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5129 Update timezone info db to 2014g
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--- old/usr/src/cmd/zic/australasia
+++ new/usr/src/cmd/zic/australasia
1 -# <pre>
2 1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
4 3
5 4 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
6 5
7 6 # Notes are at the end of this file
8 7
9 8 ###############################################################################
10 9
11 10 # Australia
12 11
13 12 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
14 13
15 14 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
16 -Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
17 -Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
18 -Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
19 -Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
20 -Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
21 -Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
22 -Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
15 +Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D
16 +Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S
17 +Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D
18 +Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S
19 +Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D
20 +Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
21 +Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D
23 22 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
24 23 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
25 24 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
26 25
27 26 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
28 27 # Northern Territory
29 28 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
30 - 9:00 - CST 1899 May
31 - 9:30 Aus CST
29 + 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
30 + 9:30 Aus AC%sT
32 31 # Western Australia
33 32 #
34 33 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
35 -Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
36 -Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
37 -Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
38 -Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
39 -Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 -
40 -Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
41 -Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 -
42 -Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
43 -Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
34 +Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
35 +Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
36 +Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
37 +Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
38 +Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D
39 +Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
40 +Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D
41 +Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
42 +Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
44 43 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
45 - 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
46 - 8:00 AW WST
44 + 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul
45 + 8:00 AW AW%sT
47 46 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
48 - 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul
49 - 8:45 AW CWST
47 + 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul
48 + 8:45 AW ACW%sT
50 49
51 50 # Queensland
52 51 #
53 52 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
54 53 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
55 54 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
56 55 # Queensland ceased to.
57 56 #
58 57 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
59 58 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
60 59 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
61 60 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
62 61 # so use Lindeman.
63 62 #
64 63 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
65 -Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
66 -Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
67 -Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
68 -Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
69 -Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
70 -Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
64 +Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
65 +Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
66 +Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
67 +Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
68 +Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
69 +Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
71 70 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
72 - 10:00 Aus EST 1971
73 - 10:00 AQ EST
71 + 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
72 + 10:00 AQ AE%sT
74 73 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
75 - 10:00 Aus EST 1971
76 - 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
77 - 10:00 Holiday EST
74 + 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
75 + 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul
76 + 10:00 Holiday AE%sT
78 77
79 78 # South Australia
80 79 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
81 -Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
82 -Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
83 -Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
84 -Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
85 -Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
86 -Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
87 -Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 -
88 -Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 -
89 -Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 -
90 -Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 -
91 -Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
92 -Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 -
93 -Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
94 -Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
95 -Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
80 +Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
81 +Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
82 +Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
83 +Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
84 +Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
85 +Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
86 +Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S
87 +Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S
88 +Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S
89 +Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S
90 +Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
91 +Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S
92 +Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
93 +Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
94 +Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
96 95 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
97 96 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
98 - 9:00 - CST 1899 May
99 - 9:30 Aus CST 1971
100 - 9:30 AS CST
97 + 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
98 + 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
99 + 9:30 AS AC%sT
101 100
102 101 # Tasmania
103 102 #
104 103 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
105 -# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
104 +# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
106 105 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
107 106 #
108 107 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
109 -Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
110 -Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
111 -Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
112 -Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
113 -Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
114 -Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
115 -Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
116 -Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
117 -Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
118 -Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
119 -Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
120 -Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
121 -Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
122 -Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
123 -Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
124 -Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
125 -Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
126 -Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
127 -Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
108 +Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
109 +Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
110 +Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
111 +Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S
112 +Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
113 +Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
114 +Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
115 +Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
116 +Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
117 +Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
118 +Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D
119 +Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
120 +Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
121 +Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
122 +Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
123 +Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
124 +Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
125 +Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
126 +Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
128 127 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
129 128 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
130 - 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
131 - 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
132 - 10:00 Aus EST 1967
133 - 10:00 AT EST
129 + 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
130 + 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
131 + 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
132 + 10:00 AT AE%sT
134 133 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
135 - 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
136 - 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
137 - 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
138 - 10:00 AT EST
134 + 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
135 + 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
136 + 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul
137 + 10:00 AT AE%sT
139 138
140 139 # Victoria
141 140 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
142 -Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
143 -Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
144 -Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
145 -Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
146 -Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
147 -Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
148 -Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
149 -Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
150 -Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
151 -Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
152 -Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
153 -Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
154 -Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
155 -Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
141 +Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
142 +Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
143 +Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
144 +Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
145 +Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
146 +Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
147 +Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
148 +Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
149 +Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
150 +Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
151 +Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
152 +Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
153 +Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
154 +Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
156 155 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
157 156 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
158 - 10:00 Aus EST 1971
159 - 10:00 AV EST
157 + 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
158 + 10:00 AV AE%sT
160 159
161 160 # New South Wales
162 161 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
163 -Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
164 -Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
165 -Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
166 -Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
167 -Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
168 -Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
169 -Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
170 -Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
171 -Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
172 -Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
173 -Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
174 -Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
175 -Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
176 -Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
177 -Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
178 -Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
162 +Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
163 +Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
164 +Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
165 +Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
166 +Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
167 +Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
168 +Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
169 +Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
170 +Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
171 +Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
172 +Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
173 +Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
174 +Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
175 +Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
176 +Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
177 +Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
179 178 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
180 179 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
181 - 10:00 Aus EST 1971
182 - 10:00 AN EST
180 + 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
181 + 10:00 AN AE%sT
183 182 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
184 - 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
185 - 9:00 - CST 1899 May
186 - 9:30 Aus CST 1971
187 - 9:30 AN CST 2000
188 - 9:30 AS CST
183 + 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23
184 + 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
185 + 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
186 + 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000
187 + 9:30 AS AC%sT
189 188
190 189 # Lord Howe Island
191 190 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
192 -Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
193 -Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
194 -Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
195 -Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
196 -Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
197 -Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
198 -Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
199 -Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
200 -Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
201 -Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
202 -Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
203 -Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
204 -Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
205 -Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
191 +Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
192 +Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
193 +Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
194 +Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
195 +Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D
196 +Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
197 +Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
198 +Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
199 +Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
200 +Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
201 +Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
202 +Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
203 +Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
204 +Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D
206 205 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
207 - 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
208 - 10:30 LH LHST
206 + 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar
207 + 10:30 LH LH%sT
209 208
210 209 # Australian miscellany
211 210 #
212 211 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
213 212 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
214 213 # no times are set
215 214 #
216 215 # Coral Sea Is
217 216 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
218 217 # no times are set
219 218 #
220 219 # Macquarie
221 220 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
222 221 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
223 222 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
224 -# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828>
225 -# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>.
223 +# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
224 +# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
226 225 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
227 226 #
228 227 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
229 228 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
230 229 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
231 230 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
232 231 # on 4 April.
233 232 #
234 233 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
235 234 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
236 -# will produce a binary file with an EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
235 +# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
237 236 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
238 237 # pre-2013 versions of localtime.
239 238 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov
240 - 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
241 - 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
242 - 10:00 Aus EST 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
239 + 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
240 + 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
241 + 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
243 242 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25
244 - 10:00 Aus EST 1967
245 - 10:00 AT EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00
243 + 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
244 + 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
246 245 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time
247 246
248 247 # Christmas
249 248 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
250 249 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
251 250 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
252 251
253 -# Cook Is
254 -# From Shanks & Pottenger:
255 -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
256 -Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
257 -Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
258 -Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
259 -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
260 -Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
261 - -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
262 - -10:00 Cook CK%sT
263 -
264 -# Cocos
252 +# Cocos (Keeling) Is
265 253 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
266 254 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
267 255 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
268 256 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
269 257 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
270 258
259 +
271 260 # Fiji
272 261
273 262 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
274 263
275 264 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
276 265 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
277 266 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
278 267 #
279 268 # "Daylight savings to commence this month"
280 -# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719">
281 269 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
282 -# </a>
283 -# or
284 -# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html">
285 270 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
286 -# </a>
287 271
288 272 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
289 273 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
290 274 # amendments:
291 -# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml">
292 275 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
293 -# </a>
294 276
295 277 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
296 278 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
297 279 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
298 280 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
299 281 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
300 282 #
301 283 # Official source:
302 -# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166">
303 284 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
304 -# </a>
305 285 #
306 286 # A bit more background info here:
307 -# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html">
308 287 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
309 -# </a>
310 288
311 289 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
312 290 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
313 291 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
314 292 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
315 293 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
316 -# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
317 294 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
318 -# </a>
319 -# or
320 -# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html">
321 295 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
322 -# </a>
323 296
324 297 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
325 298 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
326 299 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
327 300 #
328 -# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
329 -# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
330 -# </a>
301 +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
331 302 # which says
332 303 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
333 304 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
334 305 # 2am on February 26 next year.
335 306
336 307 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
337 308 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
338 309 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
339 310 #
340 -# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
341 311 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
342 -# </a>
343 312 # states:
344 313 #
345 314 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
346 315 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
347 316 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
348 317 # on the 23rd of October, 2011.
349 318
350 319 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
351 320 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
352 321 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
353 322 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
354 323 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
355 324
356 325 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
357 -# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 and end at 3am
358 -# on Sunday 19th January, 2014.... move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
326 +# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
327 +# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
359 328 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
360 -#
361 -# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
329 +
330 +# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
331 +# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
332 +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx
333 +
334 +# From Paul Eggert (2014-01-10):
362 335 # For now, guess that Fiji springs forward the Sunday before the fourth
363 -# Monday in October. This matches both recent practice and
364 -# timeanddate.com's current spring-forward prediction.
365 -# For the January 2014 transition we guessed right while timeanddate.com
366 -# guessed wrong, so leave the fall-back prediction alone.
336 +# Monday in October, and springs back the penultimate Sunday in January.
337 +# This is ad hoc, but matches recent practice.
367 338
368 339 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
369 340 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
370 341 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
371 342 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
372 343 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
373 344 Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
374 345 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
375 -Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
346 +Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
347 +Rule Fiji 2014 max - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
376 348 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
377 -Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
349 +Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
378 350 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
379 351
380 352 # French Polynesia
381 353 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
382 -Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
354 +Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
383 355 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
384 356 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
385 357 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
386 -Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
358 +Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
387 359 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
388 360 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
389 361 # it is uninhabited.
390 362
391 363 # Guam
392 364 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
393 365 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
394 - 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
395 - 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
366 + 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
367 + 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
396 368 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
397 369
398 370 # Kiribati
399 371 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
400 -Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
401 - 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
372 +Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
373 + 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
402 374 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
403 375 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
404 376 -11:00 - PHOT 1995
405 377 13:00 - PHOT
406 378 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
407 379 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
408 380 -10:00 - LINT 1995
409 381 14:00 - LINT
410 382
411 383 # N Mariana Is
412 384 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
413 385 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
414 386 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
415 - 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
387 + 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
416 388 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
417 389 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
418 390
419 391 # Marshall Is
420 392 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
421 393 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
422 394 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
423 395 12:00 - MHT
424 396 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
425 397 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
426 - -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
398 + -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
427 399 12:00 - MHT
428 400
429 401 # Micronesia
430 402 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
431 403 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
432 - 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
433 -Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
434 - 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
404 + 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
405 +Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
406 + 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
435 407 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
436 - 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
408 + 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
437 409 12:00 - KOST 1999
438 410 11:00 - KOST
439 411
440 412 # Nauru
441 413 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
442 -Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
443 - 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
414 +Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
415 + 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
444 416 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
445 417 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
446 418 12:00 - NRT
447 419
448 420 # New Caledonia
449 421 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
450 422 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
451 423 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
452 424 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
453 425 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
454 426 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
455 427 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
456 -Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
428 +Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
457 429 11:00 NC NC%sT
458 430
459 431
460 432 ###############################################################################
461 433
462 434 # New Zealand
463 435
464 436 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
465 437 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
466 438 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
467 439 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
468 440 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
469 441 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
470 442 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
471 443 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
472 444 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
473 -# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
445 +# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
446 +# so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
474 447 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
475 448 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
476 449 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
477 450 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
478 451 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
479 452 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
480 453 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
481 454 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
482 455 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
483 456 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
484 457 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
485 458 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
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486 459 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
487 460 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
488 461 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
489 462 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
490 463 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
491 464 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
492 465 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
493 466 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
494 467 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
495 468 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
496 -Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
469 +Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
470 + 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1
497 471 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
498 472
499 473 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
500 474
501 475 # Auckland Is
502 -# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
476 +# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
503 477 # and scientific personnel have wintered
504 478
505 479 # Campbell I
506 480 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
507 481 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
508 482 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
509 483 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
510 484
485 +# Cook Is
486 +# From Shanks & Pottenger:
487 +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
488 +Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
489 +Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
490 +Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
491 +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
492 +Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
493 + -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
494 + -10:00 Cook CK%sT
495 +
511 496 ###############################################################################
512 497
513 498
514 499 # Niue
515 500 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
516 -Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
517 - -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
518 - -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
501 +Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
502 + -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
503 + -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
519 504 -11:00 - NUT
520 505
521 506 # Norfolk
522 507 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
523 -Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
524 - 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
525 - 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
508 +Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
509 + 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
510 + 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
526 511
527 512 # Palau (Belau)
528 513 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
529 -Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
514 +Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
530 515 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
531 516
532 517 # Papua New Guinea
533 518 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
534 519 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
535 - 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
536 - 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
520 + 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
521 + 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
537 522
538 523 # Pitcairn
539 524 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
540 -Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
541 - -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
525 +Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
526 + -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00
542 527 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
543 528
544 529 # American Samoa
545 530 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
546 531 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
547 - -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
548 - -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
549 - -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
550 - -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
532 + -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
533 + -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
534 + -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
551 535
552 -# Samoa
536 +# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
553 537
554 538 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
555 539 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
556 540 # the following info:
557 541 #
558 542 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
559 543 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
560 544 # Sunday of April 2011."
561 545 #
562 546 # Background info:
563 -# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html">
564 547 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
565 -# </a>
566 548 #
567 549 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
568 550 # contain any dates:
569 -# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf">
570 551 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
571 -# </a>
572 552
573 553 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
574 554 # Please see
575 -# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
576 555 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws
577 -# </a>,
578 556 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
579 557 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
580 558 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
581 559 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
582 560
583 561 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
584 -# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website
585 -# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
586 -# www.mcil.gov.ws
587 -# </a>
562 +# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
588 563 #
589 -# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
590 -#
591 -# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,
592 -# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight
593 -# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).
594 -#
595 -# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes
596 -# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,
597 -# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be
598 -# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
599 -#
600 -# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,
601 -# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011
564 +# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
565 +# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
566 +# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
567 +# (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
602 568
603 -# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09):
569 +# From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
604 570 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
605 571 #
606 -# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963">
607 572 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
608 -# </a>
609 573
610 -# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17):
611 -# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law
612 -# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she
613 -# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather
614 -# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But
615 -# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa
616 -# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13:
617 -#
618 -# International Date Line Bill 2011
619 -#
620 -# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make
621 -# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date
622 -# Line, and for related purposes.
623 -#
624 -# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament
625 -# assembled as follows:
626 -#
627 -# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the
628 -# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act
629 -# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3)
630 -# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State.
631 -#
632 -# [snip]
633 -#
634 -# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any
635 -# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the
636 -# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time.
637 -#
638 -# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa
639 -# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated
640 -# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's
641 -# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and
642 -# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to
643 -# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this
644 -# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that
645 -# it defines Samoa standard time....
574 +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
575 +# The International Date Line Act 2011
576 +# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
577 +# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
578 +# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted
579 +# accordingly.
646 580
647 581 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
648 -# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html">
649 582 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
650 -# </a>
651 583 #
652 584 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
653 585 #
654 586 # DST
655 -# Year End Time Start Time
656 -# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
657 -# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
587 +# Year End Time Start Time
588 +# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
589 +# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
658 590 #
659 591 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
660 592 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
661 593 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
662 594 #
663 -# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03):
664 -# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012
665 -# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on
666 -# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below.
667 -#
668 -# From Nicky (2012-09-10):
595 +# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
669 596 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
670 -# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.
671 -#
672 -# Please find link below for more information.
597 +# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
673 598 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
674 599 #
675 -# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well
676 -# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the
677 -# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue.
600 +# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
601 +# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
602 +# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
678 603
679 -# Western Samoa
680 604 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
605 +Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D
606 +Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S
607 +Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D
608 +Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S
681 609 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
682 -Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 -
683 610 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
684 611 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
685 612 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
686 - -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
687 - -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26
688 - -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00
689 - -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00
690 - -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30
691 - 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00
613 + -11:30 - WSST 1950
614 + -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa
692 615 13:00 WS WS%sT
693 616
694 617 # Solomon Is
695 618 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
696 619 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
697 -Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
620 +Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
698 621 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
699 622
700 623 # Tokelau Is
701 624 #
702 625 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
703 626 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
704 627 # December 31 this year ...
705 628 #
706 629 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
707 630 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
708 631 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
709 632 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
710 633 # actually was to UTC-11 back then.
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711 634 #
712 635 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
713 636 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
714 637 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
715 638 # <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau
716 639 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
717 640 # are off by an hour starting in 1901.
718 641
719 642 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
720 643 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
721 - -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
644 + -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
722 645 13:00 - TKT
723 646
724 647 # Tonga
725 648 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
726 649 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
727 650 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
728 651 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
729 652 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
730 653 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
731 654 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
732 655 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
733 656 13:00 - TOT 1999
734 657 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
735 658
736 659 # Tuvalu
737 660 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
738 661 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
739 662 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
740 663
741 664
742 665 # US minor outlying islands
743 666
744 667 # Howland, Baker
745 668 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
746 669 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
747 670 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
748 671 # uninhabited thereafter.
749 672 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937;
750 673 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
751 674 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
752 675 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
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753 676 # until they were abandoned after the war.
754 677
755 678 # Jarvis
756 679 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
757 680 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
758 681 # uninhabited thereafter.
759 682 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
760 683
761 684 # Johnston
762 685 #
763 -# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-03):
686 +# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11):
687 +# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
688 +# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
689 +# treat it like Hawaii for now.
690 +#
764 691 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
765 692 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
766 693 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
767 694 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and
768 695 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
769 -# We have no better information, so for now, assume this has been true
770 -# indefinitely into the past.
771 696 #
697 +# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
698 +# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
699 +# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
700 +# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the
701 +# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
702 +# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
703 +# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
704 +# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
705 +# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
706 +# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
707 +# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
708 +# Minus One Hour".
709 +#
772 710 # See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston.
773 711
774 712 # Kingman
775 713 # uninhabited
776 714
777 715 # Midway
778 716 #
779 717 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
780 718 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
781 719 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
782 -# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
720 +# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly
783 721 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
784 722 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
785 723 # designations that I've never seen before:....
786 724 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
787 725 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
788 726 #
789 727 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
790 728 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
791 729 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
792 - -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
793 - -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
794 - -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
730 + -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
731 + -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
732 + -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
795 733
796 734 # Palmyra
797 735 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
798 736
799 737 # Wake
800 738 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
801 739 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
802 740 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
803 741
804 742
805 743 # Vanuatu
806 744 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
807 745 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
808 746 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
809 747 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
810 748 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
811 749 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
812 750 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
813 751 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
814 -Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
752 +Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
815 753 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
816 754
817 755 # Wallis and Futuna
818 756 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
819 757 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
820 758 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
821 759
822 760 ###############################################################################
823 761
824 762 # NOTES
825 763
826 -# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
764 +# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
827 765 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
828 -# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
766 +# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
767 +# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
829 768
830 769 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
831 770 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
832 771 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
833 772 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
834 773 #
835 774 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
836 775 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
837 776 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
838 777 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
839 778 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
840 779 #
841 780 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
842 781 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
843 782 #
844 783 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
845 784 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
846 785 # I found in the UCLA library.
847 786 #
848 787 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
849 -# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
850 -# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
788 +# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
789 +# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
851 790 #
852 791 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
853 792 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
854 793 #
855 -# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
794 +# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
856 795 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
857 796 # Corrections are welcome!
858 -# std dst
859 -# LMT Local Mean Time
860 -# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
861 -# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
862 -# 9:00 JST Japan
863 -# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
864 -# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
865 -# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
866 -# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
867 -# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
868 -# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
869 -# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
870 -# -11:00 SST Samoa
871 -# -10:00 HST Hawaii
872 -# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
797 +# std dst
798 +# LMT Local Mean Time
799 +# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
800 +# 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia*
801 +# 9:00 JST Japan
802 +# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
803 +# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
804 +# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
805 +# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe*
806 +# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
807 +# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
808 +# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945*
809 +# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present*
810 +# 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present*
811 +# -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950*
812 +# -11:00 SST Samoa
813 +# -10:00 HST Hawaii
814 +# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
873 815 #
874 -# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
875 -# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
816 +# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
817 +# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
876 818
877 819 ###############################################################################
878 820
879 821 # Australia
880 822
823 +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
824 +# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
825 +# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
826 +# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
827 +# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
828 +# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
829 +# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
830 +# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
831 +# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
832 +# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
833 +# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
834 +# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
835 +
881 836 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
882 -# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
883 837 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
884 -# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
838 +# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
839 +# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
885 840
886 841 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
887 -# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
888 842 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
889 -# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
843 +# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving
844 +# covers New South Wales in particular.
890 845
891 846 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
892 -# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
893 -# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
894 -# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
847 +# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
848 +# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
849 +# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
895 850 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
896 851 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
897 852 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
898 853 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
899 -# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
854 +# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
900 855 # time'.
901 856 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
902 -# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
903 -# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
857 +# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
858 +# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
904 859 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
905 860 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
906 -# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
861 +# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
907 862 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
908 863
909 -# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
910 -# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
911 -# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
912 -# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
913 -# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
914 -
915 -# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
916 -# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
917 -# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
918 -# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
919 -# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
920 -
921 -# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
922 -# versus "AEST" etc.:
864 +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
923 865 #
924 -# I see the following points of dispute:
866 +# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
867 +# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
868 +# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
869 +# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
870 +# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
871 +# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
872 +# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
873 +# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web
874 +# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
875 +# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
876 +# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
877 +# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
925 878 #
926 -# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
879 +# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
880 +# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
881 +# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
882 +# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
883 +# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
884 +# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
885 +# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
886 +# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
887 +# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
888 +# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
927 889 #
928 -# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
929 -# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
930 -# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
931 -# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
932 -# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
933 -# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
934 -# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
935 -# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
890 +# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
891 +# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
936 892 #
937 -# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
938 -# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
939 -# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
940 -# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
893 +# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
894 +# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages
895 +# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
896 +# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
941 897 #
942 -# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
898 +# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
899 +# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au
943 900 #
944 -# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
945 -# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
946 -# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
947 -# Time, for example.
901 +# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
902 +# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
903 +# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
904 +# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers
905 +# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
906 +# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
907 +# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
948 908 #
949 -# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
950 -# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
951 -# tiebreaker.
909 +# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
910 +# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/>
911 +# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
912 +# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
913 +# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
914 +# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
915 +# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
916 +# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not
917 +# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
918 +# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
919 +# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
920 +# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
921 +# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
922 +# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
952 923 #
953 -# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
954 -# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
955 -# the word "Australian"?
924 +# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree:
956 925 #
957 -# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
958 -# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
959 -# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
960 -# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
961 -# following count of page hits:
926 +# The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
927 +# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
928 +# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
929 +# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
962 930 #
963 -# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
964 -# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
965 -# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
966 -# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
931 +# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
932 +# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
933 +# EST CST WST EDT CDT
967 934 #
968 -# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
969 -# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
970 -# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
971 -# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
935 +# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
936 +# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
937 +# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
972 938 #
973 -# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
974 -# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
975 -# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
976 -# are the hit counts anyway:
939 +# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
940 +# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
941 +# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
977 942 #
978 -# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
979 -# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
980 -# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
981 -# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
943 +# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
944 +# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
945 +# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
982 946 #
983 -# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
984 -# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
985 -# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
986 -# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
947 +# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
948 +# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
949 +# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
950 +# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
951 +# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
952 +# appear in reports of events with international implications.
987 953 #
988 -# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
989 -# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
990 -#
991 -# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
992 -# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
993 -# the ambiguities involved.
994 -#
995 -# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
996 -#
997 -# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
998 -# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
999 -# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
1000 -# understood in Australia.
954 +# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
955 +# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
956 +# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
957 +# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
958 +# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
959 +# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
960 +# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current
961 +# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
962 +# "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
1001 963
1002 964 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
1003 965 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1004 966 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
1005 967 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
1006 968 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
1007 -# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
969 +# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
1008 970 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
1009 971
1010 972 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
1011 973 #
1012 974 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
1013 975 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
1014 976 # relevant entries in this database.
1015 977 #
1016 978 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
1017 -# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
1018 979 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
1019 -# </a>
980 +# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html
1020 981 # ACT
1021 -# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
1022 982 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
1023 -# </a>
983 +# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html
1024 984 # SA
1025 -# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
1026 985 # Standard Time Act, 1898
1027 -# </a>
986 +# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html
1028 987
1029 988 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
1030 989 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
1031 990 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
1032 991 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
1033 992 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
1034 993 #
1035 994 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
1036 995 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
1037 996 # to extend DST together in 2006.
1038 997 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
1039 998 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
1040 999 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
1041 1000 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
1042 1001 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
1043 1002 # allude to it.
1044 1003 # But not Queensland
1045 -# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
1004 +# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
1046 1005
1047 1006 # Northern Territory
1048 1007
1049 1008 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1050 1009 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
1051 1010 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1052 1011 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
1053 1012 # ...
1054 1013 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
1055 1014
1056 1015 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1057 1016 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1058 1017 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
1059 1018
1060 1019 # Western Australia
1061 1020
1062 1021 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1063 1022 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
1064 1023 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1065 1024 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
1066 1025 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
1067 1026 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
1068 1027 # # before reaching parliament.
1069 1028 # ...
1070 1029 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
1071 1030 # ...
1072 1031 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1073 1032 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1074 1033 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1075 1034 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1076 1035
1077 1036 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1078 1037 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1079 1038 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
1080 1039
1081 1040 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
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1082 1041 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
1083 1042 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
1084 1043 # work at 9.00am.)
1085 1044 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
1086 1045 # everybody again.
1087 1046
1088 1047 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1089 1048 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
1090 1049 # it matches what was used in the past.
1091 1050
1092 -# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
1093 1051 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
1094 -# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
1052 +# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
1053 +# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
1095 1054 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
1096 1055
1097 1056 # Queensland
1098 1057 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1099 1058 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
1100 1059 # # [ Dec 1990 ]
1101 1060 # ...
1102 1061 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
1103 1062 # ...
1104 1063 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1105 1064 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
1106 1065 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1107 1066 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
1108 1067
1109 1068 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
1110 1069 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
1111 1070 # October 1989).
1112 1071
1113 1072 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1114 1073 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1115 1074 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1116 1075 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1117 1076
1118 1077 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
1119 1078 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
1120 1079 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
1121 1080 # me.)
1122 1081
1123 1082 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
1124 1083 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
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1125 1084 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
1126 1085 # ...
1127 1086 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1128 1087 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1129 1088 # ...
1130 1089
1131 1090 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1132 1091 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
1133 1092
1134 1093 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
1135 -# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
1094 +# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
1136 1095 # WA are trialing DST for three years.
1137 -# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
1096 +# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
1138 1097
1139 1098 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
1140 1099 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
1141 1100 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
1142 1101 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
1143 1102 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
1144 1103 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
1145 1104 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
1146 1105 # Australia and Western Australia....
1147 1106 #
1148 1107 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
1149 1108 # This is confirmed by the section entitled
1150 1109 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in
1151 -# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
1110 +# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html
1152 1111 #
1153 1112 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
1154 1113 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
1155 1114 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
1156 1115 # coast of the continent.
1157 1116 #
1158 1117 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
1159 1118 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
1160 1119 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
1161 1120 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
1162 1121 # the largest population centre in this zone....
1163 1122 #
1164 1123 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
1165 1124 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
1166 1125 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
1167 1126 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
1168 1127 #
1169 1128 # (2006-12-09):
1170 1129 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
1171 1130 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
1172 1131 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
1173 1132 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
1174 1133
1175 1134 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
1176 1135 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
1177 1136 # introduction of standard time in 1895.
1178 1137
1179 1138
1180 1139 # southeast Australia
1181 1140 #
1182 1141 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1183 1142 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
1184 1143 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
1185 1144 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
1186 1145
1187 1146
1188 1147 # South Australia
1189 1148
1190 1149 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1191 1150 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1192 1151 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1193 1152 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1194 1153
1195 1154 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1196 1155 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
1197 1156 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1198 1157 # ...
1199 1158 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
1200 1159 # ...
1201 1160 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1202 1161 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1203 1162 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
1204 1163 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1205 1164
1206 1165 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
1207 1166 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
1208 1167 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
1209 1168 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
1210 1169
1211 1170 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
1212 1171 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
1213 1172 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
1214 1173 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
1215 1174 # is on...
1216 1175
1217 1176 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
1218 1177 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
1219 1178 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
1220 1179 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
1221 1180
1222 1181 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
1223 1182 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
1224 1183 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
1225 1184 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
1226 1185
1227 1186 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
1228 1187 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
1229 1188 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
1230 1189 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
1231 1190
1232 1191 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1233 1192 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1234 1193
1235 1194 # Tasmania
1236 1195
1237 1196 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1238 1197 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1239 1198 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1240 1199 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1241 1200
1242 1201 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
1243 1202 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
1244 1203 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
1245 1204 # (but nothing new about that).
1246 1205
1247 1206 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
1248 1207 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
1249 1208 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
1250 1209 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
1251 1210 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
1252 1211 # instead of the first Sunday in October.
1253 1212
1254 1213 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
1255 1214 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
1256 1215
1257 1216 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1258 1217 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1259 1218
1260 1219 # Victoria
1261 1220
1262 1221 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1263 1222 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1264 1223 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1265 1224 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1266 1225
1267 1226 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
1268 1227 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
1269 1228 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
1270 1229 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
1271 1230 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
1272 1231 # in Melbourne, Australia.
1273 1232 #
1274 1233 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
1275 1234 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
1276 1235 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
1277 1236 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
1278 1237 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
1279 1238 # expected time.
1280 1239 #
1281 1240 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
1282 1241 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
1283 1242 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
1284 1243 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
1285 1244 #
1286 1245 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
1287 1246 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
1288 1247
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1289 1248 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1290 1249 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1291 1250
1292 1251 # New South Wales
1293 1252
1294 1253 # From Arthur David Olson:
1295 1254 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
1296 1255 # Based on law library research by John Mackin,
1297 1256 # who notes:
1298 1257 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
1299 -# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
1258 +# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
1300 1259 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1301 1260 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1302 1261 # legislation. This is very important to understand.
1303 1262 # I have researched New South Wales time only...
1304 1263
1305 1264 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1306 1265 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1307 -# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
1308 -# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
1309 -# Two months more daylight saving
1310 -# </a>
1311 -# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
1266 +# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore,
1267 +# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).
1268 +# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html
1312 1269
1313 1270 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1314 1271 # See the following official NSW source:
1315 -# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
1316 1272 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1317 -# </a>
1273 +# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ
1318 1274 #
1319 1275 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1320 1276 # daylight saving next year. See:
1321 -# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
1322 1277 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1323 -# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1278 +# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm
1279 +# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1324 1280 #
1325 1281 # Victoria will following NSW. See:
1326 -# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
1327 -# Vic to extend daylight saving
1328 -# </a> (1999-07-28).
1282 +# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
1283 +# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm
1329 1284 #
1330 1285 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1331 -# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
1332 -# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
1333 -# </a> (1999-07-19).
1286 +# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
1287 +# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm
1334 1288 #
1335 1289 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1336 -# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
1337 1290 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1338 -# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1339 -# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1291 +# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm
1292 +# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1293 +# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1340 1294 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1341 1295 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1342 1296 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1343 -# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
1297 +# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
1344 1298 #
1345 1299 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1346 -# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
1347 -# Broken Hill to be behind the times
1348 -# </a> (1999-07-21).
1300 +# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
1301 +# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm
1349 1302
1350 1303 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1351 1304 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1352 1305 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1353 1306
1354 1307 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1355 1308 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1356 1309 # towns to use Queensland time.
1357 1310
1358 1311 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1359 1312 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1360 1313
1361 1314 # Yancowinna
1362 1315
1363 1316 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
1364 -# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1317 +# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1365 1318
1366 1319 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1367 1320 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
1368 1321 # # [ Dec 1990 ]
1369 1322 # ...
1370 1323 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
1371 1324 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
1372 1325 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
1373 1326 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
1374 1327 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
1375 1328 # # presently available.
1376 1329 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
1377 1330 # ...
1378 1331 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1379 1332 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
1380 1333 # [followed by other Rules]
1381 1334
1382 1335 # Lord Howe Island
1383 1336
1384 1337 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1385 1338 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
1386 1339 # [ Dec 1990 ]
1387 1340 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
1388 1341 # hour ahead of NSW time.
1389 1342
1390 1343 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
1391 1344 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
1392 1345 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
1393 1346 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
1394 1347 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
1395 1348 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
1396 1349 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
1397 1350 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
1398 1351 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
1399 1352 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
1400 1353
1401 1354 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
1402 1355 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
1403 1356 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
1404 1357 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
1405 1358 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
1406 1359 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
1407 1360
1408 1361 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1409 1362 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
1410 1363 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
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1411 1364
1412 1365 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1413 1366 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1414 1367
1415 1368 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
1416 1369 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
1417 1370 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1418 1371 # summer (southern hemisphere).
1419 1372 #
1420 1373 # From
1421 -# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">
1422 1374 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
1423 -# </a>
1424 1375 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1425 1376 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
1426 1377 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1427 1378 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
1428 1379 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
1429 1380 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1430 1381 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
1431 1382 #
1432 1383 # We have a wrap-up here:
1433 -# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">
1434 1384 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
1435 -# </a>
1436 1385 ###############################################################################
1437 1386
1438 1387 # New Zealand
1439 1388
1440 1389 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
1441 1390 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1442 1391 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1443 1392 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1444 -# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1393 +# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1445 1394
1446 1395 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1447 1396 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1448 1397 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1449 1398 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1450 1399 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1451 1400 # ...
1452 1401 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1453 1402 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1454 1403 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1455 1404 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1456 1405 # ...
1457 1406 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1458 1407 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1459 1408
1460 1409 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1461 1410 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1462 1411 # rather than the October 1 value.
1463 1412
1464 1413 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1465 1414 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1466 1415 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1467 1416 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1468 1417 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1469 1418 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1470 1419 #
1471 1420 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1472 1421 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
1473 1422 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
1474 1423 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
1475 1424 #
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1476 1425 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1477 1426 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1478 1427 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1479 1428
1480 1429 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1481 1430 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1482 1431 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1483 1432 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1484 1433 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1485 1434
1435 +# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
1436 +# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
1437 +# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
1438 +# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
1439 +# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
1440 +# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
1441 +# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
1442 +# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
1443 +# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
1444 +# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
1445 +# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
1446 +# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
1447 +
1486 1448 ###############################################################################
1487 1449
1488 1450
1489 1451 # Fiji
1490 1452
1491 1453 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1492 1454 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1493 1455 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1494 1456
1495 1457 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1496 1458 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1497 1459 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1498 1460 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1499 1461
1500 1462 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1501 1463 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1502 1464
1503 1465 # From the BBC World Service in
1504 1466 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
1505 -# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1467 +# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1506 1468 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
1507 1469 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
1508 1470 # of the new millennium.
1509 1471
1510 1472 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1511 1473 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1512 1474
1513 -# Johnston
1514 1475
1515 -# Johnston data is from usno1995.
1516 -
1517 -
1518 1476 # Kiribati
1519 1477
1520 1478 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1521 1479 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1522 -# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
1480 +# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
1523 1481 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1524 1482
1525 1483
1526 1484 # Kwajalein
1527 1485
1528 1486 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1529 1487 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1530 1488 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1531 1489 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1532 1490 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1533 1491
1534 1492
1535 1493 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1536 1494
1537 -# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1538 -# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
1495 +# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1496 +# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1539 1497 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1540 1498 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1541 1499 # see Asia/Manila.
1542 1500
1543 1501 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
1544 1502 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1545 1503 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1546 1504 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1547 1505
1548 1506
1549 1507 # Micronesia
1550 1508
1551 1509 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1552 -# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
1553 -# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
1510 +# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1511 +# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1554 1512 #
1555 1513 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1556 1514 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1557 1515
1558 1516 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1559 1517 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1560 -# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
1561 -# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
1562 -# </a> (1999-01-26)
1518 +# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1519 +# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
1563 1520 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1564 1521 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1565 1522
1566 1523
1567 1524 # Midway
1568 1525
1569 1526 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1570 1527 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1571 1528 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1572 1529 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1573 1530 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1574 1531 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1575 1532 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1576 1533 # air at 6am your time.
1577 1534 #
1578 1535 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1579 1536 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1580 1537 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1581 1538 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1582 1539
1583 1540
1584 1541 # Pitcairn
1585 1542
1586 1543 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1587 1544 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1588 1545 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1589 1546 #
1590 1547 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1591 1548 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1592 1549 # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1593 1550 #
1594 1551 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1595 1552 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1596 1553 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1597 1554
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1598 1555 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1599 1556 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1600 1557 # ... at midnight.
1601 1558
1602 1559 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1603 1560 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1604 1561 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1605 1562 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1606 1563
1607 1564
1608 -# Samoa
1565 +# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
1609 1566
1610 1567 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1611 1568 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1612 -# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1613 -# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
1614 -# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
1569 +# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1570 +# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
1571 +# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
1615 1572
1573 +# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30
1574 +# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11
1575 +# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
1576 +# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
1577 +# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950,
1578 +# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
1579 +# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
1580 +# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
1616 1581
1617 1582 # Tonga
1618 1583
1619 1584 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1620 -# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
1621 -# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
1585 +# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
1586 +# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
1622 1587 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1623 1588
1624 1589 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1625 -# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
1626 -# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
1627 -# </a>:
1628 -
1590 +# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
1591 +# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
1592 +#
1629 1593 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1630 1594 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1631 1595 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1632 1596 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1633 1597 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1634 1598 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1635 1599 #
1636 -# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1637 -# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1600 +# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1601 +# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1638 1602 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1639 1603 #
1640 1604 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1641 1605 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1642 1606 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1643 1607 # minutes we have lost?"
1644 1608 #
1645 1609 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1646 1610 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1647 1611 # to say your prayers in the morning."
1648 1612
1649 1613 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1650 1614 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1651 1615
1652 1616 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
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1653 1617 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
1654 1618 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1655 1619 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1656 1620 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1657 1621 # Government.
1658 1622
1659 1623 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1660 1624 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1661 1625 #
1662 1626 # I was given this link by John Letts:
1663 -# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1664 1627 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1665 -# </a>
1666 1628 #
1667 1629 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1668 1630 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1669 1631 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1670 1632 # (12 + 1 hour DST).
1671 1633
1672 1634 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
1673 -# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">
1674 -# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1675 -# </a>:
1635 +# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>:
1676 1636 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1677 1637 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1678 1638 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1679 1639 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1680 1640 # set back an hour on the closing date."
1681 1641 # Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1682 1642
1683 1643 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1684 1644 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1685 1645 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1686 1646
1687 1647 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1688 1648 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1689 1649 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1690 1650 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1691 1651 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1692 1652 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1693 -# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
1653 +# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>)
1694 1654
1695 1655 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1696 1656 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1697 1657
1698 1658 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1699 1659 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1700 1660 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1701 1661 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1702 1662 # hour to 1:00am.
1703 1663
1704 1664 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
1705 1665 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1706 1666
1707 1667
1708 1668 # Wake
1709 1669
1710 1670 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1711 1671 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1712 1672 #
1713 -# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
1673 +# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
1714 1674 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1715 1675 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1716 1676 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1717 1677 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1718 1678 # impossible.
1719 1679 #
1720 1680 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
1721 1681
1722 1682 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1723 1683 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1724 1684
1725 1685 ###############################################################################
1726 1686
1727 1687 # The International Date Line
1728 1688
1729 1689 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1730 1690 #
1731 1691 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1732 1692 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1733 1693 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1734 1694 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1735 1695 #
1736 1696 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1737 1697 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1738 1698 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1739 1699 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1740 1700 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1741 1701 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1742 1702 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1743 1703 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1744 1704 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1745 1705 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1746 1706 # correct date is ambiguous.
1747 1707
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1748 1708 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
1749 1709 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
1750 1710 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
1751 1711 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
1752 1712 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
1753 1713 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
1754 1714 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
1755 1715 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
1756 1716 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
1757 1717 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
1758 -# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
1718 +# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were
1759 1719 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1760 1720 # independent merchant ships until World War II.
1761 1721
1762 1722 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1763 1723 # (2005-03-20):
1764 1724 #
1765 1725 # The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1766 -# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
1726 +# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187
1767 1727 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1768 1728 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.
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