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          --- old/usr/src/cmd/zic/northamerica
          +++ new/usr/src/cmd/zic/northamerica
   1      -# <pre>
   2    1  # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
   3    2  # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
   4    3  
   5    4  # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
   6    5  
   7      -# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
        6 +# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
   8    7  # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
   9      -# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
        8 +# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
        9 +# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
  10   10  
  11   11  # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
  12   12  # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  13   13  # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  14   14  
  15   15  ###############################################################################
  16   16  
  17   17  # United States
  18   18  
  19   19  # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
  20   20  # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
  21   21  # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
  22   22  # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
  23   23  # His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
  24   24  # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
  25   25  # in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
  26   26  # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
  27   27  # His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
  28   28  # and the most of the country soon followed suit.
  29   29  
  30   30  # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
  31   31  # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
  32   32  # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
  33   33  
  34   34  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
  35   35  # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
  36   36  # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
  37   37  # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
  38   38  # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
  39   39  # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
  40   40  
  41   41  # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
  42   42  # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
  43   43  # in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
  44   44  # of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
  45   45  # Not everyone is happy with the results:
  46   46  #
  47   47  #       I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
  
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  48   48  #       agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
  49   49  #       daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
  50   50  #       I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
  51   51  #       valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen.  As an admirer
  52   52  #       of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
  53   53  #       reduce my time for enjoying it.  At the back of the Daylight Saving
  54   54  #       scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
  55   55  #       to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
  56   56  #       them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
  57   57  #
  58      -#       -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
       58 +#        -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
  59   59  #          Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
  60   60  #
  61   61  # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
  62      -# Robert Garland's <a href="http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html">
  63      -# Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
  64      -# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927)</a>.
       62 +# Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
       63 +# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
       64 +# http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
  65   65  #
  66   66  # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
  67   67  # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
  68   68  # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
  69   69  # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
  70   70  
  71   71  # From Arthur David Olson:
  72   72  # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
  73   73  # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
  74   74  # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
  75   75  
  76   76  # From Arthur David Olson:
  77   77  # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
  78   78  # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
  79   79  
  80   80  # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
  81   81  # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
  82   82  # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
  83      -# An AltaVista search turned up
  84      -# <a href="http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html">:
       83 +# An AltaVista search turned up:
       84 +# http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
  85   85  # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
  86   86  # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
  87      -# </a> (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
       87 +# (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
  88   88  
  89   89  # From Joseph Gallant citing
  90   90  # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
  91   91  # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
  92   92  # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
  93   93  # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
  94   94  # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
  95   95  # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
  96   96  # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
  97   97  # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
  98   98  
  99   99  # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout.  From
 100  100  # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
 101  101  #
 102  102  # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
 103  103  # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
 104  104  # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
 105  105  # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
 106  106  # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
 107  107  # importance."
 108  108  #
 109  109  # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
 110  110  # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
 111  111  # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
 112  112  # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
 113  113  #
 114  114  # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
 115  115  
 116  116  # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
 117  117  # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
 118  118  # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
 119  119  # U.S. government action.  So even though the "US" rules have changed
 120  120  # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
 121  121  
 122  122  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 123  123  Rule    US      1918    1919    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 124  124  Rule    US      1918    1919    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 125  125  Rule    US      1942    only    -       Feb     9       2:00    1:00    W # War
 126  126  Rule    US      1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
 127  127  Rule    US      1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
 128  128  Rule    US      1967    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 129  129  Rule    US      1967    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 130  130  Rule    US      1974    only    -       Jan     6       2:00    1:00    D
 131  131  Rule    US      1975    only    -       Feb     23      2:00    1:00    D
 132  132  Rule    US      1976    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 133  133  Rule    US      1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
 134  134  Rule    US      2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
 135  135  Rule    US      2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S
 136  136  
 137  137  # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
 138  138  # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
 139  139  # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
 140  140  # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
 141  141  # this time zone package.
 142  142  # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
 143  143  # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
 144  144  # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
 145  145  # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
 146  146  # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
 147  147  
 148  148  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 149  149  Zone    EST              -5:00  -       EST
 150  150  Zone    MST              -7:00  -       MST
 151  151  Zone    HST             -10:00  -       HST
 152  152  Zone    EST5EDT          -5:00  US      E%sT
 153  153  Zone    CST6CDT          -6:00  US      C%sT
 154  154  Zone    MST7MDT          -7:00  US      M%sT
 155  155  Zone    PST8PDT          -8:00  US      P%sT
 156  156  
 157  157  # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 158  158  # ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
 159  159  #    old                         new
 160  160  #    Pacific Standard Time(PST)  -same-
 161  161  #    Yukon Standard Time(YST)    -same-
 162  162  #    Central Alaska S.T. (CAT)   Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
 163  163  #    Nome Standard Time (NT)     Bering Standard Time (BST)
 164  164  #
 165  165  # ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
 166  166  #    The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
 167  167  #    of the Aleutian islands.   No DST.
 168  168  
 169  169  # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 170  170  # The tables below use 'NST', not 'NT', for Nome Standard Time.
 171  171  # I invented 'CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
 172  172  
 173  173  # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 174  174  # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
  
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 175  175  # USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 176  176  # USA  CENTRAL       6 H  BEHIND UTC    CHICAGO, HOUSTON
 177  177  # USA  CENTRAL       5 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 178  178  # USA  MOUNTAIN      7 H  BEHIND UTC    DENVER
 179  179  # USA  MOUNTAIN      6 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 180  180  # USA  PACIFIC       8 H  BEHIND UTC    L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
 181  181  # USA  PACIFIC       7 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 182  182  # USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
 183  183  # USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
 184  184  # USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
 185      -# USA  - " -         9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
      185 +# USA    "           9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 186  186  # USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
 187  187  # USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY
 188  188  
 189  189  # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
 190  190  # The above dates are for 1988.
 191  191  # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
 192  192  # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
 193  193  # Aleutians.
 194  194  
 195  195  # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 196  196  # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
 197  197  # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward.  First, names
 198  198  # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
 199  199  # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
 200  200  #       (none)
 201  201  #       United States standard eastern time
 202  202  #       United States standard mountain time
 203  203  #       United States standard central time
 204  204  #       United States standard Pacific time
 205  205  #       (none)
 206  206  #       United States standard Alaska time
 207  207  #       (none)
 208  208  # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
 209  209  # public law 98-181):
 210  210  #       Atlantic standard time
 211  211  #       eastern standard time
 212  212  #       central standard time
 213  213  #       mountain standard time
 214  214  #       Pacific standard time
 215  215  #       Yukon standard time
 216  216  #       Alaska-Hawaii standard time
 217  217  #       Bering standard time
 218  218  # And after 1983-11-30:
 219  219  #       Atlantic standard time
 220  220  #       eastern standard time
 221  221  #       central standard time
 222  222  #       mountain standard time
 223  223  #       Pacific standard time
 224  224  #       Alaska standard time
 225  225  #       Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
 226  226  #       Samoa standard time
 227  227  # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
  
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 228  228  #
 229  229  # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
 230  230  # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced the abbreviation
 231  231  # "Chamorro Standard Time" for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.
 232  232  # See the file "australasia".
 233  233  
 234  234  # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
 235  235  # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
 236  236  #
 237  237  # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
 238      -#   (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
      238 +#   (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
 239  239  #   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
 240      -#     (1) by striking 'first Sunday of April' and inserting 'second
 241      -#     Sunday of March'; and
 242      -#     (2) by striking 'last Sunday of October' and inserting 'first
      240 +#     (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
      241 +#     Sunday of March"; and
      242 +#     (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
 243  243  #     Sunday of November'.
 244      -#   (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
      244 +#   (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
 245  245  #   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
 246      -#   (c) Report to Congress- Not later than 9 months after the effective
      246 +#   (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
 247  247  #   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
 248  248  #   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
 249  249  #   States.
 250      -#   (d) Right to Revert- Congress retains the right to revert the
      250 +#   (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
 251  251  #   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
 252  252  #   Department study is complete.
 253  253  
 254  254  # US eastern time, represented by New York
 255  255  
 256  256  # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
 257  257  # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
 258  258  # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
 259  259  # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
 260  260  # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
 261  261  # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
  
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 262  262  
 263  263  # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
 264  264  # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
 265  265  # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
 266  266  # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
 267  267  # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
 268  268  # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
 269  269  
 270  270  # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
 271  271  # According to today's Huntsville Times
 272      -# <http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1>
      272 +# http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
 273  273  # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
 274  274  # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
 275  275  # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
 276  276  # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
 277  277  # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
 278  278  # in Columbus."
 279  279  
 280  280  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 281  281  Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 282  282  Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 283  283  Rule    NYC     1921    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 284  284  Rule    NYC     1921    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 285  285  Rule    NYC     1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 286  286  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 287  287  Zone America/New_York   -4:56:02 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
 288  288                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1920
 289  289                          -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1942
 290  290                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1946
 291  291                          -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1967
 292  292                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 293  293  
 294  294  # US central time, represented by Chicago
 295  295  
 296  296  # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
 297  297  # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
 298  298  # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
 299  299  # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 300  300  # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
 301  301  # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
 302  302  # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
 303  303  # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
 304  304  
 305  305  # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
 306  306  # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
 307  307  # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change.  Because the local
 308  308  # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
 309  309  # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
 310  310  # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
 311  311  #
 312  312  # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
 313  313  # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
 314  314  # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
 315  315  # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
 316  316  
  
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 317  317  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 318  318  Rule    Chicago 1920    only    -       Jun     13      2:00    1:00    D
 319  319  Rule    Chicago 1920    1921    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 320  320  Rule    Chicago 1921    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 321  321  Rule    Chicago 1922    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 322  322  Rule    Chicago 1922    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 323  323  Rule    Chicago 1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 324  324  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 325  325  Zone America/Chicago    -5:50:36 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
 326  326                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
 327      -                        -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1936 Mar  1 2:00
 328      -                        -5:00   -       EST     1936 Nov 15 2:00
      327 +                        -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1936 Mar  1  2:00
      328 +                        -5:00   -       EST     1936 Nov 15  2:00
 329  329                          -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1942
 330  330                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 331  331                          -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1967
 332  332                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 333  333  # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
 334  334  Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
 335      -                        -7:00   US      M%sT    1992 Oct 25 02:00
      335 +                        -7:00   US      M%sT    1992 Oct 25  2:00
 336  336                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 337  337  # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
 338  338  # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
 339  339  # See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
 340  340  # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
 341  341  # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
 342  342  # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
 343  343  # See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
 344      -Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
 345      -                        -7:00   US      M%sT    2003 Oct 26 02:00
      344 +Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT      1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
      345 +                        -7:00   US      M%sT    2003 Oct 26  2:00
 346  346                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 347  347  
 348  348  # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
 349  349  # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
 350  350  # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
 351  351  # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
 352      -# <a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm">
 353  352  # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
 354      -# </a>
 355      -# <a href="http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html">
 356  353  # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
 357      -# </a>
 358  354  
 359  355  # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
 360  356  # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
 361  357  # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
 362  358  # largest city in Mercer County).  Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
 363      -# at 4715'51" north, 10146'40" west, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".
      359 +# at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset
      360 +# of 6h47'07".
 364  361  
 365      -Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
 366      -                        -7:00   US      M%sT    2010 Nov  7 2:00
      362 +Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
      363 +                        -7:00   US      M%sT    2010 Nov  7  2:00
 367  364                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 368  365  
 369  366  # US mountain time, represented by Denver
 370  367  #
 371  368  # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
 372  369  # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
 373  370  # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
 374  371  # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
 375  372  # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
 376  373  #
 377  374  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 378  375  Rule    Denver  1920    1921    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 379  376  Rule    Denver  1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 380  377  Rule    Denver  1921    only    -       May     22      2:00    0       S
 381  378  Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 382  379  Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 383  380  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
  
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 384  381  Zone America/Denver     -6:59:56 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
 385  382                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1920
 386  383                          -7:00   Denver  M%sT    1942
 387  384                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1946
 388  385                          -7:00   Denver  M%sT    1967
 389  386                          -7:00   US      M%sT
 390  387  
 391  388  # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
 392  389  #
 393  390  # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
 394      -# Idaho, Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties,
 395      -# and the northern three-quarters of Idaho county),
 396      -# most of Nevada, most of Oregon, and Washington
      391 +# Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
      392 +# north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
      393 +# Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern 3/4 of
      394 +# Malheur county), and Washington
 397  395  #
 398  396  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 399  397  Rule    CA      1948    only    -       Mar     14      2:00    1:00    D
 400  398  Rule    CA      1949    only    -       Jan      1      2:00    0       S
 401  399  Rule    CA      1950    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 402  400  Rule    CA      1950    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 403  401  Rule    CA      1962    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 404  402  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 405  403  Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -     LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 406  404                          -8:00   US      P%sT    1946
 407  405                          -8:00   CA      P%sT    1967
 408  406                          -8:00   US      P%sT
 409  407  
 410  408  # Alaska
 411  409  # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
 412  410  #
 413  411  # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 414  412  # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
 415  413  # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
 416  414  # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
  
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 417  415  # also a Friday.  Include only the time zone part of this transition,
 418  416  # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
 419  417  # the Julian calendar.
 420  418  #
 421  419  # As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
 422  420  # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
 423  421  # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
 424  422  # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  However, there
 425  423  # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
 426  424  # it's best to simply use the official transition.
 427      -#
 428  425  
 429      -# From Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31):
 430      -# The author lives in Alaska and many of the references listed are only
 431      -# available to Alaskan residents.
      426 +# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
      427 +# One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
      428 +# daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
      429 +# "Welcome to Juneau.  Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
      430 +# See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
      431 +# http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
 432  432  #
 433      -# <a href="http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98">
 434      -# http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98
 435      -# </a>
      433 +# Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
      434 +# Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
      435 +# Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
      436 +# http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
 436  437  
 437  438  # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
 438  439  # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
 439  440  #
 440  441  # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
 441  442  # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
 442  443  # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
 443  444  # Pacific Time.
 444  445  #
 445  446  # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
 446  447  # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
 447  448  # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
 448  449  #
 449  450  # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
 450  451  # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
  
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 451  452  #
 452  453  # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
 453  454  # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
 454  455  #
 455  456  # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
 456  457  # Nation.)
 457  458  
 458  459  # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
 459  460  # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
 460  461  # Community office (using contact information available at
 461      -# <a href="http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla">
 462  462  # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
 463      -# </a>).
 464  463  # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
 465  464  # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
 466      -# that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no--they were on their
      465 +# that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
 467  466  # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
 468  467  # did not inquire about practices in the past.
 469  468  
 470  469  # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
 471  470  # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
 472  471  # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
 473  472  
 474  473  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 475  474  Zone America/Juneau      15:02:19 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 476  475                           -8:57:41 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 477  476                           -8:00  -       PST     1942
 478  477                           -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 479  478                           -8:00  -       PST     1969
 480      -                         -8:00  US      P%sT    1980 Apr 27 2:00
 481      -                         -9:00  US      Y%sT    1980 Oct 26 2:00
 482      -                         -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30 2:00
      479 +                         -8:00  US      P%sT    1980 Apr 27  2:00
      480 +                         -9:00  US      Y%sT    1980 Oct 26  2:00
      481 +                         -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 483  482                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 484  483                           -9:00  US      AK%sT
 485  484  Zone America/Sitka       14:58:47 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 486  485                           -9:01:13 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 487  486                           -8:00  -       PST     1942
 488  487                           -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 489  488                           -8:00  -       PST     1969
 490      -                         -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30 2:00
      489 +                         -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 491  490                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 492  491                           -9:00  US      AK%sT
 493  492  Zone America/Metlakatla  15:13:42 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 494  493                           -8:46:18 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 495  494                           -8:00  -       PST     1942
 496  495                           -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 497  496                           -8:00  -       PST     1969
 498      -                         -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30 2:00
 499      -                         -8:00  -       MeST
      497 +                         -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
      498 +                         -8:00  -       PST
 500  499  Zone America/Yakutat     14:41:05 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 501  500                           -9:18:55 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 502  501                           -9:00  -       YST     1942
 503  502                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1946
 504  503                           -9:00  -       YST     1969
 505  504                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 506  505                           -9:00  US      AK%sT
 507  506  Zone America/Anchorage   14:00:24 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 508  507                           -9:59:36 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 509  508                          -10:00  -       CAT     1942
 510  509                          -10:00  US      CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
 511  510                          -10:00  US      CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
 512  511                          -10:00  -       CAT     1967 Apr
 513  512                          -10:00  -       AHST    1969
 514      -                        -10:00  US      AH%sT   1983 Oct 30 2:00
      513 +                        -10:00  US      AH%sT   1983 Oct 30  2:00
 515  514                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 516  515                           -9:00  US      AK%sT
 517  516  Zone America/Nome        12:58:21 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 518  517                          -11:01:38 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 519  518                          -11:00  -       NST     1942
 520  519                          -11:00  US      N%sT    1946
 521  520                          -11:00  -       NST     1967 Apr
 522  521                          -11:00  -       BST     1969
 523      -                        -11:00  US      B%sT    1983 Oct 30 2:00
      522 +                        -11:00  US      B%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 524  523                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 525  524                           -9:00  US      AK%sT
 526  525  Zone America/Adak        12:13:21 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 527  526                          -11:46:38 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 528  527                          -11:00  -       NST     1942
 529  528                          -11:00  US      N%sT    1946
 530  529                          -11:00  -       NST     1967 Apr
 531  530                          -11:00  -       BST     1969
 532      -                        -11:00  US      B%sT    1983 Oct 30 2:00
      531 +                        -11:00  US      B%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 533  532                          -10:00  US      AH%sT   1983 Nov 30
 534  533                          -10:00  US      HA%sT
 535  534  # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
 536  535  #
 537  536  # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
 538  537  # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
 539  538  # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
 540  539  #
 541  540  # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
 542  541  # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
 543  542  # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
 544  543  # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
 545  544  # possibly until 1983:
 546  545  #
 547  546  #  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
 548  547  #  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
 549  548  #  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
 550      -#  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson:  Be it
      549 +#  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
 551  550  #  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
 552  551  #  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
 553  552  #  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
 554  553  #  three votes for and one against."
 555  554  
 556  555  # Hawaii
 557  556  
 558  557  # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
 559  558  # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
 560  559  # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
 561  560  # the article is available at
 562      -# <a href="http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf">
 563  561  # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
 564      -# </a>
 565  562  # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
 566  563  # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
 567  564  # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
 568  565  # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
 569  566  # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
 570  567  # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
 571  568  # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
 572  569  # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
 573  570  # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
 574  571  # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
 575  572  # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
 576  573  
 577  574  # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
 578  575  # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
 579  576  # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
 580  577  # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
 581  578  # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
 582  579  # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
 583  580  # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
 584  581  # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
 585      -# Hawaii." Page 172:  "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
      582 +# Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
 586  583  # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
 587  584  # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
 588  585  # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
 589  586  # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
 590  587  # of the Territory of Hawaii."
 591  588  #
 592  589  # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
 593  590  # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
 594  591  
 595      -Zone Pacific/Honolulu   -10:31:26 -     LMT     1896 Jan 13 12:00 #Schmitt&Cox
 596      -                        -10:30  -       HST     1933 Apr 30 2:00 #Laws 1933
 597      -                        -10:30  1:00    HDT     1933 May 21 12:00 #Laws 1933+12
 598      -                        -10:30  -       HST     1942 Feb 09 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
 599      -                        -10:30  1:00    HDT     1945 Sep 30 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
 600      -                        -10:30  -       HST     1947 Jun  8 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
      592 +# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
      593 +Zone Pacific/Honolulu   -10:31:26 -     LMT     1896 Jan 13 12:00
      594 +                        -10:30  -       HST     1933 Apr 30  2:00
      595 +                        -10:30  1:00    HDT     1933 May 21 12:00
      596 +                        -10:30  -       HST     1942 Feb  9  2:00
      597 +                        -10:30  1:00    HDT     1945 Sep 30  2:00
      598 +                        -10:30  -       HST     1947 Jun  8  2:00
 601  599                          -10:00  -       HST
 602      -
 603  600  Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
 604  601  
 605  602  # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
 606  603  
 607  604  # Arizona mostly uses MST.
 608  605  
 609  606  # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
 610  607  #
 611  608  # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
 612      -# <a href="http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm">
 613      -# Daylight Saving Time web page (2002-01-23)</a> maintained by the
 614      -# Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
      609 +# Daylight Saving Time web page
      610 +# <http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm> (2002-01-23)
      611 +# maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
 615  612  # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
 616  613  # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
 617  614  # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
 618  615  # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time.  The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
 619  616  # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
 620  617  # the date the state's clocks would change.  In 1945 the State of
 621  618  # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
 622  619  # mandated by federal law.  Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
 623  620  # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
 624  621  #
 625  622  # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
 626  623  # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
 627  624  
      625 +# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 628  626  Zone America/Phoenix    -7:28:18 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
 629      -                        -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Jan  1 00:01
 630      -                        -7:00   -       MST     1944 Apr  1 00:01
 631      -                        -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Oct  1 00:01
      627 +                        -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Jan  1  0:01
      628 +                        -7:00   -       MST     1944 Apr  1  0:01
      629 +                        -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Oct  1  0:01
 632  630                          -7:00   -       MST     1967
 633  631                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1968 Mar 21
 634  632                          -7:00   -       MST
 635  633  # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 636  634  # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
 637  635  # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
 638  636  # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
 639  637  # large size and location in three states."  (The "only" means that other
 640  638  # tribal nations don't use DST.)
 641  639  #
 642  640  # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
 643  641  # See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
 644  642  
  
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 645  643  # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
 646  644  # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
 647  645  # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
 648  646  # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
 649  647  # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
 650  648  # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
 651  649  # switched four weeks late in 1974.
 652  650  #
 653  651  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 654  652  Zone America/Boise      -7:44:49 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
 655      -                        -8:00   US      P%sT    1923 May 13 2:00
      653 +                        -8:00   US      P%sT    1923 May 13  2:00
 656  654                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1974
 657      -                        -7:00   -       MST     1974 Feb  3 2:00
      655 +                        -7:00   -       MST     1974 Feb  3  2:00
 658  656                          -7:00   US      M%sT
 659  657  
 660  658  # Indiana
 661  659  #
 662  660  # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
 663      -# <a href="http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html">
 664      -# What time is it in Indiana?
 665      -# </a> (2006-03-01)
      661 +# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
 666  662  #
 667  663  # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 668  664  # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
 669  665  # with the following exceptions:
 670  666  #
 671  667  # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 672      -#   Vandenburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
      668 +#   Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
 673  669  #
 674  670  # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
 675  671  #
 676  672  # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
 677  673  #   America/Kentucky/Louisville.
 678  674  #
 679  675  # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
 680  676  #   and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
 681  677  #
 682  678  # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
 683  679  # and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
 684  680  # Those Hoosiers!  Such a flighty and changeable people!
 685  681  # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 686  682  #
 687  683  # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
 688  684  # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
 689  685  # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
 690  686  
 691      -# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
 692      -# http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.
 693      -
 694      -# From Nathan Stratton Treadway (2006-03-30):
 695      -# http://www.dot.gov/affairs/dot0406.htm [3705 B]
 696      -# From Deborah Goldsmith (2006-01-18):
 697      -# http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/pdf95/382329_web.pdf [2.9 MB]
 698      -# From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
 699      -# It says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
      687 +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
      688 +# https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
      689 +# says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
 700  690  # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
 701  691  # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
 702      -# this rule is 2:OO a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
      692 +# this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
 703  693  # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
 704      -# Strictly speaking, this means the affected counties will change their
 705      -# clocks twice that night, but this obviously is in error.  The intent
 706      -# is that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
      694 +# Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
      695 +# clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error.  The intent
      696 +# was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
 707  697  
 708  698  # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
 709  699  # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
 710  700  # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
 711  701  # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
 712  702  
 713  703  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 714  704  Rule Indianapolis 1941  only    -       Jun     22      2:00    1:00    D
 715  705  Rule Indianapolis 1941  1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 716  706  Rule Indianapolis 1946  1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 717  707  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 718      -Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
      708 +Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT        1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
 719  709                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
 720  710                          -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
 721  711                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 722      -                        -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00
 723      -                        -5:00   -       EST     1957 Sep 29 2:00
 724      -                        -6:00   -       CST     1958 Apr 27 2:00
      712 +                        -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24  2:00
      713 +                        -5:00   -       EST     1957 Sep 29  2:00
      714 +                        -6:00   -       CST     1958 Apr 27  2:00
 725  715                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 726  716                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 727  717                          -5:00   -       EST     2006
 728  718                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 729  719  #
 730  720  # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
 731  721  # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
 732  722  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 733  723  Rule    Marengo 1951    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 734  724  Rule    Marengo 1951    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 735  725  Rule    Marengo 1954    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 736  726  Rule    Marengo 1954    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 737  727  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 738  728  Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
 739  729                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1951
 740      -                        -6:00   Marengo C%sT    1961 Apr 30 2:00
      730 +                        -6:00   Marengo C%sT    1961 Apr 30  2:00
 741  731                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 742      -                        -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6 2:00
 743      -                        -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27 2:00
      732 +                        -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6  2:00
      733 +                        -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27  2:00
 744  734                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1976
 745  735                          -5:00   -       EST     2006
 746  736                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 747  737  #
 748  738  # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
 749  739  # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
 750  740  # in November 2007.
 751  741  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 752  742  Rule Vincennes  1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 753  743  Rule Vincennes  1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 754  744  Rule Vincennes  1953    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 755  745  Rule Vincennes  1953    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 756  746  Rule Vincennes  1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
 757  747  Rule Vincennes  1956    1963    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 758  748  Rule Vincennes  1960    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 759  749  Rule Vincennes  1961    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 760  750  Rule Vincennes  1962    1963    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 761  751  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 762  752  Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT   1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
 763  753                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 764      -                        -6:00 Vincennes C%sT    1964 Apr 26 2:00
      754 +                        -6:00 Vincennes C%sT    1964 Apr 26  2:00
 765  755                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 766  756                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 767      -                        -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2 2:00
 768      -                        -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Nov  4 2:00
      757 +                        -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
      758 +                        -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Nov  4  2:00
 769  759                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 770  760  #
 771  761  # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
 772  762  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 773  763  Rule Perry      1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 774  764  Rule Perry      1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 775  765  Rule Perry      1953    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 776  766  Rule Perry      1953    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 777  767  Rule Perry      1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
 778  768  Rule Perry      1956    1963    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 779  769  Rule Perry      1960    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 780  770  Rule Perry      1961    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 781  771  Rule Perry      1962    1963    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 782  772  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 783  773  Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT   1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
 784  774                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 785      -                        -6:00 Perry     C%sT    1964 Apr 26 2:00
      775 +                        -6:00 Perry     C%sT    1964 Apr 26  2:00
 786  776                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 787  777                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 788      -                        -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2 2:00
      778 +                        -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 789  779                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 790  780  #
 791  781  # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
 792  782  # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
 793  783  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 794  784  Rule    Pike    1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
 795  785  Rule    Pike    1955    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 796  786  Rule    Pike    1956    1964    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 797  787  Rule    Pike    1961    1964    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 798  788  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 799  789  Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT  1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
 800  790                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1955
 801      -                        -6:00   Pike    C%sT    1965 Apr 25 2:00
 802      -                        -5:00   -       EST     1966 Oct 30 2:00
 803      -                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1977 Oct 30 2:00
 804      -                        -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2 2:00
 805      -                        -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Nov  4 2:00
      791 +                        -6:00   Pike    C%sT    1965 Apr 25  2:00
      792 +                        -5:00   -       EST     1966 Oct 30  2:00
      793 +                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1977 Oct 30  2:00
      794 +                        -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
      795 +                        -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Nov  4  2:00
 806  796                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 807  797  #
 808  798  # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
 809  799  # then switched back in 2006.
 810  800  # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
 811  801  # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
 812  802  # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
 813  803  # 1991-10-27.
 814  804  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 815  805  Rule    Starke  1947    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 816  806  Rule    Starke  1947    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 817  807  Rule    Starke  1955    1956    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 818  808  Rule    Starke  1957    1958    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 819  809  Rule    Starke  1959    1961    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 820  810  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 821  811  Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 -    LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
 822  812                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1947
 823      -                        -6:00   Starke  C%sT    1962 Apr 29 2:00
 824      -                        -5:00   -       EST     1963 Oct 27 2:00
 825      -                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1991 Oct 27 2:00
 826      -                        -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2 2:00
      813 +                        -6:00   Starke  C%sT    1962 Apr 29  2:00
      814 +                        -5:00   -       EST     1963 Oct 27  2:00
      815 +                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1991 Oct 27  2:00
      816 +                        -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 827  817                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 828  818  #
 829  819  # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
 830  820  # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
 831  821  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 832  822  Rule    Pulaski 1946    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 833  823  Rule    Pulaski 1946    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 834  824  Rule    Pulaski 1955    1956    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 835  825  Rule    Pulaski 1957    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 836  826  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 837  827  Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
 838  828                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 839      -                        -6:00   Pulaski C%sT    1961 Apr 30 2:00
      829 +                        -6:00   Pulaski C%sT    1961 Apr 30  2:00
 840  830                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 841  831                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 842      -                        -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2 2:00
 843      -                        -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Mar 11 2:00
      832 +                        -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
      833 +                        -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Mar 11  2:00
 844  834                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 845  835  #
 846  836  # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
 847  837  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 848  838  Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 -   LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
 849      -                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1954 Apr 25 2:00
      839 +                        -6:00   US      C%sT    1954 Apr 25  2:00
 850  840                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 851  841                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1973
 852  842                          -5:00   -       EST     2006
 853  843                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 854  844  
 855  845  # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
 856  846  # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
 857  847  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 858  848  Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       May     1       2:00    1:00    D
 859  849  Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       Sep     1       2:00    0       S
 860  850  Rule Louisville 1941    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 861  851  Rule Louisville 1941    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 862  852  Rule Louisville 1946    only    -       Jun     2       2:00    0       S
 863  853  Rule Louisville 1950    1955    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 864  854  Rule Louisville 1956    1960    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 865  855  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 866  856  Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -     LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
 867  857                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1921
 868  858                          -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1942
 869  859                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 870      -                        -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1961 Jul 23 2:00
      860 +                        -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1961 Jul 23  2:00
 871  861                          -5:00   -       EST     1968
 872      -                        -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6 2:00
 873      -                        -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27 2:00
      862 +                        -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6  2:00
      863 +                        -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27  2:00
 874  864                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 875  865  #
 876  866  # Wayne County, Kentucky
 877  867  #
 878      -# From
 879      -# <a href="http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml">
 880      -# Lake Cumberland LIFE
 881      -# </a> (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
      868 +# From Lake Cumberland LIFE
      869 +# http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
      870 +# (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
 882  871  # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
 883  872  # the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
 884  873  # the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
 885  874  # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
 886  875  # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
 887  876  # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
 888  877  # location in the Central time zone.
 889  878  #
 890  879  # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
 891  880  # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
 892  881  # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
 893  882  # (-0500) time.  They won't "fall back" this year.  See Sara Shipley,
 894  883  # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
 895  884  #
 896  885  # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
 897  886  # The final rule was published in the
 898      -# <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22">
 899      -# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158.
 900      -# </a>
      887 +# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
      888 +# http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22
 901  889  #
 902  890  Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
 903  891                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 904  892                          -6:00   -       CST     1968
 905  893                          -6:00   US      C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
 906  894                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 907  895  
 908  896  
 909  897  # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
 910  898  # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
 911  899  # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
 912  900  #       previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
 913  901  # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
 914  902  # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
  
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 915  903  # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
 916  904  # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
 917  905  #
 918  906  # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
 919  907  # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
 920  908  # so omit that change for now.
 921  909  # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
 922  910  # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
 923  911  # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
 924  912  # 1999-10-31.  See the
 925      -# <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15">
 926      -# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), page 56705-56707.
 927      -# </a>
      913 +# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
      914 +# http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15
 928  915  # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
 929  916  # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
 930  917  # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
 931  918  
 932  919  # Michigan
 933  920  #
 934  921  # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 935  922  # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
 936  923  #
 937  924  # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
 938  925  # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
 939  926  # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
 940  927  # that Detroit kept
 941  928  #
 942  929  #       local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
 943  930  #       be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
 944  931  #       city obeyed, half refused.  After considerable debate, the decision
 945  932  #       was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time.  A derisive offer to
 946  933  #       erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
 947  934  #       Committee on Sewers.  Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
 948  935  #       by city vote.
 949  936  #
 950  937  # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
 951  938  #
 952  939  # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
 953  940  # Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
 954  941  # one hour in 1914."  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
  
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 955  942  # info, so omit this for now.
 956  943  #
 957  944  # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
 958  945  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 959  946  Rule    Detroit 1948    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 960  947  Rule    Detroit 1948    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 961  948  Rule    Detroit 1967    only    -       Jun     14      2:00    1:00    D
 962  949  Rule    Detroit 1967    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 963  950  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 964  951  Zone America/Detroit    -5:32:11 -      LMT     1905
 965      -                        -6:00   -       CST     1915 May 15 2:00
      952 +                        -6:00   -       CST     1915 May 15  2:00
 966  953                          -5:00   -       EST     1942
 967  954                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1946
 968  955                          -5:00   Detroit E%sT    1973
 969  956                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1975
 970      -                        -5:00   -       EST     1975 Apr 27 2:00
      957 +                        -5:00   -       EST     1975 Apr 27  2:00
 971  958                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 972  959  #
 973  960  # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
 974  961  # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
 975  962  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 976  963  Rule Menominee  1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 977  964  Rule Menominee  1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 978  965  Rule Menominee  1966    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 979  966  Rule Menominee  1966    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 980  967  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 981  968  Zone America/Menominee  -5:50:27 -      LMT     1885 Sep 18 12:00
 982  969                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 983      -                        -6:00 Menominee C%sT    1969 Apr 27 2:00
 984      -                        -5:00   -       EST     1973 Apr 29 2:00
      970 +                        -6:00 Menominee C%sT    1969 Apr 27  2:00
      971 +                        -5:00   -       EST     1973 Apr 29  2:00
 985  972                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 986  973  
 987  974  # Navassa
 988  975  # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
 989  976  # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
 990  977  # also claimed by Haiti
 991  978  # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
 992  979  # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
 993  980  # currently uninhabited
 994  981  # see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
 995  982  # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
 996  983  # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
 997  984  
 998  985  ################################################################################
 999  986  
1000  987  
1001  988  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1002  989  # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
1003  990  # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
1004  991  # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1005  992  #
1006  993  # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
1007  994  # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
1008  995  # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1009  996  # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
1010  997  # of the IATA's data after 1990.
  
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1011  998  #
1012  999  # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
1013 1000  # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
1014 1001  #
1015 1002  # Other sources occasionally used include:
1016 1003  #
1017 1004  #       Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
1018 1005  #       Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
1019 1006  #       which I found in the UCLA library.
1020 1007  #
1021      -#       <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
1022 1008  #       William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
1023      -#       </a> (1914-03)
     1009 +#       <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
     1010 +#       [PDF] (1914-03)
1024 1011  #
1025 1012  #       Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
1026 1013  #       <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
1027 1014  #
1028 1015  # See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
1029 1016  
1030 1017  # Canada
1031 1018  
1032      -# From Alain LaBont<e'> (1994-11-14):
     1019 +# From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
1033 1020  # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
1034 1021  # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
1035 1022  #
1036      -#       UTC     Standard time   Daylight savings time
     1023 +#       UTC     Standard time   Daylight saving time
1037 1024  #       offset  French  English French  English
1038 1025  #       -2:30   -       -       HAT     NDT
1039 1026  #       -3      -       -       HAA     ADT
1040 1027  #       -3:30   HNT     NST     -       -
1041 1028  #       -4      HNA     AST     HAE     EDT
1042 1029  #       -5      HNE     EST     HAC     CDT
1043 1030  #       -6      HNC     CST     HAR     MDT
1044 1031  #       -7      HNR     MST     HAP     PDT
1045 1032  #       -8      HNP     PST     HAY     YDT
1046 1033  #       -9      HNY     YST     -       -
1047 1034  #
1048 1035  #       HN: Heure Normale       ST: Standard Time
1049      -#       HA: Heure Avanc<e'>e    DT: Daylight saving Time
     1036 +#       HA: Heure Avancée       DT: Daylight saving Time
1050 1037  #
1051 1038  #       A: de l'Atlantique      Atlantic
1052 1039  #       C: du Centre            Central
1053 1040  #       E: de l'Est             Eastern
1054 1041  #       M:                      Mountain
1055 1042  #       N:                      Newfoundland
1056 1043  #       P: du Pacifique         Pacific
1057 1044  #       R: des Rocheuses
1058 1045  #       T: de Terre-Neuve
1059 1046  #       Y: du Yukon             Yukon
1060 1047  #
1061 1048  # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
1062 1049  # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
1063 1050  
1064      -# Unless otherwise specified, the data for Canada are all from Shanks
     1051 +# Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
1065 1052  # & Pottenger.
1066 1053  
1067 1054  # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
1068 1055  # 2007-03-01):
1069 1056  # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
1070 1057  # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
1071 1058  # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
1072 1059  # http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
1073 1060  # ...
1074 1061  # Nova Scotia
1075 1062  # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
1076 1063  # http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
1077 1064  #
1078 1065  # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
1079 1066  # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
1080 1067  # http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
1081 1068  # ...
1082 1069  # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
1083 1070  # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
1084 1071  # http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
1085 1072  # ...
1086 1073  # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
1087 1074  # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
1088 1075  # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
1089 1076  # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
1090 1077  # ...
1091 1078  # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
1092 1079  # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
1093 1080  # ...
1094 1081  # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
1095 1082  # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
1096 1083  # ...
1097 1084  # Yukon
1098 1085  # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
1099 1086  # ...
1100 1087  # N.W.T. will follow US rules.  Whoever maintains the government web site
1101 1088  # does not seem to believe in bookmarks.  To see the news release, click the
1102 1089  # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change".  Press the
  
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1103 1090  # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
1104 1091  # JavaScript.
1105 1092  # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
1106 1093  # ...
1107 1094  # Nunavut
1108 1095  # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
1109 1096  # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
1110 1097  
1111 1098  # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1112 1099  # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
1113      -# <a href="http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp">
1114 1100  # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
1115      -# </a> contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
     1101 +# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
     1102 +# contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
1116 1103  # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
1117 1104  #
1118      -# INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has <a
1119      -# href="http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/time_services/daylight_saving_e.php">
     1105 +# INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has
1120 1106  # information about standard and daylight saving time zones in Canada.
1121      -# </a> (updated periodically).
     1107 +# http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/time_services/daylight_saving_e.php
     1108 +# (updated periodically).
1122 1109  # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
1123 1110  
1124 1111  # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1125 1112  # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
1126 1113  # new US DST rules,
1127 1114  
1128 1115  # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
1129 1116  # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
1130      -# <a href="http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260">
1131 1117  # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1132      -# </a>
1133 1118  # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
1134 1119  # The quote includes these two statements:
1135 1120  # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
1136 1121  # '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
1137 1122  # These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
1138 1123  # that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918.  This transition was
1139 1124  # also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
1140 1125  
1141 1126  # In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
1142 1127  # Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
1143 1128  # than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
1144 1129  
1145 1130  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1146 1131  Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1147 1132  Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1148 1133  Rule    Canada  1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1149 1134  Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1150 1135  Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1151 1136  Rule    Canada  1974    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1152 1137  Rule    Canada  1974    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1153 1138  Rule    Canada  1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
1154 1139  Rule    Canada  2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
1155 1140  Rule    Canada  2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S
1156 1141  
1157 1142  
1158 1143  # Newfoundland and Labrador
1159 1144  
1160 1145  # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1161 1146  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
1162 1147  # but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
1163 1148  # southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
1164 1149  # but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
1165 1150  
1166 1151  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1167 1152  Rule    StJohns 1917    only    -       Apr      8      2:00    1:00    D
1168 1153  Rule    StJohns 1917    only    -       Sep     17      2:00    0       S
1169 1154  # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1170 1155  Rule    StJohns 1919    only    -       May      5      23:00   1:00    D
1171 1156  Rule    StJohns 1919    only    -       Aug     12      23:00   0       S
1172 1157  # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1173 1158  Rule    StJohns 1920    1935    -       May     Sun>=1  23:00   1:00    D
1174 1159  Rule    StJohns 1920    1935    -       Oct     lastSun 23:00   0       S
1175 1160  # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
1176 1161  # Pottenger.
1177 1162  Rule    StJohns 1936    1941    -       May     Mon>=9  0:00    1:00    D
1178 1163  Rule    StJohns 1936    1941    -       Oct     Mon>=2  0:00    0       S
1179 1164  # Whitman gives the following transitions:
1180 1165  # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
1181 1166  # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
1182 1167  # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
1183 1168  # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1184 1169  Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       May     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
1185 1170  Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       Oct     Sun>=2  2:00    0       S
1186 1171  Rule    StJohns 1951    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1187 1172  Rule    StJohns 1951    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1188 1173  Rule    StJohns 1960    1986    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1189 1174  # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
  
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1190 1175  # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
1191 1176  # at 00:01 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.
1192 1177  
1193 1178  # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
1194 1179  # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
1195 1180  # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
1196 1181  # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
1197 1182  # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
1198 1183  # now occurs at 2:00AM.
1199 1184  # ...
1200      -# <a href="http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm">
1201 1185  # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
1202      -# </a>
1203 1186  # ...
1204 1187  # MICHAEL PELLEY  |  Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
1205 1188  # Office of the Chief Information Officer
1206 1189  # Executive Council
1207 1190  # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
1208 1191  
1209 1192  Rule    StJohns 1987    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:01    1:00    D
1210 1193  Rule    StJohns 1987    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:01    0       S
1211 1194  Rule    StJohns 1988    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:01    2:00    DD
1212 1195  Rule    StJohns 1989    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:01    1:00    D
1213 1196  Rule    StJohns 2007    2011    -       Mar     Sun>=8  0:01    1:00    D
1214 1197  Rule    StJohns 2007    2010    -       Nov     Sun>=1  0:01    0       S
1215 1198  #
1216 1199  # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1217 1200  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1218 1201  Zone America/St_Johns   -3:30:52 -      LMT     1884
1219 1202                          -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1918
1220 1203                          -3:30:52 Canada N%sT    1919
1221 1204                          -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1935 Mar 30
1222 1205                          -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1942 May 11
1223 1206                          -3:30   Canada  N%sT    1946
1224 1207                          -3:30   StJohns N%sT    2011 Nov
1225 1208                          -3:30   Canada  N%sT
1226 1209  
1227 1210  # most of east Labrador
  
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1228 1211  
1229 1212  # The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
1230 1213  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1231 1214  Zone America/Goose_Bay  -4:01:40 -      LMT     1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
1232 1215                          -3:30:52 -      NST     1918
1233 1216                          -3:30:52 Canada N%sT    1919
1234 1217                          -3:30:52 -      NST     1935 Mar 30
1235 1218                          -3:30   -       NST     1936
1236 1219                          -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1942 May 11
1237 1220                          -3:30   Canada  N%sT    1946
1238      -                        -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1966 Mar 15 2:00
     1221 +                        -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1966 Mar 15  2:00
1239 1222                          -4:00   StJohns A%sT    2011 Nov
1240 1223                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1241 1224  
1242 1225  
1243 1226  # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
1244 1227  
1245 1228  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1246 1229  # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
1247 1230  # Halifax.  Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
1248 1231  # Glace Bay, NS is the largest that we know of.
1249 1232  # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
1250 1233  # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
1251 1234  # this is a typo.
1252 1235  
1253 1236  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1254 1237  Rule    Halifax 1916    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    D
1255 1238  Rule    Halifax 1916    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       S
1256 1239  Rule    Halifax 1920    only    -       May      9      0:00    1:00    D
1257 1240  Rule    Halifax 1920    only    -       Aug     29      0:00    0       S
1258 1241  Rule    Halifax 1921    only    -       May      6      0:00    1:00    D
1259 1242  Rule    Halifax 1921    1922    -       Sep      5      0:00    0       S
1260 1243  Rule    Halifax 1922    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
1261 1244  Rule    Halifax 1923    1925    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
1262 1245  Rule    Halifax 1923    only    -       Sep      4      0:00    0       S
1263 1246  Rule    Halifax 1924    only    -       Sep     15      0:00    0       S
1264 1247  Rule    Halifax 1925    only    -       Sep     28      0:00    0       S
1265 1248  Rule    Halifax 1926    only    -       May     16      0:00    1:00    D
1266 1249  Rule    Halifax 1926    only    -       Sep     13      0:00    0       S
1267 1250  Rule    Halifax 1927    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
1268 1251  Rule    Halifax 1927    only    -       Sep     26      0:00    0       S
1269 1252  Rule    Halifax 1928    1931    -       May     Sun>=8  0:00    1:00    D
1270 1253  Rule    Halifax 1928    only    -       Sep      9      0:00    0       S
1271 1254  Rule    Halifax 1929    only    -       Sep      3      0:00    0       S
1272 1255  Rule    Halifax 1930    only    -       Sep     15      0:00    0       S
1273 1256  Rule    Halifax 1931    1932    -       Sep     Mon>=24 0:00    0       S
1274 1257  Rule    Halifax 1932    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
1275 1258  Rule    Halifax 1933    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
1276 1259  Rule    Halifax 1933    only    -       Oct      2      0:00    0       S
1277 1260  Rule    Halifax 1934    only    -       May     20      0:00    1:00    D
1278 1261  Rule    Halifax 1934    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    0       S
1279 1262  Rule    Halifax 1935    only    -       Jun      2      0:00    1:00    D
1280 1263  Rule    Halifax 1935    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       S
1281 1264  Rule    Halifax 1936    only    -       Jun      1      0:00    1:00    D
1282 1265  Rule    Halifax 1936    only    -       Sep     14      0:00    0       S
1283 1266  Rule    Halifax 1937    1938    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
1284 1267  Rule    Halifax 1937    1941    -       Sep     Mon>=24 0:00    0       S
1285 1268  Rule    Halifax 1939    only    -       May     28      0:00    1:00    D
1286 1269  Rule    Halifax 1940    1941    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
1287 1270  Rule    Halifax 1946    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1288 1271  Rule    Halifax 1946    1949    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
  
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1289 1272  Rule    Halifax 1951    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1290 1273  Rule    Halifax 1951    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1291 1274  Rule    Halifax 1956    1959    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1292 1275  Rule    Halifax 1956    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1293 1276  Rule    Halifax 1962    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1294 1277  Rule    Halifax 1962    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1295 1278  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1296 1279  Zone America/Halifax    -4:14:24 -      LMT     1902 Jun 15
1297 1280                          -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1918
1298 1281                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1919
1299      -                        -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1942 Feb  9 2:00s
     1282 +                        -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1300 1283                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1946
1301 1284                          -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1974
1302 1285                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1303 1286  Zone America/Glace_Bay  -3:59:48 -      LMT     1902 Jun 15
1304 1287                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1953
1305 1288                          -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1954
1306 1289                          -4:00   -       AST     1972
1307 1290                          -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1974
1308 1291                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1309 1292  
1310 1293  # New Brunswick
1311 1294  
1312 1295  # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
1313 1296  # The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
1314 1297  # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
1315 1298  # <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
1316 1299  # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
1317 1300  # For now, assume it started in 1993.
1318 1301  
1319 1302  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1320 1303  Rule    Moncton 1933    1935    -       Jun     Sun>=8  1:00    1:00    D
1321 1304  Rule    Moncton 1933    1935    -       Sep     Sun>=8  1:00    0       S
1322 1305  Rule    Moncton 1936    1938    -       Jun     Sun>=1  1:00    1:00    D
1323 1306  Rule    Moncton 1936    1938    -       Sep     Sun>=1  1:00    0       S
1324 1307  Rule    Moncton 1939    only    -       May     27      1:00    1:00    D
1325 1308  Rule    Moncton 1939    1941    -       Sep     Sat>=21 1:00    0       S
1326 1309  Rule    Moncton 1940    only    -       May     19      1:00    1:00    D
1327 1310  Rule    Moncton 1941    only    -       May      4      1:00    1:00    D
1328 1311  Rule    Moncton 1946    1972    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1329 1312  Rule    Moncton 1946    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1330 1313  Rule    Moncton 1957    1972    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1331 1314  Rule    Moncton 1993    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:01    1:00    D
1332 1315  Rule    Moncton 1993    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:01    0       S
1333 1316  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1334 1317  Zone America/Moncton    -4:19:08 -      LMT     1883 Dec  9
1335 1318                          -5:00   -       EST     1902 Jun 15
1336 1319                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1933
1337 1320                          -4:00   Moncton A%sT    1942
1338 1321                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1946
1339 1322                          -4:00   Moncton A%sT    1973
1340 1323                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1993
1341 1324                          -4:00   Moncton A%sT    2007
1342 1325                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1343 1326  
1344 1327  # Quebec
1345 1328  
1346 1329  # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-30):
1347 1330  # Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto.
  
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1348 1331  # However, because earlier versions of the tz database mistakenly relied on data
1349 1332  # from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec differed from Ontario after 1970,
1350 1333  # a separate entry was created for most of Quebec.  We're loath to lose
1351 1334  # its pre-1970 info, even though the tz database is normally limited to
1352 1335  # zones that differ after 1970, so keep this otherwise out-of-scope entry.
1353 1336  
1354 1337  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
1355 1338  # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
1356 1339  # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
1357 1340  # The Quebec department of justice writes in
1358      -# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Cote-Nord"
     1341 +# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
1359 1342  # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
1360 1343  # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
1361 1344  # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
1362 1345  # http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
1363 1346  # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
1364 1347  # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
1365 1348  # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
1366      -# for post-1970 data America/Puerto_Rico.
1367 1349  
1368 1350  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1369 1351  Rule    Mont    1917    only    -       Mar     25      2:00    1:00    D
1370 1352  Rule    Mont    1917    only    -       Apr     24      0:00    0       S
1371 1353  Rule    Mont    1919    only    -       Mar     31      2:30    1:00    D
1372 1354  Rule    Mont    1919    only    -       Oct     25      2:30    0       S
1373 1355  Rule    Mont    1920    only    -       May      2      2:30    1:00    D
1374 1356  Rule    Mont    1920    1922    -       Oct     Sun>=1  2:30    0       S
1375 1357  Rule    Mont    1921    only    -       May      1      2:00    1:00    D
1376 1358  Rule    Mont    1922    only    -       Apr     30      2:00    1:00    D
1377 1359  Rule    Mont    1924    only    -       May     17      2:00    1:00    D
1378 1360  Rule    Mont    1924    1926    -       Sep     lastSun 2:30    0       S
1379 1361  Rule    Mont    1925    1926    -       May     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
1380      -# The 1927-to-1937 rules can be expressed more simply as
1381      -# Rule  Mont    1927    1937    -       Apr     lastSat 24:00   1:00    D
1382      -# Rule  Mont    1927    1937    -       Sep     lastSat 24:00   0       S
1383      -# The rules below avoid use of 24:00
1384      -# (which pre-1998 versions of zic cannot handle).
1385      -Rule    Mont    1927    only    -       May     1       0:00    1:00    D
1386      -Rule    Mont    1927    1932    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
1387      -Rule    Mont    1928    1931    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
1388      -Rule    Mont    1932    only    -       May     1       0:00    1:00    D
1389      -Rule    Mont    1933    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
1390      -Rule    Mont    1933    only    -       Oct     1       0:00    0       S
1391      -Rule    Mont    1934    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
     1362 +Rule    Mont    1927    1937    -       Apr     lastSat 24:00   1:00    D
     1363 +Rule    Mont    1927    1937    -       Sep     lastSat 24:00   0       S
     1364 +Rule    Mont    1938    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
     1365 +Rule    Mont    1938    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
1392 1366  Rule    Mont    1946    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1393 1367  Rule    Mont    1945    1948    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1394 1368  Rule    Mont    1949    1950    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1395 1369  Rule    Mont    1951    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1396 1370  Rule    Mont    1957    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1397 1371  
1398 1372  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1399 1373  Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -    LMT     1884
1400 1374                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1970
1401 1375                          -4:00   -       AST
1402 1376  Zone America/Montreal   -4:54:16 -      LMT     1884
1403 1377                          -5:00   Mont    E%sT    1918
1404 1378                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1919
1405      -                        -5:00   Mont    E%sT    1942 Feb  9 2:00s
     1379 +                        -5:00   Mont    E%sT    1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1406 1380                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1946
1407 1381                          -5:00   Mont    E%sT    1974
1408 1382                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1409 1383  
1410 1384  # Ontario
1411 1385  
1412 1386  # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1413 1387  # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1414 1388  # Toronto.
1415 1389  # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1416 1390  # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
  
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1417 1391  # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1418 1392  # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
1419 1393  
1420 1394  # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1421 1395  # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
1422 1396  # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
1423 1397  # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
1424 1398  # have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
1425 1399  # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
1426 1400  # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
1427      -# only two weeks -- I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
     1401 +# only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
1428 1402  # presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
1429 1403  # earlier in June).
1430 1404  #
1431 1405  # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
1432 1406  
1433 1407  # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
1434 1408  # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
1435 1409  # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
1436 1410  # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
1437      -# He also writes that the
1438      -# <a href="http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html">
1439      -# Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
1440      -# </a>
     1411 +# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
     1412 +# http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
1441 1413  # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
1442 1414  # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
1443 1415  # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
1444 1416  #
1445 1417  # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1446 1418  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
1447 1419  # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
1448 1420  # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
1449 1421  # violation of the official Ontario rules.
1450 1422  #
1451 1423  # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1452 1424  # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
1453 1425  # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
1454 1426  #
1455 1427  #       The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
1456 1428  #       This means they spend about half the time on central time and
1457 1429  #       the other half on eastern time.
1458 1430  #
1459 1431  #       For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
1460 1432  #
1461 1433  #       "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
1462 1434  #       Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
1463 1435  #       said.  "I don't see any changes happening here."
1464 1436  #
1465 1437  # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
1466 1438  # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
1467 1439  
1468 1440  # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
1469 1441  # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
1470 1442  # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
1471 1443  # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
1472 1444  # time keeping since 1952, at least.
1473 1445  
1474 1446  # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
1475 1447  # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
1476 1448  # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
1477 1449  # McKinnon sounds more authoritative.  For now, assume that Atikokan
1478 1450  # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
1479 1451  # ended.  This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
1480 1452  # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
1481 1453  # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
1482 1454  
1483 1455  # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
1484 1456  #
1485 1457  # Currently the database has:
1486 1458  #
1487 1459  # # Ontario
1488 1460  #
1489 1461  # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1490 1462  # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1491 1463  # # Toronto.
1492 1464  # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1493 1465  # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1494 1466  # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1495 1467  #
1496 1468  # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
1497 1469  # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
1498 1470  # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
1499 1471  #
1500 1472  #     The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
1501 1473  #     except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
1502 1474  #
1503 1475  # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
1504 1476  #
1505 1477  # I only came across this incidentally.  I don't know if Windsor began
1506 1478  # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
1507 1479  #
1508 1480  # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
  
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1509 1481  #
1510 1482  #     Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
1511 1483  #     three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
1512 1484  
1513 1485  # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
1514 1486  #
1515 1487  # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
1516 1488  # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
1517 1489  # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
1518 1490  # was available at
1519      -# <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S">
1520 1491  # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
1521      -# </a>
1522 1492  #
1523 1493  # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
1524 1494  #
1525 1495  #   A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
1526 1496  # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
1527 1497  # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
1528 1498  # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
1529 1499  # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
1530 1500  # for the other provinces only approximate:
1531 1501  #
1532      -#       Province        Daylight saving time used
     1502 +#       Province        Daylight saving time used
1533 1503  # Prince Edward Island  Not used.
1534 1504  # Nova Scotia           In Halifax only.
1535 1505  # New Brunswick         In St. John only.
1536 1506  # Quebec                In the following places:
1537      -#                       Montreal        Lachine
1538      -#                       Quebec          Mont-Royal
1539      -#                       Levis           Iberville
1540      -#                       St. Lambert     Cap de la Madeleine
1541      -#                       Verdun          Loretteville
1542      -#                       Westmount       Richmond
1543      -#                       Outremont       St. Jerome
1544      -#                       Longueuil       Greenfield Park
1545      -#                       Arvida          Waterloo
1546      -#                       Chambly-Canton  Beaulieu
1547      -#                       Melbourne       La Tuque
1548      -#                       St. Theophile   Buckingham
     1507 +#                       Montreal        Lachine
     1508 +#                       Quebec          Mont-Royal
     1509 +#                       Lévis           Iberville
     1510 +#                       St. Lambert     Cap de la Madelèine
     1511 +#                       Verdun          Loretteville
     1512 +#                       Westmount       Richmond
     1513 +#                       Outremont       St. Jérôme
     1514 +#                       Longueuil       Greenfield Park
     1515 +#                       Arvida          Waterloo
     1516 +#                       Chambly-Canton  Beaulieu
     1517 +#                       Melbourne       La Tuque
     1518 +#                       St. Théophile   Buckingham
1549 1519  # Ontario               Used generally in the cities and towns along
1550      -#                       the southerly part of the province. Not
1551      -#                       used in the northwesterlhy part.
     1520 +#                       the southerly part of the province. Not
     1521 +#                       used in the northwesterly part.
1552 1522  # Manitoba              Not used.
1553 1523  # Saskatchewan          In Regina only.
1554 1524  # Alberta               Not used.
1555 1525  # British Columbia      Not used.
1556 1526  #
1557 1527  #   With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
1558 1528  # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
1559 1529  
1560 1530  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1561 1531  Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Mar     30      23:30   1:00    D
1562 1532  Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Oct     26      0:00    0       S
1563 1533  Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       May      2      2:00    1:00    D
1564 1534  Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       Sep     26      0:00    0       S
1565 1535  Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       May     15      2:00    1:00    D
1566 1536  Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       Sep     15      2:00    0       S
1567 1537  Rule    Toronto 1922    1923    -       May     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
1568 1538  # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
1569 1539  # was meant.
1570 1540  Rule    Toronto 1922    1926    -       Sep     Sun>=15 2:00    0       S
1571 1541  Rule    Toronto 1924    1927    -       May     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
1572 1542  # The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
1573 1543  # Rule  Toronto 1927    1937    -       Sep     Sun>=25 2:00    0       S
1574 1544  # Rule  Toronto 1928    1937    -       Apr     Sun>=25 2:00    1:00    D
1575 1545  # Rule  Toronto 1938    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1576 1546  # Rule  Toronto 1938    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1577 1547  # The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
1578 1548  # (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
1579 1549  Rule    Toronto 1927    1932    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1580 1550  Rule    Toronto 1928    1931    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1581 1551  Rule    Toronto 1932    only    -       May     1       2:00    1:00    D
1582 1552  Rule    Toronto 1933    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1583 1553  Rule    Toronto 1933    only    -       Oct     1       2:00    0       S
1584 1554  Rule    Toronto 1934    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1585 1555  Rule    Toronto 1945    1946    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1586 1556  Rule    Toronto 1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1587 1557  Rule    Toronto 1947    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
1588 1558  Rule    Toronto 1947    1948    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
1589 1559  Rule    Toronto 1949    only    -       Nov     lastSun 0:00    0       S
1590 1560  Rule    Toronto 1950    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1591 1561  Rule    Toronto 1950    only    -       Nov     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1592 1562  Rule    Toronto 1951    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1593 1563  # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
1594 1564  # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
1595 1565  # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
1596 1566  # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
1597 1567  Rule    Toronto 1957    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1598 1568  
1599 1569  # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1600 1570  # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
1601 1571  # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
1602 1572  # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
1603 1573  # Saskatchewan, for one year."
1604 1574  
1605 1575  # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
1606 1576  # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
1607 1577  # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
1608 1578  # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
1609 1579  # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
  
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1610 1580  # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
1611 1581  # include the Thunder Bay area....  When Canada adopted daylight
1612 1582  # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
1613 1583  # already, did not change their clocks....  During the Second World
1614 1584  # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
1615 1585  # months for the remainder of the war years.
1616 1586  
1617 1587  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1618 1588  Zone America/Toronto    -5:17:32 -      LMT     1895
1619 1589                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1919
1620      -                        -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1942 Feb  9 2:00s
     1590 +                        -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1621 1591                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1946
1622 1592                          -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1974
1623 1593                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1624 1594  Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 -     LMT     1895
1625 1595                          -6:00   -       CST     1910
1626 1596                          -5:00   -       EST     1942
1627 1597                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1970
1628 1598                          -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1973
1629 1599                          -5:00   -       EST     1974
1630 1600                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1631 1601  Zone America/Nipigon    -5:53:04 -      LMT     1895
1632 1602                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1940 Sep 29
1633      -                        -5:00   1:00    EDT     1942 Feb  9 2:00s
     1603 +                        -5:00   1:00    EDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1634 1604                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1635 1605  Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 -     LMT     1895
1636 1606                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1940 Sep 29
1637      -                        -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9 2:00s
     1607 +                        -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1638 1608                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT
1639 1609  Zone America/Atikokan   -6:06:28 -      LMT     1895
1640 1610                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1940 Sep 29
1641      -                        -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9 2:00s
1642      -                        -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1945 Sep 30 2:00
     1611 +                        -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
     1612 +                        -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1945 Sep 30  2:00
1643 1613                          -5:00   -       EST
1644 1614  
1645 1615  
1646 1616  # Manitoba
1647 1617  
1648 1618  # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
1649 1619  # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
1650 1620  # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
1651 1621  # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
1652 1622  # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
1653 1623  # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
1654 1624  # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
1655      -# I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had =
     1625 +# I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
1656 1626  # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
1657 1627  # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
1658 1628  # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
1659 1629  # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
1660 1630  # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
1661 1631  
1662 1632  # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
1663 1633  # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
1664 1634  # starting 1966.  Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
1665 1635  # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
1666 1636  
1667 1637  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1668 1638  Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Apr     23      0:00    1:00    D
1669 1639  Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Sep     17      0:00    0       S
1670 1640  Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1671 1641  Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1672 1642  Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       May     16      2:00    1:00    D
1673 1643  Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       Sep     26      2:00    0       S
1674 1644  Rule    Winn    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1675 1645  Rule    Winn    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1676 1646  Rule    Winn    1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1677 1647  Rule    Winn    1946    only    -       May     12      2:00    1:00    D
1678 1648  Rule    Winn    1946    only    -       Oct     13      2:00    0       S
1679 1649  Rule    Winn    1947    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1680 1650  Rule    Winn    1947    1949    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1681 1651  Rule    Winn    1950    only    -       May      1      2:00    1:00    D
1682 1652  Rule    Winn    1950    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1683 1653  Rule    Winn    1951    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1684 1654  Rule    Winn    1951    1958    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1685 1655  Rule    Winn    1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1686 1656  Rule    Winn    1960    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1687 1657  Rule    Winn    1963    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1688 1658  Rule    Winn    1963    only    -       Sep     22      2:00    0       S
1689 1659  Rule    Winn    1966    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00s   1:00    D
1690 1660  Rule    Winn    1966    2005    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00s   0       S
1691 1661  Rule    Winn    1987    2005    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00s   1:00    D
1692 1662  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1693 1663  Zone America/Winnipeg   -6:28:36 -      LMT     1887 Jul 16
1694 1664                          -6:00   Winn    C%sT    2006
1695 1665                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT
1696 1666  
1697 1667  
1698 1668  # Saskatchewan
1699 1669  
1700 1670  # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1701 1671  # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
1702 1672  # level.  As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
1703 1673  # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
1704 1674  # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
1705 1675  # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
1706 1676  # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
1707 1677  # the summer".  The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
1708 1678  # time was noted.
1709 1679  
1710 1680  # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1711 1681  # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
1712 1682  # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
1713 1683  
1714 1684  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1715 1685  # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
1716 1686  # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
1717 1687  # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
1718 1688  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
1719 1689  # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
1720 1690  
1721 1691  # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
1722 1692  # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
1723 1693  # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
1724 1694  # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
1725 1695  # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
1726 1696  #
1727 1697  # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
1728 1698  # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
1729 1699  # their affiliations in one direction or the other.  In 1965 a provincial
1730 1700  # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
1731 1701  #
1732 1702  # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
1733 1703  # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
1734 1704  # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
1735 1705  # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
1736 1706  # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
1737 1707  # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
1738 1708  # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
1739 1709  #
1740 1710  # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
1741 1711  # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
1742 1712  # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
1743 1713  # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
1744 1714  # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
1745 1715  # since sometime in the 1960s.
1746 1716  
1747 1717  # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1748 1718  # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
1749 1719  # long and rather painful to read.
1750 1720  # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
1751 1721  
1752 1722  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1753 1723  Rule    Regina  1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1754 1724  Rule    Regina  1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1755 1725  Rule    Regina  1930    1934    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
1756 1726  Rule    Regina  1930    1934    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
1757 1727  Rule    Regina  1937    1941    -       Apr     Sun>=8  0:00    1:00    D
1758 1728  Rule    Regina  1937    only    -       Oct     Sun>=8  0:00    0       S
1759 1729  Rule    Regina  1938    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
1760 1730  Rule    Regina  1939    1941    -       Oct     Sun>=8  0:00    0       S
1761 1731  Rule    Regina  1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1762 1732  Rule    Regina  1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1763 1733  Rule    Regina  1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1764 1734  Rule    Regina  1946    only    -       Apr     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
1765 1735  Rule    Regina  1946    only    -       Oct     Sun>=8  2:00    0       S
1766 1736  Rule    Regina  1947    1957    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1767 1737  Rule    Regina  1947    1957    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
  
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1768 1738  Rule    Regina  1959    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1769 1739  Rule    Regina  1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1770 1740  #
1771 1741  Rule    Swift   1957    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1772 1742  Rule    Swift   1957    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1773 1743  Rule    Swift   1959    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1774 1744  Rule    Swift   1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1775 1745  Rule    Swift   1960    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1776 1746  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1777 1747  Zone America/Regina     -6:58:36 -      LMT     1905 Sep
1778      -                        -7:00   Regina  M%sT    1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
     1748 +                        -7:00   Regina  M%sT    1960 Apr lastSun  2:00
1779 1749                          -6:00   -       CST
1780 1750  Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 -   LMT     1905 Sep
1781      -                        -7:00   Canada  M%sT    1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
     1751 +                        -7:00   Canada  M%sT    1946 Apr lastSun  2:00
1782 1752                          -7:00   Regina  M%sT    1950
1783      -                        -7:00   Swift   M%sT    1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
     1753 +                        -7:00   Swift   M%sT    1972 Apr lastSun  2:00
1784 1754                          -6:00   -       CST
1785 1755  
1786 1756  
1787 1757  # Alberta
1788 1758  
1789 1759  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1790 1760  Rule    Edm     1918    1919    -       Apr     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
1791 1761  Rule    Edm     1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1792 1762  Rule    Edm     1919    only    -       May     27      2:00    0       S
1793 1763  Rule    Edm     1920    1923    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1794 1764  Rule    Edm     1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1795 1765  Rule    Edm     1921    1923    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1796 1766  Rule    Edm     1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1797 1767  Rule    Edm     1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1798 1768  Rule    Edm     1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1799 1769  Rule    Edm     1947    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1800 1770  Rule    Edm     1947    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1801 1771  Rule    Edm     1967    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1802 1772  Rule    Edm     1967    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1803 1773  Rule    Edm     1969    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1804 1774  Rule    Edm     1969    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1805 1775  Rule    Edm     1972    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1806 1776  Rule    Edm     1972    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1807 1777  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1808 1778  Zone America/Edmonton   -7:33:52 -      LMT     1906 Sep
1809 1779                          -7:00   Edm     M%sT    1987
1810 1780                          -7:00   Canada  M%sT
1811 1781  
1812 1782  
1813 1783  # British Columbia
1814 1784  
1815 1785  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1816 1786  # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
1817 1787  # been like Vancouver.
1818 1788  # Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
1819 1789  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
1820 1790  
1821 1791  # It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
1822 1792  
  
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1823 1793  # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
1824 1794  # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
1825 1795  # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
1826 1796  # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
1827 1797  # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
1828 1798  # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
1829 1799  
1830 1800  # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
1831 1801  # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
1832 1802  # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
1833      -# <a href="http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260">
1834 1803  # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1835      -# </a>
1836 1804  # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
1837 1805  # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
1838 1806  # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
1839 1807  
1840 1808  # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
1841 1809  # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain.  I e-mailed Tammy a few months
1842 1810  # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess.  She said it was just
1843      -# as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing the
1844      -# article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the subject
1845      -# of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
1846      -# <a href="http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56">
     1811 +# as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing
     1812 +# the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
     1813 +# subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
1847 1814  # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
1848      -# </a>
1849 1815  
1850 1816  # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
1851 1817  # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
1852 1818  # Exact date unknown
1853 1819  # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
1854      -# Exact date in October unknown;  Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
     1820 +# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
1855 1821  # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
1856 1822  # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
1857 1823  # note#1:
1858 1824  # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
1859 1825  # Creston did not change its clocks.
1860 1826  # note#2:
1861 1827  # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
1862 1828  # Creston did not oblige.
1863 1829  # note#3:
1864 1830  # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
1865 1831  # (UTC-7) forever.
1866 1832  # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
1867      -# <a href="http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html">
1868 1833  # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
1869      -# </a>
1870 1834  
1871 1835  # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
1872 1836  # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
1873 1837  # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
1874 1838  # the change.  It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
1875 1839  # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
1876 1840  # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
1877 1841  
1878 1842  # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
1879 1843  
1880 1844  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1881 1845  Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1882 1846  Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1883 1847  Rule    Vanc    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1884 1848  Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1885 1849  Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
  
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1886 1850  Rule    Vanc    1946    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1887 1851  Rule    Vanc    1946    only    -       Oct     13      2:00    0       S
1888 1852  Rule    Vanc    1947    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1889 1853  Rule    Vanc    1962    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1890 1854  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1891 1855  Zone America/Vancouver  -8:12:28 -      LMT     1884
1892 1856                          -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1987
1893 1857                          -8:00   Canada  P%sT
1894 1858  Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -    LMT     1884
1895 1859                          -8:00   Canada  P%sT    1947
1896      -                        -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1972 Aug 30 2:00
     1860 +                        -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1972 Aug 30  2:00
1897 1861                          -7:00   -       MST
1898 1862  Zone America/Creston    -7:46:04 -      LMT     1884
1899 1863                          -7:00   -       MST     1916 Oct 1
1900 1864                          -8:00   -       PST     1918 Jun 2
1901 1865                          -7:00   -       MST
1902 1866  
1903 1867  # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
1904 1868  
1905 1869  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1906 1870  # Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
1907 1871  # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
1908 1872  #       * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
1909 1873  #       c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9.  This is still valid;
1910 1874  #       see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
1911 1875  #       * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
1912 1876  #       * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
  
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1913 1877  #       * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
1914 1878  # Shanks & Pottenger say Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go
1915 1879  # with Englander.
1916 1880  # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1917 1881  # Here is a link to the old daylight saving portion of the interpretation
1918 1882  # act which was last updated in 1987:
1919 1883  # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic1987_056.pdf
1920 1884  
1921 1885  # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
1922 1886  # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
1923      -# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html">
1924 1887  # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
1925      -# </a>
     1888 +# http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
1926 1889  #
1927 1890  # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
1928 1891  # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
1929 1892  # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
1930 1893  
1931 1894  # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1932      -# <a href="http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html">
1933 1895  # Basic Facts: The New Territory
1934      -# </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
     1896 +# http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
     1897 +# (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
1935 1898  # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
1936 1899  # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
1937 1900  
1938 1901  # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1939 1902  # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
1940 1903  # Pangnirtung wobbled.  Here is the result of their wobble:
1941 1904  #
1942 1905  # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
1943 1906  #
1944 1907  #       First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
1945 1908  #       Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
1946 1909  #
1947 1910  # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
1948 1911  #
1949 1912  #       Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
1950 1913  #
1951 1914  # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
  
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1952 1915  # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
1953 1916  # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
1954 1917  # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
1955 1918  # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
1956 1919  # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
1957 1920  # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
1958 1921  # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
1959 1922  # the current state of affairs.
1960 1923  
1961 1924  # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
1962      -# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html">
1963      -# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19)</a>:
     1925 +# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
     1926 +# http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
1964 1927  # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
1965 1928  # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
1966 1929  # for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
1967 1930  # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
1968 1931  
1969 1932  # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1970 1933  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
1971 1934  # for these potential new Zones.
1972 1935  #
1973 1936  # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
1974 1937  # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
1975 1938  # zone] skip daylight savings.  Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
1976 1939  # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
1977 1940  # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
1978 1941  # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
1979 1942  # required to use daylight savings.
1980 1943  
1981      -# From
1982      -# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html">
1983      -# Nunavut now has two time zones
1984      -# </a> (2000-11-10):
     1944 +# From <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html>
     1945 +# Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
1985 1946  # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
1986 1947  # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
1987 1948  # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
1988 1949  # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
1989 1950  # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
1990 1951  # the rest of the territory for the winter.  Cambridge Bay remained on
1991 1952  # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
1992 1953  # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
1993 1954  # unified time zone in 1999.
1994 1955  #
1995 1956  # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
1996 1957  # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
1997 1958  
1998 1959  # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
1999 1960  # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
2000 1961  
2001 1962  # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
2002 1963  # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
2003 1964  # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
2004 1965  # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern).  Of the
2005 1966  # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
2006 1967  # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round.  I'm
2007 1968  # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
2008 1969  # more.
2009 1970  # [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
2010 1971  
2011 1972  # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
2012 1973  # According to maps at
2013 1974  # http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SWE.jpg
2014 1975  # http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SSE.jpg
2015 1976  # (both dated 2003), and
2016 1977  # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
2017 1978  # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
2018 1979  # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
2019 1980  # round.  Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
2020 1981  # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
2021 1982  # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
2022 1983  # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
2023 1984  #
2024 1985  # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
2025 1986  # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
2026 1987  # daylight saving only during wartime.
2027 1988  
2028 1989  # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
2029 1990  # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
2030 1991  # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
2031 1992  # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
2032 1993  # daylight saving....
2033 1994  # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
2034 1995  
2035 1996  # From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
2036 1997  # Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
2037 1998  # Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
2038 1999  # the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
2039 2000  # decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
2040 2001  #
2041 2002  # According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
2042 2003  # went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
2043 2004  #
2044 2005  # On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
2045 2006  # 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
2046 2007  # talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
2047 2008  # to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
2048 2009  # explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
2049 2010  # (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
2050 2011  # i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
2051 2012  # had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
2052 2013  # so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
2053 2014  #
2054 2015  # On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
2055 2016  # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
2056 2017  # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
2057 2018  # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
2058 2019  # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
2059 2020  # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
2060 2021  # and worked in Resolute Bay...
2061 2022  #
2062 2023  # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
2063 2024  # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
2064 2025  # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
  
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2065 2026  # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
2066 2027  # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
2067 2028  # tell me when the practice had stopped.
2068 2029  #
2069 2030  # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
2070 2031  # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
2071 2032  # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
2072 2033  # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
2073 2034  # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
2074 2035  # Aziz:
2075      -# <a href="http://www.uphere.ca/node/493">
2076 2036  # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
2077      -# </a>
2078 2037  #
2079 2038  # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
2080 2039  # Eastern Standard Time.
2081 2040  #
2082 2041  # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
2083 2042  # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
2084 2043  # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
2085 2044  # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
2086 2045  #
2087 2046  # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
2088 2047  #
2089 2048  # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
2090 2049  # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
2091 2050  # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
2092 2051  # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
2093 2052  #
2094 2053  # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
2095 2054  # never have contacted her.  I now believe that all the information I
2096 2055  # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
2097 2056  # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
2098 2057  
2099 2058  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2100 2059  Rule    NT_YK   1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
2101 2060  Rule    NT_YK   1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
2102 2061  Rule    NT_YK   1919    only    -       May     25      2:00    1:00    D
2103 2062  Rule    NT_YK   1919    only    -       Nov      1      0:00    0       S
2104 2063  Rule    NT_YK   1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
  
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2105 2064  Rule    NT_YK   1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
2106 2065  Rule    NT_YK   1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
2107 2066  Rule    NT_YK   1965    only    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    2:00    DD
2108 2067  Rule    NT_YK   1965    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2109 2068  Rule    NT_YK   1980    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2110 2069  Rule    NT_YK   1980    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2111 2070  Rule    NT_YK   1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
2112 2071  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2113 2072  # aka Panniqtuuq
2114 2073  Zone America/Pangnirtung 0      -       zzz     1921 # trading post est.
2115      -                        -4:00   NT_YK   A%sT    1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
2116      -                        -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1999 Oct 31 2:00
2117      -                        -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29 2:00
     2074 +                        -4:00   NT_YK   A%sT    1995 Apr Sun>=1  2:00
     2075 +                        -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
     2076 +                        -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2118 2077                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT
2119 2078  # formerly Frobisher Bay
2120 2079  Zone America/Iqaluit    0       -       zzz     1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
2121      -                        -5:00   NT_YK   E%sT    1999 Oct 31 2:00
2122      -                        -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29 2:00
     2080 +                        -5:00   NT_YK   E%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
     2081 +                        -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2123 2082                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT
2124 2083  # aka Qausuittuq
2125 2084  Zone America/Resolute   0       -       zzz     1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
2126      -                        -6:00   NT_YK   C%sT    2000 Oct 29 2:00
2127      -                        -5:00   -       EST     2001 Apr  1 3:00
2128      -                        -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2006 Oct 29 2:00
2129      -                        -5:00   -       EST     2007 Mar 11 3:00
     2085 +                        -6:00   NT_YK   C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
     2086 +                        -5:00   -       EST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
     2087 +                        -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2006 Oct 29  2:00
     2088 +                        -5:00   -       EST     2007 Mar 11  3:00
2130 2089                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT
2131 2090  # aka Kangiqiniq
2132 2091  Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0     -       zzz     1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
2133      -                        -6:00   NT_YK   C%sT    2000 Oct 29 2:00
2134      -                        -5:00   -       EST     2001 Apr  1 3:00
     2092 +                        -6:00   NT_YK   C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
     2093 +                        -5:00   -       EST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
2135 2094                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT
2136 2095  # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
2137 2096  Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0    -       zzz     1920 # trading post est.?
2138      -                        -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1999 Oct 31 2:00
2139      -                        -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29 2:00
2140      -                        -5:00   -       EST     2000 Nov  5 0:00
2141      -                        -6:00   -       CST     2001 Apr  1 3:00
     2097 +                        -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
     2098 +                        -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
     2099 +                        -5:00   -       EST     2000 Nov  5  0:00
     2100 +                        -6:00   -       CST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
2142 2101                          -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2143 2102  Zone America/Yellowknife 0      -       zzz     1935 # Yellowknife founded?
2144 2103                          -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1980
2145 2104                          -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2146 2105  Zone America/Inuvik     0       -       zzz     1953 # Inuvik founded
2147      -                        -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
     2106 +                        -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1979 Apr lastSun  2:00
2148 2107                          -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1980
2149 2108                          -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2150 2109  Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
2151      -                        -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1966 Jul 1 2:00
     2110 +                        -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1966 Jul  1  2:00
2152 2111                          -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1980
2153 2112                          -8:00   Canada  P%sT
2154 2113  Zone America/Dawson     -9:17:40 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
2155      -                        -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1973 Oct 28 0:00
     2114 +                        -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1973 Oct 28  0:00
2156 2115                          -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1980
2157 2116                          -8:00   Canada  P%sT
2158 2117  
2159 2118  
2160 2119  ###############################################################################
2161 2120  
2162 2121  # Mexico
2163 2122  
2164 2123  # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
2165 2124  # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
2166 2125  # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
2167      -# <a href="http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/">
2168 2126  # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
2169      -# </a>.
     2127 +# http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/
2170 2128  #
2171 2129  # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
2172 2130  # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
2173 2131  # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
2174 2132  # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
2175 2133  # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
2176 2134  # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
2177 2135  
2178 2136  # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
2179 2137  # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
2180 2138  # tz database.  I think they can best be explained by supposing that
2181 2139  # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
2182 2140  # the relevant documents.
2183 2141  
2184 2142  # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
2185 2143  # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
2186 2144  # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
2187 2145  #
2188 2146  # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
2189 2147  #
2190 2148  # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
2191 2149  # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
2192 2150  #
2193 2151  # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
2194 2152  #    - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
2195 2153  #    - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
2196 2154  #    - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
2197 2155  #
2198 2156  # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
2199 2157  #    at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
2200 2158  #    BajaNorte: GMT+7
2201 2159  #    BajaSur:   GMT+6
2202 2160  #    General:   GMT+5
2203 2161  #
  
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2204 2162  # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
2205 2163  #    BajaNorte: GMT+8
2206 2164  #    BajaSur:   GMT+7
2207 2165  #    General:   GMT+6
2208 2166  #
2209 2167  # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
2210 2168  #
2211 2169  # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
2212 2170  # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
2213 2171  # For an English translation of the decree, see
2214      -# <a href="http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html">
2215 2172  # "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
2216      -# </a>
     2173 +# http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
2217 2174  
2218 2175  # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
2219 2176  # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
2220 2177  # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
2221 2178  
2222 2179  # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
2223 2180  # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
2224 2181  # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
2225 2182  # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
2226 2183  # Arizona year round.
2227 2184  
2228      -# From Jesper Norgaard, translating
     2185 +# From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
2229 2186  # <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
2230 2187  # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
2231 2188  # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
2232 2189  # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
2233 2190  # whole year.
2234 2191  
2235 2192  # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
2236 2193  # <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
2237 2194  # (translated):...
2238 2195  # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
2239 2196  # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
2240 2197  # this year....
2241      -# <http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001>
     2198 +# http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
2242 2199  # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
2243 2200  # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
2244 2201  
2245 2202  # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
2246 2203  # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
2247 2204  # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
2248 2205  # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
2249      -# ... Mexico City Mayor Lopez Obrador "...is threatening to keep
     2206 +# ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
2250 2207  # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
2251      -# the rest of the country..." In particular, Lopez Obrador would abolish
     2208 +# the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
2252 2209  # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
2253 2210  
2254      -# <a href="http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre">
2255 2211  # Official statute published by the Energy Department
2256      -# </a> (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
2257      -# and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Norgaard (2001-02-03).
     2212 +# http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
     2213 +# (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
     2214 +# and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
2258 2215  
2259 2216  # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
2260 2217  #
2261      -# <a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html">
     2218 +# http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
2262 2219  # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
2263      -# </a>
2264 2220  # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
2265      -# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador decreed that
     2221 +# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
2266 2222  #   the Federal District will not adopt DST.
2267 2223  # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
2268 2224  # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
2269 2225  #   the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
2270 2226  #
2271 2227  # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
2272 2228  
2273      -# From Jesper Norgaard (2001-04-01):
     2229 +# From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
2274 2230  # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
2275 2231  # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
2276 2232  # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
2277 2233  # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
2278 2234  # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
2279 2235  # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
2280 2236  # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
2281 2237  # September 30, 2001.
2282      -# References: "Diario de Monterrey" <www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
     2238 +# References: "Diario de Monterrey" <http://www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
2283 2239  # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
2284 2240  
2285 2241  # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
2286 2242  # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
2287 2243  # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
2288 2244  # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
2289 2245  # next year....  The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
2290 2246  # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
2291 2247  # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
2292 2248  # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
2293 2249  
2294      -# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
     2250 +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
2295 2251  # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
2296 2252  # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
2297 2253  # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
2298 2254  # confirms this.  Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
2299 2255  
2300 2256  # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
2301 2257  #
2302 2258  # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2303 2259  # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
2304 2260  # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
2305 2261  # > the United States.
2306 2262  # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
2307 2263  # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
2308      -# <a href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/">
2309 2264  # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
2310      -# </a>
2311      -# <a href="http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939">
2312 2265  # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
2313      -# </a>
2314 2266  # (Spanish)
2315 2267  #
2316 2268  # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
2317      -# <a href="http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf">
2318 2269  # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
2319      -# </a>
2320 2270  # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
2321 2271  #
2322 2272  # There is also a list of the votes here:
2323      -# <a href="http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html">
2324 2273  # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
2325      -# </a>
2326 2274  #
2327 2275  # Our page:
2328      -# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html">
2329 2276  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
2330      -# </a>
2331 2277  
2332 2278  # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
2333 2279  # The page
2334      -# <a href="http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010">
2335 2280  # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2336      -# </a>
2337 2281  # includes this text:
2338 2282  # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
2339      -# Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
2340      -# Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
2341      -# Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
2342      -# desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
     2283 +# Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
     2284 +# Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
     2285 +# Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
     2286 +# desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
2343 2287  # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2344 2288  # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
2345      -# fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
2346      -# internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
2347      -# kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
2348      -# interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
2349      -# efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
     2289 +# fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
     2290 +# internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
     2291 +# kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
     2292 +# interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
     2293 +# efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
2350 2294  # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2351 2295  
2352 2296  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2353 2297  Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Feb     5       0:00    1:00    D
2354 2298  Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Jun     25      0:00    0       S
2355 2299  Rule    Mexico  1940    only    -       Dec     9       0:00    1:00    D
2356 2300  Rule    Mexico  1941    only    -       Apr     1       0:00    0       S
2357 2301  Rule    Mexico  1943    only    -       Dec     16      0:00    1:00    W # War
2358 2302  Rule    Mexico  1944    only    -       May     1       0:00    0       S
2359 2303  Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Feb     12      0:00    1:00    D
2360 2304  Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Jul     30      0:00    0       S
2361 2305  Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
2362 2306  Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2363 2307  Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       May     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
2364 2308  Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2365 2309  Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
2366 2310  Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2367 2311  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2368      -# Quintana Roo
     2312 +# Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
2369 2313  Zone America/Cancun     -5:47:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
2370 2314                          -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
2371 2315                          -5:00   Mexico  E%sT    1998 Aug  2  2:00
2372 2316                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2373      -# Campeche, Yucatan
     2317 +# Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
2374 2318  Zone America/Merida     -5:58:28 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
2375 2319                          -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
2376 2320                          -5:00   -       EST     1982 Dec  2
2377 2321                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2378      -# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (near US border)
     2322 +# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
2379 2323  Zone America/Matamoros  -6:40:00 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
2380 2324                          -6:00   -       CST     1988
2381 2325                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1989
2382 2326                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2010
2383 2327                          -6:00   US      C%sT
2384      -# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
     2328 +# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
2385 2329  Zone America/Monterrey  -6:41:16 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
2386 2330                          -6:00   -       CST     1988
2387 2331                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1989
2388 2332                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2389 2333  # Central Mexico
2390      -Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -     LMT     1922 Jan  1 0:23:24
     2334 +Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -     LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
2391 2335                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2392 2336                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2393 2337                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2394 2338                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2395 2339                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2396      -                        -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2001 Sep 30 02:00
     2340 +                        -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2001 Sep 30  2:00
2397 2341                          -6:00   -       CST     2002 Feb 20
2398 2342                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2399 2343  # Chihuahua (near US border)
2400      -Zone America/Ojinaga    -6:57:40 -      LMT     1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
     2344 +Zone America/Ojinaga    -6:57:40 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:02:20
2401 2345                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2402 2346                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2403 2347                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2404 2348                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2405 2349                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2406 2350                          -6:00   -       CST     1996
2407 2351                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    1998
2408      -                        -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
     2352 +                        -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
2409 2353                          -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    2010
2410 2354                          -7:00   US      M%sT
2411 2355  # Chihuahua (away from US border)
2412 2356  Zone America/Chihuahua  -7:04:20 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
2413 2357                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2414 2358                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2415 2359                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2416 2360                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2417 2361                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2418 2362                          -6:00   -       CST     1996
2419 2363                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    1998
2420      -                        -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
     2364 +                        -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
2421 2365                          -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
2422 2366  # Sonora
2423 2367  Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
2424 2368                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2425 2369                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2426 2370                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2427 2371                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2428 2372                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2429 2373                          -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2430 2374                          -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2431 2375                          -8:00   -       PST     1970
2432 2376                          -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    1999
2433 2377                          -7:00   -       MST
2434 2378  
2435 2379  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
2436      -# According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
     2380 +# According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
2437 2381  # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
2438 2382  # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
2439 2383  #
2440 2384  # (Spanish)
2441      -# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
2442      -# país, a partir de este domingo
2443      -# <a href="http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748">
     2385 +# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
     2386 +# país, a partir de este domingo
2444 2387  # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
2445      -# </a>
2446 2388  #
2447      -# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
2448      -# País
2449      -# <a href="http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50">
2450      -# http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50"
2451      -# </a>
     2389 +# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
     2390 +# País
     2391 +# http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
2452 2392  #
2453 2393  # (English)
2454      -# Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
2455      -# <a href="http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml">
     2394 +# Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
2456 2395  # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
2457      -# </a>
2458      -#
2459      -# or
2460      -# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html">
2461 2396  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
2462      -# </a>
2463 2397  #
2464 2398  # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
2465      -# will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
     2399 +# will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
2466 2400  # zone ..."
2467 2401  # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
2468 2402  
2469 2403  # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
2470 2404  # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
2471 2405  
     2406 +# Mazatlán
2472 2407  Zone America/Mazatlan   -7:05:40 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
2473 2408                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2474 2409                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2475 2410                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2476 2411                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2477 2412                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2478 2413                          -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2479 2414                          -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2480 2415                          -8:00   -       PST     1970
2481 2416                          -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
2482 2417  
     2418 +# Bahía de Banderas
2483 2419  Zone America/Bahia_Banderas     -7:01:00 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
2484 2420                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2485 2421                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2486 2422                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2487 2423                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2488 2424                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2489 2425                          -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2490 2426                          -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2491 2427                          -8:00   -       PST     1970
2492      -                        -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    2010 Apr 4 2:00
     2428 +                        -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    2010 Apr  4  2:00
2493 2429                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2494 2430  
2495 2431  # Baja California (near US border)
2496 2432  Zone America/Tijuana    -7:48:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
2497 2433                          -7:00   -       MST     1924
2498 2434                          -8:00   -       PST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2499 2435                          -7:00   -       MST     1930 Nov 15
2500 2436                          -8:00   -       PST     1931 Apr  1
2501 2437                          -8:00   1:00    PDT     1931 Sep 30
2502 2438                          -8:00   -       PST     1942 Apr 24
2503 2439                          -8:00   1:00    PWT     1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2504 2440                          -8:00   1:00    PPT     1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2505 2441                          -8:00   -       PST     1948 Apr  5
2506 2442                          -8:00   1:00    PDT     1949 Jan 14
2507 2443                          -8:00   -       PST     1954
2508 2444                          -8:00   CA      P%sT    1961
2509 2445                          -8:00   -       PST     1976
2510 2446                          -8:00   US      P%sT    1996
2511 2447                          -8:00   Mexico  P%sT    2001
2512 2448                          -8:00   US      P%sT    2002 Feb 20
2513 2449                          -8:00   Mexico  P%sT    2010
2514 2450                          -8:00   US      P%sT
2515 2451  # Baja California (away from US border)
2516 2452  Zone America/Santa_Isabel       -7:39:28 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:20:32
2517 2453                          -7:00   -       MST     1924
2518 2454                          -8:00   -       PST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2519 2455                          -7:00   -       MST     1930 Nov 15
2520 2456                          -8:00   -       PST     1931 Apr  1
2521 2457                          -8:00   1:00    PDT     1931 Sep 30
2522 2458                          -8:00   -       PST     1942 Apr 24
2523 2459                          -8:00   1:00    PWT     1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2524 2460                          -8:00   1:00    PPT     1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2525 2461                          -8:00   -       PST     1948 Apr  5
2526 2462                          -8:00   1:00    PDT     1949 Jan 14
2527 2463                          -8:00   -       PST     1954
2528 2464                          -8:00   CA      P%sT    1961
  
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2529 2465                          -8:00   -       PST     1976
2530 2466                          -8:00   US      P%sT    1996
2531 2467                          -8:00   Mexico  P%sT    2001
2532 2468                          -8:00   US      P%sT    2002 Feb 20
2533 2469                          -8:00   Mexico  P%sT
2534 2470  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2535 2471  # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
2536 2472  # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
2537 2473  # through 1995.  This was as per Shanks (1999).  But Shanks & Pottenger say
2538 2474  # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975.  Guy Harris reports
2539      -# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and
     2475 +# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
2540 2476  # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
2541 2477  # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then.  This concerns
2542 2478  # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
2543 2479  # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
2544 2480  # name or contents should be.
2545 2481  #
2546 2482  # Revillagigedo Is
2547 2483  # no information
2548 2484  
2549 2485  ###############################################################################
2550 2486  
2551 2487  # Anguilla
2552      -# See 'southamerica'.
     2488 +# See America/Port_of_Spain.
2553 2489  
2554 2490  # Antigua and Barbuda
2555 2491  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2556 2492  Zone    America/Antigua -4:07:12 -      LMT     1912 Mar 2
2557 2493                          -5:00   -       EST     1951
2558 2494                          -4:00   -       AST
2559 2495  
2560 2496  # Bahamas
2561 2497  #
2562 2498  # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
2563 2499  #
2564 2500  # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
2565 2501  # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
2566 2502  # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
2567 2503  # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
2568 2504  
2569 2505  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2570 2506  Rule    Bahamas 1964    1975    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2571 2507  Rule    Bahamas 1964    1975    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2572 2508  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2573 2509  Zone    America/Nassau  -5:09:30 -      LMT     1912 Mar 2
2574 2510                          -5:00   Bahamas E%sT    1976
2575 2511                          -5:00   US      E%sT
2576 2512  
2577 2513  # Barbados
  
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2578 2514  
2579 2515  # For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
2580 2516  
2581 2517  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2582 2518  Rule    Barb    1977    only    -       Jun     12      2:00    1:00    D
2583 2519  Rule    Barb    1977    1978    -       Oct     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S
2584 2520  Rule    Barb    1978    1980    -       Apr     Sun>=15 2:00    1:00    D
2585 2521  Rule    Barb    1979    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
2586 2522  Rule    Barb    1980    only    -       Sep     25      2:00    0       S
2587 2523  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2588      -Zone America/Barbados   -3:58:29 -      LMT     1924            # Bridgetown
2589      -                        -3:58:29 -      BMT     1932      # Bridgetown Mean Time
     2524 +Zone America/Barbados   -3:58:29 -      LMT     1924 # Bridgetown
     2525 +                        -3:58:29 -      BMT     1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
2590 2526                          -4:00   Barb    A%sT
2591 2527  
2592 2528  # Belize
2593 2529  # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2594 2530  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2595 2531  Rule    Belize  1918    1942    -       Oct     Sun>=2  0:00    0:30    HD
2596 2532  Rule    Belize  1919    1943    -       Feb     Sun>=9  0:00    0       S
2597 2533  Rule    Belize  1973    only    -       Dec      5      0:00    1:00    D
2598 2534  Rule    Belize  1974    only    -       Feb      9      0:00    0       S
2599 2535  Rule    Belize  1982    only    -       Dec     18      0:00    1:00    D
2600 2536  Rule    Belize  1983    only    -       Feb     12      0:00    0       S
2601 2537  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2602 2538  Zone    America/Belize  -5:52:48 -      LMT     1912 Apr
2603 2539                          -6:00   Belize  C%sT
2604 2540  
2605 2541  # Bermuda
2606 2542  
2607 2543  # For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
2608 2544  # Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that.
  
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2609 2545  
2610 2546  # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
2611 2547  
2612 2548  # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
2613 2549  # in March, until the first Sunday in November.  And, after the Time Zone
2614 2550  # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
2615 2551  # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
2616 2552  # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
2617 2553  
2618 2554  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2619      -Zone Atlantic/Bermuda   -4:19:18 -      LMT     1930 Jan  1 2:00    # Hamilton
2620      -                        -4:00   -       AST     1974 Apr 28 2:00
     2555 +Zone Atlantic/Bermuda   -4:19:18 -      LMT     1930 Jan  1  2:00 # Hamilton
     2556 +                        -4:00   -       AST     1974 Apr 28  2:00
2621 2557                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1976
2622 2558                          -4:00   US      A%sT
2623 2559  
2624 2560  # Cayman Is
2625 2561  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2626      -Zone    America/Cayman  -5:25:32 -      LMT     1890            # Georgetown
2627      -                        -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
     2562 +Zone    America/Cayman  -5:25:32 -      LMT     1890     # Georgetown
     2563 +                        -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
2628 2564                          -5:00   -       EST
2629 2565  
2630 2566  # Costa Rica
2631 2567  
2632      -# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San Jose mean time; round to nearest.
     2568 +# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
2633 2569  
2634 2570  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2635 2571  Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Feb     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
2636 2572  Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Jun     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
2637 2573  Rule    CR      1991    1992    -       Jan     Sat>=15 0:00    1:00    D
2638 2574  # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
2639 2575  # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2640 2576  Rule    CR      1991    only    -       Jul      1      0:00    0       S
2641 2577  Rule    CR      1992    only    -       Mar     15      0:00    0       S
2642      -# There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
     2578 +# There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
2643 2579  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2644      -Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 -      LMT     1890            # San Jose
2645      -                        -5:36:13 -      SJMT    1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
     2580 +Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 -      LMT     1890        # San José
     2581 +                        -5:36:13 -      SJMT    1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
2646 2582                          -6:00   CR      C%sT
2647 2583  # Coco
2648 2584  # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
2649 2585  
2650 2586  # Cuba
2651 2587  
2652 2588  # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2653 2589  # Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
2654 2590  # for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
2655 2591  # For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
2656 2592  
2657 2593  # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
2658 2594  # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
2659 2595  # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
2660 2596  # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
2661 2597  # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
2662 2598  # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
2663 2599  # Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
2664      -# sleep on 1999-03-28--when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
2665      -# to DST--and one more hour on 1999-04-04--when the announcers will have
     2600 +# sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
     2601 +# to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
2666 2602  # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
2667 2603  
2668 2604  # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
2669 2605  # DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
2670 2606  # years before.  The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
2671 2607  # https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
2672 2608  
2673 2609  # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
2674 2610  # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
2675 2611  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2676 2612  # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
  
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2677 2613  # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
2678 2614  # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
2679 2615  # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
2680 2616  # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
2681 2617  
2682 2618  # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
2683 2619  # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
2684 2620  # adjustment in Cuba.  We will stay in daylight saving time:
2685 2621  # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
2686 2622  
2687      -# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
     2623 +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
2688 2624  # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
2689 2625  # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
2690 2626  # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
2691 2627  # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
2692      -# watches should be set back one hour -- going back to 00:00 hours -- returning
     2628 +# watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
2693 2629  # to the normal schedule....
2694 2630  
2695 2631  # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
2696      -# http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html, dated yesterday,
     2632 +# <http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html>, dated yesterday,
2697 2633  # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
2698 2634  # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
2699 2635  # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
2700 2636  #
2701 2637  # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
2702 2638  # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
2703 2639  # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
2704 2640  #
2705 2641  # He supplied these references:
2706 2642  #
2707 2643  # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
2708 2644  # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
2709 2645  #
2710      -# From Alex Kryvenishev (2007-10-25):
     2646 +# From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
2711 2647  # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
2712 2648  #
2713      -# [Regira] el Horario Normal desde el [proximo] domingo 28 de octubre
     2649 +# Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
2714 2650  # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
2715 2651  #
2716 2652  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
2717 2653  
2718 2654  # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
2719 2655  # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
2720 2656  # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
2721      -# <a href="http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj">
2722 2657  # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
2723      -# </a>, a Cuban information station, and heard
     2658 +# a Cuban information station, and heard
2724 2659  # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
2725 2660  # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
2726 2661  
2727 2662  # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
2728 2663  # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
2729 2664  # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
2730      -# <a href="http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm">
2731 2665  # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
2732      -# </a>
2733 2666  #
2734 2667  # Some more background information is posted here:
2735      -# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html">
2736 2668  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
2737      -# </a>
2738 2669  #
2739 2670  # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
2740 2671  # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
2741 2672  # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
2742 2673  # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
2743 2674  # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
2744 2675  # change some historic records as well.
2745 2676  #
2746 2677  # One example:
2747      -# <a href="http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm">
2748 2678  # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
2749      -# </a>
2750 2679  
2751      -# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
     2680 +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
2752 2681  # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
2753 2682  # web site, the Granma.  Please check out
2754      -# <a href="http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html">
2755 2683  # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
2756      -# </a>
2757 2684  #
2758      -# Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsens information, the change
     2685 +# Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
2759 2686  # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
2760 2687  
2761 2688  # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
2762 2689  # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
2763 2690  
2764 2691  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
2765 2692  # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
2766 2693  # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
2767 2694  # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
2768 2695  #
2769      -# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html">
2770 2696  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
2771 2697  # (in Spanish)
2772      -# </a>
2773 2698  
2774 2699  # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
2775 2700  # I listened over the Internet to
2776      -# <a href="http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj">
2777 2701  # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
2778      -# </a>
2779 2702  # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
2780      -# the time was announced as "diez cinco"--the same time as here, indicating
     2703 +# the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
2781 2704  # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
2782 2705  
2783 2706  # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
2784 2707  # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
2785 2708  # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
2786 2709  # changed at all).
2787 2710  #
2788 2711  # Source:
2789      -# <a href="http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html">
2790 2712  # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
2791      -# </a>
2792 2713  #
2793 2714  # Our info:
2794      -# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html">
2795 2715  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
2796      -# </a>
2797 2716  #
2798 2717  # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
2799 2718  # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
2800 2719  # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
2801 2720  #
2802 2721  # One source (Spanish)
2803      -# <a href="http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html">
2804 2722  # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
2805      -# </a>
2806 2723  #
2807 2724  # Our page:
2808      -# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html">
2809 2725  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
2810      -# </a>
2811 2726  #
2812 2727  # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
2813 2728  # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
2814 2729  # 31 and April 1.
2815 2730  #
2816 2731  # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
2817      -# <a href="http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril">
2818 2732  # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
2819      -# </a>
2820 2733  #
2821 2734  # Our info on it:
2822      -# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html">
2823 2735  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
2824      -# </a>
2825 2736  
2826 2737  # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
2827 2738  # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
2828 2739  # to standard time on 2012-11-04:
2829 2740  # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
2830 2741  # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
2831 2742  # For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
2832 2743  
2833 2744  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2834 2745  Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Jun     10      0:00    1:00    D
2835 2746  Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Oct     10      0:00    0       S
2836 2747  Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Jun     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
2837 2748  Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Sep     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
2838 2749  Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Jun     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
2839 2750  Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Sep     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
2840 2751  Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Jun     1       0:00    1:00    D
2841 2752  Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       S
2842 2753  Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       May     29      0:00    1:00    D
2843 2754  Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       Oct     2       0:00    0       S
2844 2755  Rule    Cuba    1967    only    -       Apr     8       0:00    1:00    D
2845 2756  Rule    Cuba    1967    1968    -       Sep     Sun>=8  0:00    0       S
2846 2757  Rule    Cuba    1968    only    -       Apr     14      0:00    1:00    D
2847 2758  Rule    Cuba    1969    1977    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
2848 2759  Rule    Cuba    1969    1971    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
2849 2760  Rule    Cuba    1972    1974    -       Oct     8       0:00    0       S
2850 2761  Rule    Cuba    1975    1977    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
2851 2762  Rule    Cuba    1978    only    -       May     7       0:00    1:00    D
2852 2763  Rule    Cuba    1978    1990    -       Oct     Sun>=8  0:00    0       S
2853 2764  Rule    Cuba    1979    1980    -       Mar     Sun>=15 0:00    1:00    D
2854 2765  Rule    Cuba    1981    1985    -       May     Sun>=5  0:00    1:00    D
2855 2766  Rule    Cuba    1986    1989    -       Mar     Sun>=14 0:00    1:00    D
2856 2767  Rule    Cuba    1990    1997    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
2857 2768  Rule    Cuba    1991    1995    -       Oct     Sun>=8  0:00s   0       S
2858 2769  Rule    Cuba    1996    only    -       Oct      6      0:00s   0       S
2859 2770  Rule    Cuba    1997    only    -       Oct     12      0:00s   0       S
2860 2771  Rule    Cuba    1998    1999    -       Mar     lastSun 0:00s   1:00    D
2861 2772  Rule    Cuba    1998    2003    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S
2862 2773  Rule    Cuba    2000    2003    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00s   1:00    D
2863 2774  Rule    Cuba    2004    only    -       Mar     lastSun 0:00s   1:00    D
2864 2775  Rule    Cuba    2006    2010    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S
2865 2776  Rule    Cuba    2007    only    -       Mar     Sun>=8  0:00s   1:00    D
2866 2777  Rule    Cuba    2008    only    -       Mar     Sun>=15 0:00s   1:00    D
2867 2778  Rule    Cuba    2009    2010    -       Mar     Sun>=8  0:00s   1:00    D
2868 2779  Rule    Cuba    2011    only    -       Mar     Sun>=15 0:00s   1:00    D
2869 2780  Rule    Cuba    2011    only    -       Nov     13      0:00s   0       S
  
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2870 2781  Rule    Cuba    2012    only    -       Apr     1       0:00s   1:00    D
2871 2782  Rule    Cuba    2012    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  0:00s   0       S
2872 2783  Rule    Cuba    2013    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  0:00s   1:00    D
2873 2784  
2874 2785  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2875 2786  Zone    America/Havana  -5:29:28 -      LMT     1890
2876 2787                          -5:29:36 -      HMT     1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
2877 2788                          -5:00   Cuba    C%sT
2878 2789  
2879 2790  # Dominica
2880      -# See 'southamerica'.
     2791 +# See America/Port_of_Spain.
2881 2792  
2882 2793  # Dominican Republic
2883 2794  
2884 2795  # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
2885 2796  # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
2886 2797  # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
2887 2798  # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
2888 2799  
2889 2800  # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2890 2801  # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
2891 2802  
2892 2803  # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
2893 2804  # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
2894 2805  # November 28, 2000, with a new decree.  On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
2895 2806  # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
2896 2807  # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future.  The reason they
2897 2808  # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
2898 2809  # to implement DST.  When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
2899 2810  # decided to revert.
2900 2811  
2901 2812  
2902 2813  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
  
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2903 2814  Rule    DR      1966    only    -       Oct     30      0:00    1:00    D
2904 2815  Rule    DR      1967    only    -       Feb     28      0:00    0       S
2905 2816  Rule    DR      1969    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0:30    HD
2906 2817  Rule    DR      1970    only    -       Feb     21      0:00    0       S
2907 2818  Rule    DR      1971    only    -       Jan     20      0:00    0       S
2908 2819  Rule    DR      1972    1974    -       Jan     21      0:00    0       S
2909 2820  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2910 2821  Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -   LMT     1890
2911 2822                          -4:40   -       SDMT    1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
2912 2823                          -5:00   DR      E%sT    1974 Oct 27
2913      -                        -4:00   -       AST     2000 Oct 29 02:00
2914      -                        -5:00   US      E%sT    2000 Dec  3 01:00
     2824 +                        -4:00   -       AST     2000 Oct 29  2:00
     2825 +                        -5:00   US      E%sT    2000 Dec  3  1:00
2915 2826                          -4:00   -       AST
2916 2827  
2917 2828  # El Salvador
2918 2829  
2919 2830  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2920 2831  Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
2921 2832  Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
2922 2833  # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
2923 2834  # instead of America/San_Salvador.
2924 2835  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2925      -Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -     LMT     1921            # San Salvador
     2836 +Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -     LMT     1921 # San Salvador
2926 2837                          -6:00   Salv    C%sT
2927 2838  
2928 2839  # Grenada
2929 2840  # Guadeloupe
2930      -# St Barthelemy
     2841 +# St Barthélemy
2931 2842  # St Martin (French part)
2932      -# See 'southamerica'.
     2843 +# See America/Port_of_Spain.
2933 2844  
2934 2845  # Guatemala
2935 2846  #
2936 2847  # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
2937 2848  # Diario Co Latino, at
2938      -# http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079,
     2849 +# <http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079>,
2939 2850  # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
2940 2851  # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
2941 2852  # impact of the elevated cost of oil....  Daylight saving time will last from
2942 2853  # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
2943 2854  # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
2944 2855  # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
2945 2856  # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00.  See
2946      -# <http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf>.
     2857 +# http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
2947 2858  
2948 2859  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2949 2860  Rule    Guat    1973    only    -       Nov     25      0:00    1:00    D
2950 2861  Rule    Guat    1974    only    -       Feb     24      0:00    0       S
2951 2862  Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       May     21      0:00    1:00    D
2952 2863  Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       S
2953 2864  Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Mar     23      0:00    1:00    D
2954 2865  Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Sep      7      0:00    0       S
2955 2866  Rule    Guat    2006    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
2956 2867  Rule    Guat    2006    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       S
2957 2868  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2958 2869  Zone America/Guatemala  -6:02:04 -      LMT     1918 Oct 5
2959 2870                          -6:00   Guat    C%sT
2960 2871  
2961 2872  # Haiti
2962 2873  # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
2963      -# Risto O. Nykanen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
2964      -# I searched for confirmation, and I found a
2965      -# <a href="http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc"> press release
     2874 +# Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
     2875 +# I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
2966 2876  # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
2967      -# </a>.  Translated from French, it says:
     2877 +# <http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc>.  Translated from French, it says:
2968 2878  #
2969 2879  #  "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
2970 2880  #   and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
2971 2881  #   Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
2972 2882  #   provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
2973 2883  #   Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
2974 2884  #
2975 2885  #  "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
2976 2886  #   the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
2977 2887  #   starting at midnight.  This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
2978 2888  #   October 2005.
2979 2889  #
2980 2890  #  "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
2981 2891  #
2982 2892  # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
2983 2893  # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
2984 2894  # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
2985 2895  # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
2986 2896  # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
2987 2897  #
2988 2898  # I have found this article about it (in French):
2989 2899  # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
2990 2900  #
2991 2901  # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
2992 2902  
2993 2903  # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
2994 2904  # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
2995 2905  
2996 2906  # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
2997 2907  # According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
2998 2908  # apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
2999 2909  # So this means they have already changed their time.
3000 2910  #
3001 2911  # http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
3002 2912  # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
3003 2913  #
3004 2914  # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
3005 2915  # The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
3006 2916  # 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
3007 2917  # Assume a US-style fall back as well.
3008 2918  
3009 2919  # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
3010 2920  # It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
3011 2921  # as US/Canada.  They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
3012 2922  # are going to observe DST every year now...
3013 2923  #
3014 2924  # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
3015 2925  # http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
3016 2926  
3017 2927  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3018 2928  Rule    Haiti   1983    only    -       May     8       0:00    1:00    D
3019 2929  Rule    Haiti   1984    1987    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
3020 2930  Rule    Haiti   1983    1987    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3021 2931  # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
3022 2932  # Go with IATA.
3023 2933  Rule    Haiti   1988    1997    -       Apr     Sun>=1  1:00s   1:00    D
3024 2934  Rule    Haiti   1988    1997    -       Oct     lastSun 1:00s   0       S
3025 2935  Rule    Haiti   2005    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
3026 2936  Rule    Haiti   2005    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3027 2937  Rule    Haiti   2012    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
3028 2938  Rule    Haiti   2012    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S
3029 2939  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3030 2940  Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -  LMT     1890
3031 2941                          -4:49   -       PPMT    1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
3032 2942                          -5:00   Haiti   E%sT
3033 2943  
  
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3034 2944  # Honduras
3035 2945  # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
3036 2946  
3037 2947  # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
3038 2948  # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
3039 2949  # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
3040 2950  # months until September.  La Tribuna reported today
3041 2951  # <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
3042 2952  # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
3043 2953  
3044      -# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
     2954 +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
3045 2955  # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
3046 2956  # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
3047 2957  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
3048 2958  
3049 2959  # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
3050      -# Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08)
3051      -# <http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12>.
     2960 +# Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
     2961 +# http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
3052 2962  # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
3053 2963  
3054 2964  # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
3055 2965  # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
3056 2966  # published, I have located this authoritative source:
3057 2967  # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
3058 2968  
3059 2969  # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
3060 2970  # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
3061 2971  # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
3062 2972  
3063 2973  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3064 2974  Rule    Hond    1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
3065 2975  Rule    Hond    1987    1988    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3066 2976  Rule    Hond    2006    only    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
3067 2977  Rule    Hond    2006    only    -       Aug     Mon>=1  0:00    0       S
3068 2978  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
  
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3069 2979  Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -     LMT     1921 Apr
3070 2980                          -6:00   Hond    C%sT
3071 2981  #
3072 2982  # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
3073 2983  
3074 2984  # Jamaica
3075 2985  # Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
3076 2986  # unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
3077 2987  # island".  Go with Milne.  Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
3078 2988  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3079      -Zone    America/Jamaica -5:07:11 -      LMT     1890            # Kingston
     2989 +Zone    America/Jamaica -5:07:11 -      LMT     1890        # Kingston
3080 2990                          -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
3081      -                        -5:00   -       EST     1974 Apr 28 2:00
     2991 +                        -5:00   -       EST     1974 Apr 28  2:00
3082 2992                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1984
3083 2993                          -5:00   -       EST
3084 2994  
3085 2995  # Martinique
3086 2996  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3087      -Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 -      LMT     1890            # Fort-de-France
3088      -                        -4:04:20 -      FFMT    1911 May     # Fort-de-France MT
     2997 +Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 -      LMT     1890        # Fort-de-France
     2998 +                        -4:04:20 -      FFMT    1911 May    # Fort-de-France MT
3089 2999                          -4:00   -       AST     1980 Apr  6
3090 3000                          -4:00   1:00    ADT     1980 Sep 28
3091 3001                          -4:00   -       AST
3092 3002  
3093 3003  # Montserrat
3094      -# See 'southamerica'.
     3004 +# See America/Port_of_Spain.
3095 3005  
3096 3006  # Nicaragua
3097 3007  #
3098 3008  # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
3099 3009  #
3100 3010  # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
3101 3011  # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
3102 3012  # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
3103 3013  # expensive petroleum.  The exact end date for DST is not yet
3104 3014  # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
3105 3015  # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
3106 3016  # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
  
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3107 3017  # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
3108 3018  # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
3109 3019  #
3110 3020  # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
3111 3021  # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
3112 3022  # assume that it is daylight saving....
3113 3023  #
3114 3024  # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
3115 3025  # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
3116 3026  # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
3117      -# and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish):  "The last
     3027 +# and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
3118 3028  # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
3119      -# during the Arnoldo Aleman administration."...
     3029 +# during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
3120 3030  # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
3121 3031  # since December 1998.  I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
3122 3032  # changes in 2000.  Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
3123 3033  # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
3124 3034  #
3125      -# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
     3035 +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
3126 3036  # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
3127 3037  # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
3128 3038  # (2005-09-26)
3129 3039  #
3130      -# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
     3040 +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
3131 3041  # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
3132 3042  # (my informal translation)
3133      -# By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolanos, Nicaragua
     3043 +# By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
3134 3044  # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
3135      -# morning, and will stay that way until 30.th. of september.
     3045 +# morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
3136 3046  #
3137      -# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
     3047 +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
3138 3048  # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
3139 3049  # My informal translation runs:
3140 3050  # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
3141 3051  # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
3142 3052  #
3143 3053  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3144 3054  Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Mar     Sun>=16 0:00    1:00    D
3145 3055  Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Jun     Mon>=23 0:00    0       S
3146 3056  Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Apr     10      0:00    1:00    D
3147 3057  Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
3148 3058  Rule    Nic     2006    only    -       Apr     30      2:00    1:00    D
3149 3059  Rule    Nic     2006    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1  1:00    0       S
3150 3060  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3151 3061  Zone    America/Managua -5:45:08 -      LMT     1890
3152 3062                          -5:45:12 -      MMT     1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
3153 3063                          -6:00   -       CST     1973 May
3154 3064                          -5:00   -       EST     1975 Feb 16
3155      -                        -6:00   Nic     C%sT    1992 Jan  1 4:00
     3065 +                        -6:00   Nic     C%sT    1992 Jan  1  4:00
3156 3066                          -5:00   -       EST     1992 Sep 24
3157 3067                          -6:00   -       CST     1993
3158 3068                          -5:00   -       EST     1997
3159 3069                          -6:00   Nic     C%sT
3160 3070  
3161 3071  # Panama
3162 3072  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3163 3073  Zone    America/Panama  -5:18:08 -      LMT     1890
3164      -                        -5:19:36 -      CMT     1908 Apr 22   # Colon Mean Time
     3074 +                        -5:19:36 -      CMT     1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
3165 3075                          -5:00   -       EST
3166 3076  
3167 3077  # Puerto Rico
3168 3078  # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
3169 3079  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3170      -Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -     LMT     1899 Mar 28 12:00    # San Juan
     3080 +Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -     LMT     1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
3171 3081                          -4:00   -       AST     1942 May  3
3172 3082                          -4:00   US      A%sT    1946
3173 3083                          -4:00   -       AST
3174 3084  
3175 3085  # St Kitts-Nevis
3176 3086  # St Lucia
3177      -# See 'southamerica'.
     3087 +# See America/Port_of_Spain.
3178 3088  
3179 3089  # St Pierre and Miquelon
3180 3090  # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
3181 3091  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3182      -Zone America/Miquelon   -3:44:40 -      LMT     1911 May 15     # St Pierre
     3092 +Zone America/Miquelon   -3:44:40 -      LMT     1911 May 15 # St Pierre
3183 3093                          -4:00   -       AST     1980 May
3184 3094                          -3:00   -       PMST    1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
3185 3095                          -3:00   Canada  PM%sT
3186 3096  
3187 3097  # St Vincent and the Grenadines
3188      -# See 'southamerica'.
     3098 +# See America/Port_of_Spain.
3189 3099  
3190 3100  # Turks and Caicos
3191 3101  #
3192 3102  # From Chris Dunn in
3193      -# <http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007>
     3103 +# http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007
3194 3104  # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
3195 3105  # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
3196 3106  # the recent U.S. change of dates.
3197 3107  #
3198 3108  # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
3199 3109  # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
3200 3110  # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
3201 3111  # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
3202 3112  # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
3203 3113  # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
3204 3114  # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
3205 3115  #
3206      -# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-01):
3207      -# Shanks & Pottenger say they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1998)
3208      -# says they switch at midnight.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
     3116 +# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
     3117 +# The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UTC-4 year-round.  See:
     3118 +# http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
     3119 +# Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST on 2014-11-02 at 02:00.
3209 3120  #
3210      -# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3211      -Rule    TC      1979    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
3212      -Rule    TC      1979    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
3213      -Rule    TC      1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
3214      -Rule    TC      2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
3215      -Rule    TC      2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S
3216 3121  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3217 3122  Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 -      LMT     1890
3218      -                        -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
3219      -                        -5:00   TC      E%sT
     3123 +                        -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
     3124 +                        -5:00   -       EST     1979
     3125 +                        -5:00   US      E%sT    2014 Nov  2  2:00
     3126 +                        -4:00   -       AST
3220 3127  
3221 3128  # British Virgin Is
3222 3129  # Virgin Is
3223      -# See 'southamerica'.
     3130 +# See America/Port_of_Spain.
     3131 +
     3132 +
     3133 +# Local Variables:
     3134 +# coding: utf-8
     3135 +# End:
    
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