1 /*
   2  * CDDL HEADER START
   3  *
   4  * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
   5  * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
   6  * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   7  *
   8  * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
   9  * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
  10  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
  11  * and limitations under the License.
  12  *
  13  * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
  14  * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
  15  * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
  16  * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
  17  * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
  18  *
  19  * CDDL HEADER END
  20  */
  21 /*
  22  * Copyright (c) 2005, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  23  * Copyright (c) 2011, 2014 by Delphix. All rights reserved.
  24  * Copyright (c) 2011 Nexenta Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
  25  * Copyright 2013 Joyent, Inc. All rights reserved.
  26  */
  27 
  28 #include <sys/sysmacros.h>
  29 #include <sys/zfs_context.h>
  30 #include <sys/fm/fs/zfs.h>
  31 #include <sys/spa.h>
  32 #include <sys/txg.h>
  33 #include <sys/spa_impl.h>
  34 #include <sys/vdev_impl.h>
  35 #include <sys/zio_impl.h>
  36 #include <sys/zio_compress.h>
  37 #include <sys/zio_checksum.h>
  38 #include <sys/dmu_objset.h>
  39 #include <sys/arc.h>
  40 #include <sys/ddt.h>
  41 #include <sys/zfs_zone.h>
  42 #include <sys/blkptr.h>
  43 #include <sys/zfeature.h>
  44 
  45 /*
  46  * ==========================================================================
  47  * I/O type descriptions
  48  * ==========================================================================
  49  */
  50 const char *zio_type_name[ZIO_TYPES] = {
  51         "zio_null", "zio_read", "zio_write", "zio_free", "zio_claim",
  52         "zio_ioctl"
  53 };
  54 
  55 /*
  56  * ==========================================================================
  57  * I/O kmem caches
  58  * ==========================================================================
  59  */
  60 kmem_cache_t *zio_cache;
  61 kmem_cache_t *zio_link_cache;
  62 kmem_cache_t *zio_buf_cache[SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT];
  63 kmem_cache_t *zio_data_buf_cache[SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT];
  64 
  65 #ifdef _KERNEL
  66 extern vmem_t *zio_alloc_arena;
  67 #endif
  68 
  69 #define ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE           0x100
  70 #define ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP               0x101
  71 
  72 /*
  73  * The following actions directly effect the spa's sync-to-convergence logic.
  74  * The values below define the sync pass when we start performing the action.
  75  * Care should be taken when changing these values as they directly impact
  76  * spa_sync() performance. Tuning these values may introduce subtle performance
  77  * pathologies and should only be done in the context of performance analysis.
  78  * These tunables will eventually be removed and replaced with #defines once
  79  * enough analysis has been done to determine optimal values.
  80  *
  81  * The 'zfs_sync_pass_deferred_free' pass must be greater than 1 to ensure that
  82  * regular blocks are not deferred.
  83  */
  84 int zfs_sync_pass_deferred_free = 2; /* defer frees starting in this pass */
  85 int zfs_sync_pass_dont_compress = 5; /* don't compress starting in this pass */
  86 int zfs_sync_pass_rewrite = 2; /* rewrite new bps starting in this pass */
  87 
  88 /*
  89  * An allocating zio is one that either currently has the DVA allocate
  90  * stage set or will have it later in its lifetime.
  91  */
  92 #define IO_IS_ALLOCATING(zio) ((zio)->io_orig_pipeline & ZIO_STAGE_DVA_ALLOCATE)
  93 
  94 boolean_t       zio_requeue_io_start_cut_in_line = B_TRUE;
  95 
  96 #ifdef ZFS_DEBUG
  97 int zio_buf_debug_limit = 16384;
  98 #else
  99 int zio_buf_debug_limit = 0;
 100 #endif
 101 
 102 void
 103 zio_init(void)
 104 {
 105         size_t c;
 106         vmem_t *data_alloc_arena = NULL;
 107 
 108 #ifdef _KERNEL
 109         data_alloc_arena = zio_alloc_arena;
 110 #endif
 111         zio_cache = kmem_cache_create("zio_cache",
 112             sizeof (zio_t), 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
 113         zio_link_cache = kmem_cache_create("zio_link_cache",
 114             sizeof (zio_link_t), 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
 115 
 116         /*
 117          * For small buffers, we want a cache for each multiple of
 118          * SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE.  For larger buffers, we want a cache
 119          * for each quarter-power of 2.
 120          */
 121         for (c = 0; c < SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT; c++) {
 122                 size_t size = (c + 1) << SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT;
 123                 size_t p2 = size;
 124                 size_t align = 0;
 125                 size_t cflags = (size > zio_buf_debug_limit) ? KMC_NODEBUG : 0;
 126 
 127                 while (!ISP2(p2))
 128                         p2 &= p2 - 1;
 129 
 130 #ifndef _KERNEL
 131                 /*
 132                  * If we are using watchpoints, put each buffer on its own page,
 133                  * to eliminate the performance overhead of trapping to the
 134                  * kernel when modifying a non-watched buffer that shares the
 135                  * page with a watched buffer.
 136                  */
 137                 if (arc_watch && !IS_P2ALIGNED(size, PAGESIZE))
 138                         continue;
 139 #endif
 140                 if (size <= 4 * SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE) {
 141                         align = SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE;
 142                 } else if (IS_P2ALIGNED(size, p2 >> 2)) {
 143                         align = MIN(p2 >> 2, PAGESIZE);
 144                 }
 145 
 146                 if (align != 0) {
 147                         char name[36];
 148                         (void) sprintf(name, "zio_buf_%lu", (ulong_t)size);
 149                         zio_buf_cache[c] = kmem_cache_create(name, size,
 150                             align, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, cflags);
 151 
 152                         /*
 153                          * Since zio_data bufs do not appear in crash dumps, we
 154                          * pass KMC_NOTOUCH so that no allocator metadata is
 155                          * stored with the buffers.
 156                          */
 157                         (void) sprintf(name, "zio_data_buf_%lu", (ulong_t)size);
 158                         zio_data_buf_cache[c] = kmem_cache_create(name, size,
 159                             align, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, data_alloc_arena,
 160                             cflags | KMC_NOTOUCH);
 161                 }
 162         }
 163 
 164         while (--c != 0) {
 165                 ASSERT(zio_buf_cache[c] != NULL);
 166                 if (zio_buf_cache[c - 1] == NULL)
 167                         zio_buf_cache[c - 1] = zio_buf_cache[c];
 168 
 169                 ASSERT(zio_data_buf_cache[c] != NULL);
 170                 if (zio_data_buf_cache[c - 1] == NULL)
 171                         zio_data_buf_cache[c - 1] = zio_data_buf_cache[c];
 172         }
 173 
 174         zio_inject_init();
 175 }
 176 
 177 void
 178 zio_fini(void)
 179 {
 180         size_t c;
 181         kmem_cache_t *last_cache = NULL;
 182         kmem_cache_t *last_data_cache = NULL;
 183 
 184         for (c = 0; c < SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT; c++) {
 185                 if (zio_buf_cache[c] != last_cache) {
 186                         last_cache = zio_buf_cache[c];
 187                         kmem_cache_destroy(zio_buf_cache[c]);
 188                 }
 189                 zio_buf_cache[c] = NULL;
 190 
 191                 if (zio_data_buf_cache[c] != last_data_cache) {
 192                         last_data_cache = zio_data_buf_cache[c];
 193                         kmem_cache_destroy(zio_data_buf_cache[c]);
 194                 }
 195                 zio_data_buf_cache[c] = NULL;
 196         }
 197 
 198         kmem_cache_destroy(zio_link_cache);
 199         kmem_cache_destroy(zio_cache);
 200 
 201         zio_inject_fini();
 202 }
 203 
 204 /*
 205  * ==========================================================================
 206  * Allocate and free I/O buffers
 207  * ==========================================================================
 208  */
 209 
 210 /*
 211  * Use zio_buf_alloc to allocate ZFS metadata.  This data will appear in a
 212  * crashdump if the kernel panics, so use it judiciously.  Obviously, it's
 213  * useful to inspect ZFS metadata, but if possible, we should avoid keeping
 214  * excess / transient data in-core during a crashdump.
 215  */
 216 void *
 217 zio_buf_alloc(size_t size)
 218 {
 219         size_t c = (size - 1) >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT;
 220 
 221         VERIFY3U(c, <, SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT);
 222 
 223         return (kmem_cache_alloc(zio_buf_cache[c], KM_PUSHPAGE));
 224 }
 225 
 226 /*
 227  * Use zio_data_buf_alloc to allocate data.  The data will not appear in a
 228  * crashdump if the kernel panics.  This exists so that we will limit the amount
 229  * of ZFS data that shows up in a kernel crashdump.  (Thus reducing the amount
 230  * of kernel heap dumped to disk when the kernel panics)
 231  */
 232 void *
 233 zio_data_buf_alloc(size_t size)
 234 {
 235         size_t c = (size - 1) >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT;
 236 
 237         VERIFY3U(c, <, SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT);
 238 
 239         return (kmem_cache_alloc(zio_data_buf_cache[c], KM_PUSHPAGE));
 240 }
 241 
 242 void
 243 zio_buf_free(void *buf, size_t size)
 244 {
 245         size_t c = (size - 1) >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT;
 246 
 247         VERIFY3U(c, <, SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT);
 248 
 249         kmem_cache_free(zio_buf_cache[c], buf);
 250 }
 251 
 252 void
 253 zio_data_buf_free(void *buf, size_t size)
 254 {
 255         size_t c = (size - 1) >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT;
 256 
 257         VERIFY3U(c, <, SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT);
 258 
 259         kmem_cache_free(zio_data_buf_cache[c], buf);
 260 }
 261 
 262 /*
 263  * ==========================================================================
 264  * Push and pop I/O transform buffers
 265  * ==========================================================================
 266  */
 267 static void
 268 zio_push_transform(zio_t *zio, void *data, uint64_t size, uint64_t bufsize,
 269         zio_transform_func_t *transform)
 270 {
 271         zio_transform_t *zt = kmem_alloc(sizeof (zio_transform_t), KM_SLEEP);
 272 
 273         zt->zt_orig_data = zio->io_data;
 274         zt->zt_orig_size = zio->io_size;
 275         zt->zt_bufsize = bufsize;
 276         zt->zt_transform = transform;
 277 
 278         zt->zt_next = zio->io_transform_stack;
 279         zio->io_transform_stack = zt;
 280 
 281         zio->io_data = data;
 282         zio->io_size = size;
 283 }
 284 
 285 static void
 286 zio_pop_transforms(zio_t *zio)
 287 {
 288         zio_transform_t *zt;
 289 
 290         while ((zt = zio->io_transform_stack) != NULL) {
 291                 if (zt->zt_transform != NULL)
 292                         zt->zt_transform(zio,
 293                             zt->zt_orig_data, zt->zt_orig_size);
 294 
 295                 if (zt->zt_bufsize != 0)
 296                         zio_buf_free(zio->io_data, zt->zt_bufsize);
 297 
 298                 zio->io_data = zt->zt_orig_data;
 299                 zio->io_size = zt->zt_orig_size;
 300                 zio->io_transform_stack = zt->zt_next;
 301 
 302                 kmem_free(zt, sizeof (zio_transform_t));
 303         }
 304 }
 305 
 306 /*
 307  * ==========================================================================
 308  * I/O transform callbacks for subblocks and decompression
 309  * ==========================================================================
 310  */
 311 static void
 312 zio_subblock(zio_t *zio, void *data, uint64_t size)
 313 {
 314         ASSERT(zio->io_size > size);
 315 
 316         if (zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_READ)
 317                 bcopy(zio->io_data, data, size);
 318 }
 319 
 320 static void
 321 zio_decompress(zio_t *zio, void *data, uint64_t size)
 322 {
 323         if (zio->io_error == 0 &&
 324             zio_decompress_data(BP_GET_COMPRESS(zio->io_bp),
 325             zio->io_data, data, zio->io_size, size) != 0)
 326                 zio->io_error = SET_ERROR(EIO);
 327 }
 328 
 329 /*
 330  * ==========================================================================
 331  * I/O parent/child relationships and pipeline interlocks
 332  * ==========================================================================
 333  */
 334 /*
 335  * NOTE - Callers to zio_walk_parents() and zio_walk_children must
 336  *        continue calling these functions until they return NULL.
 337  *        Otherwise, the next caller will pick up the list walk in
 338  *        some indeterminate state.  (Otherwise every caller would
 339  *        have to pass in a cookie to keep the state represented by
 340  *        io_walk_link, which gets annoying.)
 341  */
 342 zio_t *
 343 zio_walk_parents(zio_t *cio)
 344 {
 345         zio_link_t *zl = cio->io_walk_link;
 346         list_t *pl = &cio->io_parent_list;
 347 
 348         zl = (zl == NULL) ? list_head(pl) : list_next(pl, zl);
 349         cio->io_walk_link = zl;
 350 
 351         if (zl == NULL)
 352                 return (NULL);
 353 
 354         ASSERT(zl->zl_child == cio);
 355         return (zl->zl_parent);
 356 }
 357 
 358 zio_t *
 359 zio_walk_children(zio_t *pio)
 360 {
 361         zio_link_t *zl = pio->io_walk_link;
 362         list_t *cl = &pio->io_child_list;
 363 
 364         zl = (zl == NULL) ? list_head(cl) : list_next(cl, zl);
 365         pio->io_walk_link = zl;
 366 
 367         if (zl == NULL)
 368                 return (NULL);
 369 
 370         ASSERT(zl->zl_parent == pio);
 371         return (zl->zl_child);
 372 }
 373 
 374 zio_t *
 375 zio_unique_parent(zio_t *cio)
 376 {
 377         zio_t *pio = zio_walk_parents(cio);
 378 
 379         VERIFY(zio_walk_parents(cio) == NULL);
 380         return (pio);
 381 }
 382 
 383 void
 384 zio_add_child(zio_t *pio, zio_t *cio)
 385 {
 386         zio_link_t *zl = kmem_cache_alloc(zio_link_cache, KM_SLEEP);
 387 
 388         /*
 389          * Logical I/Os can have logical, gang, or vdev children.
 390          * Gang I/Os can have gang or vdev children.
 391          * Vdev I/Os can only have vdev children.
 392          * The following ASSERT captures all of these constraints.
 393          */
 394         ASSERT(cio->io_child_type <= pio->io_child_type);
 395 
 396         zl->zl_parent = pio;
 397         zl->zl_child = cio;
 398 
 399         mutex_enter(&cio->io_lock);
 400         mutex_enter(&pio->io_lock);
 401 
 402         ASSERT(pio->io_state[ZIO_WAIT_DONE] == 0);
 403 
 404         for (int w = 0; w < ZIO_WAIT_TYPES; w++)
 405                 pio->io_children[cio->io_child_type][w] += !cio->io_state[w];
 406 
 407         list_insert_head(&pio->io_child_list, zl);
 408         list_insert_head(&cio->io_parent_list, zl);
 409 
 410         pio->io_child_count++;
 411         cio->io_parent_count++;
 412 
 413         mutex_exit(&pio->io_lock);
 414         mutex_exit(&cio->io_lock);
 415 }
 416 
 417 static void
 418 zio_remove_child(zio_t *pio, zio_t *cio, zio_link_t *zl)
 419 {
 420         ASSERT(zl->zl_parent == pio);
 421         ASSERT(zl->zl_child == cio);
 422 
 423         mutex_enter(&cio->io_lock);
 424         mutex_enter(&pio->io_lock);
 425 
 426         list_remove(&pio->io_child_list, zl);
 427         list_remove(&cio->io_parent_list, zl);
 428 
 429         pio->io_child_count--;
 430         cio->io_parent_count--;
 431 
 432         mutex_exit(&pio->io_lock);
 433         mutex_exit(&cio->io_lock);
 434 
 435         kmem_cache_free(zio_link_cache, zl);
 436 }
 437 
 438 static boolean_t
 439 zio_wait_for_children(zio_t *zio, enum zio_child child, enum zio_wait_type wait)
 440 {
 441         uint64_t *countp = &zio->io_children[child][wait];
 442         boolean_t waiting = B_FALSE;
 443 
 444         mutex_enter(&zio->io_lock);
 445         ASSERT(zio->io_stall == NULL);
 446         if (*countp != 0) {
 447                 zio->io_stage >>= 1;
 448                 zio->io_stall = countp;
 449                 waiting = B_TRUE;
 450         }
 451         mutex_exit(&zio->io_lock);
 452 
 453         return (waiting);
 454 }
 455 
 456 static void
 457 zio_notify_parent(zio_t *pio, zio_t *zio, enum zio_wait_type wait)
 458 {
 459         uint64_t *countp = &pio->io_children[zio->io_child_type][wait];
 460         int *errorp = &pio->io_child_error[zio->io_child_type];
 461 
 462         mutex_enter(&pio->io_lock);
 463         if (zio->io_error && !(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_DONT_PROPAGATE))
 464                 *errorp = zio_worst_error(*errorp, zio->io_error);
 465         pio->io_reexecute |= zio->io_reexecute;
 466         ASSERT3U(*countp, >, 0);
 467 
 468         (*countp)--;
 469 
 470         if (*countp == 0 && pio->io_stall == countp) {
 471                 pio->io_stall = NULL;
 472                 mutex_exit(&pio->io_lock);
 473                 zio_execute(pio);
 474         } else {
 475                 mutex_exit(&pio->io_lock);
 476         }
 477 }
 478 
 479 static void
 480 zio_inherit_child_errors(zio_t *zio, enum zio_child c)
 481 {
 482         if (zio->io_child_error[c] != 0 && zio->io_error == 0)
 483                 zio->io_error = zio->io_child_error[c];
 484 }
 485 
 486 /*
 487  * ==========================================================================
 488  * Create the various types of I/O (read, write, free, etc)
 489  * ==========================================================================
 490  */
 491 static zio_t *
 492 zio_create(zio_t *pio, spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg, const blkptr_t *bp,
 493     void *data, uint64_t size, zio_done_func_t *done, void *private,
 494     zio_type_t type, zio_priority_t priority, enum zio_flag flags,
 495     vdev_t *vd, uint64_t offset, const zbookmark_phys_t *zb,
 496     enum zio_stage stage, enum zio_stage pipeline)
 497 {
 498         zio_t *zio;
 499 
 500         ASSERT3U(size, <=, SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE);
 501         ASSERT(P2PHASE(size, SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE) == 0);
 502         ASSERT(P2PHASE(offset, SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE) == 0);
 503 
 504         ASSERT(!vd || spa_config_held(spa, SCL_STATE_ALL, RW_READER));
 505         ASSERT(!bp || !(flags & ZIO_FLAG_CONFIG_WRITER));
 506         ASSERT(vd || stage == ZIO_STAGE_OPEN);
 507 
 508         zio = kmem_cache_alloc(zio_cache, KM_SLEEP);
 509         bzero(zio, sizeof (zio_t));
 510 
 511         mutex_init(&zio->io_lock, NULL, MUTEX_DEFAULT, NULL);
 512         cv_init(&zio->io_cv, NULL, CV_DEFAULT, NULL);
 513 
 514         list_create(&zio->io_parent_list, sizeof (zio_link_t),
 515             offsetof(zio_link_t, zl_parent_node));
 516         list_create(&zio->io_child_list, sizeof (zio_link_t),
 517             offsetof(zio_link_t, zl_child_node));
 518 
 519         if (vd != NULL)
 520                 zio->io_child_type = ZIO_CHILD_VDEV;
 521         else if (flags & ZIO_FLAG_GANG_CHILD)
 522                 zio->io_child_type = ZIO_CHILD_GANG;
 523         else if (flags & ZIO_FLAG_DDT_CHILD)
 524                 zio->io_child_type = ZIO_CHILD_DDT;
 525         else
 526                 zio->io_child_type = ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL;
 527 
 528         if (bp != NULL) {
 529                 zio->io_bp = (blkptr_t *)bp;
 530                 zio->io_bp_copy = *bp;
 531                 zio->io_bp_orig = *bp;
 532                 if (type != ZIO_TYPE_WRITE ||
 533                     zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_DDT)
 534                         zio->io_bp = &zio->io_bp_copy;        /* so caller can free */
 535                 if (zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL)
 536                         zio->io_logical = zio;
 537                 if (zio->io_child_type > ZIO_CHILD_GANG && BP_IS_GANG(bp))
 538                         pipeline |= ZIO_GANG_STAGES;
 539         }
 540 
 541         zio->io_spa = spa;
 542         zio->io_txg = txg;
 543         zio->io_done = done;
 544         zio->io_private = private;
 545         zio->io_type = type;
 546         zio->io_priority = priority;
 547         zio->io_vd = vd;
 548         zio->io_offset = offset;
 549         zio->io_orig_data = zio->io_data = data;
 550         zio->io_orig_size = zio->io_size = size;
 551         zio->io_orig_flags = zio->io_flags = flags;
 552         zio->io_orig_stage = zio->io_stage = stage;
 553         zio->io_orig_pipeline = zio->io_pipeline = pipeline;
 554 
 555         zio->io_state[ZIO_WAIT_READY] = (stage >= ZIO_STAGE_READY);
 556         zio->io_state[ZIO_WAIT_DONE] = (stage >= ZIO_STAGE_DONE);
 557 
 558         if (zb != NULL)
 559                 zio->io_bookmark = *zb;
 560 
 561         if (pio != NULL) {
 562                 zio->io_zoneid = pio->io_zoneid;
 563                 if (zio->io_logical == NULL)
 564                         zio->io_logical = pio->io_logical;
 565                 if (zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_GANG)
 566                         zio->io_gang_leader = pio->io_gang_leader;
 567                 zio_add_child(pio, zio);
 568         } else {
 569                 zfs_zone_zio_init(zio);
 570         }
 571 
 572         return (zio);
 573 }
 574 
 575 static void
 576 zio_destroy(zio_t *zio)
 577 {
 578         list_destroy(&zio->io_parent_list);
 579         list_destroy(&zio->io_child_list);
 580         mutex_destroy(&zio->io_lock);
 581         cv_destroy(&zio->io_cv);
 582         kmem_cache_free(zio_cache, zio);
 583 }
 584 
 585 zio_t *
 586 zio_null(zio_t *pio, spa_t *spa, vdev_t *vd, zio_done_func_t *done,
 587     void *private, enum zio_flag flags)
 588 {
 589         zio_t *zio;
 590 
 591         zio = zio_create(pio, spa, 0, NULL, NULL, 0, done, private,
 592             ZIO_TYPE_NULL, ZIO_PRIORITY_NOW, flags, vd, 0, NULL,
 593             ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE);
 594 
 595         return (zio);
 596 }
 597 
 598 zio_t *
 599 zio_root(spa_t *spa, zio_done_func_t *done, void *private, enum zio_flag flags)
 600 {
 601         return (zio_null(NULL, spa, NULL, done, private, flags));
 602 }
 603 
 604 void
 605 zfs_blkptr_verify(spa_t *spa, const blkptr_t *bp)
 606 {
 607         if (!DMU_OT_IS_VALID(BP_GET_TYPE(bp))) {
 608                 zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p has invalid TYPE %llu",
 609                     bp, (longlong_t)BP_GET_TYPE(bp));
 610         }
 611         if (BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp) >= ZIO_CHECKSUM_FUNCTIONS ||
 612             BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp) <= ZIO_CHECKSUM_ON) {
 613                 zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p has invalid CHECKSUM %llu",
 614                     bp, (longlong_t)BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp));
 615         }
 616         if (BP_GET_COMPRESS(bp) >= ZIO_COMPRESS_FUNCTIONS ||
 617             BP_GET_COMPRESS(bp) <= ZIO_COMPRESS_ON) {
 618                 zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p has invalid COMPRESS %llu",
 619                     bp, (longlong_t)BP_GET_COMPRESS(bp));
 620         }
 621         if (BP_GET_LSIZE(bp) > SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE) {
 622                 zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p has invalid LSIZE %llu",
 623                     bp, (longlong_t)BP_GET_LSIZE(bp));
 624         }
 625         if (BP_GET_PSIZE(bp) > SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE) {
 626                 zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p has invalid PSIZE %llu",
 627                     bp, (longlong_t)BP_GET_PSIZE(bp));
 628         }
 629 
 630         if (BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp)) {
 631                 if (BPE_GET_ETYPE(bp) > NUM_BP_EMBEDDED_TYPES) {
 632                         zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p has invalid ETYPE %llu",
 633                             bp, (longlong_t)BPE_GET_ETYPE(bp));
 634                 }
 635         }
 636 
 637         /*
 638          * Pool-specific checks.
 639          *
 640          * Note: it would be nice to verify that the blk_birth and
 641          * BP_PHYSICAL_BIRTH() are not too large.  However, spa_freeze()
 642          * allows the birth time of log blocks (and dmu_sync()-ed blocks
 643          * that are in the log) to be arbitrarily large.
 644          */
 645         for (int i = 0; i < BP_GET_NDVAS(bp); i++) {
 646                 uint64_t vdevid = DVA_GET_VDEV(&bp->blk_dva[i]);
 647                 if (vdevid >= spa->spa_root_vdev->vdev_children) {
 648                         zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p DVA %u has invalid "
 649                             "VDEV %llu",
 650                             bp, i, (longlong_t)vdevid);
 651                 }
 652                 vdev_t *vd = spa->spa_root_vdev->vdev_child[vdevid];
 653                 if (vd == NULL) {
 654                         zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p DVA %u has invalid "
 655                             "VDEV %llu",
 656                             bp, i, (longlong_t)vdevid);
 657                 }
 658                 if (vd->vdev_ops == &vdev_hole_ops) {
 659                         zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p DVA %u has hole "
 660                             "VDEV %llu",
 661                             bp, i, (longlong_t)vdevid);
 662 
 663                 }
 664                 if (vd->vdev_ops == &vdev_missing_ops) {
 665                         /*
 666                          * "missing" vdevs are valid during import, but we
 667                          * don't have their detailed info (e.g. asize), so
 668                          * we can't perform any more checks on them.
 669                          */
 670                         continue;
 671                 }
 672                 uint64_t offset = DVA_GET_OFFSET(&bp->blk_dva[i]);
 673                 uint64_t asize = DVA_GET_ASIZE(&bp->blk_dva[i]);
 674                 if (BP_IS_GANG(bp))
 675                         asize = vdev_psize_to_asize(vd, SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE);
 676                 if (offset + asize > vd->vdev_asize) {
 677                         zfs_panic_recover("blkptr at %p DVA %u has invalid "
 678                             "OFFSET %llu",
 679                             bp, i, (longlong_t)offset);
 680                 }
 681         }
 682 }
 683 
 684 zio_t *
 685 zio_read(zio_t *pio, spa_t *spa, const blkptr_t *bp,
 686     void *data, uint64_t size, zio_done_func_t *done, void *private,
 687     zio_priority_t priority, enum zio_flag flags, const zbookmark_phys_t *zb)
 688 {
 689         zio_t *zio;
 690 
 691         zfs_blkptr_verify(spa, bp);
 692 
 693         zio = zio_create(pio, spa, BP_PHYSICAL_BIRTH(bp), bp,
 694             data, size, done, private,
 695             ZIO_TYPE_READ, priority, flags, NULL, 0, zb,
 696             ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, (flags & ZIO_FLAG_DDT_CHILD) ?
 697             ZIO_DDT_CHILD_READ_PIPELINE : ZIO_READ_PIPELINE);
 698 
 699         return (zio);
 700 }
 701 
 702 zio_t *
 703 zio_write(zio_t *pio, spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg, blkptr_t *bp,
 704     void *data, uint64_t size, const zio_prop_t *zp,
 705     zio_done_func_t *ready, zio_done_func_t *physdone, zio_done_func_t *done,
 706     void *private,
 707     zio_priority_t priority, enum zio_flag flags, const zbookmark_phys_t *zb)
 708 {
 709         zio_t *zio;
 710 
 711         ASSERT(zp->zp_checksum >= ZIO_CHECKSUM_OFF &&
 712             zp->zp_checksum < ZIO_CHECKSUM_FUNCTIONS &&
 713             zp->zp_compress >= ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF &&
 714             zp->zp_compress < ZIO_COMPRESS_FUNCTIONS &&
 715             DMU_OT_IS_VALID(zp->zp_type) &&
 716             zp->zp_level < 32 &&
 717             zp->zp_copies > 0 &&
 718             zp->zp_copies <= spa_max_replication(spa));
 719 
 720         zio = zio_create(pio, spa, txg, bp, data, size, done, private,
 721             ZIO_TYPE_WRITE, priority, flags, NULL, 0, zb,
 722             ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, (flags & ZIO_FLAG_DDT_CHILD) ?
 723             ZIO_DDT_CHILD_WRITE_PIPELINE : ZIO_WRITE_PIPELINE);
 724 
 725         zio->io_ready = ready;
 726         zio->io_physdone = physdone;
 727         zio->io_prop = *zp;
 728 
 729         /*
 730          * Data can be NULL if we are going to call zio_write_override() to
 731          * provide the already-allocated BP.  But we may need the data to
 732          * verify a dedup hit (if requested).  In this case, don't try to
 733          * dedup (just take the already-allocated BP verbatim).
 734          */
 735         if (data == NULL && zio->io_prop.zp_dedup_verify) {
 736                 zio->io_prop.zp_dedup = zio->io_prop.zp_dedup_verify = B_FALSE;
 737         }
 738 
 739         return (zio);
 740 }
 741 
 742 zio_t *
 743 zio_rewrite(zio_t *pio, spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg, blkptr_t *bp, void *data,
 744     uint64_t size, zio_done_func_t *done, void *private,
 745     zio_priority_t priority, enum zio_flag flags, zbookmark_phys_t *zb)
 746 {
 747         zio_t *zio;
 748 
 749         zio = zio_create(pio, spa, txg, bp, data, size, done, private,
 750             ZIO_TYPE_WRITE, priority, flags, NULL, 0, zb,
 751             ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, ZIO_REWRITE_PIPELINE);
 752 
 753         return (zio);
 754 }
 755 
 756 void
 757 zio_write_override(zio_t *zio, blkptr_t *bp, int copies, boolean_t nopwrite)
 758 {
 759         ASSERT(zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE);
 760         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
 761         ASSERT(zio->io_stage == ZIO_STAGE_OPEN);
 762         ASSERT(zio->io_txg == spa_syncing_txg(zio->io_spa));
 763 
 764         /*
 765          * We must reset the io_prop to match the values that existed
 766          * when the bp was first written by dmu_sync() keeping in mind
 767          * that nopwrite and dedup are mutually exclusive.
 768          */
 769         zio->io_prop.zp_dedup = nopwrite ? B_FALSE : zio->io_prop.zp_dedup;
 770         zio->io_prop.zp_nopwrite = nopwrite;
 771         zio->io_prop.zp_copies = copies;
 772         zio->io_bp_override = bp;
 773 }
 774 
 775 void
 776 zio_free(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg, const blkptr_t *bp)
 777 {
 778 
 779         /*
 780          * The check for EMBEDDED is a performance optimization.  We
 781          * process the free here (by ignoring it) rather than
 782          * putting it on the list and then processing it in zio_free_sync().
 783          */
 784         if (BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp))
 785                 return;
 786         metaslab_check_free(spa, bp);
 787 
 788         /*
 789          * Frees that are for the currently-syncing txg, are not going to be
 790          * deferred, and which will not need to do a read (i.e. not GANG or
 791          * DEDUP), can be processed immediately.  Otherwise, put them on the
 792          * in-memory list for later processing.
 793          */
 794         if (BP_IS_GANG(bp) || BP_GET_DEDUP(bp) ||
 795             txg != spa->spa_syncing_txg ||
 796             spa_sync_pass(spa) >= zfs_sync_pass_deferred_free) {
 797                 bplist_append(&spa->spa_free_bplist[txg & TXG_MASK], bp);
 798         } else {
 799                 VERIFY0(zio_wait(zio_free_sync(NULL, spa, txg, bp, 0)));
 800         }
 801 }
 802 
 803 zio_t *
 804 zio_free_sync(zio_t *pio, spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg, const blkptr_t *bp,
 805     enum zio_flag flags)
 806 {
 807         zio_t *zio;
 808         enum zio_stage stage = ZIO_FREE_PIPELINE;
 809 
 810         ASSERT(!BP_IS_HOLE(bp));
 811         ASSERT(spa_syncing_txg(spa) == txg);
 812         ASSERT(spa_sync_pass(spa) < zfs_sync_pass_deferred_free);
 813 
 814         if (BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp))
 815                 return (zio_null(pio, spa, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0));
 816 
 817         metaslab_check_free(spa, bp);
 818         arc_freed(spa, bp);
 819 
 820         /*
 821          * GANG and DEDUP blocks can induce a read (for the gang block header,
 822          * or the DDT), so issue them asynchronously so that this thread is
 823          * not tied up.
 824          */
 825         if (BP_IS_GANG(bp) || BP_GET_DEDUP(bp))
 826                 stage |= ZIO_STAGE_ISSUE_ASYNC;
 827 
 828         zio = zio_create(pio, spa, txg, bp, NULL, BP_GET_PSIZE(bp),
 829             NULL, NULL, ZIO_TYPE_FREE, ZIO_PRIORITY_NOW, flags,
 830             NULL, 0, NULL, ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, stage);
 831 
 832         return (zio);
 833 }
 834 
 835 zio_t *
 836 zio_claim(zio_t *pio, spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg, const blkptr_t *bp,
 837     zio_done_func_t *done, void *private, enum zio_flag flags)
 838 {
 839         zio_t *zio;
 840 
 841         dprintf_bp(bp, "claiming in txg %llu", txg);
 842 
 843         if (BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp))
 844                 return (zio_null(pio, spa, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0));
 845 
 846         /*
 847          * A claim is an allocation of a specific block.  Claims are needed
 848          * to support immediate writes in the intent log.  The issue is that
 849          * immediate writes contain committed data, but in a txg that was
 850          * *not* committed.  Upon opening the pool after an unclean shutdown,
 851          * the intent log claims all blocks that contain immediate write data
 852          * so that the SPA knows they're in use.
 853          *
 854          * All claims *must* be resolved in the first txg -- before the SPA
 855          * starts allocating blocks -- so that nothing is allocated twice.
 856          * If txg == 0 we just verify that the block is claimable.
 857          */
 858         ASSERT3U(spa->spa_uberblock.ub_rootbp.blk_birth, <, spa_first_txg(spa));
 859         ASSERT(txg == spa_first_txg(spa) || txg == 0);
 860         ASSERT(!BP_GET_DEDUP(bp) || !spa_writeable(spa));       /* zdb(1M) */
 861 
 862         zio = zio_create(pio, spa, txg, bp, NULL, BP_GET_PSIZE(bp),
 863             done, private, ZIO_TYPE_CLAIM, ZIO_PRIORITY_NOW, flags,
 864             NULL, 0, NULL, ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, ZIO_CLAIM_PIPELINE);
 865 
 866         return (zio);
 867 }
 868 
 869 zio_t *
 870 zio_ioctl(zio_t *pio, spa_t *spa, vdev_t *vd, int cmd,
 871     zio_done_func_t *done, void *private, enum zio_flag flags)
 872 {
 873         zio_t *zio;
 874         int c;
 875 
 876         if (vd->vdev_children == 0) {
 877                 zio = zio_create(pio, spa, 0, NULL, NULL, 0, done, private,
 878                     ZIO_TYPE_IOCTL, ZIO_PRIORITY_NOW, flags, vd, 0, NULL,
 879                     ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, ZIO_IOCTL_PIPELINE);
 880 
 881                 zio->io_cmd = cmd;
 882         } else {
 883                 zio = zio_null(pio, spa, NULL, NULL, NULL, flags);
 884 
 885                 for (c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++)
 886                         zio_nowait(zio_ioctl(zio, spa, vd->vdev_child[c], cmd,
 887                             done, private, flags));
 888         }
 889 
 890         return (zio);
 891 }
 892 
 893 zio_t *
 894 zio_read_phys(zio_t *pio, vdev_t *vd, uint64_t offset, uint64_t size,
 895     void *data, int checksum, zio_done_func_t *done, void *private,
 896     zio_priority_t priority, enum zio_flag flags, boolean_t labels)
 897 {
 898         zio_t *zio;
 899 
 900         ASSERT(vd->vdev_children == 0);
 901         ASSERT(!labels || offset + size <= VDEV_LABEL_START_SIZE ||
 902             offset >= vd->vdev_psize - VDEV_LABEL_END_SIZE);
 903         ASSERT3U(offset + size, <=, vd->vdev_psize);
 904 
 905         zio = zio_create(pio, vd->vdev_spa, 0, NULL, data, size, done, private,
 906             ZIO_TYPE_READ, priority, flags | ZIO_FLAG_PHYSICAL, vd, offset,
 907             NULL, ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, ZIO_READ_PHYS_PIPELINE);
 908 
 909         zio->io_prop.zp_checksum = checksum;
 910 
 911         return (zio);
 912 }
 913 
 914 zio_t *
 915 zio_write_phys(zio_t *pio, vdev_t *vd, uint64_t offset, uint64_t size,
 916     void *data, int checksum, zio_done_func_t *done, void *private,
 917     zio_priority_t priority, enum zio_flag flags, boolean_t labels)
 918 {
 919         zio_t *zio;
 920 
 921         ASSERT(vd->vdev_children == 0);
 922         ASSERT(!labels || offset + size <= VDEV_LABEL_START_SIZE ||
 923             offset >= vd->vdev_psize - VDEV_LABEL_END_SIZE);
 924         ASSERT3U(offset + size, <=, vd->vdev_psize);
 925 
 926         zio = zio_create(pio, vd->vdev_spa, 0, NULL, data, size, done, private,
 927             ZIO_TYPE_WRITE, priority, flags | ZIO_FLAG_PHYSICAL, vd, offset,
 928             NULL, ZIO_STAGE_OPEN, ZIO_WRITE_PHYS_PIPELINE);
 929 
 930         zio->io_prop.zp_checksum = checksum;
 931 
 932         if (zio_checksum_table[checksum].ci_eck) {
 933                 /*
 934                  * zec checksums are necessarily destructive -- they modify
 935                  * the end of the write buffer to hold the verifier/checksum.
 936                  * Therefore, we must make a local copy in case the data is
 937                  * being written to multiple places in parallel.
 938                  */
 939                 void *wbuf = zio_buf_alloc(size);
 940                 bcopy(data, wbuf, size);
 941                 zio_push_transform(zio, wbuf, size, size, NULL);
 942         }
 943 
 944         return (zio);
 945 }
 946 
 947 /*
 948  * Create a child I/O to do some work for us.
 949  */
 950 zio_t *
 951 zio_vdev_child_io(zio_t *pio, blkptr_t *bp, vdev_t *vd, uint64_t offset,
 952         void *data, uint64_t size, int type, zio_priority_t priority,
 953         enum zio_flag flags, zio_done_func_t *done, void *private)
 954 {
 955         enum zio_stage pipeline = ZIO_VDEV_CHILD_PIPELINE;
 956         zio_t *zio;
 957 
 958         ASSERT(vd->vdev_parent ==
 959             (pio->io_vd ? pio->io_vd : pio->io_spa->spa_root_vdev));
 960 
 961         if (type == ZIO_TYPE_READ && bp != NULL) {
 962                 /*
 963                  * If we have the bp, then the child should perform the
 964                  * checksum and the parent need not.  This pushes error
 965                  * detection as close to the leaves as possible and
 966                  * eliminates redundant checksums in the interior nodes.
 967                  */
 968                 pipeline |= ZIO_STAGE_CHECKSUM_VERIFY;
 969                 pio->io_pipeline &= ~ZIO_STAGE_CHECKSUM_VERIFY;
 970         }
 971 
 972         if (vd->vdev_children == 0)
 973                 offset += VDEV_LABEL_START_SIZE;
 974 
 975         flags |= ZIO_VDEV_CHILD_FLAGS(pio) | ZIO_FLAG_DONT_PROPAGATE;
 976 
 977         /*
 978          * If we've decided to do a repair, the write is not speculative --
 979          * even if the original read was.
 980          */
 981         if (flags & ZIO_FLAG_IO_REPAIR)
 982                 flags &= ~ZIO_FLAG_SPECULATIVE;
 983 
 984         zio = zio_create(pio, pio->io_spa, pio->io_txg, bp, data, size,
 985             done, private, type, priority, flags, vd, offset, &pio->io_bookmark,
 986             ZIO_STAGE_VDEV_IO_START >> 1, pipeline);
 987 
 988         zio->io_physdone = pio->io_physdone;
 989         if (vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_leaf && zio->io_logical != NULL)
 990                 zio->io_logical->io_phys_children++;
 991 
 992         return (zio);
 993 }
 994 
 995 zio_t *
 996 zio_vdev_delegated_io(vdev_t *vd, uint64_t offset, void *data, uint64_t size,
 997         int type, zio_priority_t priority, enum zio_flag flags,
 998         zio_done_func_t *done, void *private)
 999 {
1000         zio_t *zio;
1001 
1002         ASSERT(vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_leaf);
1003 
1004         zio = zio_create(NULL, vd->vdev_spa, 0, NULL,
1005             data, size, done, private, type, priority,
1006             flags | ZIO_FLAG_CANFAIL | ZIO_FLAG_DONT_RETRY | ZIO_FLAG_DELEGATED,
1007             vd, offset, NULL,
1008             ZIO_STAGE_VDEV_IO_START >> 1, ZIO_VDEV_CHILD_PIPELINE);
1009 
1010         return (zio);
1011 }
1012 
1013 void
1014 zio_flush(zio_t *zio, vdev_t *vd)
1015 {
1016         zio_nowait(zio_ioctl(zio, zio->io_spa, vd, DKIOCFLUSHWRITECACHE,
1017             NULL, NULL,
1018             ZIO_FLAG_CANFAIL | ZIO_FLAG_DONT_PROPAGATE | ZIO_FLAG_DONT_RETRY));
1019 }
1020 
1021 void
1022 zio_shrink(zio_t *zio, uint64_t size)
1023 {
1024         ASSERT(zio->io_executor == NULL);
1025         ASSERT(zio->io_orig_size == zio->io_size);
1026         ASSERT(size <= zio->io_size);
1027 
1028         /*
1029          * We don't shrink for raidz because of problems with the
1030          * reconstruction when reading back less than the block size.
1031          * Note, BP_IS_RAIDZ() assumes no compression.
1032          */
1033         ASSERT(BP_GET_COMPRESS(zio->io_bp) == ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF);
1034         if (!BP_IS_RAIDZ(zio->io_bp))
1035                 zio->io_orig_size = zio->io_size = size;
1036 }
1037 
1038 /*
1039  * ==========================================================================
1040  * Prepare to read and write logical blocks
1041  * ==========================================================================
1042  */
1043 
1044 static int
1045 zio_read_bp_init(zio_t *zio)
1046 {
1047         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
1048 
1049         if (BP_GET_COMPRESS(bp) != ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF &&
1050             zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL &&
1051             !(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_RAW)) {
1052                 uint64_t psize =
1053                     BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp) ? BPE_GET_PSIZE(bp) : BP_GET_PSIZE(bp);
1054                 void *cbuf = zio_buf_alloc(psize);
1055 
1056                 zio_push_transform(zio, cbuf, psize, psize, zio_decompress);
1057         }
1058 
1059         if (BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp) && BPE_GET_ETYPE(bp) == BP_EMBEDDED_TYPE_DATA) {
1060                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
1061                 decode_embedded_bp_compressed(bp, zio->io_data);
1062         } else {
1063                 ASSERT(!BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp));
1064         }
1065 
1066         if (!DMU_OT_IS_METADATA(BP_GET_TYPE(bp)) && BP_GET_LEVEL(bp) == 0)
1067                 zio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_DONT_CACHE;
1068 
1069         if (BP_GET_TYPE(bp) == DMU_OT_DDT_ZAP)
1070                 zio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_DONT_CACHE;
1071 
1072         if (BP_GET_DEDUP(bp) && zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL)
1073                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_DDT_READ_PIPELINE;
1074 
1075         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1076 }
1077 
1078 static int
1079 zio_write_bp_init(zio_t *zio)
1080 {
1081         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
1082         zio_prop_t *zp = &zio->io_prop;
1083         enum zio_compress compress = zp->zp_compress;
1084         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
1085         uint64_t lsize = zio->io_size;
1086         uint64_t psize = lsize;
1087         int pass = 1;
1088 
1089         /*
1090          * If our children haven't all reached the ready stage,
1091          * wait for them and then repeat this pipeline stage.
1092          */
1093         if (zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_GANG, ZIO_WAIT_READY) ||
1094             zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL, ZIO_WAIT_READY))
1095                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
1096 
1097         if (!IO_IS_ALLOCATING(zio))
1098                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1099 
1100         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type != ZIO_CHILD_DDT);
1101 
1102         if (zio->io_bp_override) {
1103                 ASSERT(bp->blk_birth != zio->io_txg);
1104                 ASSERT(BP_GET_DEDUP(zio->io_bp_override) == 0);
1105 
1106                 *bp = *zio->io_bp_override;
1107                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
1108 
1109                 if (BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp))
1110                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1111 
1112                 /*
1113                  * If we've been overridden and nopwrite is set then
1114                  * set the flag accordingly to indicate that a nopwrite
1115                  * has already occurred.
1116                  */
1117                 if (!BP_IS_HOLE(bp) && zp->zp_nopwrite) {
1118                         ASSERT(!zp->zp_dedup);
1119                         zio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_NOPWRITE;
1120                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1121                 }
1122 
1123                 ASSERT(!zp->zp_nopwrite);
1124 
1125                 if (BP_IS_HOLE(bp) || !zp->zp_dedup)
1126                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1127 
1128                 ASSERT(zio_checksum_table[zp->zp_checksum].ci_dedup ||
1129                     zp->zp_dedup_verify);
1130 
1131                 if (BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp) == zp->zp_checksum) {
1132                         BP_SET_DEDUP(bp, 1);
1133                         zio->io_pipeline |= ZIO_STAGE_DDT_WRITE;
1134                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1135                 }
1136         }
1137 
1138         if (!BP_IS_HOLE(bp) && bp->blk_birth == zio->io_txg) {
1139                 /*
1140                  * We're rewriting an existing block, which means we're
1141                  * working on behalf of spa_sync().  For spa_sync() to
1142                  * converge, it must eventually be the case that we don't
1143                  * have to allocate new blocks.  But compression changes
1144                  * the blocksize, which forces a reallocate, and makes
1145                  * convergence take longer.  Therefore, after the first
1146                  * few passes, stop compressing to ensure convergence.
1147                  */
1148                 pass = spa_sync_pass(spa);
1149 
1150                 ASSERT(zio->io_txg == spa_syncing_txg(spa));
1151                 ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
1152                 ASSERT(!BP_GET_DEDUP(bp));
1153 
1154                 if (pass >= zfs_sync_pass_dont_compress)
1155                         compress = ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF;
1156 
1157                 /* Make sure someone doesn't change their mind on overwrites */
1158                 ASSERT(BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp) || MIN(zp->zp_copies + BP_IS_GANG(bp),
1159                     spa_max_replication(spa)) == BP_GET_NDVAS(bp));
1160         }
1161 
1162         if (compress != ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF) {
1163                 void *cbuf = zio_buf_alloc(lsize);
1164                 psize = zio_compress_data(compress, zio->io_data, cbuf, lsize);
1165                 if (psize == 0 || psize == lsize) {
1166                         compress = ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF;
1167                         zio_buf_free(cbuf, lsize);
1168                 } else if (!zp->zp_dedup && psize <= BPE_PAYLOAD_SIZE &&
1169                     zp->zp_level == 0 && !DMU_OT_HAS_FILL(zp->zp_type) &&
1170                     spa_feature_is_enabled(spa, SPA_FEATURE_EMBEDDED_DATA)) {
1171                         encode_embedded_bp_compressed(bp,
1172                             cbuf, compress, lsize, psize);
1173                         BPE_SET_ETYPE(bp, BP_EMBEDDED_TYPE_DATA);
1174                         BP_SET_TYPE(bp, zio->io_prop.zp_type);
1175                         BP_SET_LEVEL(bp, zio->io_prop.zp_level);
1176                         zio_buf_free(cbuf, lsize);
1177                         bp->blk_birth = zio->io_txg;
1178                         zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
1179                         ASSERT(spa_feature_is_active(spa,
1180                             SPA_FEATURE_EMBEDDED_DATA));
1181                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1182                 } else {
1183                         /*
1184                          * Round up compressed size to MINBLOCKSIZE and
1185                          * zero the tail.
1186                          */
1187                         size_t rounded =
1188                             P2ROUNDUP(psize, (size_t)SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE);
1189                         if (rounded > psize) {
1190                                 bzero((char *)cbuf + psize, rounded - psize);
1191                                 psize = rounded;
1192                         }
1193                         if (psize == lsize) {
1194                                 compress = ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF;
1195                                 zio_buf_free(cbuf, lsize);
1196                         } else {
1197                                 zio_push_transform(zio, cbuf,
1198                                     psize, lsize, NULL);
1199                         }
1200                 }
1201         }
1202 
1203         /*
1204          * The final pass of spa_sync() must be all rewrites, but the first
1205          * few passes offer a trade-off: allocating blocks defers convergence,
1206          * but newly allocated blocks are sequential, so they can be written
1207          * to disk faster.  Therefore, we allow the first few passes of
1208          * spa_sync() to allocate new blocks, but force rewrites after that.
1209          * There should only be a handful of blocks after pass 1 in any case.
1210          */
1211         if (!BP_IS_HOLE(bp) && bp->blk_birth == zio->io_txg &&
1212             BP_GET_PSIZE(bp) == psize &&
1213             pass >= zfs_sync_pass_rewrite) {
1214                 ASSERT(psize != 0);
1215                 enum zio_stage gang_stages = zio->io_pipeline & ZIO_GANG_STAGES;
1216                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_REWRITE_PIPELINE | gang_stages;
1217                 zio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_IO_REWRITE;
1218         } else {
1219                 BP_ZERO(bp);
1220                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_WRITE_PIPELINE;
1221         }
1222 
1223         if (psize == 0) {
1224                 if (zio->io_bp_orig.blk_birth != 0 &&
1225                     spa_feature_is_active(spa, SPA_FEATURE_HOLE_BIRTH)) {
1226                         BP_SET_LSIZE(bp, lsize);
1227                         BP_SET_TYPE(bp, zp->zp_type);
1228                         BP_SET_LEVEL(bp, zp->zp_level);
1229                         BP_SET_BIRTH(bp, zio->io_txg, 0);
1230                 }
1231                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
1232         } else {
1233                 ASSERT(zp->zp_checksum != ZIO_CHECKSUM_GANG_HEADER);
1234                 BP_SET_LSIZE(bp, lsize);
1235                 BP_SET_TYPE(bp, zp->zp_type);
1236                 BP_SET_LEVEL(bp, zp->zp_level);
1237                 BP_SET_PSIZE(bp, psize);
1238                 BP_SET_COMPRESS(bp, compress);
1239                 BP_SET_CHECKSUM(bp, zp->zp_checksum);
1240                 BP_SET_DEDUP(bp, zp->zp_dedup);
1241                 BP_SET_BYTEORDER(bp, ZFS_HOST_BYTEORDER);
1242                 if (zp->zp_dedup) {
1243                         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
1244                         ASSERT(!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_IO_REWRITE));
1245                         zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_DDT_WRITE_PIPELINE;
1246                 }
1247                 if (zp->zp_nopwrite) {
1248                         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
1249                         ASSERT(!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_IO_REWRITE));
1250                         zio->io_pipeline |= ZIO_STAGE_NOP_WRITE;
1251                 }
1252         }
1253 
1254         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1255 }
1256 
1257 static int
1258 zio_free_bp_init(zio_t *zio)
1259 {
1260         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
1261 
1262         if (zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL) {
1263                 if (BP_GET_DEDUP(bp))
1264                         zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_DDT_FREE_PIPELINE;
1265         }
1266 
1267         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1268 }
1269 
1270 /*
1271  * ==========================================================================
1272  * Execute the I/O pipeline
1273  * ==========================================================================
1274  */
1275 
1276 static void
1277 zio_taskq_dispatch(zio_t *zio, zio_taskq_type_t q, boolean_t cutinline)
1278 {
1279         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
1280         zio_type_t t = zio->io_type;
1281         int flags = (cutinline ? TQ_FRONT : 0);
1282 
1283         /*
1284          * If we're a config writer or a probe, the normal issue and
1285          * interrupt threads may all be blocked waiting for the config lock.
1286          * In this case, select the otherwise-unused taskq for ZIO_TYPE_NULL.
1287          */
1288         if (zio->io_flags & (ZIO_FLAG_CONFIG_WRITER | ZIO_FLAG_PROBE))
1289                 t = ZIO_TYPE_NULL;
1290 
1291         /*
1292          * A similar issue exists for the L2ARC write thread until L2ARC 2.0.
1293          */
1294         if (t == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE && zio->io_vd && zio->io_vd->vdev_aux)
1295                 t = ZIO_TYPE_NULL;
1296 
1297         /*
1298          * If this is a high priority I/O, then use the high priority taskq if
1299          * available.
1300          */
1301         if (zio->io_priority == ZIO_PRIORITY_NOW &&
1302             spa->spa_zio_taskq[t][q + 1].stqs_count != 0)
1303                 q++;
1304 
1305         ASSERT3U(q, <, ZIO_TASKQ_TYPES);
1306 
1307         /*
1308          * NB: We are assuming that the zio can only be dispatched
1309          * to a single taskq at a time.  It would be a grievous error
1310          * to dispatch the zio to another taskq at the same time.
1311          */
1312         ASSERT(zio->io_tqent.tqent_next == NULL);
1313         spa_taskq_dispatch_ent(spa, t, q, (task_func_t *)zio_execute, zio,
1314             flags, &zio->io_tqent);
1315 }
1316 
1317 static boolean_t
1318 zio_taskq_member(zio_t *zio, zio_taskq_type_t q)
1319 {
1320         kthread_t *executor = zio->io_executor;
1321         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
1322 
1323         for (zio_type_t t = 0; t < ZIO_TYPES; t++) {
1324                 spa_taskqs_t *tqs = &spa->spa_zio_taskq[t][q];
1325                 uint_t i;
1326                 for (i = 0; i < tqs->stqs_count; i++) {
1327                         if (taskq_member(tqs->stqs_taskq[i], executor))
1328                                 return (B_TRUE);
1329                 }
1330         }
1331 
1332         return (B_FALSE);
1333 }
1334 
1335 static int
1336 zio_issue_async(zio_t *zio)
1337 {
1338         zio_taskq_dispatch(zio, ZIO_TASKQ_ISSUE, B_FALSE);
1339 
1340         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
1341 }
1342 
1343 void
1344 zio_interrupt(zio_t *zio)
1345 {
1346         zio_taskq_dispatch(zio, ZIO_TASKQ_INTERRUPT, B_FALSE);
1347 }
1348 
1349 /*
1350  * Execute the I/O pipeline until one of the following occurs:
1351  *
1352  *      (1) the I/O completes
1353  *      (2) the pipeline stalls waiting for dependent child I/Os
1354  *      (3) the I/O issues, so we're waiting for an I/O completion interrupt
1355  *      (4) the I/O is delegated by vdev-level caching or aggregation
1356  *      (5) the I/O is deferred due to vdev-level queueing
1357  *      (6) the I/O is handed off to another thread.
1358  *
1359  * In all cases, the pipeline stops whenever there's no CPU work; it never
1360  * burns a thread in cv_wait().
1361  *
1362  * There's no locking on io_stage because there's no legitimate way
1363  * for multiple threads to be attempting to process the same I/O.
1364  */
1365 static zio_pipe_stage_t *zio_pipeline[];
1366 
1367 void
1368 zio_execute(zio_t *zio)
1369 {
1370         zio->io_executor = curthread;
1371 
1372         while (zio->io_stage < ZIO_STAGE_DONE) {
1373                 enum zio_stage pipeline = zio->io_pipeline;
1374                 enum zio_stage stage = zio->io_stage;
1375                 int rv;
1376 
1377                 ASSERT(!MUTEX_HELD(&zio->io_lock));
1378                 ASSERT(ISP2(stage));
1379                 ASSERT(zio->io_stall == NULL);
1380 
1381                 do {
1382                         stage <<= 1;
1383                 } while ((stage & pipeline) == 0);
1384 
1385                 ASSERT(stage <= ZIO_STAGE_DONE);
1386 
1387                 /*
1388                  * If we are in interrupt context and this pipeline stage
1389                  * will grab a config lock that is held across I/O,
1390                  * or may wait for an I/O that needs an interrupt thread
1391                  * to complete, issue async to avoid deadlock.
1392                  *
1393                  * For VDEV_IO_START, we cut in line so that the io will
1394                  * be sent to disk promptly.
1395                  */
1396                 if ((stage & ZIO_BLOCKING_STAGES) && zio->io_vd == NULL &&
1397                     zio_taskq_member(zio, ZIO_TASKQ_INTERRUPT)) {
1398                         boolean_t cut = (stage == ZIO_STAGE_VDEV_IO_START) ?
1399                             zio_requeue_io_start_cut_in_line : B_FALSE;
1400                         zio_taskq_dispatch(zio, ZIO_TASKQ_ISSUE, cut);
1401                         return;
1402                 }
1403 
1404                 zio->io_stage = stage;
1405                 rv = zio_pipeline[highbit64(stage) - 1](zio);
1406 
1407                 if (rv == ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP)
1408                         return;
1409 
1410                 ASSERT(rv == ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1411         }
1412 }
1413 
1414 /*
1415  * ==========================================================================
1416  * Initiate I/O, either sync or async
1417  * ==========================================================================
1418  */
1419 int
1420 zio_wait(zio_t *zio)
1421 {
1422         int error;
1423 
1424         ASSERT(zio->io_stage == ZIO_STAGE_OPEN);
1425         ASSERT(zio->io_executor == NULL);
1426 
1427         zio->io_waiter = curthread;
1428 
1429         zio_execute(zio);
1430 
1431         mutex_enter(&zio->io_lock);
1432         while (zio->io_executor != NULL)
1433                 cv_wait(&zio->io_cv, &zio->io_lock);
1434         mutex_exit(&zio->io_lock);
1435 
1436         error = zio->io_error;
1437         zio_destroy(zio);
1438 
1439         return (error);
1440 }
1441 
1442 void
1443 zio_nowait(zio_t *zio)
1444 {
1445         ASSERT(zio->io_executor == NULL);
1446 
1447         if (zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL &&
1448             zio_unique_parent(zio) == NULL) {
1449                 /*
1450                  * This is a logical async I/O with no parent to wait for it.
1451                  * We add it to the spa_async_root_zio "Godfather" I/O which
1452                  * will ensure they complete prior to unloading the pool.
1453                  */
1454                 spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
1455 
1456                 zio_add_child(spa->spa_async_zio_root[CPU_SEQID], zio);
1457         }
1458 
1459         zio_execute(zio);
1460 }
1461 
1462 /*
1463  * ==========================================================================
1464  * Reexecute or suspend/resume failed I/O
1465  * ==========================================================================
1466  */
1467 
1468 static void
1469 zio_reexecute(zio_t *pio)
1470 {
1471         zio_t *cio, *cio_next;
1472 
1473         ASSERT(pio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
1474         ASSERT(pio->io_orig_stage == ZIO_STAGE_OPEN);
1475         ASSERT(pio->io_gang_leader == NULL);
1476         ASSERT(pio->io_gang_tree == NULL);
1477 
1478         pio->io_flags = pio->io_orig_flags;
1479         pio->io_stage = pio->io_orig_stage;
1480         pio->io_pipeline = pio->io_orig_pipeline;
1481         pio->io_reexecute = 0;
1482         pio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_REEXECUTED;
1483         pio->io_error = 0;
1484         for (int w = 0; w < ZIO_WAIT_TYPES; w++)
1485                 pio->io_state[w] = 0;
1486         for (int c = 0; c < ZIO_CHILD_TYPES; c++)
1487                 pio->io_child_error[c] = 0;
1488 
1489         if (IO_IS_ALLOCATING(pio))
1490                 BP_ZERO(pio->io_bp);
1491 
1492         /*
1493          * As we reexecute pio's children, new children could be created.
1494          * New children go to the head of pio's io_child_list, however,
1495          * so we will (correctly) not reexecute them.  The key is that
1496          * the remainder of pio's io_child_list, from 'cio_next' onward,
1497          * cannot be affected by any side effects of reexecuting 'cio'.
1498          */
1499         for (cio = zio_walk_children(pio); cio != NULL; cio = cio_next) {
1500                 cio_next = zio_walk_children(pio);
1501                 mutex_enter(&pio->io_lock);
1502                 for (int w = 0; w < ZIO_WAIT_TYPES; w++)
1503                         pio->io_children[cio->io_child_type][w]++;
1504                 mutex_exit(&pio->io_lock);
1505                 zio_reexecute(cio);
1506         }
1507 
1508         /*
1509          * Now that all children have been reexecuted, execute the parent.
1510          * We don't reexecute "The Godfather" I/O here as it's the
1511          * responsibility of the caller to wait on him.
1512          */
1513         if (!(pio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_GODFATHER))
1514                 zio_execute(pio);
1515 }
1516 
1517 void
1518 zio_suspend(spa_t *spa, zio_t *zio)
1519 {
1520         if (spa_get_failmode(spa) == ZIO_FAILURE_MODE_PANIC)
1521                 fm_panic("Pool '%s' has encountered an uncorrectable I/O "
1522                     "failure and the failure mode property for this pool "
1523                     "is set to panic.", spa_name(spa));
1524 
1525         zfs_ereport_post(FM_EREPORT_ZFS_IO_FAILURE, spa, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
1526 
1527         mutex_enter(&spa->spa_suspend_lock);
1528 
1529         if (spa->spa_suspend_zio_root == NULL)
1530                 spa->spa_suspend_zio_root = zio_root(spa, NULL, NULL,
1531                     ZIO_FLAG_CANFAIL | ZIO_FLAG_SPECULATIVE |
1532                     ZIO_FLAG_GODFATHER);
1533 
1534         spa->spa_suspended = B_TRUE;
1535 
1536         if (zio != NULL) {
1537                 ASSERT(!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_GODFATHER));
1538                 ASSERT(zio != spa->spa_suspend_zio_root);
1539                 ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
1540                 ASSERT(zio_unique_parent(zio) == NULL);
1541                 ASSERT(zio->io_stage == ZIO_STAGE_DONE);
1542                 zio_add_child(spa->spa_suspend_zio_root, zio);
1543         }
1544 
1545         mutex_exit(&spa->spa_suspend_lock);
1546 }
1547 
1548 int
1549 zio_resume(spa_t *spa)
1550 {
1551         zio_t *pio;
1552 
1553         /*
1554          * Reexecute all previously suspended i/o.
1555          */
1556         mutex_enter(&spa->spa_suspend_lock);
1557         spa->spa_suspended = B_FALSE;
1558         cv_broadcast(&spa->spa_suspend_cv);
1559         pio = spa->spa_suspend_zio_root;
1560         spa->spa_suspend_zio_root = NULL;
1561         mutex_exit(&spa->spa_suspend_lock);
1562 
1563         if (pio == NULL)
1564                 return (0);
1565 
1566         zio_reexecute(pio);
1567         return (zio_wait(pio));
1568 }
1569 
1570 void
1571 zio_resume_wait(spa_t *spa)
1572 {
1573         mutex_enter(&spa->spa_suspend_lock);
1574         while (spa_suspended(spa))
1575                 cv_wait(&spa->spa_suspend_cv, &spa->spa_suspend_lock);
1576         mutex_exit(&spa->spa_suspend_lock);
1577 }
1578 
1579 /*
1580  * ==========================================================================
1581  * Gang blocks.
1582  *
1583  * A gang block is a collection of small blocks that looks to the DMU
1584  * like one large block.  When zio_dva_allocate() cannot find a block
1585  * of the requested size, due to either severe fragmentation or the pool
1586  * being nearly full, it calls zio_write_gang_block() to construct the
1587  * block from smaller fragments.
1588  *
1589  * A gang block consists of a gang header (zio_gbh_phys_t) and up to
1590  * three (SPA_GBH_NBLKPTRS) gang members.  The gang header is just like
1591  * an indirect block: it's an array of block pointers.  It consumes
1592  * only one sector and hence is allocatable regardless of fragmentation.
1593  * The gang header's bps point to its gang members, which hold the data.
1594  *
1595  * Gang blocks are self-checksumming, using the bp's <vdev, offset, txg>
1596  * as the verifier to ensure uniqueness of the SHA256 checksum.
1597  * Critically, the gang block bp's blk_cksum is the checksum of the data,
1598  * not the gang header.  This ensures that data block signatures (needed for
1599  * deduplication) are independent of how the block is physically stored.
1600  *
1601  * Gang blocks can be nested: a gang member may itself be a gang block.
1602  * Thus every gang block is a tree in which root and all interior nodes are
1603  * gang headers, and the leaves are normal blocks that contain user data.
1604  * The root of the gang tree is called the gang leader.
1605  *
1606  * To perform any operation (read, rewrite, free, claim) on a gang block,
1607  * zio_gang_assemble() first assembles the gang tree (minus data leaves)
1608  * in the io_gang_tree field of the original logical i/o by recursively
1609  * reading the gang leader and all gang headers below it.  This yields
1610  * an in-core tree containing the contents of every gang header and the
1611  * bps for every constituent of the gang block.
1612  *
1613  * With the gang tree now assembled, zio_gang_issue() just walks the gang tree
1614  * and invokes a callback on each bp.  To free a gang block, zio_gang_issue()
1615  * calls zio_free_gang() -- a trivial wrapper around zio_free() -- for each bp.
1616  * zio_claim_gang() provides a similarly trivial wrapper for zio_claim().
1617  * zio_read_gang() is a wrapper around zio_read() that omits reading gang
1618  * headers, since we already have those in io_gang_tree.  zio_rewrite_gang()
1619  * performs a zio_rewrite() of the data or, for gang headers, a zio_rewrite()
1620  * of the gang header plus zio_checksum_compute() of the data to update the
1621  * gang header's blk_cksum as described above.
1622  *
1623  * The two-phase assemble/issue model solves the problem of partial failure --
1624  * what if you'd freed part of a gang block but then couldn't read the
1625  * gang header for another part?  Assembling the entire gang tree first
1626  * ensures that all the necessary gang header I/O has succeeded before
1627  * starting the actual work of free, claim, or write.  Once the gang tree
1628  * is assembled, free and claim are in-memory operations that cannot fail.
1629  *
1630  * In the event that a gang write fails, zio_dva_unallocate() walks the
1631  * gang tree to immediately free (i.e. insert back into the space map)
1632  * everything we've allocated.  This ensures that we don't get ENOSPC
1633  * errors during repeated suspend/resume cycles due to a flaky device.
1634  *
1635  * Gang rewrites only happen during sync-to-convergence.  If we can't assemble
1636  * the gang tree, we won't modify the block, so we can safely defer the free
1637  * (knowing that the block is still intact).  If we *can* assemble the gang
1638  * tree, then even if some of the rewrites fail, zio_dva_unallocate() will free
1639  * each constituent bp and we can allocate a new block on the next sync pass.
1640  *
1641  * In all cases, the gang tree allows complete recovery from partial failure.
1642  * ==========================================================================
1643  */
1644 
1645 static zio_t *
1646 zio_read_gang(zio_t *pio, blkptr_t *bp, zio_gang_node_t *gn, void *data)
1647 {
1648         if (gn != NULL)
1649                 return (pio);
1650 
1651         return (zio_read(pio, pio->io_spa, bp, data, BP_GET_PSIZE(bp),
1652             NULL, NULL, pio->io_priority, ZIO_GANG_CHILD_FLAGS(pio),
1653             &pio->io_bookmark));
1654 }
1655 
1656 zio_t *
1657 zio_rewrite_gang(zio_t *pio, blkptr_t *bp, zio_gang_node_t *gn, void *data)
1658 {
1659         zio_t *zio;
1660 
1661         if (gn != NULL) {
1662                 zio = zio_rewrite(pio, pio->io_spa, pio->io_txg, bp,
1663                     gn->gn_gbh, SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE, NULL, NULL, pio->io_priority,
1664                     ZIO_GANG_CHILD_FLAGS(pio), &pio->io_bookmark);
1665                 /*
1666                  * As we rewrite each gang header, the pipeline will compute
1667                  * a new gang block header checksum for it; but no one will
1668                  * compute a new data checksum, so we do that here.  The one
1669                  * exception is the gang leader: the pipeline already computed
1670                  * its data checksum because that stage precedes gang assembly.
1671                  * (Presently, nothing actually uses interior data checksums;
1672                  * this is just good hygiene.)
1673                  */
1674                 if (gn != pio->io_gang_leader->io_gang_tree) {
1675                         zio_checksum_compute(zio, BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp),
1676                             data, BP_GET_PSIZE(bp));
1677                 }
1678                 /*
1679                  * If we are here to damage data for testing purposes,
1680                  * leave the GBH alone so that we can detect the damage.
1681                  */
1682                 if (pio->io_gang_leader->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_INDUCE_DAMAGE)
1683                         zio->io_pipeline &= ~ZIO_VDEV_IO_STAGES;
1684         } else {
1685                 zio = zio_rewrite(pio, pio->io_spa, pio->io_txg, bp,
1686                     data, BP_GET_PSIZE(bp), NULL, NULL, pio->io_priority,
1687                     ZIO_GANG_CHILD_FLAGS(pio), &pio->io_bookmark);
1688         }
1689 
1690         return (zio);
1691 }
1692 
1693 /* ARGSUSED */
1694 zio_t *
1695 zio_free_gang(zio_t *pio, blkptr_t *bp, zio_gang_node_t *gn, void *data)
1696 {
1697         return (zio_free_sync(pio, pio->io_spa, pio->io_txg, bp,
1698             ZIO_GANG_CHILD_FLAGS(pio)));
1699 }
1700 
1701 /* ARGSUSED */
1702 zio_t *
1703 zio_claim_gang(zio_t *pio, blkptr_t *bp, zio_gang_node_t *gn, void *data)
1704 {
1705         return (zio_claim(pio, pio->io_spa, pio->io_txg, bp,
1706             NULL, NULL, ZIO_GANG_CHILD_FLAGS(pio)));
1707 }
1708 
1709 static zio_gang_issue_func_t *zio_gang_issue_func[ZIO_TYPES] = {
1710         NULL,
1711         zio_read_gang,
1712         zio_rewrite_gang,
1713         zio_free_gang,
1714         zio_claim_gang,
1715         NULL
1716 };
1717 
1718 static void zio_gang_tree_assemble_done(zio_t *zio);
1719 
1720 static zio_gang_node_t *
1721 zio_gang_node_alloc(zio_gang_node_t **gnpp)
1722 {
1723         zio_gang_node_t *gn;
1724 
1725         ASSERT(*gnpp == NULL);
1726 
1727         gn = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (*gn), KM_SLEEP);
1728         gn->gn_gbh = zio_buf_alloc(SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE);
1729         *gnpp = gn;
1730 
1731         return (gn);
1732 }
1733 
1734 static void
1735 zio_gang_node_free(zio_gang_node_t **gnpp)
1736 {
1737         zio_gang_node_t *gn = *gnpp;
1738 
1739         for (int g = 0; g < SPA_GBH_NBLKPTRS; g++)
1740                 ASSERT(gn->gn_child[g] == NULL);
1741 
1742         zio_buf_free(gn->gn_gbh, SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE);
1743         kmem_free(gn, sizeof (*gn));
1744         *gnpp = NULL;
1745 }
1746 
1747 static void
1748 zio_gang_tree_free(zio_gang_node_t **gnpp)
1749 {
1750         zio_gang_node_t *gn = *gnpp;
1751 
1752         if (gn == NULL)
1753                 return;
1754 
1755         for (int g = 0; g < SPA_GBH_NBLKPTRS; g++)
1756                 zio_gang_tree_free(&gn->gn_child[g]);
1757 
1758         zio_gang_node_free(gnpp);
1759 }
1760 
1761 static void
1762 zio_gang_tree_assemble(zio_t *gio, blkptr_t *bp, zio_gang_node_t **gnpp)
1763 {
1764         zio_gang_node_t *gn = zio_gang_node_alloc(gnpp);
1765 
1766         ASSERT(gio->io_gang_leader == gio);
1767         ASSERT(BP_IS_GANG(bp));
1768 
1769         zio_nowait(zio_read(gio, gio->io_spa, bp, gn->gn_gbh,
1770             SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE, zio_gang_tree_assemble_done, gn,
1771             gio->io_priority, ZIO_GANG_CHILD_FLAGS(gio), &gio->io_bookmark));
1772 }
1773 
1774 static void
1775 zio_gang_tree_assemble_done(zio_t *zio)
1776 {
1777         zio_t *gio = zio->io_gang_leader;
1778         zio_gang_node_t *gn = zio->io_private;
1779         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
1780 
1781         ASSERT(gio == zio_unique_parent(zio));
1782         ASSERT(zio->io_child_count == 0);
1783 
1784         if (zio->io_error)
1785                 return;
1786 
1787         if (BP_SHOULD_BYTESWAP(bp))
1788                 byteswap_uint64_array(zio->io_data, zio->io_size);
1789 
1790         ASSERT(zio->io_data == gn->gn_gbh);
1791         ASSERT(zio->io_size == SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE);
1792         ASSERT(gn->gn_gbh->zg_tail.zec_magic == ZEC_MAGIC);
1793 
1794         for (int g = 0; g < SPA_GBH_NBLKPTRS; g++) {
1795                 blkptr_t *gbp = &gn->gn_gbh->zg_blkptr[g];
1796                 if (!BP_IS_GANG(gbp))
1797                         continue;
1798                 zio_gang_tree_assemble(gio, gbp, &gn->gn_child[g]);
1799         }
1800 }
1801 
1802 static void
1803 zio_gang_tree_issue(zio_t *pio, zio_gang_node_t *gn, blkptr_t *bp, void *data)
1804 {
1805         zio_t *gio = pio->io_gang_leader;
1806         zio_t *zio;
1807 
1808         ASSERT(BP_IS_GANG(bp) == !!gn);
1809         ASSERT(BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp) == BP_GET_CHECKSUM(gio->io_bp));
1810         ASSERT(BP_GET_LSIZE(bp) == BP_GET_PSIZE(bp) || gn == gio->io_gang_tree);
1811 
1812         /*
1813          * If you're a gang header, your data is in gn->gn_gbh.
1814          * If you're a gang member, your data is in 'data' and gn == NULL.
1815          */
1816         zio = zio_gang_issue_func[gio->io_type](pio, bp, gn, data);
1817 
1818         if (gn != NULL) {
1819                 ASSERT(gn->gn_gbh->zg_tail.zec_magic == ZEC_MAGIC);
1820 
1821                 for (int g = 0; g < SPA_GBH_NBLKPTRS; g++) {
1822                         blkptr_t *gbp = &gn->gn_gbh->zg_blkptr[g];
1823                         if (BP_IS_HOLE(gbp))
1824                                 continue;
1825                         zio_gang_tree_issue(zio, gn->gn_child[g], gbp, data);
1826                         data = (char *)data + BP_GET_PSIZE(gbp);
1827                 }
1828         }
1829 
1830         if (gn == gio->io_gang_tree)
1831                 ASSERT3P((char *)gio->io_data + gio->io_size, ==, data);
1832 
1833         if (zio != pio)
1834                 zio_nowait(zio);
1835 }
1836 
1837 static int
1838 zio_gang_assemble(zio_t *zio)
1839 {
1840         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
1841 
1842         ASSERT(BP_IS_GANG(bp) && zio->io_gang_leader == NULL);
1843         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type > ZIO_CHILD_GANG);
1844 
1845         zio->io_gang_leader = zio;
1846 
1847         zio_gang_tree_assemble(zio, bp, &zio->io_gang_tree);
1848 
1849         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1850 }
1851 
1852 static int
1853 zio_gang_issue(zio_t *zio)
1854 {
1855         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
1856 
1857         if (zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_GANG, ZIO_WAIT_DONE))
1858                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
1859 
1860         ASSERT(BP_IS_GANG(bp) && zio->io_gang_leader == zio);
1861         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type > ZIO_CHILD_GANG);
1862 
1863         if (zio->io_child_error[ZIO_CHILD_GANG] == 0)
1864                 zio_gang_tree_issue(zio, zio->io_gang_tree, bp, zio->io_data);
1865         else
1866                 zio_gang_tree_free(&zio->io_gang_tree);
1867 
1868         zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
1869 
1870         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1871 }
1872 
1873 static void
1874 zio_write_gang_member_ready(zio_t *zio)
1875 {
1876         zio_t *pio = zio_unique_parent(zio);
1877         zio_t *gio = zio->io_gang_leader;
1878         dva_t *cdva = zio->io_bp->blk_dva;
1879         dva_t *pdva = pio->io_bp->blk_dva;
1880         uint64_t asize;
1881 
1882         if (BP_IS_HOLE(zio->io_bp))
1883                 return;
1884 
1885         ASSERT(BP_IS_HOLE(&zio->io_bp_orig));
1886 
1887         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_GANG);
1888         ASSERT3U(zio->io_prop.zp_copies, ==, gio->io_prop.zp_copies);
1889         ASSERT3U(zio->io_prop.zp_copies, <=, BP_GET_NDVAS(zio->io_bp));
1890         ASSERT3U(pio->io_prop.zp_copies, <=, BP_GET_NDVAS(pio->io_bp));
1891         ASSERT3U(BP_GET_NDVAS(zio->io_bp), <=, BP_GET_NDVAS(pio->io_bp));
1892 
1893         mutex_enter(&pio->io_lock);
1894         for (int d = 0; d < BP_GET_NDVAS(zio->io_bp); d++) {
1895                 ASSERT(DVA_GET_GANG(&pdva[d]));
1896                 asize = DVA_GET_ASIZE(&pdva[d]);
1897                 asize += DVA_GET_ASIZE(&cdva[d]);
1898                 DVA_SET_ASIZE(&pdva[d], asize);
1899         }
1900         mutex_exit(&pio->io_lock);
1901 }
1902 
1903 static int
1904 zio_write_gang_block(zio_t *pio)
1905 {
1906         spa_t *spa = pio->io_spa;
1907         blkptr_t *bp = pio->io_bp;
1908         zio_t *gio = pio->io_gang_leader;
1909         zio_t *zio;
1910         zio_gang_node_t *gn, **gnpp;
1911         zio_gbh_phys_t *gbh;
1912         uint64_t txg = pio->io_txg;
1913         uint64_t resid = pio->io_size;
1914         uint64_t lsize;
1915         int copies = gio->io_prop.zp_copies;
1916         int gbh_copies = MIN(copies + 1, spa_max_replication(spa));
1917         zio_prop_t zp;
1918         int error;
1919 
1920         error = metaslab_alloc(spa, spa_normal_class(spa), SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE,
1921             bp, gbh_copies, txg, pio == gio ? NULL : gio->io_bp,
1922             METASLAB_HINTBP_FAVOR | METASLAB_GANG_HEADER);
1923         if (error) {
1924                 pio->io_error = error;
1925                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1926         }
1927 
1928         if (pio == gio) {
1929                 gnpp = &gio->io_gang_tree;
1930         } else {
1931                 gnpp = pio->io_private;
1932                 ASSERT(pio->io_ready == zio_write_gang_member_ready);
1933         }
1934 
1935         gn = zio_gang_node_alloc(gnpp);
1936         gbh = gn->gn_gbh;
1937         bzero(gbh, SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE);
1938 
1939         /*
1940          * Create the gang header.
1941          */
1942         zio = zio_rewrite(pio, spa, txg, bp, gbh, SPA_GANGBLOCKSIZE, NULL, NULL,
1943             pio->io_priority, ZIO_GANG_CHILD_FLAGS(pio), &pio->io_bookmark);
1944 
1945         /*
1946          * Create and nowait the gang children.
1947          */
1948         for (int g = 0; resid != 0; resid -= lsize, g++) {
1949                 lsize = P2ROUNDUP(resid / (SPA_GBH_NBLKPTRS - g),
1950                     SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE);
1951                 ASSERT(lsize >= SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE && lsize <= resid);
1952 
1953                 zp.zp_checksum = gio->io_prop.zp_checksum;
1954                 zp.zp_compress = ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF;
1955                 zp.zp_type = DMU_OT_NONE;
1956                 zp.zp_level = 0;
1957                 zp.zp_copies = gio->io_prop.zp_copies;
1958                 zp.zp_dedup = B_FALSE;
1959                 zp.zp_dedup_verify = B_FALSE;
1960                 zp.zp_nopwrite = B_FALSE;
1961 
1962                 zio_nowait(zio_write(zio, spa, txg, &gbh->zg_blkptr[g],
1963                     (char *)pio->io_data + (pio->io_size - resid), lsize, &zp,
1964                     zio_write_gang_member_ready, NULL, NULL, &gn->gn_child[g],
1965                     pio->io_priority, ZIO_GANG_CHILD_FLAGS(pio),
1966                     &pio->io_bookmark));
1967         }
1968 
1969         /*
1970          * Set pio's pipeline to just wait for zio to finish.
1971          */
1972         pio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
1973 
1974         zio_nowait(zio);
1975 
1976         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
1977 }
1978 
1979 /*
1980  * The zio_nop_write stage in the pipeline determines if allocating
1981  * a new bp is necessary.  By leveraging a cryptographically secure checksum,
1982  * such as SHA256, we can compare the checksums of the new data and the old
1983  * to determine if allocating a new block is required.  The nopwrite
1984  * feature can handle writes in either syncing or open context (i.e. zil
1985  * writes) and as a result is mutually exclusive with dedup.
1986  */
1987 static int
1988 zio_nop_write(zio_t *zio)
1989 {
1990         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
1991         blkptr_t *bp_orig = &zio->io_bp_orig;
1992         zio_prop_t *zp = &zio->io_prop;
1993 
1994         ASSERT(BP_GET_LEVEL(bp) == 0);
1995         ASSERT(!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_IO_REWRITE));
1996         ASSERT(zp->zp_nopwrite);
1997         ASSERT(!zp->zp_dedup);
1998         ASSERT(zio->io_bp_override == NULL);
1999         ASSERT(IO_IS_ALLOCATING(zio));
2000 
2001         /*
2002          * Check to see if the original bp and the new bp have matching
2003          * characteristics (i.e. same checksum, compression algorithms, etc).
2004          * If they don't then just continue with the pipeline which will
2005          * allocate a new bp.
2006          */
2007         if (BP_IS_HOLE(bp_orig) ||
2008             !zio_checksum_table[BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp)].ci_dedup ||
2009             BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp) != BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp_orig) ||
2010             BP_GET_COMPRESS(bp) != BP_GET_COMPRESS(bp_orig) ||
2011             BP_GET_DEDUP(bp) != BP_GET_DEDUP(bp_orig) ||
2012             zp->zp_copies != BP_GET_NDVAS(bp_orig))
2013                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2014 
2015         /*
2016          * If the checksums match then reset the pipeline so that we
2017          * avoid allocating a new bp and issuing any I/O.
2018          */
2019         if (ZIO_CHECKSUM_EQUAL(bp->blk_cksum, bp_orig->blk_cksum)) {
2020                 ASSERT(zio_checksum_table[zp->zp_checksum].ci_dedup);
2021                 ASSERT3U(BP_GET_PSIZE(bp), ==, BP_GET_PSIZE(bp_orig));
2022                 ASSERT3U(BP_GET_LSIZE(bp), ==, BP_GET_LSIZE(bp_orig));
2023                 ASSERT(zp->zp_compress != ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF);
2024                 ASSERT(bcmp(&bp->blk_prop, &bp_orig->blk_prop,
2025                     sizeof (uint64_t)) == 0);
2026 
2027                 *bp = *bp_orig;
2028                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
2029                 zio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_NOPWRITE;
2030         }
2031 
2032         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2033 }
2034 
2035 /*
2036  * ==========================================================================
2037  * Dedup
2038  * ==========================================================================
2039  */
2040 static void
2041 zio_ddt_child_read_done(zio_t *zio)
2042 {
2043         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2044         ddt_entry_t *dde = zio->io_private;
2045         ddt_phys_t *ddp;
2046         zio_t *pio = zio_unique_parent(zio);
2047 
2048         mutex_enter(&pio->io_lock);
2049         ddp = ddt_phys_select(dde, bp);
2050         if (zio->io_error == 0)
2051                 ddt_phys_clear(ddp);    /* this ddp doesn't need repair */
2052         if (zio->io_error == 0 && dde->dde_repair_data == NULL)
2053                 dde->dde_repair_data = zio->io_data;
2054         else
2055                 zio_buf_free(zio->io_data, zio->io_size);
2056         mutex_exit(&pio->io_lock);
2057 }
2058 
2059 static int
2060 zio_ddt_read_start(zio_t *zio)
2061 {
2062         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2063 
2064         ASSERT(BP_GET_DEDUP(bp));
2065         ASSERT(BP_GET_PSIZE(bp) == zio->io_size);
2066         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
2067 
2068         if (zio->io_child_error[ZIO_CHILD_DDT]) {
2069                 ddt_t *ddt = ddt_select(zio->io_spa, bp);
2070                 ddt_entry_t *dde = ddt_repair_start(ddt, bp);
2071                 ddt_phys_t *ddp = dde->dde_phys;
2072                 ddt_phys_t *ddp_self = ddt_phys_select(dde, bp);
2073                 blkptr_t blk;
2074 
2075                 ASSERT(zio->io_vsd == NULL);
2076                 zio->io_vsd = dde;
2077 
2078                 if (ddp_self == NULL)
2079                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2080 
2081                 for (int p = 0; p < DDT_PHYS_TYPES; p++, ddp++) {
2082                         if (ddp->ddp_phys_birth == 0 || ddp == ddp_self)
2083                                 continue;
2084                         ddt_bp_create(ddt->ddt_checksum, &dde->dde_key, ddp,
2085                             &blk);
2086                         zio_nowait(zio_read(zio, zio->io_spa, &blk,
2087                             zio_buf_alloc(zio->io_size), zio->io_size,
2088                             zio_ddt_child_read_done, dde, zio->io_priority,
2089                             ZIO_DDT_CHILD_FLAGS(zio) | ZIO_FLAG_DONT_PROPAGATE,
2090                             &zio->io_bookmark));
2091                 }
2092                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2093         }
2094 
2095         zio_nowait(zio_read(zio, zio->io_spa, bp,
2096             zio->io_data, zio->io_size, NULL, NULL, zio->io_priority,
2097             ZIO_DDT_CHILD_FLAGS(zio), &zio->io_bookmark));
2098 
2099         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2100 }
2101 
2102 static int
2103 zio_ddt_read_done(zio_t *zio)
2104 {
2105         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2106 
2107         if (zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_DDT, ZIO_WAIT_DONE))
2108                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2109 
2110         ASSERT(BP_GET_DEDUP(bp));
2111         ASSERT(BP_GET_PSIZE(bp) == zio->io_size);
2112         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
2113 
2114         if (zio->io_child_error[ZIO_CHILD_DDT]) {
2115                 ddt_t *ddt = ddt_select(zio->io_spa, bp);
2116                 ddt_entry_t *dde = zio->io_vsd;
2117                 if (ddt == NULL) {
2118                         ASSERT(spa_load_state(zio->io_spa) != SPA_LOAD_NONE);
2119                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2120                 }
2121                 if (dde == NULL) {
2122                         zio->io_stage = ZIO_STAGE_DDT_READ_START >> 1;
2123                         zio_taskq_dispatch(zio, ZIO_TASKQ_ISSUE, B_FALSE);
2124                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2125                 }
2126                 if (dde->dde_repair_data != NULL) {
2127                         bcopy(dde->dde_repair_data, zio->io_data, zio->io_size);
2128                         zio->io_child_error[ZIO_CHILD_DDT] = 0;
2129                 }
2130                 ddt_repair_done(ddt, dde);
2131                 zio->io_vsd = NULL;
2132         }
2133 
2134         ASSERT(zio->io_vsd == NULL);
2135 
2136         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2137 }
2138 
2139 static boolean_t
2140 zio_ddt_collision(zio_t *zio, ddt_t *ddt, ddt_entry_t *dde)
2141 {
2142         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
2143 
2144         /*
2145          * Note: we compare the original data, not the transformed data,
2146          * because when zio->io_bp is an override bp, we will not have
2147          * pushed the I/O transforms.  That's an important optimization
2148          * because otherwise we'd compress/encrypt all dmu_sync() data twice.
2149          */
2150         for (int p = DDT_PHYS_SINGLE; p <= DDT_PHYS_TRIPLE; p++) {
2151                 zio_t *lio = dde->dde_lead_zio[p];
2152 
2153                 if (lio != NULL) {
2154                         return (lio->io_orig_size != zio->io_orig_size ||
2155                             bcmp(zio->io_orig_data, lio->io_orig_data,
2156                             zio->io_orig_size) != 0);
2157                 }
2158         }
2159 
2160         for (int p = DDT_PHYS_SINGLE; p <= DDT_PHYS_TRIPLE; p++) {
2161                 ddt_phys_t *ddp = &dde->dde_phys[p];
2162 
2163                 if (ddp->ddp_phys_birth != 0) {
2164                         arc_buf_t *abuf = NULL;
2165                         arc_flags_t aflags = ARC_FLAG_WAIT;
2166                         blkptr_t blk = *zio->io_bp;
2167                         int error;
2168 
2169                         ddt_bp_fill(ddp, &blk, ddp->ddp_phys_birth);
2170 
2171                         ddt_exit(ddt);
2172 
2173                         error = arc_read(NULL, spa, &blk,
2174                             arc_getbuf_func, &abuf, ZIO_PRIORITY_SYNC_READ,
2175                             ZIO_FLAG_CANFAIL | ZIO_FLAG_SPECULATIVE,
2176                             &aflags, &zio->io_bookmark);
2177 
2178                         if (error == 0) {
2179                                 if (arc_buf_size(abuf) != zio->io_orig_size ||
2180                                     bcmp(abuf->b_data, zio->io_orig_data,
2181                                     zio->io_orig_size) != 0)
2182                                         error = SET_ERROR(EEXIST);
2183                                 VERIFY(arc_buf_remove_ref(abuf, &abuf));
2184                         }
2185 
2186                         ddt_enter(ddt);
2187                         return (error != 0);
2188                 }
2189         }
2190 
2191         return (B_FALSE);
2192 }
2193 
2194 static void
2195 zio_ddt_child_write_ready(zio_t *zio)
2196 {
2197         int p = zio->io_prop.zp_copies;
2198         ddt_t *ddt = ddt_select(zio->io_spa, zio->io_bp);
2199         ddt_entry_t *dde = zio->io_private;
2200         ddt_phys_t *ddp = &dde->dde_phys[p];
2201         zio_t *pio;
2202 
2203         if (zio->io_error)
2204                 return;
2205 
2206         ddt_enter(ddt);
2207 
2208         ASSERT(dde->dde_lead_zio[p] == zio);
2209 
2210         ddt_phys_fill(ddp, zio->io_bp);
2211 
2212         while ((pio = zio_walk_parents(zio)) != NULL)
2213                 ddt_bp_fill(ddp, pio->io_bp, zio->io_txg);
2214 
2215         ddt_exit(ddt);
2216 }
2217 
2218 static void
2219 zio_ddt_child_write_done(zio_t *zio)
2220 {
2221         int p = zio->io_prop.zp_copies;
2222         ddt_t *ddt = ddt_select(zio->io_spa, zio->io_bp);
2223         ddt_entry_t *dde = zio->io_private;
2224         ddt_phys_t *ddp = &dde->dde_phys[p];
2225 
2226         ddt_enter(ddt);
2227 
2228         ASSERT(ddp->ddp_refcnt == 0);
2229         ASSERT(dde->dde_lead_zio[p] == zio);
2230         dde->dde_lead_zio[p] = NULL;
2231 
2232         if (zio->io_error == 0) {
2233                 while (zio_walk_parents(zio) != NULL)
2234                         ddt_phys_addref(ddp);
2235         } else {
2236                 ddt_phys_clear(ddp);
2237         }
2238 
2239         ddt_exit(ddt);
2240 }
2241 
2242 static void
2243 zio_ddt_ditto_write_done(zio_t *zio)
2244 {
2245         int p = DDT_PHYS_DITTO;
2246         zio_prop_t *zp = &zio->io_prop;
2247         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2248         ddt_t *ddt = ddt_select(zio->io_spa, bp);
2249         ddt_entry_t *dde = zio->io_private;
2250         ddt_phys_t *ddp = &dde->dde_phys[p];
2251         ddt_key_t *ddk = &dde->dde_key;
2252 
2253         ddt_enter(ddt);
2254 
2255         ASSERT(ddp->ddp_refcnt == 0);
2256         ASSERT(dde->dde_lead_zio[p] == zio);
2257         dde->dde_lead_zio[p] = NULL;
2258 
2259         if (zio->io_error == 0) {
2260                 ASSERT(ZIO_CHECKSUM_EQUAL(bp->blk_cksum, ddk->ddk_cksum));
2261                 ASSERT(zp->zp_copies < SPA_DVAS_PER_BP);
2262                 ASSERT(zp->zp_copies == BP_GET_NDVAS(bp) - BP_IS_GANG(bp));
2263                 if (ddp->ddp_phys_birth != 0)
2264                         ddt_phys_free(ddt, ddk, ddp, zio->io_txg);
2265                 ddt_phys_fill(ddp, bp);
2266         }
2267 
2268         ddt_exit(ddt);
2269 }
2270 
2271 static int
2272 zio_ddt_write(zio_t *zio)
2273 {
2274         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
2275         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2276         uint64_t txg = zio->io_txg;
2277         zio_prop_t *zp = &zio->io_prop;
2278         int p = zp->zp_copies;
2279         int ditto_copies;
2280         zio_t *cio = NULL;
2281         zio_t *dio = NULL;
2282         ddt_t *ddt = ddt_select(spa, bp);
2283         ddt_entry_t *dde;
2284         ddt_phys_t *ddp;
2285 
2286         ASSERT(BP_GET_DEDUP(bp));
2287         ASSERT(BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp) == zp->zp_checksum);
2288         ASSERT(BP_IS_HOLE(bp) || zio->io_bp_override);
2289 
2290         ddt_enter(ddt);
2291         dde = ddt_lookup(ddt, bp, B_TRUE);
2292         ddp = &dde->dde_phys[p];
2293 
2294         if (zp->zp_dedup_verify && zio_ddt_collision(zio, ddt, dde)) {
2295                 /*
2296                  * If we're using a weak checksum, upgrade to a strong checksum
2297                  * and try again.  If we're already using a strong checksum,
2298                  * we can't resolve it, so just convert to an ordinary write.
2299                  * (And automatically e-mail a paper to Nature?)
2300                  */
2301                 if (!zio_checksum_table[zp->zp_checksum].ci_dedup) {
2302                         zp->zp_checksum = spa_dedup_checksum(spa);
2303                         zio_pop_transforms(zio);
2304                         zio->io_stage = ZIO_STAGE_OPEN;
2305                         BP_ZERO(bp);
2306                 } else {
2307                         zp->zp_dedup = B_FALSE;
2308                 }
2309                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_WRITE_PIPELINE;
2310                 ddt_exit(ddt);
2311                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2312         }
2313 
2314         ditto_copies = ddt_ditto_copies_needed(ddt, dde, ddp);
2315         ASSERT(ditto_copies < SPA_DVAS_PER_BP);
2316 
2317         if (ditto_copies > ddt_ditto_copies_present(dde) &&
2318             dde->dde_lead_zio[DDT_PHYS_DITTO] == NULL) {
2319                 zio_prop_t czp = *zp;
2320 
2321                 czp.zp_copies = ditto_copies;
2322 
2323                 /*
2324                  * If we arrived here with an override bp, we won't have run
2325                  * the transform stack, so we won't have the data we need to
2326                  * generate a child i/o.  So, toss the override bp and restart.
2327                  * This is safe, because using the override bp is just an
2328                  * optimization; and it's rare, so the cost doesn't matter.
2329                  */
2330                 if (zio->io_bp_override) {
2331                         zio_pop_transforms(zio);
2332                         zio->io_stage = ZIO_STAGE_OPEN;
2333                         zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_WRITE_PIPELINE;
2334                         zio->io_bp_override = NULL;
2335                         BP_ZERO(bp);
2336                         ddt_exit(ddt);
2337                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2338                 }
2339 
2340                 dio = zio_write(zio, spa, txg, bp, zio->io_orig_data,
2341                     zio->io_orig_size, &czp, NULL, NULL,
2342                     zio_ddt_ditto_write_done, dde, zio->io_priority,
2343                     ZIO_DDT_CHILD_FLAGS(zio), &zio->io_bookmark);
2344 
2345                 zio_push_transform(dio, zio->io_data, zio->io_size, 0, NULL);
2346                 dde->dde_lead_zio[DDT_PHYS_DITTO] = dio;
2347         }
2348 
2349         if (ddp->ddp_phys_birth != 0 || dde->dde_lead_zio[p] != NULL) {
2350                 if (ddp->ddp_phys_birth != 0)
2351                         ddt_bp_fill(ddp, bp, txg);
2352                 if (dde->dde_lead_zio[p] != NULL)
2353                         zio_add_child(zio, dde->dde_lead_zio[p]);
2354                 else
2355                         ddt_phys_addref(ddp);
2356         } else if (zio->io_bp_override) {
2357                 ASSERT(bp->blk_birth == txg);
2358                 ASSERT(BP_EQUAL(bp, zio->io_bp_override));
2359                 ddt_phys_fill(ddp, bp);
2360                 ddt_phys_addref(ddp);
2361         } else {
2362                 cio = zio_write(zio, spa, txg, bp, zio->io_orig_data,
2363                     zio->io_orig_size, zp, zio_ddt_child_write_ready, NULL,
2364                     zio_ddt_child_write_done, dde, zio->io_priority,
2365                     ZIO_DDT_CHILD_FLAGS(zio), &zio->io_bookmark);
2366 
2367                 zio_push_transform(cio, zio->io_data, zio->io_size, 0, NULL);
2368                 dde->dde_lead_zio[p] = cio;
2369         }
2370 
2371         ddt_exit(ddt);
2372 
2373         if (cio)
2374                 zio_nowait(cio);
2375         if (dio)
2376                 zio_nowait(dio);
2377 
2378         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2379 }
2380 
2381 ddt_entry_t *freedde; /* for debugging */
2382 
2383 static int
2384 zio_ddt_free(zio_t *zio)
2385 {
2386         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
2387         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2388         ddt_t *ddt = ddt_select(spa, bp);
2389         ddt_entry_t *dde;
2390         ddt_phys_t *ddp;
2391 
2392         ASSERT(BP_GET_DEDUP(bp));
2393         ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
2394 
2395         ddt_enter(ddt);
2396         freedde = dde = ddt_lookup(ddt, bp, B_TRUE);
2397         ddp = ddt_phys_select(dde, bp);
2398         ddt_phys_decref(ddp);
2399         ddt_exit(ddt);
2400 
2401         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2402 }
2403 
2404 /*
2405  * ==========================================================================
2406  * Allocate and free blocks
2407  * ==========================================================================
2408  */
2409 static int
2410 zio_dva_allocate(zio_t *zio)
2411 {
2412         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
2413         metaslab_class_t *mc = spa_normal_class(spa);
2414         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2415         int error;
2416         int flags = 0;
2417 
2418         if (zio->io_gang_leader == NULL) {
2419                 ASSERT(zio->io_child_type > ZIO_CHILD_GANG);
2420                 zio->io_gang_leader = zio;
2421         }
2422 
2423         ASSERT(BP_IS_HOLE(bp));
2424         ASSERT0(BP_GET_NDVAS(bp));
2425         ASSERT3U(zio->io_prop.zp_copies, >, 0);
2426         ASSERT3U(zio->io_prop.zp_copies, <=, spa_max_replication(spa));
2427         ASSERT3U(zio->io_size, ==, BP_GET_PSIZE(bp));
2428 
2429         /*
2430          * The dump device does not support gang blocks so allocation on
2431          * behalf of the dump device (i.e. ZIO_FLAG_NODATA) must avoid
2432          * the "fast" gang feature.
2433          */
2434         flags |= (zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_NODATA) ? METASLAB_GANG_AVOID : 0;
2435         flags |= (zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_GANG_CHILD) ?
2436             METASLAB_GANG_CHILD : 0;
2437         error = metaslab_alloc(spa, mc, zio->io_size, bp,
2438             zio->io_prop.zp_copies, zio->io_txg, NULL, flags);
2439 
2440         if (error) {
2441                 spa_dbgmsg(spa, "%s: metaslab allocation failure: zio %p, "
2442                     "size %llu, error %d", spa_name(spa), zio, zio->io_size,
2443                     error);
2444                 if (error == ENOSPC && zio->io_size > SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE)
2445                         return (zio_write_gang_block(zio));
2446                 zio->io_error = error;
2447         }
2448 
2449         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2450 }
2451 
2452 static int
2453 zio_dva_free(zio_t *zio)
2454 {
2455         metaslab_free(zio->io_spa, zio->io_bp, zio->io_txg, B_FALSE);
2456 
2457         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2458 }
2459 
2460 static int
2461 zio_dva_claim(zio_t *zio)
2462 {
2463         int error;
2464 
2465         error = metaslab_claim(zio->io_spa, zio->io_bp, zio->io_txg);
2466         if (error)
2467                 zio->io_error = error;
2468 
2469         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2470 }
2471 
2472 /*
2473  * Undo an allocation.  This is used by zio_done() when an I/O fails
2474  * and we want to give back the block we just allocated.
2475  * This handles both normal blocks and gang blocks.
2476  */
2477 static void
2478 zio_dva_unallocate(zio_t *zio, zio_gang_node_t *gn, blkptr_t *bp)
2479 {
2480         ASSERT(bp->blk_birth == zio->io_txg || BP_IS_HOLE(bp));
2481         ASSERT(zio->io_bp_override == NULL);
2482 
2483         if (!BP_IS_HOLE(bp))
2484                 metaslab_free(zio->io_spa, bp, bp->blk_birth, B_TRUE);
2485 
2486         if (gn != NULL) {
2487                 for (int g = 0; g < SPA_GBH_NBLKPTRS; g++) {
2488                         zio_dva_unallocate(zio, gn->gn_child[g],
2489                             &gn->gn_gbh->zg_blkptr[g]);
2490                 }
2491         }
2492 }
2493 
2494 /*
2495  * Try to allocate an intent log block.  Return 0 on success, errno on failure.
2496  */
2497 int
2498 zio_alloc_zil(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg, blkptr_t *new_bp, blkptr_t *old_bp,
2499     uint64_t size, boolean_t use_slog)
2500 {
2501         int error = 1;
2502 
2503         ASSERT(txg > spa_syncing_txg(spa));
2504 
2505         /*
2506          * ZIL blocks are always contiguous (i.e. not gang blocks) so we
2507          * set the METASLAB_GANG_AVOID flag so that they don't "fast gang"
2508          * when allocating them.
2509          */
2510         if (use_slog) {
2511                 error = metaslab_alloc(spa, spa_log_class(spa), size,
2512                     new_bp, 1, txg, old_bp,
2513                     METASLAB_HINTBP_AVOID | METASLAB_GANG_AVOID);
2514         }
2515 
2516         if (error) {
2517                 error = metaslab_alloc(spa, spa_normal_class(spa), size,
2518                     new_bp, 1, txg, old_bp,
2519                     METASLAB_HINTBP_AVOID);
2520         }
2521 
2522         if (error == 0) {
2523                 BP_SET_LSIZE(new_bp, size);
2524                 BP_SET_PSIZE(new_bp, size);
2525                 BP_SET_COMPRESS(new_bp, ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF);
2526                 BP_SET_CHECKSUM(new_bp,
2527                     spa_version(spa) >= SPA_VERSION_SLIM_ZIL
2528                     ? ZIO_CHECKSUM_ZILOG2 : ZIO_CHECKSUM_ZILOG);
2529                 BP_SET_TYPE(new_bp, DMU_OT_INTENT_LOG);
2530                 BP_SET_LEVEL(new_bp, 0);
2531                 BP_SET_DEDUP(new_bp, 0);
2532                 BP_SET_BYTEORDER(new_bp, ZFS_HOST_BYTEORDER);
2533         }
2534 
2535         return (error);
2536 }
2537 
2538 /*
2539  * Free an intent log block.
2540  */
2541 void
2542 zio_free_zil(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg, blkptr_t *bp)
2543 {
2544         ASSERT(BP_GET_TYPE(bp) == DMU_OT_INTENT_LOG);
2545         ASSERT(!BP_IS_GANG(bp));
2546 
2547         zio_free(spa, txg, bp);
2548 }
2549 
2550 /*
2551  * ==========================================================================
2552  * Read and write to physical devices
2553  * ==========================================================================
2554  */
2555 
2556 
2557 /*
2558  * Issue an I/O to the underlying vdev. Typically the issue pipeline
2559  * stops after this stage and will resume upon I/O completion.
2560  * However, there are instances where the vdev layer may need to
2561  * continue the pipeline when an I/O was not issued. Since the I/O
2562  * that was sent to the vdev layer might be different than the one
2563  * currently active in the pipeline (see vdev_queue_io()), we explicitly
2564  * force the underlying vdev layers to call either zio_execute() or
2565  * zio_interrupt() to ensure that the pipeline continues with the correct I/O.
2566  */
2567 static int
2568 zio_vdev_io_start(zio_t *zio)
2569 {
2570         vdev_t *vd = zio->io_vd;
2571         uint64_t align;
2572         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
2573 
2574         ASSERT(zio->io_error == 0);
2575         ASSERT(zio->io_child_error[ZIO_CHILD_VDEV] == 0);
2576 
2577         if (vd == NULL) {
2578                 if (!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_CONFIG_WRITER))
2579                         spa_config_enter(spa, SCL_ZIO, zio, RW_READER);
2580 
2581                 /*
2582                  * The mirror_ops handle multiple DVAs in a single BP.
2583                  */
2584                 vdev_mirror_ops.vdev_op_io_start(zio);
2585                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2586         }
2587 
2588         /*
2589          * We keep track of time-sensitive I/Os so that the scan thread
2590          * can quickly react to certain workloads.  In particular, we care
2591          * about non-scrubbing, top-level reads and writes with the following
2592          * characteristics:
2593          *      - synchronous writes of user data to non-slog devices
2594          *      - any reads of user data
2595          * When these conditions are met, adjust the timestamp of spa_last_io
2596          * which allows the scan thread to adjust its workload accordingly.
2597          */
2598         if (!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_SCAN_THREAD) && zio->io_bp != NULL &&
2599             vd == vd->vdev_top && !vd->vdev_islog &&
2600             zio->io_bookmark.zb_objset != DMU_META_OBJSET &&
2601             zio->io_txg != spa_syncing_txg(spa)) {
2602                 uint64_t old = spa->spa_last_io;
2603                 uint64_t new = ddi_get_lbolt64();
2604                 if (old != new)
2605                         (void) atomic_cas_64(&spa->spa_last_io, old, new);
2606         }
2607 
2608         align = 1ULL << vd->vdev_top->vdev_ashift;
2609 
2610         if (!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_PHYSICAL) &&
2611             P2PHASE(zio->io_size, align) != 0) {
2612                 /* Transform logical writes to be a full physical block size. */
2613                 uint64_t asize = P2ROUNDUP(zio->io_size, align);
2614                 char *abuf = zio_buf_alloc(asize);
2615                 ASSERT(vd == vd->vdev_top);
2616                 if (zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE) {
2617                         bcopy(zio->io_data, abuf, zio->io_size);
2618                         bzero(abuf + zio->io_size, asize - zio->io_size);
2619                 }
2620                 zio_push_transform(zio, abuf, asize, asize, zio_subblock);
2621         }
2622 
2623         /*
2624          * If this is not a physical io, make sure that it is properly aligned
2625          * before proceeding.
2626          */
2627         if (!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_PHYSICAL)) {
2628                 ASSERT0(P2PHASE(zio->io_offset, align));
2629                 ASSERT0(P2PHASE(zio->io_size, align));
2630         } else {
2631                 /*
2632                  * For physical writes, we allow 512b aligned writes and assume
2633                  * the device will perform a read-modify-write as necessary.
2634                  */
2635                 ASSERT0(P2PHASE(zio->io_offset, SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE));
2636                 ASSERT0(P2PHASE(zio->io_size, SPA_MINBLOCKSIZE));
2637         }
2638 
2639         VERIFY(zio->io_type != ZIO_TYPE_WRITE || spa_writeable(spa));
2640 
2641         /*
2642          * If this is a repair I/O, and there's no self-healing involved --
2643          * that is, we're just resilvering what we expect to resilver --
2644          * then don't do the I/O unless zio's txg is actually in vd's DTL.
2645          * This prevents spurious resilvering with nested replication.
2646          * For example, given a mirror of mirrors, (A+B)+(C+D), if only
2647          * A is out of date, we'll read from C+D, then use the data to
2648          * resilver A+B -- but we don't actually want to resilver B, just A.
2649          * The top-level mirror has no way to know this, so instead we just
2650          * discard unnecessary repairs as we work our way down the vdev tree.
2651          * The same logic applies to any form of nested replication:
2652          * ditto + mirror, RAID-Z + replacing, etc.  This covers them all.
2653          */
2654         if ((zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_IO_REPAIR) &&
2655             !(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_SELF_HEAL) &&
2656             zio->io_txg != 0 &&      /* not a delegated i/o */
2657             !vdev_dtl_contains(vd, DTL_PARTIAL, zio->io_txg, 1)) {
2658                 ASSERT(zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE);
2659                 zio_vdev_io_bypass(zio);
2660                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2661         }
2662 
2663         if (vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_leaf &&
2664             (zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_READ || zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE)) {
2665 
2666                 if (zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_READ && vdev_cache_read(zio))
2667                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2668 
2669                 if ((zio = vdev_queue_io(zio)) == NULL)
2670                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2671 
2672                 if (!vdev_accessible(vd, zio)) {
2673                         zio->io_error = SET_ERROR(ENXIO);
2674                         zio_interrupt(zio);
2675                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2676                 }
2677         }
2678 
2679         vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_io_start(zio);
2680         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2681 }
2682 
2683 static int
2684 zio_vdev_io_done(zio_t *zio)
2685 {
2686         vdev_t *vd = zio->io_vd;
2687         vdev_ops_t *ops = vd ? vd->vdev_ops : &vdev_mirror_ops;
2688         boolean_t unexpected_error = B_FALSE;
2689 
2690         if (zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_VDEV, ZIO_WAIT_DONE))
2691                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2692 
2693         ASSERT(zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_READ || zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE);
2694 
2695         if (vd != NULL && vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_leaf) {
2696 
2697                 vdev_queue_io_done(zio);
2698 
2699                 if (zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE)
2700                         vdev_cache_write(zio);
2701 
2702                 if (zio_injection_enabled && zio->io_error == 0)
2703                         zio->io_error = zio_handle_device_injection(vd,
2704                             zio, EIO);
2705 
2706                 if (zio_injection_enabled && zio->io_error == 0)
2707                         zio->io_error = zio_handle_label_injection(zio, EIO);
2708 
2709                 if (zio->io_error) {
2710                         if (!vdev_accessible(vd, zio)) {
2711                                 zio->io_error = SET_ERROR(ENXIO);
2712                         } else {
2713                                 unexpected_error = B_TRUE;
2714                         }
2715                 }
2716         }
2717 
2718         ops->vdev_op_io_done(zio);
2719 
2720         if (unexpected_error)
2721                 VERIFY(vdev_probe(vd, zio) == NULL);
2722 
2723         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2724 }
2725 
2726 /*
2727  * For non-raidz ZIOs, we can just copy aside the bad data read from the
2728  * disk, and use that to finish the checksum ereport later.
2729  */
2730 static void
2731 zio_vsd_default_cksum_finish(zio_cksum_report_t *zcr,
2732     const void *good_buf)
2733 {
2734         /* no processing needed */
2735         zfs_ereport_finish_checksum(zcr, good_buf, zcr->zcr_cbdata, B_FALSE);
2736 }
2737 
2738 /*ARGSUSED*/
2739 void
2740 zio_vsd_default_cksum_report(zio_t *zio, zio_cksum_report_t *zcr, void *ignored)
2741 {
2742         void *buf = zio_buf_alloc(zio->io_size);
2743 
2744         bcopy(zio->io_data, buf, zio->io_size);
2745 
2746         zcr->zcr_cbinfo = zio->io_size;
2747         zcr->zcr_cbdata = buf;
2748         zcr->zcr_finish = zio_vsd_default_cksum_finish;
2749         zcr->zcr_free = zio_buf_free;
2750 }
2751 
2752 static int
2753 zio_vdev_io_assess(zio_t *zio)
2754 {
2755         vdev_t *vd = zio->io_vd;
2756 
2757         if (zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_VDEV, ZIO_WAIT_DONE))
2758                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2759 
2760         if (vd == NULL && !(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_CONFIG_WRITER))
2761                 spa_config_exit(zio->io_spa, SCL_ZIO, zio);
2762 
2763         if (zio->io_vsd != NULL) {
2764                 zio->io_vsd_ops->vsd_free(zio);
2765                 zio->io_vsd = NULL;
2766         }
2767 
2768         if (zio_injection_enabled && zio->io_error == 0)
2769                 zio->io_error = zio_handle_fault_injection(zio, EIO);
2770 
2771         /*
2772          * If the I/O failed, determine whether we should attempt to retry it.
2773          *
2774          * On retry, we cut in line in the issue queue, since we don't want
2775          * compression/checksumming/etc. work to prevent our (cheap) IO reissue.
2776          */
2777         if (zio->io_error && vd == NULL &&
2778             !(zio->io_flags & (ZIO_FLAG_DONT_RETRY | ZIO_FLAG_IO_RETRY))) {
2779                 ASSERT(!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_DONT_QUEUE));  /* not a leaf */
2780                 ASSERT(!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_IO_BYPASS));   /* not a leaf */
2781                 zio->io_error = 0;
2782                 zio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_IO_RETRY |
2783                     ZIO_FLAG_DONT_CACHE | ZIO_FLAG_DONT_AGGREGATE;
2784                 zio->io_stage = ZIO_STAGE_VDEV_IO_START >> 1;
2785                 zio_taskq_dispatch(zio, ZIO_TASKQ_ISSUE,
2786                     zio_requeue_io_start_cut_in_line);
2787                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2788         }
2789 
2790         /*
2791          * If we got an error on a leaf device, convert it to ENXIO
2792          * if the device is not accessible at all.
2793          */
2794         if (zio->io_error && vd != NULL && vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_leaf &&
2795             !vdev_accessible(vd, zio))
2796                 zio->io_error = SET_ERROR(ENXIO);
2797 
2798         /*
2799          * If we can't write to an interior vdev (mirror or RAID-Z),
2800          * set vdev_cant_write so that we stop trying to allocate from it.
2801          */
2802         if (zio->io_error == ENXIO && zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE &&
2803             vd != NULL && !vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_leaf) {
2804                 vd->vdev_cant_write = B_TRUE;
2805         }
2806 
2807         if (zio->io_error)
2808                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
2809 
2810         if (vd != NULL && vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_leaf &&
2811             zio->io_physdone != NULL) {
2812                 ASSERT(!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_DELEGATED));
2813                 ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_VDEV);
2814                 zio->io_physdone(zio->io_logical);
2815         }
2816 
2817         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2818 }
2819 
2820 void
2821 zio_vdev_io_reissue(zio_t *zio)
2822 {
2823         ASSERT(zio->io_stage == ZIO_STAGE_VDEV_IO_START);
2824         ASSERT(zio->io_error == 0);
2825 
2826         zio->io_stage >>= 1;
2827 }
2828 
2829 void
2830 zio_vdev_io_redone(zio_t *zio)
2831 {
2832         ASSERT(zio->io_stage == ZIO_STAGE_VDEV_IO_DONE);
2833 
2834         zio->io_stage >>= 1;
2835 }
2836 
2837 void
2838 zio_vdev_io_bypass(zio_t *zio)
2839 {
2840         ASSERT(zio->io_stage == ZIO_STAGE_VDEV_IO_START);
2841         ASSERT(zio->io_error == 0);
2842 
2843         zio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_IO_BYPASS;
2844         zio->io_stage = ZIO_STAGE_VDEV_IO_ASSESS >> 1;
2845 }
2846 
2847 /*
2848  * ==========================================================================
2849  * Generate and verify checksums
2850  * ==========================================================================
2851  */
2852 static int
2853 zio_checksum_generate(zio_t *zio)
2854 {
2855         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2856         enum zio_checksum checksum;
2857 
2858         if (bp == NULL) {
2859                 /*
2860                  * This is zio_write_phys().
2861                  * We're either generating a label checksum, or none at all.
2862                  */
2863                 checksum = zio->io_prop.zp_checksum;
2864 
2865                 if (checksum == ZIO_CHECKSUM_OFF)
2866                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2867 
2868                 ASSERT(checksum == ZIO_CHECKSUM_LABEL);
2869         } else {
2870                 if (BP_IS_GANG(bp) && zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_GANG) {
2871                         ASSERT(!IO_IS_ALLOCATING(zio));
2872                         checksum = ZIO_CHECKSUM_GANG_HEADER;
2873                 } else {
2874                         checksum = BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp);
2875                 }
2876         }
2877 
2878         zio_checksum_compute(zio, checksum, zio->io_data, zio->io_size);
2879 
2880         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2881 }
2882 
2883 static int
2884 zio_checksum_verify(zio_t *zio)
2885 {
2886         zio_bad_cksum_t info;
2887         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2888         int error;
2889 
2890         ASSERT(zio->io_vd != NULL);
2891 
2892         if (bp == NULL) {
2893                 /*
2894                  * This is zio_read_phys().
2895                  * We're either verifying a label checksum, or nothing at all.
2896                  */
2897                 if (zio->io_prop.zp_checksum == ZIO_CHECKSUM_OFF)
2898                         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2899 
2900                 ASSERT(zio->io_prop.zp_checksum == ZIO_CHECKSUM_LABEL);
2901         }
2902 
2903         if ((error = zio_checksum_error(zio, &info)) != 0) {
2904                 zio->io_error = error;
2905                 if (error == ECKSUM &&
2906                     !(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_SPECULATIVE)) {
2907                         zfs_ereport_start_checksum(zio->io_spa,
2908                             zio->io_vd, zio, zio->io_offset,
2909                             zio->io_size, NULL, &info);
2910                 }
2911         }
2912 
2913         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
2914 }
2915 
2916 /*
2917  * Called by RAID-Z to ensure we don't compute the checksum twice.
2918  */
2919 void
2920 zio_checksum_verified(zio_t *zio)
2921 {
2922         zio->io_pipeline &= ~ZIO_STAGE_CHECKSUM_VERIFY;
2923 }
2924 
2925 /*
2926  * ==========================================================================
2927  * Error rank.  Error are ranked in the order 0, ENXIO, ECKSUM, EIO, other.
2928  * An error of 0 indicates success.  ENXIO indicates whole-device failure,
2929  * which may be transient (e.g. unplugged) or permament.  ECKSUM and EIO
2930  * indicate errors that are specific to one I/O, and most likely permanent.
2931  * Any other error is presumed to be worse because we weren't expecting it.
2932  * ==========================================================================
2933  */
2934 int
2935 zio_worst_error(int e1, int e2)
2936 {
2937         static int zio_error_rank[] = { 0, ENXIO, ECKSUM, EIO };
2938         int r1, r2;
2939 
2940         for (r1 = 0; r1 < sizeof (zio_error_rank) / sizeof (int); r1++)
2941                 if (e1 == zio_error_rank[r1])
2942                         break;
2943 
2944         for (r2 = 0; r2 < sizeof (zio_error_rank) / sizeof (int); r2++)
2945                 if (e2 == zio_error_rank[r2])
2946                         break;
2947 
2948         return (r1 > r2 ? e1 : e2);
2949 }
2950 
2951 /*
2952  * ==========================================================================
2953  * I/O completion
2954  * ==========================================================================
2955  */
2956 static int
2957 zio_ready(zio_t *zio)
2958 {
2959         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
2960         zio_t *pio, *pio_next;
2961 
2962         if (zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_GANG, ZIO_WAIT_READY) ||
2963             zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_DDT, ZIO_WAIT_READY))
2964                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
2965 
2966         if (zio->io_ready) {
2967                 ASSERT(IO_IS_ALLOCATING(zio));
2968                 ASSERT(bp->blk_birth == zio->io_txg || BP_IS_HOLE(bp) ||
2969                     (zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_NOPWRITE));
2970                 ASSERT(zio->io_children[ZIO_CHILD_GANG][ZIO_WAIT_READY] == 0);
2971 
2972                 zio->io_ready(zio);
2973         }
2974 
2975         if (bp != NULL && bp != &zio->io_bp_copy)
2976                 zio->io_bp_copy = *bp;
2977 
2978         if (zio->io_error)
2979                 zio->io_pipeline = ZIO_INTERLOCK_PIPELINE;
2980 
2981         mutex_enter(&zio->io_lock);
2982         zio->io_state[ZIO_WAIT_READY] = 1;
2983         pio = zio_walk_parents(zio);
2984         mutex_exit(&zio->io_lock);
2985 
2986         /*
2987          * As we notify zio's parents, new parents could be added.
2988          * New parents go to the head of zio's io_parent_list, however,
2989          * so we will (correctly) not notify them.  The remainder of zio's
2990          * io_parent_list, from 'pio_next' onward, cannot change because
2991          * all parents must wait for us to be done before they can be done.
2992          */
2993         for (; pio != NULL; pio = pio_next) {
2994                 pio_next = zio_walk_parents(zio);
2995                 zio_notify_parent(pio, zio, ZIO_WAIT_READY);
2996         }
2997 
2998         if (zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_NODATA) {
2999                 if (BP_IS_GANG(bp)) {
3000                         zio->io_flags &= ~ZIO_FLAG_NODATA;
3001                 } else {
3002                         ASSERT((uintptr_t)zio->io_data < SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE);
3003                         zio->io_pipeline &= ~ZIO_VDEV_IO_STAGES;
3004                 }
3005         }
3006 
3007         if (zio_injection_enabled &&
3008             zio->io_spa->spa_syncing_txg == zio->io_txg)
3009                 zio_handle_ignored_writes(zio);
3010 
3011         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_CONTINUE);
3012 }
3013 
3014 static int
3015 zio_done(zio_t *zio)
3016 {
3017         spa_t *spa = zio->io_spa;
3018         zio_t *lio = zio->io_logical;
3019         blkptr_t *bp = zio->io_bp;
3020         vdev_t *vd = zio->io_vd;
3021         uint64_t psize = zio->io_size;
3022         zio_t *pio, *pio_next;
3023 
3024         /*
3025          * If our children haven't all completed,
3026          * wait for them and then repeat this pipeline stage.
3027          */
3028         if (zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_VDEV, ZIO_WAIT_DONE) ||
3029             zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_GANG, ZIO_WAIT_DONE) ||
3030             zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_DDT, ZIO_WAIT_DONE) ||
3031             zio_wait_for_children(zio, ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL, ZIO_WAIT_DONE))
3032                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
3033 
3034         for (int c = 0; c < ZIO_CHILD_TYPES; c++)
3035                 for (int w = 0; w < ZIO_WAIT_TYPES; w++)
3036                         ASSERT(zio->io_children[c][w] == 0);
3037 
3038         if (bp != NULL && !BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp)) {
3039                 ASSERT(bp->blk_pad[0] == 0);
3040                 ASSERT(bp->blk_pad[1] == 0);
3041                 ASSERT(bcmp(bp, &zio->io_bp_copy, sizeof (blkptr_t)) == 0 ||
3042                     (bp == zio_unique_parent(zio)->io_bp));
3043                 if (zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE && !BP_IS_HOLE(bp) &&
3044                     zio->io_bp_override == NULL &&
3045                     !(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_IO_REPAIR)) {
3046                         ASSERT(!BP_SHOULD_BYTESWAP(bp));
3047                         ASSERT3U(zio->io_prop.zp_copies, <=, BP_GET_NDVAS(bp));
3048                         ASSERT(BP_COUNT_GANG(bp) == 0 ||
3049                             (BP_COUNT_GANG(bp) == BP_GET_NDVAS(bp)));
3050                 }
3051                 if (zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_NOPWRITE)
3052                         VERIFY(BP_EQUAL(bp, &zio->io_bp_orig));
3053         }
3054 
3055         /*
3056          * If there were child vdev/gang/ddt errors, they apply to us now.
3057          */
3058         zio_inherit_child_errors(zio, ZIO_CHILD_VDEV);
3059         zio_inherit_child_errors(zio, ZIO_CHILD_GANG);
3060         zio_inherit_child_errors(zio, ZIO_CHILD_DDT);
3061 
3062         /*
3063          * If the I/O on the transformed data was successful, generate any
3064          * checksum reports now while we still have the transformed data.
3065          */
3066         if (zio->io_error == 0) {
3067                 while (zio->io_cksum_report != NULL) {
3068                         zio_cksum_report_t *zcr = zio->io_cksum_report;
3069                         uint64_t align = zcr->zcr_align;
3070                         uint64_t asize = P2ROUNDUP(psize, align);
3071                         char *abuf = zio->io_data;
3072 
3073                         if (asize != psize) {
3074                                 abuf = zio_buf_alloc(asize);
3075                                 bcopy(zio->io_data, abuf, psize);
3076                                 bzero(abuf + psize, asize - psize);
3077                         }
3078 
3079                         zio->io_cksum_report = zcr->zcr_next;
3080                         zcr->zcr_next = NULL;
3081                         zcr->zcr_finish(zcr, abuf);
3082                         zfs_ereport_free_checksum(zcr);
3083 
3084                         if (asize != psize)
3085                                 zio_buf_free(abuf, asize);
3086                 }
3087         }
3088 
3089         zio_pop_transforms(zio);        /* note: may set zio->io_error */
3090 
3091         vdev_stat_update(zio, psize);
3092 
3093         if (zio->io_error) {
3094                 /*
3095                  * If this I/O is attached to a particular vdev,
3096                  * generate an error message describing the I/O failure
3097                  * at the block level.  We ignore these errors if the
3098                  * device is currently unavailable.
3099                  */
3100                 if (zio->io_error != ECKSUM && vd != NULL && !vdev_is_dead(vd))
3101                         zfs_ereport_post(FM_EREPORT_ZFS_IO, spa, vd, zio, 0, 0);
3102 
3103                 if ((zio->io_error == EIO || !(zio->io_flags &
3104                     (ZIO_FLAG_SPECULATIVE | ZIO_FLAG_DONT_PROPAGATE))) &&
3105                     zio == lio) {
3106                         /*
3107                          * For logical I/O requests, tell the SPA to log the
3108                          * error and generate a logical data ereport.
3109                          */
3110                         spa_log_error(spa, zio);
3111                         zfs_ereport_post(FM_EREPORT_ZFS_DATA, spa, NULL, zio,
3112                             0, 0);
3113                 }
3114         }
3115 
3116         if (zio->io_error && zio == lio) {
3117                 /*
3118                  * Determine whether zio should be reexecuted.  This will
3119                  * propagate all the way to the root via zio_notify_parent().
3120                  */
3121                 ASSERT(vd == NULL && bp != NULL);
3122                 ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
3123 
3124                 if (IO_IS_ALLOCATING(zio) &&
3125                     !(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_CANFAIL)) {
3126                         if (zio->io_error != ENOSPC)
3127                                 zio->io_reexecute |= ZIO_REEXECUTE_NOW;
3128                         else
3129                                 zio->io_reexecute |= ZIO_REEXECUTE_SUSPEND;
3130                 }
3131 
3132                 if ((zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_READ ||
3133                     zio->io_type == ZIO_TYPE_FREE) &&
3134                     !(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_SCAN_THREAD) &&
3135                     zio->io_error == ENXIO &&
3136                     spa_load_state(spa) == SPA_LOAD_NONE &&
3137                     spa_get_failmode(spa) != ZIO_FAILURE_MODE_CONTINUE)
3138                         zio->io_reexecute |= ZIO_REEXECUTE_SUSPEND;
3139 
3140                 if (!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_CANFAIL) && !zio->io_reexecute)
3141                         zio->io_reexecute |= ZIO_REEXECUTE_SUSPEND;
3142 
3143                 /*
3144                  * Here is a possibly good place to attempt to do
3145                  * either combinatorial reconstruction or error correction
3146                  * based on checksums.  It also might be a good place
3147                  * to send out preliminary ereports before we suspend
3148                  * processing.
3149                  */
3150         }
3151 
3152         /*
3153          * If there were logical child errors, they apply to us now.
3154          * We defer this until now to avoid conflating logical child
3155          * errors with errors that happened to the zio itself when
3156          * updating vdev stats and reporting FMA events above.
3157          */
3158         zio_inherit_child_errors(zio, ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
3159 
3160         if ((zio->io_error || zio->io_reexecute) &&
3161             IO_IS_ALLOCATING(zio) && zio->io_gang_leader == zio &&
3162             !(zio->io_flags & (ZIO_FLAG_IO_REWRITE | ZIO_FLAG_NOPWRITE)))
3163                 zio_dva_unallocate(zio, zio->io_gang_tree, bp);
3164 
3165         zio_gang_tree_free(&zio->io_gang_tree);
3166 
3167         /*
3168          * Godfather I/Os should never suspend.
3169          */
3170         if ((zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_GODFATHER) &&
3171             (zio->io_reexecute & ZIO_REEXECUTE_SUSPEND))
3172                 zio->io_reexecute = 0;
3173 
3174         if (zio->io_reexecute) {
3175                 /*
3176                  * This is a logical I/O that wants to reexecute.
3177                  *
3178                  * Reexecute is top-down.  When an i/o fails, if it's not
3179                  * the root, it simply notifies its parent and sticks around.
3180                  * The parent, seeing that it still has children in zio_done(),
3181                  * does the same.  This percolates all the way up to the root.
3182                  * The root i/o will reexecute or suspend the entire tree.
3183                  *
3184                  * This approach ensures that zio_reexecute() honors
3185                  * all the original i/o dependency relationships, e.g.
3186                  * parents not executing until children are ready.
3187                  */
3188                 ASSERT(zio->io_child_type == ZIO_CHILD_LOGICAL);
3189 
3190                 zio->io_gang_leader = NULL;
3191 
3192                 mutex_enter(&zio->io_lock);
3193                 zio->io_state[ZIO_WAIT_DONE] = 1;
3194                 mutex_exit(&zio->io_lock);
3195 
3196                 /*
3197                  * "The Godfather" I/O monitors its children but is
3198                  * not a true parent to them. It will track them through
3199                  * the pipeline but severs its ties whenever they get into
3200                  * trouble (e.g. suspended). This allows "The Godfather"
3201                  * I/O to return status without blocking.
3202                  */
3203                 for (pio = zio_walk_parents(zio); pio != NULL; pio = pio_next) {
3204                         zio_link_t *zl = zio->io_walk_link;
3205                         pio_next = zio_walk_parents(zio);
3206 
3207                         if ((pio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_GODFATHER) &&
3208                             (zio->io_reexecute & ZIO_REEXECUTE_SUSPEND)) {
3209                                 zio_remove_child(pio, zio, zl);
3210                                 zio_notify_parent(pio, zio, ZIO_WAIT_DONE);
3211                         }
3212                 }
3213 
3214                 if ((pio = zio_unique_parent(zio)) != NULL) {
3215                         /*
3216                          * We're not a root i/o, so there's nothing to do
3217                          * but notify our parent.  Don't propagate errors
3218                          * upward since we haven't permanently failed yet.
3219                          */
3220                         ASSERT(!(zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_GODFATHER));
3221                         zio->io_flags |= ZIO_FLAG_DONT_PROPAGATE;
3222                         zio_notify_parent(pio, zio, ZIO_WAIT_DONE);
3223                 } else if (zio->io_reexecute & ZIO_REEXECUTE_SUSPEND) {
3224                         /*
3225                          * We'd fail again if we reexecuted now, so suspend
3226                          * until conditions improve (e.g. device comes online).
3227                          */
3228                         zio_suspend(spa, zio);
3229                 } else {
3230                         /*
3231                          * Reexecution is potentially a huge amount of work.
3232                          * Hand it off to the otherwise-unused claim taskq.
3233                          */
3234                         ASSERT(zio->io_tqent.tqent_next == NULL);
3235                         spa_taskq_dispatch_ent(spa, ZIO_TYPE_CLAIM,
3236                             ZIO_TASKQ_ISSUE, (task_func_t *)zio_reexecute, zio,
3237                             0, &zio->io_tqent);
3238                 }
3239                 return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
3240         }
3241 
3242         ASSERT(zio->io_child_count == 0);
3243         ASSERT(zio->io_reexecute == 0);
3244         ASSERT(zio->io_error == 0 || (zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_CANFAIL));
3245 
3246         /*
3247          * Report any checksum errors, since the I/O is complete.
3248          */
3249         while (zio->io_cksum_report != NULL) {
3250                 zio_cksum_report_t *zcr = zio->io_cksum_report;
3251                 zio->io_cksum_report = zcr->zcr_next;
3252                 zcr->zcr_next = NULL;
3253                 zcr->zcr_finish(zcr, NULL);
3254                 zfs_ereport_free_checksum(zcr);
3255         }
3256 
3257         /*
3258          * It is the responsibility of the done callback to ensure that this
3259          * particular zio is no longer discoverable for adoption, and as
3260          * such, cannot acquire any new parents.
3261          */
3262         if (zio->io_done)
3263                 zio->io_done(zio);
3264 
3265         mutex_enter(&zio->io_lock);
3266         zio->io_state[ZIO_WAIT_DONE] = 1;
3267         mutex_exit(&zio->io_lock);
3268 
3269         for (pio = zio_walk_parents(zio); pio != NULL; pio = pio_next) {
3270                 zio_link_t *zl = zio->io_walk_link;
3271                 pio_next = zio_walk_parents(zio);
3272                 zio_remove_child(pio, zio, zl);
3273                 zio_notify_parent(pio, zio, ZIO_WAIT_DONE);
3274         }
3275 
3276         if (zio->io_waiter != NULL) {
3277                 mutex_enter(&zio->io_lock);
3278                 zio->io_executor = NULL;
3279                 cv_broadcast(&zio->io_cv);
3280                 mutex_exit(&zio->io_lock);
3281         } else {
3282                 zio_destroy(zio);
3283         }
3284 
3285         return (ZIO_PIPELINE_STOP);
3286 }
3287 
3288 /*
3289  * ==========================================================================
3290  * I/O pipeline definition
3291  * ==========================================================================
3292  */
3293 static zio_pipe_stage_t *zio_pipeline[] = {
3294         NULL,
3295         zio_read_bp_init,
3296         zio_free_bp_init,
3297         zio_issue_async,
3298         zio_write_bp_init,
3299         zio_checksum_generate,
3300         zio_nop_write,
3301         zio_ddt_read_start,
3302         zio_ddt_read_done,
3303         zio_ddt_write,
3304         zio_ddt_free,
3305         zio_gang_assemble,
3306         zio_gang_issue,
3307         zio_dva_allocate,
3308         zio_dva_free,
3309         zio_dva_claim,
3310         zio_ready,
3311         zio_vdev_io_start,
3312         zio_vdev_io_done,
3313         zio_vdev_io_assess,
3314         zio_checksum_verify,
3315         zio_done
3316 };
3317 
3318 /* dnp is the dnode for zb1->zb_object */
3319 boolean_t
3320 zbookmark_is_before(const dnode_phys_t *dnp, const zbookmark_phys_t *zb1,
3321     const zbookmark_phys_t *zb2)
3322 {
3323         uint64_t zb1nextL0, zb2thisobj;
3324 
3325         ASSERT(zb1->zb_objset == zb2->zb_objset);
3326         ASSERT(zb2->zb_level == 0);
3327 
3328         /* The objset_phys_t isn't before anything. */
3329         if (dnp == NULL)
3330                 return (B_FALSE);
3331 
3332         zb1nextL0 = (zb1->zb_blkid + 1) <<
3333             ((zb1->zb_level) * (dnp->dn_indblkshift - SPA_BLKPTRSHIFT));
3334 
3335         zb2thisobj = zb2->zb_object ? zb2->zb_object :
3336             zb2->zb_blkid << (DNODE_BLOCK_SHIFT - DNODE_SHIFT);
3337 
3338         if (zb1->zb_object == DMU_META_DNODE_OBJECT) {
3339                 uint64_t nextobj = zb1nextL0 *
3340                     (dnp->dn_datablkszsec << SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT) >> DNODE_SHIFT;
3341                 return (nextobj <= zb2thisobj);
3342         }
3343 
3344         if (zb1->zb_object < zb2thisobj)
3345                 return (B_TRUE);
3346         if (zb1->zb_object > zb2thisobj)
3347                 return (B_FALSE);
3348         if (zb2->zb_object == DMU_META_DNODE_OBJECT)
3349                 return (B_FALSE);
3350         return (zb1nextL0 <= zb2->zb_blkid);
3351 }