1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 5 6 # Notes are at the end of this file 7 8 ############################################################################### 9 10 # Australia 11 12 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 13 14 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 16 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 17 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 18 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 19 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 20 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 21 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 22 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 23 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 24 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 25 26 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27 # Northern Territory 28 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 30 9:30 Aus AC%sT 31 # Western Australia 32 # 33 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 35 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 36 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 39 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 41 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 42 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 43 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 45 8:00 AW AW%sT 46 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul 48 8:45 AW ACW%sT 49 50 # Queensland 51 # 52 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 53 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 54 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 55 # Queensland ceased to. 56 # 57 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 58 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 59 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 60 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 61 # so use Lindeman. 62 # 63 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 65 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 66 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 67 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 68 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 69 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 70 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 71 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 72 10:00 AQ AE%sT 73 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 74 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 75 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 76 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 77 78 # South Australia 79 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 80 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 81 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 82 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 83 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 84 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 85 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 86 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 87 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 88 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 89 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 90 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 91 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 92 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 93 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 94 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 95 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 96 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 97 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 98 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 99 9:30 AS AC%sT 100 101 # Tasmania 102 # 103 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 104 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 105 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 106 # 107 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 108 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 109 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 110 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 111 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 112 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 113 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 114 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 115 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 116 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 117 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 118 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 119 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 120 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 121 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 122 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 123 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 124 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 126 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 127 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 128 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 129 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 130 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 131 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 132 10:00 AT AE%sT 133 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 134 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 135 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 136 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 137 10:00 AT AE%sT 138 139 # Victoria 140 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 141 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 142 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 143 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 144 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 145 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 146 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 147 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 148 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 149 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 150 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 151 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 152 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 153 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 154 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 155 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 156 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 157 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 158 10:00 AV AE%sT 159 160 # New South Wales 161 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 162 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 163 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 164 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 165 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 166 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 167 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 168 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 169 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 170 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 171 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 172 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 174 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 176 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 177 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 178 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 179 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 180 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 181 10:00 AN AE%sT 182 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 183 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 184 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 185 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 186 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 187 9:30 AS AC%sT 188 189 # Lord Howe Island 190 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 191 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 192 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 193 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 194 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 195 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 196 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 197 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 198 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 199 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 200 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 201 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 202 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 203 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 204 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 205 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 206 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 207 10:30 LH LH%sT 208 209 # Australian miscellany 210 # 211 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 212 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 213 # no times are set 214 # 215 # Coral Sea Is 216 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 217 # no times are set 218 # 219 # Macquarie 220 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 221 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 222 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 223 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 224 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 225 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 226 # 227 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 228 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 229 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 230 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 231 # on 4 April. 232 # 233 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 234 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 235 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 236 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 237 # pre-2013 versions of localtime. 238 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 239 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 240 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 241 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 242 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 243 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 244 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 245 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 246 247 # Christmas 248 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 249 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 250 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 251 252 # Cocos (Keeling) Is 253 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 254 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 255 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 257 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 258 259 260 # Fiji 261 262 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 263 264 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 265 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 266 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 267 # 268 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" 269 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 270 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 271 272 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 273 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 274 # amendments: 275 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 276 277 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 278 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 279 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 280 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 281 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 282 # 283 # Official source: 284 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 285 # 286 # A bit more background info here: 287 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 288 289 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 290 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 291 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 292 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 293 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 294 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 295 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 296 297 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 298 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 299 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 300 # 301 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 302 # which says 303 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 304 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 305 # 2am on February 26 next year. 306 307 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 308 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 309 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 310 # 311 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 312 # states: 313 # 314 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 315 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 316 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 317 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. 318 319 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 320 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 321 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 322 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 323 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 324 325 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 326 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 327 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 328 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 329 330 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 331 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 332 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 333 334 # From Paul Eggert (2014-01-10): 335 # For now, guess that Fiji springs forward the Sunday before the fourth 336 # Monday in October, and springs back the penultimate Sunday in January. 337 # This is ad hoc, but matches recent practice. 338 339 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 340 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 341 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 342 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 343 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 344 Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 345 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 346 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 347 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 348 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 349 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 350 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 351 352 # French Polynesia 353 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 354 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 355 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 356 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 357 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 358 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 359 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 360 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 361 # it is uninhabited. 362 363 # Guam 364 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 365 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 366 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 367 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 368 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 369 370 # Kiribati 371 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 372 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 373 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 374 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 375 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 376 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 377 13:00 - PHOT 378 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 379 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 380 -10:00 - LINT 1995 381 14:00 - LINT 382 383 # N Mariana Is 384 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 385 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 386 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 387 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 388 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 389 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 390 391 # Marshall Is 392 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 393 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 394 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 395 12:00 - MHT 396 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 397 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 398 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 399 12:00 - MHT 400 401 # Micronesia 402 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 403 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 404 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 405 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 406 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 407 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 408 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 409 12:00 - KOST 1999 410 11:00 - KOST 411 412 # Nauru 413 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 414 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 415 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 416 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 417 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 418 12:00 - NRT 419 420 # New Caledonia 421 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 422 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 423 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 424 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 425 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 426 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 427 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 428 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 429 11:00 NC NC%sT 430 431 432 ############################################################################### 433 434 # New Zealand 435 436 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 437 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 438 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 439 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 440 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 441 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 442 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 443 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 444 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 445 # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 446 # so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 447 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 448 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 449 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 450 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 451 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 452 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 453 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 454 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 455 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 456 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 457 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 458 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 459 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 460 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 461 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 462 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 463 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 464 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 465 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 466 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 467 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 468 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 469 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 470 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1 471 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 472 473 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 474 475 # Auckland Is 476 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 477 # and scientific personnel have wintered 478 479 # Campbell I 480 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 481 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 482 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 483 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 484 485 # Cook Is 486 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 487 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 488 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 489 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 490 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 491 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 492 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 493 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 494 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 495 496 ############################################################################### 497 498 499 # Niue 500 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 501 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 502 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 503 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 504 -11:00 - NUT 505 506 # Norfolk 507 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 508 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 509 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 510 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 511 512 # Palau (Belau) 513 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 514 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 515 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 516 517 # Papua New Guinea 518 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 519 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 520 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 521 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 522 523 # Pitcairn 524 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 525 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 526 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00 527 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 528 529 # American Samoa 530 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 531 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 532 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 533 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 534 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 535 536 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 537 538 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 539 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 540 # the following info: 541 # 542 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 543 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 544 # Sunday of April 2011." 545 # 546 # Background info: 547 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 548 # 549 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 550 # contain any dates: 551 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 552 553 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 554 # Please see 555 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws 556 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 557 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 558 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 559 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 560 561 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 562 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 563 # 564 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 565 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 566 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 567 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 568 569 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 570 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 571 # 572 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 573 574 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 575 # The International Date Line Act 2011 576 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 577 # changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 578 # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 579 # accordingly. 580 581 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 582 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 583 # 584 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 585 # 586 # DST 587 # Year End Time Start Time 588 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 589 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 590 # 591 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 592 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 593 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 594 # 595 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 596 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 597 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 598 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 599 # 600 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 601 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 602 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 603 604 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 605 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 606 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 607 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 608 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 609 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 610 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 611 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 612 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 613 -11:30 - WSST 1950 614 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa 615 13:00 WS WS%sT 616 617 # Solomon Is 618 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 619 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 620 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 621 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 622 623 # Tokelau Is 624 # 625 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 626 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 627 # December 31 this year ... 628 # 629 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 630 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 631 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 632 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 633 # actually was to UTC-11 back then. 634 # 635 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 636 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 637 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 638 # <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 639 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 640 # are off by an hour starting in 1901. 641 642 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 643 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 644 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 645 13:00 - TKT 646 647 # Tonga 648 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 649 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 650 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 651 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 652 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 653 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 654 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 655 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 656 13:00 - TOT 1999 657 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 658 659 # Tuvalu 660 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 661 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 662 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 663 664 665 # US minor outlying islands 666 667 # Howland, Baker 668 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 669 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 670 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 671 # uninhabited thereafter. 672 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; 673 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 674 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 675 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 676 # until they were abandoned after the war. 677 678 # Jarvis 679 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 680 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 681 # uninhabited thereafter. 682 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 683 684 # Johnston 685 # 686 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): 687 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 688 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 689 # treat it like Hawaii for now. 690 # 691 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 692 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 693 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 694 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 695 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 696 # 697 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 698 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 699 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 700 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 701 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 702 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 703 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 704 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 705 # http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 706 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 707 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 708 # Minus One Hour". 709 # 710 # See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 711 712 # Kingman 713 # uninhabited 714 715 # Midway 716 # 717 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 718 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 719 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 720 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly 721 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 722 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 723 # designations that I've never seen before:.... 724 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 725 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 726 # 727 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 728 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 729 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 730 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 731 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 732 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 733 734 # Palmyra 735 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 736 737 # Wake 738 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 739 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 740 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 741 742 743 # Vanuatu 744 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 745 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 746 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 747 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 748 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 749 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 750 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 751 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 752 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 753 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 754 755 # Wallis and Futuna 756 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 757 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 758 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 759 760 ############################################################################### 761 762 # NOTES 763 764 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 765 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 766 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 767 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 768 769 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 770 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 771 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 772 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 773 # 774 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 775 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 776 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 777 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 778 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 779 # 780 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 781 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 782 # 783 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 784 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 785 # I found in the UCLA library. 786 # 787 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 788 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 789 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 790 # 791 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 792 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 793 # 794 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 795 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 796 # Corrections are welcome! 797 # std dst 798 # LMT Local Mean Time 799 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 800 # 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia* 801 # 9:00 JST Japan 802 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 803 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 804 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 805 # 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe* 806 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 807 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 808 # 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945* 809 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present* 810 # 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present* 811 # -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950* 812 # -11:00 SST Samoa 813 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 814 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 815 # 816 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 817 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 818 819 ############################################################################### 820 821 # Australia 822 823 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 824 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 825 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 826 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 827 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 828 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 829 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 830 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 831 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 832 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 833 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 834 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 835 836 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 837 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 838 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 839 # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 840 841 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 842 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 843 # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 844 # covers New South Wales in particular. 845 846 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 847 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 848 # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 849 # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 850 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 851 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 852 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 853 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 854 # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 855 # time'. 856 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 857 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 858 # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 859 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 860 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 861 # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 862 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 863 864 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 865 # 866 # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 867 # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 868 # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 869 # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 870 # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 871 # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 872 # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 873 # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 874 # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 875 # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 876 # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 877 # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 878 # 879 # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 880 # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 881 # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 882 # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 883 # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 884 # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 885 # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 886 # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 887 # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 888 # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 889 # 890 # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 891 # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 892 # 893 # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 894 # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 895 # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 896 # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 897 # 898 # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 899 # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 900 # 901 # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 902 # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 903 # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 904 # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 905 # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 906 # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 907 # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 908 # 909 # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 910 # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 911 # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 912 # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 913 # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 914 # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 915 # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 916 # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 917 # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 918 # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 919 # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 920 # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 921 # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 922 # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 923 # 924 # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 925 # 926 # The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 927 # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 928 # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 929 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 930 # 931 # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 932 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 933 # EST CST WST EDT CDT 934 # 935 # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 936 # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 937 # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 938 # 939 # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 940 # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 941 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 942 # 943 # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 944 # http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 945 # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 946 # 947 # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 948 # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 949 # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 950 # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 951 # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 952 # appear in reports of events with international implications. 953 # 954 # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 955 # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 956 # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 957 # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 958 # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 959 # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 960 # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 961 # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 962 # "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 963 964 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 965 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 966 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 967 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 968 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 969 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 970 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 971 972 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 973 # 974 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 975 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 976 # relevant entries in this database. 977 # 978 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 979 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 980 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 981 # ACT 982 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 983 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 984 # SA 985 # Standard Time Act, 1898 986 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 987 988 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 989 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 990 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 991 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 992 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 993 # 994 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 995 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 996 # to extend DST together in 2006. 997 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 998 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 999 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1000 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1001 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1002 # allude to it. 1003 # But not Queensland 1004 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1005 1006 # Northern Territory 1007 1008 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1009 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1010 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1011 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1012 # ... 1013 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1014 1015 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1016 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1017 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1018 1019 # Western Australia 1020 1021 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1022 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1023 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1024 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1025 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1026 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1027 # # before reaching parliament. 1028 # ... 1029 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1030 # ... 1031 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1032 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1033 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1034 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1035 1036 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1037 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1038 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1039 1040 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1041 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1042 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1043 # work at 9.00am.) 1044 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1045 # everybody again. 1046 1047 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1048 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1049 # it matches what was used in the past. 1050 1051 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1052 # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1053 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1054 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1055 1056 # Queensland 1057 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1058 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1059 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1060 # ... 1061 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1062 # ... 1063 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1064 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1065 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1066 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1067 1068 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1069 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1070 # October 1989). 1071 1072 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1073 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1074 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1075 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1076 1077 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1078 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1079 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1080 # me.) 1081 1082 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1083 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1084 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1085 # ... 1086 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1087 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1088 # ... 1089 1090 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1091 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1092 1093 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1094 # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1095 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 1096 # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1097 1098 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1099 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1100 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1101 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1102 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1103 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1104 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1105 # Australia and Western Australia.... 1106 # 1107 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1108 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 1109 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1110 # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1111 # 1112 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1113 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1114 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1115 # coast of the continent. 1116 # 1117 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1118 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1119 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1120 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1121 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 1122 # 1123 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1124 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1125 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1126 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1127 # 1128 # (2006-12-09): 1129 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1130 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1131 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1132 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1133 1134 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1135 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1136 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 1137 1138 1139 # southeast Australia 1140 # 1141 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1142 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1143 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1144 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1145 1146 1147 # South Australia 1148 1149 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1150 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1151 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1152 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1153 1154 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1155 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1156 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1157 # ... 1158 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1159 # ... 1160 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1161 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1162 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1163 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1164 1165 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1166 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1167 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1168 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1169 1170 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1171 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1172 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1173 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1174 # is on... 1175 1176 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1177 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1178 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1179 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1180 1181 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1182 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1183 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1184 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1185 1186 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1187 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1188 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1189 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1190 1191 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1192 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1193 1194 # Tasmania 1195 1196 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1197 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1198 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1199 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1200 1201 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1202 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1203 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1204 # (but nothing new about that). 1205 1206 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1207 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1208 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1209 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1210 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1211 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1212 1213 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1214 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1215 1216 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1217 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1218 1219 # Victoria 1220 1221 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1222 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1223 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1224 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1225 1226 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1227 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1228 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1229 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1230 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1231 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1232 # 1233 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1234 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1235 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1236 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1237 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1238 # expected time. 1239 # 1240 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1241 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1242 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1243 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1244 # 1245 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1246 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1247 1248 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1249 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1250 1251 # New South Wales 1252 1253 # From Arthur David Olson: 1254 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1255 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1256 # who notes: 1257 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1258 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1259 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1260 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1261 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1262 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1263 1264 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1265 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1266 # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1267 # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1268 # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1269 1270 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1271 # See the following official NSW source: 1272 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1273 # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1274 # 1275 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1276 # daylight saving next year. See: 1277 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1278 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1279 # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1280 # 1281 # Victoria will following NSW. See: 1282 # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1283 # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1284 # 1285 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1286 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1287 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1288 # 1289 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1290 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1291 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1292 # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1293 # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1294 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1295 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1296 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1297 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1298 # 1299 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1300 # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1301 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1302 1303 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1304 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1305 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1306 1307 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1308 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1309 # towns to use Queensland time. 1310 1311 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1312 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1313 1314 # Yancowinna 1315 1316 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1317 # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1318 1319 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1320 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1321 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1322 # ... 1323 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1324 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1325 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1326 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1327 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1328 # # presently available. 1329 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1330 # ... 1331 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1332 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1333 # [followed by other Rules] 1334 1335 # Lord Howe Island 1336 1337 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1338 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1339 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1340 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1341 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1342 1343 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1344 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1345 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1346 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1347 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1348 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1349 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1350 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1351 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1352 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1353 1354 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1355 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1356 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1357 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1358 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1359 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1360 1361 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1362 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1363 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1364 1365 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1366 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1367 1368 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1369 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1370 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1371 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1372 # 1373 # From 1374 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1375 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1376 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1377 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1378 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1379 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1380 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1381 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1382 # 1383 # We have a wrap-up here: 1384 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1385 ############################################################################### 1386 1387 # New Zealand 1388 1389 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1390 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1391 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1392 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1393 # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1394 1395 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1396 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1397 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1398 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1399 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1400 # ... 1401 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1402 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1403 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1404 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1405 # ... 1406 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1407 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1408 1409 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1410 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1411 # rather than the October 1 value. 1412 1413 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1414 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1415 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1416 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1417 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1418 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1419 # 1420 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1421 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1422 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1423 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1424 # 1425 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1426 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1427 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1428 1429 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1430 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1431 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1432 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1433 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1434 1435 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1436 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1437 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1438 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1439 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1440 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1441 # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1442 # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1443 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1444 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1445 # LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1446 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1447 1448 ############################################################################### 1449 1450 1451 # Fiji 1452 1453 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1454 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1455 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1456 1457 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1458 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1459 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1460 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1461 1462 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1463 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1464 1465 # From the BBC World Service in 1466 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1467 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1468 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1469 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1470 # of the new millennium. 1471 1472 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1473 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1474 1475 1476 # Kiribati 1477 1478 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1479 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1480 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1481 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1482 1483 1484 # Kwajalein 1485 1486 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1487 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1488 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1489 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1490 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1491 1492 1493 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1494 1495 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1496 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1497 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1498 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1499 # see Asia/Manila. 1500 1501 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1502 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1503 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1504 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1505 1506 1507 # Micronesia 1508 1509 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1510 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1511 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1512 # 1513 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1514 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1515 1516 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1517 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1518 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1519 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1520 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1521 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1522 1523 1524 # Midway 1525 1526 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1527 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1528 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1529 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1530 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1531 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1532 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1533 # air at 6am your time. 1534 # 1535 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1536 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1537 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1538 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1539 1540 1541 # Pitcairn 1542 1543 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1544 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1545 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1546 # 1547 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1548 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1549 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1550 # 1551 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1552 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1553 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1554 1555 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1556 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1557 # ... at midnight. 1558 1559 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1560 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1561 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1562 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1563 1564 1565 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1566 1567 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1568 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1569 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1570 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1571 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1572 1573 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30 1574 # in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11 1575 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1576 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1577 # Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950, 1578 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1579 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1580 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1581 1582 # Tonga 1583 1584 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1585 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1586 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1587 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1588 1589 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1590 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1591 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1592 # 1593 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1594 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1595 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1596 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1597 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1598 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1599 # 1600 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1601 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1602 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1603 # 1604 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1605 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1606 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1607 # minutes we have lost?" 1608 # 1609 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1610 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1611 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1612 1613 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1614 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1615 1616 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1617 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1618 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1619 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1620 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1621 # Government. 1622 1623 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1624 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1625 # 1626 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1627 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1628 # 1629 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1630 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1631 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1632 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1633 1634 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1635 # According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1636 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1637 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1638 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1639 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1640 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1641 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1642 1643 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1644 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1645 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1646 1647 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1648 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1649 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1650 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1651 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1652 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1653 # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1654 1655 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1656 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1657 1658 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1659 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1660 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1661 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1662 # hour to 1:00am. 1663 1664 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1665 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1666 1667 1668 # Wake 1669 1670 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1671 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1672 # 1673 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1674 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1675 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1676 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1677 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1678 # impossible. 1679 # 1680 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1681 1682 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1683 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1684 1685 ############################################################################### 1686 1687 # The International Date Line 1688 1689 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1690 # 1691 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1692 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1693 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1694 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1695 # 1696 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1697 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1698 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1699 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1700 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1701 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1702 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1703 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1704 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1705 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1706 # correct date is ambiguous. 1707 1708 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1709 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1710 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1711 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1712 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1713 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1714 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1715 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1716 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1717 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1718 # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1719 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1720 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1721 1722 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1723 # (2005-03-20): 1724 # 1725 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1726 # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1727 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1728 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.