio_t *zio;
1912         zio_gang_node_t *gn, **gnpp;
1913         zio_gbh_phys_t *gbh;
1914         uint64_t txg = pio->io_txg;
1915         uint64_t resid = pio->io_size;
1916         uint64_t lsize;
1917         int copies = gio->io_prop.zp_copies;
1918         int gbh_copies = MIN(copies + 1, spa_max_replication(spa));
1919         zio_prop_t zp;
1920         int error;
1921 
1922         error = metaslab_alloc(spa, spa_normal_class(spa), SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE,
1923             bp, gbh_copies, txg, pio == gio ? NULL : gio->io_bp,
1924             METASLAB_HINTBP_FAVOR | METASLAB_GANG_HEADER);
1925         if (error) {
1926                 pio->io_error = error;
1927                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1928         }
1929 
1930         if (pio == gio) {
1931                 gnpp = &gio->io_gang_tree;
1932         } else {
1933                 gnpp = pio->io_private;
1934                 ASSERT(pio->io_ready == zio_write_gang_member_ready);
1935         }
1936 
1937         gn = zio_gang_node_alloc(gnpp);
1938         gbh = gn->gn_gbh;
1939         bzero(gbh, SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE);
1940 
1941         /*
1942          * Create the gang header.
1943          */
1944         zio = zio_rewrite(pio, spa, txg, bp, gbh, SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE, NULL, NULL,
1945             pio->io_priority, ZIO_GANG_CHILD_FLAGS(pio), &pio->io_bookmark);
1946 
1947         /*
1948          * Create and nowait the gang children.
1949          */
1950         for (int g = 0; resid != 0; resid -= lsize, g++) {
1951                 lsize = P2ROUNDUP(resid / (SPA_GBH_NBLKPTRS - g),
1952                     SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE);
1953                 ASSERT(lsize >= SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE && lsize <= resid);
1954 
1955                 zp.zp_checksum = gio->io_prop.zp_checksum;
1956                 zp.zp_compress = ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF;
1957                 zp.zp_type = DMU_OT_NONE;
1958                 zp.zp_level = 0;
1959                 zp.zp_copies = gio->io_prop.zp_copies;
1960                 zp.zp_dedup = B_FALSE;
1961                 zp.zp_dedup_verify = B_FALSE;
1962                 zp.zp_nopwrite = B_FALSE;
1963 
1964                 zio_nowait(zio_write(zio, spa, txg, &gbh->zg_blkptr[g],
1965                     (char *)pio->io_data + (pio->io_size - resid), lsize, &zp,
1966                     zio_write_gang_member_ready, NULL, NULL, &gn->gn_child[g],
1967                     pio->io_priority, ZIO_GANG_CHILD_FLAGS(pio),
1968                     &pio->io_bookmark));
1969         }
1970 
1971         /*
1972          * Set pio's pipeline to just wait for zio to finish.
1973          */
1974         pio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
1975 
1976         zio_nowait(zio);
1977 
1978         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1979 }
1980 
1981 /*
1982  * The zio_nop_write stage in the pipeline determines if allocating
1983  * a new bp is necessary.  By leveraging a cryptographically secure checksum,
1984  * such as SHA256, we can compare the checksums of the new data and the old
1985  * to determine if allocating a new block is required.  The nopwrite
1986  * feature can handle writes in either syncing or open context (i.e. zil
1987  * writes) and as a result is mutually exclusive with dedup.
1988  */
1989 static int
1990 zio_nop_write(zio_t *zio)
1991 {
1992         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
1993         blkptr_t *bp_orig = &zio->io_bp_orig;
1994         zio_prop_t *zp = &zio->io_prop;
1995 
1996         ASSERT(BP_GET_LEVEL(bp) == 0);
1997         ASSERT(!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_IO_REWRITE));
1998         ASSERT(zp->zp_nopwrite);
1999         ASSERT(!zp->zp_dedup);
2000         ASSERT(zio->io_bp_override == NULL);
2001         ASSERT(IO_IS_ALLOCATING(zio));
2002 
2003         /*
2004          * Check to see if the original bp and the new bp have matching
2005          * characteristics (i.e. same checksum, compression algorithms, etc).
2006          * If they don't then just continue with the pipeline which will
2007          * allocate a new bp.
2008          */
2009         if (BP_IS_HOLE(bp_orig) ||
2010             !zio_checksum_table[BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp)].ci_dedup ||
2011             BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp) != BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp_orig) ||
2012             BP_GET_COMPRESS(bp) != BP_GET_COMPRESS(bp_orig) ||
2013             BP_GET_DEDUP(bp) != BP_GET_DEDUP(bp_orig) ||
2014             zp->zp_copies != BP_GET_NDVAS(bp_orig))
2015                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2016 
2017         /*
2018          * If the checksums match then reset the pipeline so that we
2019          * avoid allocating a new bp and issuing any I/O.
2020          */
2021         if (ZIO_CHECKSUM_EQUAL(bp->blk_cksum, bp_orig->blk_cksum)) {
2022                 ASSERT(zio_checksum_table[zp->zp_checksum].ci_dedup);
2023                 ASSERT3U(BP_GET_PSIZE(bp), ==, BP_GET_PSIZE(bp_orig));
2024                 ASSERT3U(BP_GET_LSIZE(bp), ==, BP_GET_LSIZE(bp_orig));
2025                 ASSERT(zp->zp_compress != ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF);
2026                 ASSERT(bcmp(&bp->blk_prop, &bp_orig->blk_prop,
2027                     sizeof (uint64_t)) == 0);
2028 
2029                 *bp = *bp_orig;
2030                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
2031                 zio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_NOPWRITE;
2032         }
2033 
2034         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2035 }
2036 
2037 /*
2038  * ==========================================================================
2039  * Dedup
2040  * ==========================================================================
2041  */
2042 static void
2043 zio_ddt_child_read_done(zio_t *zio)
2044 {
2045         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2046         ddt_entry_t *dde = zio->io_private;
2047         ddt_phys_t *ddp;
2048         zio_t *pio = zio_unique_parent(zio);
2049 
2050         mutex_enter(&pio->io_lock);
2051         ddp = ddt_phys_select(dde, bp);
2052         if (zio->io_error == 0)
2053                 ddt_phys_clear(ddp);    /* this ddp doesn't need repair */
2054         if (zio->io_error == 0 && dde->dde_repair_data == NULL)
2055                 dde->dde_repair_data = zio->io_data;
2056         else
2057                 zio_buf_free(zio->io_data, zio->io_size);
2058         mutex_exit(&pio->io_lock);
2059 }
2060 
2061 static int
2062 zio_ddt_read_start(zio_t *zio)
2063 {
2064         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2065 
2066         ASSERT(BP_GET_DEDUP(bp));
2067         ASSERT(BP_GET_PSIZE(bp) == zio->io_size);
2068         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
2069 
2070         if (zio->io_child_error[ZIO_CHILD_DDT]) {
2071                 ddt_t *ddt = ddt_select(zio->io_spa, bp);
2072                 ddt_entry_t *dde = ddt_repair_start(ddt, bp);
2073                 ddt_phys_t *ddp = dde->dde_phys;
2074                 ddt_phys_t *ddp_self = ddt_phys_select(dde, bp);
2075                 blkptr_t blk;
2076 
2077                 ASSERT(zio->io_vsd == NULL);
2078                 zio->io_vsd = dde;
2079 
2080                 if (ddp_self == NULL)
2081                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2082 
2083                 for (int p = 0; p < DDT_PHYS_TYPES; p++, ddp++) {
2084                         if (ddp->ddp_phys_birth == 0 || ddp == ddp_self)
2085                                 continue;
2086                         ddt_bp_create(ddt->ddt_checksum, &dde->dde_key, ddp,
2087                             &blk);
2088                         zio_nowait(zio_read(zio, zio->io_spa, &blk,
2089                             zio_buf_alloc(zio->io_size), zio->io_size,
2090                             zio_ddt_child_read_done, dde, zio->io_priority,
2091                             ZIO_DDT_CHILD_FLAGS(zio) | ZIO_FLAG_DONT_PROPAGATE,
2092                             &zio->io_bookmark));
2093                 }
2094                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2095         }
2096 
2097         zio_nowait(zio_read(zio, zio->io_spa, bp,
2098             zio->io_data, zio->io_size, NULL, NULL, zio->io_priority,
2099             ZIO_DDT_CHILD_FLAGS(zio), &zio->io_bookmark));
2100 
2101         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2102 }
2103 
2104 static int
2105 zio_ddt_read_done(zio_t *zio)
2106 {
2107         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2108 
2109         if (zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_DDT, ZIO_WAIT_DONE))
2110                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2111 
2112         ASSERT(BP_GET_DEDUP(bp));
2113         ASSERT(BP_GET_PSIZE(bp) == zio->io_size);
2114         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
2115 
2116         if (zio->io_child_error[ZIO_CHILD_DDT]) {
2117                 ddt_t *ddt = ddt_select(zio->io_spa, bp);
2118                 ddt_entry_t *dde = zio->io_vsd;
2119                 if (ddt == NULL) {
2120                         ASSERT(spa_load_state(zio->io_spa) != SPA_LOAD_NONE);
2121                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2122                 }
2123                 if (dde == NULL) {
2124                         zio->io_stage = ZIO_STAGE_DDT_READ_START >> 1;
2125                         zio_taskq_dispatch(zio, ZIO_TASKQ_ISSUE, B_FALSE);
2126                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2127                 }
2128                 if (dde->dde_repair_data != NULL) {
2129                         bcopy(dde->dde_repair_data, zio->io_data, zio->io_size);
2130                         zio->io_child_error[ZIO_CHILD_DDT] = 0;
2131                 }
2132                 ddt_repair_done(ddt, dde);
2133                 zio->io_vsd = NULL;
2134         }
2135 
2136         ASSERT(zio->io_vsd == NULL);
2137 
2138         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2139 }
2140 
2141 static boolean_t
2142 zio_ddt_collision(zio_t *zio, ddt_t *ddt, ddt_entry_t *dde)
2143 {
2144         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
2145 
2146         /*
2147          * Note: we compare the original data, not the transformed data,
2148          * because when zio->io_bp is an override bp, we will not have
2149          * pushed the I/O transforms.  That's an important optimization
2150          * because otherwise we'd compress/encrypt all dmu_sync() data twice.
2151          */
2152         for (int p = DDT_PHYS_SINGLE; p <= DDT_PHYS_TRIPLE; p++) {
2153                 zio_t *lio = dde->dde_lead_zio[p];
2154 
2155                 if (lio != NULL) {
2156                         return (lio->io_orig_size != zio->io_orig_size ||
2157                             bcmp(zio->io_orig_data, lio->io_orig_data,
2158                             zio->io_orig_size) != 0);
2159                 }
2160         }
2161 
2162         for (int p = DDT_PHYS_SINGLE; p <= DDT_PHYS_TRIPLE; p++) {
2163                 ddt_phys_t *ddp = &dde->dde_phys[p];
2164 
2165                 if (ddp->ddp_phys_birth != 0) {
2166                         arc_buf_t *abuf = NULL;
2167                         arc_flags_t aflags = ARC_FLAG_WAIT;
2168                         blkptr_t blk = *zio->io_bp;
2169                         int error;
2170 
2171                         ddt_bp_fill(ddp, &blk, ddp->ddp_phys_birth);
2172 
2173                         ddt_exit(ddt);
2174 
2175                         error = arc_read(NULL, spa, &blk,
2176                             arc_getbuf_func, &abuf, ZIO_PRIORITY_SYNC_READ,
2177                             ZIO_FLAG_CANFAIL | ZIO_FLAG_SPECULATIVE,
2178                             &aflags, &zio->io_bookmark);
2179 
2180                         if (error == 0) {
2181                                 if (arc_buf_size(abuf) != zio->io_orig_size ||
2182                                     bcmp(abuf->b_data, zio->io_orig_data,
2183                                     zio->io_orig_size) != 0)
2184                                         error = SET_ERROR(EEXIST);
2185                                 VERIFY(arc_buf_remove_ref(abuf, &abuf));
2186                         }
2187 
2188                         ddt_enter(ddt);
2189                         return (error != 0);
2190                 }
2191         }
2192 
2193         return (B_FALSE);
2194 }
2195 
2196 static void
2197 zio_ddt_child_write_ready(zio_t *zio)
2198 {
2199         int p = zio->io_prop.zp_copies;
2200         ddt_t *ddt = ddt_select(zio->io_spa, zio->io_bp);
2201         ddt_entry_t *dde = zio->io_private;
2202         ddt_phys_t *ddp = &dde->dde_phys[p];
2203         zio_t *pio;
2204 
2205         if (zio->io_error)
2206                 return;
2207 
2208         ddt_enter(ddt);
2209 
2210         ASSERT(dde->dde_lead_zio[p] == zio);
2211 
2212         ddt_phys_fill(ddp, zio->io_bp);
2213 
2214         while ((pio = zio_walk_parents(zio)) != NULL)
2215                 ddt_bp_fill(ddp, pio->io_bp, zio->io_txg);
2216 
2217         ddt_exit(ddt);
2218 }
2219 
2220 static void
2221 zio_ddt_child_write_done(zio_t *zio)
2222 {
2223         int p = zio->io_prop.zp_copies;
2224         ddt_t *ddt = ddt_select(zio->io_spa, zio->io_bp);
2225         ddt_entry_t *dde = zio->io_private;
2226         ddt_phys_t *ddp = &dde->dde_phys[p];
2227 
2228         ddt_enter(ddt);
2229 
2230         ASSERT(ddp->ddp_refcnt == 0);
2231         ASSERT(dde->dde_lead_zio[p] == zio);
2232         dde->dde_lead_zio[p] = NULL;
2233 
2234         if (zio->io_error == 0) {
2235                 while (zio_walk_parents(zio) != NULL)
2236                         ddt_phys_addref(ddp);
2237         } else {
2238                 ddt_phys_clear(ddp);
2239         }
2240 
2241         ddt_exit(ddt);
2242 }
2243 
2244 static void
2245 zio_ddt_ditto_write_done(zio_t *zio)
2246 {
2247         int p = DDT_PHYS_DITTO;
2248         zio_prop_t *zp = &zio->io_prop;
2249         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2250         ddt_t *ddt = ddt_select(zio->io_spa, bp);
2251         ddt_entry_t *dde = zio->io_private;
2252         ddt_phys_t *ddp = &dde->dde_phys[p];
2253         ddt_key_t *ddk = &dde->dde_key;
2254 
2255         ddt_enter(ddt);
2256 
2257         ASSERT(ddp->ddp_refcnt == 0);
2258         ASSERT(dde->dde_lead_zio[p] == zio);
2259         dde->dde_lead_zio[p] = NULL;
2260 
2261         if (zio->io_error == 0) {
2262                 ASSERT(ZIO_CHECKSUM_EQUAL(bp->blk_cksum, ddk->ddk_cksum));
2263                 ASSERT(zp->zp_copies < SPA_DVAS_PER_BP);
2264                 ASSERT(zp->zp_copies == BP_GET_NDVAS(bp) - BP_IS_GANG(bp));
2265                 if (ddp->ddp_phys_birth != 0)
2266                         ddt_phys_free(ddt, ddk, ddp, zio->io_txg);
2267                 ddt_phys_fill(ddp, bp);
2268         }
2269 
2270         ddt_exit(ddt);
2271 }
2272 
2273 static int
2274 zio_ddt_write(zio_t *zio)
2275 {
2276         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
2277         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2278         uint64_t txg = zio->io_txg;
2279         zio_prop_t *zp = &zio->io_prop;
2280         int p = zp->zp_copies;
2281         int ditto_copies;
2282         zio_t *cio = NULL;
2283         zio_t *dio = NULL;
2284         ddt_t *ddt = ddt_select(spa, bp);
2285         ddt_entry_t *dde;
2286         ddt_phys_t *ddp;
2287 
2288         ASSERT(BP_GET_DEDUP(bp));
2289         ASSERT(BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp) == zp->zp_checksum);
2290         ASSERT(BP_IS_HOLE(bp) || zio->io_bp_override);
2291 
2292         ddt_enter(ddt);
2293         dde = ddt_lookup(ddt, bp, B_TRUE);
2294         ddp = &dde->dde_phys[p];
2295 
2296         if (zp->zp_dedup_verify && zio_ddt_collision(zio, ddt, dde)) {
2297                 /*
2298                  * If we're using a weak checksum, upgrade to a strong checksum
2299                  * and try again.  If we're already using a strong checksum,
2300                  * we can't resolve it, so just convert to an ordinary write.
2301                  * (And automatically e-mail a paper to Nature?)
2302                  */
2303                 if (!zio_checksum_table[zp->zp_checksum].ci_dedup) {
2304                         zp->zp_checksum = spa_dedup_checksum(spa);
2305                         zio_pop_transforms(zio);
2306                         zio->io_stage = ZIO_STAGE_OPEN;
2307                         BP_ZERO(bp);
2308                 } else {
2309                         zp->zp_dedup = B_FALSE;
2310                 }
2311                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_WRITE_PIPELINE;
2312                 ddt_exit(ddt);
2313                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2314         }
2315 
2316         ditto_copies = ddt_ditto_copies_needed(ddt, dde, ddp);
2317         ASSERT(ditto_copies < SPA_DVAS_PER_BP);
2318 
2319         if (ditto_copies > ddt_ditto_copies_present(dde) &&
2320             dde->dde_lead_zio[DDT_PHYS_DITTO] == NULL) {
2321                 zio_prop_t czp = *zp;
2322 
2323                 czp.zp_copies = ditto_copies;
2324 
2325                 /*
2326                  * If we arrived here with an override bp, we won't have run
2327                  * the transform stack, so we won't have the data we need to
2328                  * generate a child i/o.  So, toss the override bp and restart.
2329                  * This is safe, because using the override bp is just an
2330                  * optimization; and it's rare, so the cost doesn't matter.
2331                  */
2332                 if (zio->io_bp_override) {
2333                         zio_pop_transforms(zio);
2334                         zio->io_stage = ZIO_STAGE_OPEN;
2335                         zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_WRITE_PIPELINE;
2336                         zio->io_bp_override = NULL;
2337                         BP_ZERO(bp);
2338                         ddt_exit(ddt);
2339                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2340                 }
2341 
2342                 dio = zio_write(zio, spa, txg, bp, zio->io_orig_data,
2343                     zio->io_orig_size, &czp, NULL, NULL,
2344                     zio_ddt_ditto_write_done, dde, zio->io_priority,
2345                     ZIO_DDT_CHILD_FLAGS(zio), &zio->io_bookmark);
2346 
2347                 zio_push_transform(dio, zio->io_data, zio->io_size, 0, NULL);
2348                 dde->dde_lead_zio[DDT_PHYS_DITTO] = dio;
2349         }
2350 
2351         if (ddp->ddp_phys_birth != 0 || dde->dde_lead_zio[p] != NULL) {
2352                 if (ddp->ddp_phys_birth != 0)
2353                         ddt_bp_fill(ddp, bp, txg);
2354                 if (dde->dde_lead_zio[p] != NULL)
2355                         zio_add_child(zio, dde->dde_lead_zio[p]);
2356                 else
2357                         ddt_phys_addref(ddp);
2358         } else if (zio->io_bp_override) {
2359                 ASSERT(bp->blk_birth == txg);
2360                 ASSERT(BP_EQUAL(bp, zio->io_bp_override));
2361                 ddt_phys_fill(ddp, bp);
2362                 ddt_phys_addref(ddp);
2363         } else {
2364                 cio = zio_write(zio, spa, txg, bp, zio->io_orig_data,
2365                     zio->io_orig_size, zp, zio_ddt_child_write_ready, NULL,
2366                     zio_ddt_child_write_done, dde, zio->io_priority,
2367                     ZIO_DDT_CHILD_FLAGS(zio), &zio->io_bookmark);
2368 
2369                 zio_push_transform(cio, zio->io_data, zio->io_size, 0, NULL);
2370                 dde->dde_lead_zio[p] = cio;
2371         }
2372 
2373         ddt_exit(ddt);
2374 
2375         if (cio)
2376                 zio_nowait(cio);
2377         if (dio)
2378                 zio_nowait(dio);
2379 
2380         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2381 }
2382 
2383 ddt_entry_t *freedde; /* for debugging */
2384 
2385 static int
2386 zio_ddt_free(zio_t *zio)
2387 {
2388         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
2389         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2390         ddt_t *ddt = ddt_select(spa, bp);
2391         ddt_entry_t *dde;
2392         ddt_phys_t *ddp;
2393 
2394         ASSERT(BP_GET_DEDUP(bp));
2395         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
2396 
2397         ddt_enter(ddt);
2398         freedde = dde = ddt_lookup(ddt, bp, B_TRUE);
2399         ddp = ddt_phys_select(dde, bp);
2400         ddt_phys_decref(ddp);
2401         ddt_exit(ddt);
2402 
2403         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2404 }
2405 
2406 /*
2407  * ==========================================================================
2408  * Allocate and free blocks
2409  * ==========================================================================
2410  */
2411 static int
2412 zio_dva_allocate(zio_t *zio)
2413 {
2414         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
2415         metaslab_class_t *mc = spa_normal_class(spa);
2416         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2417         int error;
2418         int flags = 0;
2419 
2420         if (zio->io_gang_leader == NULL) {
2421                 ASSERT(zio->io_child_type > ZIO_CHILD_GANG);
2422                 zio->io_gang_leader = zio;
2423         }
2424 
2425         ASSERT(BP_IS_HOLE(bp));
2426         ASSERT0(BP_GET_NDVAS(bp));
2427         ASSERT3U(zio->io_prop.zp_copies, >, 0);
2428         ASSERT3U(zio->io_prop.zp_copies, <=, spa_max_replication(spa));
2429         ASSERT3U(zio->io_size, ==, BP_GET_PSIZE(bp));
2430 
2431         /*
2432          * The dump device does not support gang blocks so allocation on
2433          * behalf of the dump device (i.e. ZIO_FLAG_NODATA) must avoid
2434          * the "fast" gang feature.
2435          */
2436         flags |= (zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_NODATA) ? METASLAB_GANG_AVOID : 0;
2437         flags |= (zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_GANG_CHILD) ?
2438             METASLAB_GANG_CHILD : 0;
2439         error = metaslab_alloc(spa, mc, zio->io_size, bp,
2440             zio->io_prop.zp_copies, zio->io_txg, NULL, flags);
2441 
2442         if (error) {
2443                 spa_dbgmsg(spa, "%s: metaslab allocation failure: zio %p, "
2444                     "size %llu, error %d", spa_name(spa), zio, zio->io_size,
2445                     error);
2446                 if (error == ENOSPC && zio->io_size > SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE)
2447                         return (zio_write_gang_block(zio));
2448                 zio->io_error = error;
2449         }
2450 
2451         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2452 }
2453 
2454 static int
2455 zio_dva_free(zio_t *zio)
2456 {
2457         metaslab_free(zio->io_spa, zio->io_bp, zio->io_txg, B_FALSE);
2458 
2459         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2460 }
2461 
2462 static int
2463 zio_dva_claim(zio_t *zio)
2464 {
2465         int error;
2466 
2467         error = metaslab_claim(zio->io_spa, zio->io_bp, zio->io_txg);
2468         if (error)
2469                 zio->io_error = error;
2470 
2471         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2472 }
2473 
2474 /*
2475  * Undo an allocation.  This is used by zio_done() when an I/O fails
2476  * and we want to give back the block we just allocated.
2477  * This handles both normal blocks and gang blocks.
2478  */
2479 static void
2480 zio_dva_unallocate(zio_t *zio, zio_gang_node_t *gn, blkptr_t *bp)
2481 {
2482         ASSERT(bp->blk_birth == zio->io_txg || BP_IS_HOLE(bp));
2483         ASSERT(zio->io_bp_override == NULL);
2484 
2485         if (!BP_IS_HOLE(bp))
2486                 metaslab_free(zio->io_spa, bp, bp->blk_birth, B_TRUE);
2487 
2488         if (gn != NULL) {
2489                 for (int g = 0; g < SPA_GBH_NBLKPTRS; g++) {
2490                         zio_dva_unallocate(zio, gn->gn_child[g],
2491                             &gn->gn_gbh->zg_blkptr[g]);
2492                 }
2493         }
2494 }
2495 
2496 /*
2497  * Try to allocate an intent log block.  Return 0 on success, errno on failure.
2498  */
2499 int
2500 zio_alloc_zil(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg, blkptr_t *new_bp, blkptr_t *old_bp,
2501     uint64_t size, boolean_t use_slog)
2502 {
2503         int error = 1;
2504 
2505         ASSERT(txg > spa_syncing_txg(spa));
2506 
2507         /*
2508          * ZIL blocks are always contiguous (i.e. not gang blocks) so we
2509          * set the METASLAB_GANG_AVOID flag so that they don't "fast gang"
2510          * when allocating them.
2511          */
2512         if (use_slog) {
2513                 error = metaslab_alloc(spa, spa_log_class(spa), size,
2514                     new_bp, 1, txg, old_bp,
2515                     METASLAB_HINTBP_AVOID | METASLAB_GANG_AVOID);
2516         }
2517 
2518         if (error) {
2519                 error = metaslab_alloc(spa, spa_normal_class(spa), size,
2520                     new_bp, 1, txg, old_bp,
2521                     METASLAB_HINTBP_AVOID);
2522         }
2523 
2524         if (error == 0) {
2525                 BP_SET_LSIZE(new_bp, size);
2526                 BP_SET_PSIZE(new_bp, size);
2527                 BP_SET_COMPRESS(new_bp, ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF);
2528                 BP_SET_CHECKSUM(new_bp,
2529                     spa_version(spa) >= SPA_VERSION_SLIM_ZIL
2530                     ? ZIO_CHECKSUM_ZILOG2 : ZIO_CHECKSUM_ZILOG);
2531                 BP_SET_TYPE(new_bp, DMU_OT_INTENT_LOG);
2532                 BP_SET_LEVEL(new_bp, 0);
2533                 BP_SET_DEDUP(new_bp, 0);
2534                 BP_SET_BYTEORDER(new_bp, ZFS_HOST_BYTEORDER);
2535         }
2536 
2537         return (error);
2538 }
2539 
2540 /*
2541  * Free an intent log block.
2542  */
2543 void
2544 zio_free_zil(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg, blkptr_t *bp)
2545 {
2546         ASSERT(BP_GET_TYPE(bp) == DMU_OT_INTENT_LOG);
2547         ASSERT(!BP_IS_GANG(bp));
2548 
2549         zio_free(spa, txg, bp);
2550 }
2551 
2552 /*
2553  * ==========================================================================
2554  * Read and write to physical devices
2555  * ==========================================================================
2556  */
2557 
2558 
2559 /*
2560  * Issue an I/O to the underlying vdev. Typically the issue pipeline
2561  * stops after this stage and will resume upon I/O completion.
2562  * However, there are instances where the vdev layer may need to
2563  * continue the pipeline when an I/O was not issued. Since the I/O
2564  * that was sent to the vdev layer might be different than the one
2565  * currently active in the pipeline (see vdev_queue_io()), we explicitly
2566  * force the underlying vdev layers to call either zio_execute() or
2567  * zio_interrupt() to ensure that the pipeline continues with the correct I/O.
2568  */
2569 static int
2570 zio_vdev_io_start(zio_t *zio)
2571 {
2572         vdev_t *vd = zio->io_vd;
2573         uint64_t align;
2574         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
2575 
2576         ASSERT(zio->io_error == 0);
2577         ASSERT(zio->io_child_error[ZIO_CHILD_VDEV] == 0);
2578 
2579         if (vd == NULL) {
2580                 if (!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_CONFIG_WRITER))
2581                         spa_config_enter(spa, SCL_ZIO, zio, RW_READER);
2582 
2583                 /*
2584                  * The mirror_ops handle multiple DVAs in a single BP.
2585                  */
2586                 vdev_mirror_ops.vdev_op_io_start(zio);
2587                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2588         }
2589 
2590         /*
2591          * We keep track of time-sensitive I/Os so that the scan thread
2592          * can quickly react to certain workloads.  In particular, we care
2593          * about non-scrubbing, top-level reads and writes with the following
2594          * characteristics:
2595          *      - synchronous writes of user data to non-slog devices
2596          *      - any reads of user data
2597          * When these conditions are met, adjust the timestamp of spa_last_io
2598          * which allows the scan thread to adjust its workload accordingly.
2599          */
2600         if (!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_SCAN_THREAD) && zio->io_bp != NULL &&
2601             vd == vd->vdev_top && !vd->vdev_islog &&
2602             zio->io_bookmark.zb_objset != DMU_META_OBJSET &&
2603             zio->io_txg != spa_syncing_txg(spa)) {
2604                 uint64_t old = spa->spa_last_io;
2605                 uint64_t new = ddi_get_lbolt64();
2606                 if (old != new)
2607                         (void) atomic_cas_64(&spa->spa_last_io, old, new);
2608         }
2609 
2610         align = 1ULL << vd->vdev_top->vdev_ashift;
2611 
2612         if (!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_PHYSICAL) &&
2613             P2PHASE(zio->io_size, align) != 0) {
2614                 /* Transform logical writes to be a full physical block size. */
2615                 uint64_t asize = P2ROUNDUP(zio->io_size, align);
2616                 char *abuf = zio_buf_alloc(asize);
2617                 ASSERT(vd == vd->vdev_top);
2618                 if (zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE) {
2619                         bcopy(zio->io_data, abuf, zio->io_size);
2620                         bzero(abuf + zio->io_size, asize - zio->io_size);
2621                 }
2622                 zio_push_transform(zio, abuf, asize, asize, zio_subblock);
2623         }
2624 
2625         /*
2626          * If this is not a physical io, make sure that it is properly aligned
2627          * before proceeding.
2628          */
2629         if (!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_PHYSICAL)) {
2630                 ASSERT0(P2PHASE(zio->io_offset, align));
2631                 ASSERT0(P2PHASE(zio->io_size, align));
2632         } else {
2633                 /*
2634                  * For physical writes, we allow 512b aligned writes and assume
2635                  * the device will perform a read-modify-write as necessary.
2636                  */
2637                 ASSERT0(P2PHASE(zio->io_offset, SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE));
2638                 ASSERT0(P2PHASE(zio->io_size, SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE));
2639         }
2640 
2641         VERIFY(zio->io_type != ZIO_TYPE_WRITE || spa_writeable(spa));
2642 
2643         /*
2644          * If this is a repair I/O, and there's no self-healing involved --
2645          * that is, we're just resilvering what we expect to resilver --
2646          * then don't do the I/O unless zio's txg is actually in vd's DTL.
2647          * This prevents spurious resilvering with nested replication.
2648          * For example, given a mirror of mirrors, (A+B)+(C+D), if only
2649          * A is out of date, we'll read from C+D, then use the data to
2650          * resilver A+B -- but we don't actually want to resilver B, just A.
2651          * The top-level mirror has no way to know this, so instead we just
2652          * discard unnecessary repairs as we work our way down the vdev tree.
2653          * The same logic applies to any form of nested replication:
2654          * ditto + mirror, RAID-Z + replacing, etc.  This covers them all.
2655          */
2656         if ((zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_IO_REPAIR) &&
2657             !(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_SELF_HEAL) &&
2658             zio->io_txg != 0 &&      /* not a delegated i/o */
2659             !vdev_dtl_contains(vd, DTL_PARTIAL, zio->io_txg, 1)) {
2660                 ASSERT(zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE);
2661                 zio_vdev_io_bypass(zio);
2662                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2663         }
2664 
2665         if (vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_leaf &&
2666             (zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_READ || zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE)) {
2667 
2668                 if (zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_READ && vdev_cache_read(zio))
2669                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2670 
2671                 if ((zio = vdev_queue_io(zio)) == NULL)
2672                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2673 
2674                 if (!vdev_accessible(vd, zio)) {
2675                         zio->io_error = SET_ERROR(ENXIO);
2676                         zio_interrupt(zio);
2677                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2678                 }
2679         }
2680 
2681         vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_io_start(zio);
2682         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2683 }
2684 
2685 static int
2686 zio_vdev_io_done(zio_t *zio)
2687 {
2688         vdev_t *vd = zio->io_vd;
2689         vdev_ops_t *ops = vd ? vd->vdev_ops : &vdev_mirror_ops;
2690         boolean_t unexpected_error = B_FALSE;
2691 
2692         if (zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_VDEV, ZIO_WAIT_DONE))
2693                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2694 
2695         ASSERT(zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_READ || zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE);
2696 
2697         if (vd != NULL && vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_leaf) {
2698 
2699                 vdev_queue_io_done(zio);
2700 
2701                 if (zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE)
2702                         vdev_cache_write(zio);
2703 
2704                 if (zio_injection_enabled && zio->io_error == 0)
2705                         zio->io_error = zio_handle_device_injection(vd,
2706                             zio, EIO);
2707 
2708                 if (zio_injection_enabled && zio->io_error == 0)
2709                         zio->io_error = zio_handle_label_injection(zio, EIO);
2710 
2711                 if (zio->io_error) {
2712                         if (!vdev_accessible(vd, zio)) {
2713                                 zio->io_error = SET_ERROR(ENXIO);
2714                         } else {
2715                                 unexpected_error = B_TRUE;
2716                         }
2717                 }
2718         }
2719 
2720         ops->vdev_op_io_done(zio);
2721 
2722         if (unexpected_error)
2723                 VERIFY(vdev_probe(vd, zio) == NULL);
2724 
2725         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2726 }
2727 
2728 /*
2729  * For non-raidz ZIOs, we can just copy aside the bad data read from the
2730  * disk, and use that to finish the checksum ereport later.
2731  */
2732 static void
2733 zio_vsd_default_cksum_finish(zio_cksum_report_t *zcr,
2734     const void *good_buf)
2735 {
2736         /* no processing needed */
2737         zfs_ereport_finish_checksum(zcr, good_buf, zcr->zcr_cbdata, B_FALSE);
2738 }
2739 
2740 /*ARGSUSED*/
2741 void
2742 zio_vsd_default_cksum_report(zio_t *zio, zio_cksum_report_t *zcr, void *ignored)
2743 {
2744         void *buf = zio_buf_alloc(zio->io_size);
2745 
2746         bcopy(zio->io_data, buf, zio->io_size);
2747 
2748         zcr->zcr_cbinfo = zio->io_size;
2749         zcr->zcr_cbdata = buf;
2750         zcr->zcr_finish = zio_vsd_default_cksum_finish;
2751         zcr->zcr_free = zio_buf_free;
2752 }
2753 
2754 static int
2755 zio_vdev_io_assess(zio_t *zio)
2756 {
2757         vdev_t *vd = zio->io_vd;
2758 
2759         if (zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_VDEV, ZIO_WAIT_DONE))
2760                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2761 
2762         if (vd == NULL && !(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_CONFIG_WRITER))
2763                 spa_config_exit(zio->io_spa, SCL_ZIO, zio);
2764 
2765         if (zio->io_vsd != NULL) {
2766                 zio->io_vsd_ops->vsd_free(zio);
2767                 zio->io_vsd = NULL;
2768         }
2769 
2770         if (zio_injection_enabled && zio->io_error == 0)
2771                 zio->io_error = zio_handle_fault_injection(zio, EIO);
2772 
2773         /*
2774          * If the I/O failed, determine whether we should attempt to retry it.
2775          *
2776          * On retry, we cut in line in the issue queue, since we don't want
2777          * compression/checksumming/etc. work to prevent our (cheap) IO reissue.
2778          */
2779         if (zio->io_error && vd == NULL &&
2780             !(zio->io_flags & (ZIO_FLAG_DONT_RETRY | ZIO_FLAG_IO_RETRY))) {
2781                 ASSERT(!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_DONT_QUEUE));  /* not a leaf */
2782                 ASSERT(!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_IO_BYPASS));   /* not a leaf */
2783                 zio->io_error = 0;
2784                 zio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_IO_RETRY |
2785                     ZIO_FLAG_DONT_CACHE | ZIO_FLAG_DONT_AGGREGATE;
2786                 zio->io_stage = ZIO_STAGE_VDEV_IO_START >> 1;
2787                 zio_taskq_dispatch(zio, ZIO_TASKQ_ISSUE,
2788                     zio_requeue_io_start_cut_in_line);
2789                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2790         }
2791 
2792         /*
2793          * If we got an error on a leaf device, convert it to ENXIO
2794          * if the device is not accessible at all.
2795          */
2796         if (zio->io_error && vd != NULL && vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_leaf &&
2797             !vdev_accessible(vd, zio))
2798                 zio->io_error = SET_ERROR(ENXIO);
2799 
2800         /*
2801          * If we can't write to an interior vdev (mirror or RAID-Z),
2802          * set vdev_cant_write so that we stop trying to allocate from it.
2803          */
2804         if (zio->io_error == ENXIO && zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE &&
2805             vd != NULL && !vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_leaf) {
2806                 vd->vdev_cant_write = B_TRUE;
2807         }
2808 
2809         if (zio->io_error)
2810                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
2811 
2812         if (vd != NULL && vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_leaf &&
2813             zio->io_physdone != NULL) {
2814                 ASSERT(!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_DELEGATED));
2815                 ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_VDEV);
2816                 zio->io_physdone(zio->io_logical);
2817         }
2818 
2819         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2820 }
2821 
2822 void
2823 zio_vdev_io_reissue(zio_t *zio)
2824 {
2825         ASSERT(zio->io_stage == ZIO_STAGE_VDEV_IO_START);
2826         ASSERT(zio->io_error == 0);
2827 
2828         zio->io_stage >>= 1;
2829 }
2830 
2831 void
2832 zio_vdev_io_redone(zio_t *zio)
2833 {
2834         ASSERT(zio->io_stage == ZIO_STAGE_VDEV_IO_DONE);
2835 
2836         zio->io_stage >>= 1;
2837 }
2838 
2839 void
2840 zio_vdev_io_bypass(zio_t *zio)
2841 {
2842         ASSERT(zio->io_stage == ZIO_STAGE_VDEV_IO_START);
2843         ASSERT(zio->io_error == 0);
2844 
2845         zio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_IO_BYPASS;
2846         zio->io_stage = ZIO_STAGE_VDEV_IO_ASSESS >> 1;
2847 }
2848 
2849 /*
2850  * ==========================================================================
2851  * Generate and verify checksums
2852  * ==========================================================================
2853  */
2854 static int
2855 zio_checksum_generate(zio_t *zio)
2856 {
2857         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2858         enum zio_checksum checksum;
2859 
2860         if (bp == NULL) {
2861                 /*
2862                  * This is zio_write_phys().
2863                  * We're either generating a label checksum, or none at all.
2864                  */
2865                 checksum = zio->io_prop.zp_checksum;
2866 
2867                 if (checksum == ZIO_CHECKSUM_OFF)
2868                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2869 
2870                 ASSERT(checksum == ZIO_CHECKSUM_LABEL);
2871         } else {
2872                 if (BP_IS_GANG(bp) && zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_GANG) {
2873                         ASSERT(!IO_IS_ALLOCATING(zio));
2874                         checksum = ZIO_CHECKSUM_GANG_HEADER;
2875                 } else {
2876                         checksum = BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp);
2877                 }
2878         }
2879 
2880         zio_checksum_compute(zio, checksum, zio->io_data, zio->io_size);
2881 
2882         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2883 }
2884 
2885 static int
2886 zio_checksum_verify(zio_t *zio)
2887 {
2888         zio_bad_cksum_t info;
2889         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2890         int error;
2891 
2892         ASSERT(zio->io_vd != NULL);
2893 
2894         if (bp == NULL) {
2895                 /*
2896                  * This is zio_read_phys().
2897                  * We're either verifying a label checksum, or nothing at all.
2898                  */
2899                 if (zio->io_prop.zp_checksum == ZIO_CHECKSUM_OFF)
2900                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2901 
2902                 ASSERT(zio->io_prop.zp_checksum == ZIO_CHECKSUM_LABEL);
2903         }
2904 
2905         if ((error = zio_checksum_error(zio, &info)) != 0) {
2906                 zio->io_error = error;
2907                 if (error == ECKSUM &&
2908                     !(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_SPECULATIVE)) {
2909                         zfs_ereport_start_checksum(zio->io_spa,
2910                             zio->io_vd, zio, zio->io_offset,
2911                             zio->io_size, NULL, &info);
2912                 }
2913         }
2914 
2915         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2916 }
2917 
2918 /*
2919  * Called by RAID-Z to ensure we don't compute the checksum twice.
2920  */
2921 void
2922 zio_checksum_verified(zio_t *zio)
2923 {
2924         zio->io_pipeline &= ~ZIO_STAGE_CHECKSUM_VERIFY;
2925 }
2926 
2927 /*
2928  * ==========================================================================
2929  * Error rank.  Error are ranked in the order 0, ENXIO, ECKSUM, EIO, other.
2930  * An error of 0 indicates success.  ENXIO indicates whole-device failure,
2931  * which may be transient (e.g. unplugged) or permament.  ECKSUM and EIO
2932  * indicate errors that are specific to one I/O, and most likely permanent.
2933  * Any other error is presumed to be worse because we weren't expecting it.
2934  * ==========================================================================
2935  */
2936 int
2937 zio_worst_error(int e1, int e2)
2938 {
2939         static int zio_error_rank[] = { 0, ENXIO, ECKSUM, EIO };
2940         int r1, r2;
2941 
2942         for (r1 = 0; r1 < sizeof (zio_error_rank) / sizeof (int); r1++)
2943                 if (e1 == zio_error_rank[r1])
2944                         break;
2945 
2946         for (r2 = 0; r2 < sizeof (zio_error_rank) / sizeof (int); r2++)
2947                 if (e2 == zio_error_rank[r2])
2948                         break;
2949 
2950         return (r1 > r2 ? e1 : e2);
2951 }
2952 
2953 /*
2954  * ==========================================================================
2955  * I/O completion
2956  * ==========================================================================
2957  */
2958 static int
2959 zio_ready(zio_t *zio)
2960 {
2961         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2962         zio_t *pio, *pio_next;
2963 
2964         if (zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_GANG, ZIO_WAIT_READY) ||
2965             zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_DDT, ZIO_WAIT_READY))
2966                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2967 
2968         if (zio->io_ready) {
2969                 ASSERT(IO_IS_ALLOCATING(zio));
2970                 ASSERT(bp->blk_birth == zio->io_txg || BP_IS_HOLE(bp) ||
2971                     (zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_NOPWRITE));
2972                 ASSERT(zio->io_children[ZIO_CHILD_GANG][ZIO_WAIT_READY] == 0);
2973 
2974                 zio->io_ready(zio);
2975         }
2976 
2977         if (bp != NULL && bp != &zio->io_bp_copy)
2978                 zio->io_bp_copy = *bp;
2979 
2980         if (zio->io_error)
2981                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
2982 
2983         mutex_enter(&zio->io_lock);
2984         zio->io_state[ZIO_WAIT_READY] = 1;
2985         pio = zio_walk_parents(zio);
2986         mutex_exit(&zio->io_lock);
2987 
2988         /*
2989          * As we notify zio's parents, new parents could be added.
2990          * New parents go to the head of zio's io_parent_list, however,
2991          * so we will (correctly) not notify them.  The remainder of zio's
2992          * io_parent_list, from 'pio_next' onward, cannot change because
2993          * all parents must wait for us to be done before they can be done.
2994          */
2995         for (; pio != NULL; pio = pio_next) {
2996                 pio_next = zio_walk_parents(zio);
2997                 zio_notify_parent(pio, zio, ZIO_WAIT_READY);
2998         }
2999 
3000         if (zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_NODATA) {
3001                 if (BP_IS_GANG(bp)) {
3002                         zio->io_flags &= ~ZIO_FLAG_NODATA;
3003                 } else {
3004                         ASSERT((uintptr_t)zio->io_data < SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE);
3005                         zio->io_pipeline &= ~ZIO_VDEV_IO_STAGES;
3006                 }
3007         }
3008 
3009         if (zio_injection_enabled &&
3010             zio->io_spa->spa_syncing_txg == zio->io_txg)
3011                 zio_handle_ignored_writes(zio);
3012 
3013         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
3014 }
3015 
3016 static int
3017 zio_done(zio_t *zio)
3018 {
3019         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
3020         zio_t *lio = zio->io_logical;
3021         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
3022         vdev_t *vd = zio->io_vd;
3023         uint64_t psize = zio->io_size;
3024         zio_t *pio, *pio_next;
3025 
3026         /*
3027          * If our children haven't all completed,
3028          * wait for them and then repeat this pipeline stage.
3029          */
3030         if (zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_VDEV, ZIO_WAIT_DONE) ||
3031             zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_GANG, ZIO_WAIT_DONE) ||
3032             zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_DDT, ZIO_WAIT_DONE) ||
3033             zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL, ZIO_WAIT_DONE))
3034                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
3035 
3036         for (int c = 0; c < ZIO_CHILD_TYPES; c++)
3037                 for (int w = 0; w < ZIO_WAIT_TYPES; w++)
3038                         ASSERT(zio->io_children[c][w] == 0);
3039 
3040         if (bp != NULL && !BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp)) {
3041                 ASSERT(bp->blk_pad[0] == 0);
3042                 ASSERT(bp->blk_pad[1] == 0);
3043                 ASSERT(bcmp(bp, &zio->io_bp_copy, sizeof (blkptr_t)) == 0 ||
3044                     (bp == zio_unique_parent(zio)->io_bp));
3045                 if (zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE && !BP_IS_HOLE(bp) &&
3046                     zio->io_bp_override == NULL &&
3047                     !(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_IO_REPAIR)) {
3048                         ASSERT(!BP_SHOULD_BYTESWAP(bp));
3049                         ASSERT3U(zio->io_prop.zp_copies, <=, BP_GET_NDVAS(bp));
3050                         ASSERT(BP_COUNT_GANG(bp) == 0 ||
3051                             (BP_COUNT_GANG(bp) == BP_GET_NDVAS(bp)));
3052                 }
3053                 if (zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_NOPWRITE)
3054                         VERIFY(BP_EQUAL(bp, &zio->io_bp_orig));
3055         }
3056 
3057         /*
3058          * If there were child vdev/gang/ddt errors, they apply to us now.
3059          */
3060         zio_inherit_child_errors(zio, ZIO_CHILD_VDEV);
3061         zio_inherit_child_errors(zio, ZIO_CHILD_GANG);
3062         zio_inherit_child_errors(zio, ZIO_CHILD_DDT);
3063 
3064         /*
3065          * If the I/O on the transformed data was successful, generate any
3066          * checksum reports now while we still have the transformed data.
3067          */
3068         if (zio->io_error == 0) {
3069                 while (zio->io_cksum_report != NULL) {
3070                         zio_cksum_report_t *zcr = zio->io_cksum_report;
3071                         uint64_t align = zcr->zcr_align;
3072                         uint64_t asize = P2ROUNDUP(psize, align);
3073                         char *abuf = zio->io_data;
3074 
3075                         if (asize != psize) {
3076                                 abuf = zio_buf_alloc(asize);
3077                                 bcopy(zio->io_data, abuf, psize);
3078                                 bzero(abuf + psize, asize - psize);
3079                         }
3080 
3081                         zio->io_cksum_report = zcr->zcr_next;
3082                         zcr->zcr_next = NULL;
3083                         zcr->zcr_finish(zcr, abuf);
3084                         zfs_ereport_free_checksum(zcr);
3085 
3086                         if (asize != psize)
3087                                 zio_buf_free(abuf, asize);
3088                 }
3089         }
3090 
3091         zio_pop_transforms(zio);        /* note: may set zio->io_error */
3092 
3093         vdev_stat_update(zio, psize);
3094 
3095         if (zio->io_error) {
3096                 /*
3097                  * If this I/O is attached to a particular vdev,
3098                  * generate an error message describing the I/O failure
3099                  * at the block level.  We ignore these errors if the
3100                  * device is currently unavailable.
3101                  */
3102                 if (zio->io_error != ECKSUM && vd != NULL && !vdev_is_dead(vd))
3103                         zfs_ereport_post(FM_EREPORT_ZFS_IO, spa, vd, zio, 0, 0);
3104 
3105                 if ((zio->io_error == EIO || !(zio->io_flags &
3106                     (ZIO_FLAG_SPECULATIVE | ZIO_FLAG_DONT_PROPAGATE))) &&
3107                     zio == lio) {
3108                         /*
3109                          * For logical I/O requests, tell the SPA to log the
3110                          * error and generate a logical data ereport.
3111                          */
3112                         spa_log_error(spa, zio);
3113                         zfs_ereport_post(FM_EREPORT_ZFS_DATA, spa, NULL, zio,
3114                             0, 0);
3115                 }
3116         }
3117 
3118         if (zio->io_error && zio == lio) {
3119                 /*
3120                  * Determine whether zio should be reexecuted.  This will
3121                  * propagate all the way to the root via zio_notify_parent().
3122                  */
3123                 ASSERT(vd == NULL && bp != NULL);
3124                 ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
3125 
3126                 if (IO_IS_ALLOCATING(zio) &&
3127                     !(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_CANFAIL)) {
3128                         if (zio->io_error != ENOSPC)
3129                                 zio->io_reexecute |= ZIO_REEXECUTE_NOW;
3130                         else
3131                                 zio->io_reexecute |= ZIO_REEXECUTE_SUSPEND;
3132                 }
3133 
3134                 if ((zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_READ ||
3135                     zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_FREE) &&
3136                     !(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_SCAN_THREAD) &&
3137                     zio->io_error == ENXIO &&
3138                     spa_load_state(spa) == SPA_LOAD_NONE &&
3139                     spa_get_failmode(spa) != ZIO_FAILURE_MODE_CONTINUE)
3140                         zio->io_reexecute |= ZIO_REEXECUTE_SUSPEND;
3141 
3142                 if (!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_CANFAIL) && !zio->io_reexecute)
3143                         zio->io_reexecute |= ZIO_REEXECUTE_SUSPEND;
3144 
3145                 /*
3146                  * Here is a possibly good place to attempt to do
3147                  * either combinatorial reconstruction or error correction
3148                  * based on checksums.  It also might be a good place
3149                  * to send out preliminary ereports before we suspend
3150                  * processing.
3151                  */
3152         }
3153 
3154         /*
3155          * If there were logical child errors, they apply to us now.
3156          * We defer this until now to avoid conflating logical child
3157          * errors with errors that happened to the zio itself when
3158          * updating vdev stats and reporting FMA events above.
3159          */
3160         zio_inherit_child_errors(zio, ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
3161 
3162         if ((zio->io_error || zio->io_reexecute) &&
3163             IO_IS_ALLOCATING(zio) && zio->io_gang_leader == zio &&
3164             !(zio->io_flags & (ZIO_FLAG_IO_REWRITE | ZIO_FLAG_NOPWRITE)))
3165                 zio_dva_unallocate(zio, zio->io_gang_tree, bp);
3166 
3167         zio_gang_tree_free(&zio->io_gang_tree);
3168 
3169         /*
3170          * Godfather I/Os should never suspend.
3171          */
3172         if ((zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_GODFATHER) &&
3173             (zio->io_reexecute & ZIO_REEXECUTE_SUSPEND))
3174                 zio->io_reexecute = 0;
3175 
3176         if (zio->io_reexecute) {
3177                 /*
3178                  * This is a logical I/O that wants to reexecute.
3179                  *
3180                  * Reexecute is top-down.  When an i/o fails, if it's not
3181                  * the root, it simply notifies its parent and sticks around.
3182                  * The parent, seeing that it still has children in zio_done(),
3183                  * does the same.  This percolates all the way up to the root.
3184                  * The root i/o will reexecute or suspend the entire tree.
3185                  *
3186                  * This approach ensures that zio_reexecute() honors
3187                  * all the original i/o dependency relationships, e.g.
3188                  * parents not executing until children are ready.
3189                  */
3190                 ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
3191 
3192                 zio->io_gang_leader = NULL;
3193 
3194                 mutex_enter(&zio->io_lock);
3195                 zio->io_state[ZIO_WAIT_DONE] = 1;
3196                 mutex_exit(&zio->io_lock);
3197 
3198                 /*
3199                  * "The Godfather" I/O monitors its children but is
3200                  * not a true parent to them. It will track them through
3201                  * the pipeline but severs its ties whenever they get into
3202                  * trouble (e.g. suspended). This allows "The Godfather"
3203                  * I/O to return status without blocking.
3204                  */
3205                 for (pio = zio_walk_parents(zio); pio != NULL; pio = pio_next) {
3206                         zio_link_t *zl = zio->io_walk_link;
3207                         pio_next = zio_walk_parents(zio);
3208 
3209                         if ((pio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_GODFATHER) &&
3210                             (zio->io_reexecute & ZIO_REEXECUTE_SUSPEND)) {
3211                                 zio_remove_child(pio, zio, zl);
3212                                 zio_notify_parent(pio, zio, ZIO_WAIT_DONE);
3213                         }
3214                 }
3215 
3216                 if ((pio = zio_unique_parent(zio)) != NULL) {
3217                         /*
3218                          * We're not a root i/o, so there's nothing to do
3219                          * but notify our parent.  Don't propagate errors
3220                          * upward since we haven't permanently failed yet.
3221                          */
3222                         ASSERT(!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_GODFATHER));
3223                         zio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_DONT_PROPAGATE;
3224                         zio_notify_parent(pio, zio, ZIO_WAIT_DONE);
3225                 } else if (zio->io_reexecute & ZIO_REEXECUTE_SUSPEND) {
3226                         /*
3227                          * We'd fail again if we reexecuted now, so suspend
3228                          * until conditions improve (e.g. device comes online).
3229                          */
3230                         zio_suspend(spa, zio);
3231                 } else {
3232                         /*
3233                          * Reexecution is potentially a huge amount of work.
3234                          * Hand it off to the otherwise-unused claim taskq.
3235                          */
3236                         ASSERT(zio->io_tqent.tqent_next == NULL);
3237                         spa_taskq_dispatch_ent(spa, ZIO_TYPE_CLAIM,
3238                             ZIO_TASKQ_ISSUE, (task_func_t *)zio_reexecute, zio,
3239                             0, &zio->io_tqent);
3240                 }
3241                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
3242         }
3243 
3244         ASSERT(zio->io_child_count == 0);
3245         ASSERT(zio->io_reexecute == 0);
3246         ASSERT(zio->io_error == 0 || (zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_CANFAIL));
3247 
3248         /*
3249          * Report any checksum errors, since the I/O is complete.
3250          */
3251         while (zio->io_cksum_report != NULL) {
3252                 zio_cksum_report_t *zcr = zio->io_cksum_report;
3253                 zio->io_cksum_report = zcr->zcr_next;
3254                 zcr->zcr_next = NULL;
3255                 zcr->zcr_finish(zcr, NULL);
3256                 zfs_ereport_free_checksum(zcr);
3257         }
3258 
3259         /*
3260          * It is the responsibility of the done callback to ensure that this
3261          * particular zio is no longer discoverable for adoption, and as
3262          * such, cannot acquire any new parents.
3263          */
3264         if (zio->io_done)
3265                 zio->io_done(zio);
3266 
3267         mutex_enter(&zio->io_lock);
3268         zio->io_state[ZIO_WAIT_DONE] = 1;
3269         mutex_exit(&zio->io_lock);
3270 
3271         for (pio = zio_walk_parents(zio); pio != NULL; pio = pio_next) {
3272                 zio_link_t *zl = zio->io_walk_link;
3273                 pio_next = zio_walk_parents(zio);
3274                 zio_remove_child(pio, zio, zl);
3275                 zio_notify_parent(pio, zio, ZIO_WAIT_DONE);
3276         }
3277 
3278         if (zio->io_waiter != NULL) {
3279                 mutex_enter(&zio->io_lock);
3280                 zio->io_executor = NULL;
3281                 cv_broadcast(&zio->io_cv);
3282                 mutex_exit(&zio->io_lock);
3283         } else {
3284                 zio_destroy(zio);
3285         }
3286 
3287         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
3288 }
3289 
3290 /*
3291  * ==========================================================================
3292  * I/O pipeline definition
3293  * ==========================================================================
3294  */
3295 static zio_pipe_stage_t *zio_pipeline[] = {
3296         NULL,
3297         zio_read_bp_init,
3298         zio_free_bp_init,
3299         zio_issue_async,
3300         zio_write_bp_init,
3301         zio_checksum_generate,
3302         zio_nop_write,
3303         zio_ddt_read_start,
3304         zio_ddt_read_done,
3305         zio_ddt_write,
3306         zio_ddt_free,
3307         zio_gang_assemble,
3308         zio_gang_issue,
3309         zio_dva_allocate,
3310         zio_dva_free,
3311         zio_dva_claim,
3312         zio_ready,
3313         zio_vdev_io_start,
3314         zio_vdev_io_done,
3315         zio_vdev_io_assess,
3316         zio_checksum_verify,
3317         zio_done
3318 };
3319 
3320 /* dnp is the dnode for zb1->zb_object */
3321 boolean_t
3322 zbookmark_is_before(const dnode_phys_t *dnp, const zbookmark_phys_t *zb1,
3323     const zbookmark_phys_t *zb2)
3324 {
3325         uint64_t zb1nextL0, zb2thisobj;
3326 
3327         ASSERT(zb1->zb_objset == zb2->zb_objset);
3328         ASSERT(zb2->zb_level == 0);
3329 
3330         /* The objset_phys_t isn't before anything. */
3331         if (dnp == NULL)
3332                 return (B_FALSE);
3333 
3334         zb1nextL0 = (zb1->zb_blkid + 1) <<
3335             ((zb1->zb_level) * (dnp->dn_indblkshift - SPA_BLKPTRSHIFT));
3336 
3337         zb2thisobj = zb2->zb_object ? zb2->zb_object :
3338             zb2->zb_blkid << (DNODE_BLOCK_SHIFT - DNODE_SHIFT);
3339 
3340         if (zb1->zb_object == DMU_META_DNODE_OBJECT) {
3341                 uint64_t nextobj = zb1nextL0 *
3342                     (dnp->dn_datablkszsec << SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT) >> DNODE_SHIFT;
3343                 return (nextobj <= zb2thisobj);
3344         }
3345 
3346         if (zb1->zb_object < zb2thisobj)
3347                 return (B_TRUE);
3348         if (zb1->zb_object > zb2thisobj)
3349                 return (B_FALSE);
3350         if (zb2->zb_object == DMU_META_DNODE_OBJECT)
3351                 return (B_FALSE);
3352         return (zb1nextL0 <= zb2->zb_blkid);
3353 }