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5129 Update timezone info db to 2014g
*** 1,6 ****
- # <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
# This file also includes Pacific islands.
--- 1,5 ----
*** 11,54 ****
# Australia
# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
! Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
! Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
! Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
! Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
! Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
! Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Northern Territory
Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
! 9:00 - CST 1899 May
! 9:30 Aus CST
# Western Australia
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
! 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
! 8:00 AW WST
Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
! 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul
! 8:45 AW CWST
# Queensland
#
# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
--- 10,53 ----
# Australia
# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D
! Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S
! Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D
! Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S
! Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D
! Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
! Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D
# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Northern Territory
Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
! 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
! 9:30 Aus AC%sT
# Western Australia
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
! 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul
! 8:00 AW AW%sT
Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
! 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul
! 8:45 AW ACW%sT
# Queensland
#
# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
*** 60,213 ****
# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
# so use Lindeman.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
! 10:00 Aus EST 1971
! 10:00 AQ EST
Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
! 10:00 Aus EST 1971
! 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
! 10:00 Holiday EST
# South Australia
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
! 9:00 - CST 1899 May
! 9:30 Aus CST 1971
! 9:30 AS CST
# Tasmania
#
# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
! # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
! 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
! 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
! 10:00 Aus EST 1967
! 10:00 AT EST
Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
! 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
! 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
! 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
! 10:00 AT EST
# Victoria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
! 10:00 Aus EST 1971
! 10:00 AV EST
# New South Wales
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
! Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
! Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
! 10:00 Aus EST 1971
! 10:00 AN EST
Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
! 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
! 9:00 - CST 1899 May
! 9:30 Aus CST 1971
! 9:30 AN CST 2000
! 9:30 AS CST
# Lord Howe Island
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
! Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
! Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
! Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
! Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
! Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
! Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
! Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
! Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
! Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
! Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
! Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
! Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
! Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
! 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
! 10:30 LH LHST
# Australian miscellany
#
# Ashmore Is, Cartier
# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
--- 59,212 ----
# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
# so use Lindeman.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
! 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
! 10:00 AQ AE%sT
Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
! 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
! 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul
! 10:00 Holiday AE%sT
# South Australia
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
! 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
! 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
! 9:30 AS AC%sT
# Tasmania
#
# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
! # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
! 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
! 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
! 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
! 10:00 AT AE%sT
Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
! 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
! 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
! 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul
! 10:00 AT AE%sT
# Victoria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
! 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
! 10:00 AV AE%sT
# New South Wales
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
! Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
! Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
! 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
! 10:00 AN AE%sT
Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
! 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23
! 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
! 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
! 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000
! 9:30 AS AC%sT
# Lord Howe Island
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
! Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
! Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
! Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
! Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D
! Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
! Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
! Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
! Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
! Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
! Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
! Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
! Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
! Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D
Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
! 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar
! 10:30 LH LH%sT
# Australian miscellany
#
# Ashmore Is, Cartier
# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
*** 219,230 ****
#
# Macquarie
# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
! # <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828>
! # <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>.
# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
#
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
--- 218,229 ----
#
# Macquarie
# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
! # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
! # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
#
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
*** 231,347 ****
# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
# on 4 April.
#
# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
! # will produce a binary file with an EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
# pre-2013 versions of localtime.
Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov
! 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
! 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
! 10:00 Aus EST 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25
! 10:00 Aus EST 1967
! 10:00 AT EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00
11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time
# Christmas
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
! # Cook Is
! # From Shanks & Pottenger:
! # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
! Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
! Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
! # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
! Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
! -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
! -10:00 Cook CK%sT
!
! # Cocos
# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
# Fiji
# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
#
# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
- # <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719">
# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
- # </a>
- # or
- # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
- # </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
# amendments:
- # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml">
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
- # </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
#
# Official source:
- # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166">
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
- # </a>
#
# A bit more background info here:
- # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
- # </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
- # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
- # </a>
- # or
- # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
- # </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
#
! # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
! # www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
! # </a>
# which says
# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
# 2am on February 26 next year.
# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
#
- # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
- # </a>
# states:
#
# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
--- 230,316 ----
# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
# on 4 April.
#
# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
! # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
# pre-2013 versions of localtime.
Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov
! 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
! 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
! 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25
! 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
! 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time
# Christmas
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
! # Cocos (Keeling) Is
# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
+
# Fiji
# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
#
# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
# amendments:
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
#
# Official source:
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
#
# A bit more background info here:
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
#
! # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
# which says
# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
# 2am on February 26 next year.
# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
#
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
# states:
#
# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
*** 352,380 ****
# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
! # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 and end at 3am
! # on Sunday 19th January, 2014.... move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
! #
! # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
# For now, guess that Fiji springs forward the Sunday before the fourth
! # Monday in October. This matches both recent practice and
! # timeanddate.com's current spring-forward prediction.
! # For the January 2014 transition we guessed right while timeanddate.com
! # guessed wrong, so leave the fall-back prediction alone.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
! Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
# French Polynesia
--- 321,352 ----
# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
! # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
! # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
!
! # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
! # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
! # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx
!
! # From Paul Eggert (2014-01-10):
# For now, guess that Fiji springs forward the Sunday before the fourth
! # Monday in October, and springs back the penultimate Sunday in January.
! # This is ad hoc, but matches recent practice.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
! Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
! Rule Fiji 2014 max - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
# French Polynesia
*** 451,461 ****
Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
! Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
11:00 NC NC%sT
###############################################################################
--- 423,433 ----
Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
! Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
11:00 NC NC%sT
###############################################################################
*** 468,478 ****
Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
! # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
--- 440,451 ----
Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
! # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
! # so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
*** 491,515 ****
Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
12:00 NZ NZ%sT
! Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
# Auckland Is
! # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
# and scientific personnel have wintered
# Campbell I
# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
###############################################################################
# Niue
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
--- 464,500 ----
Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
12:00 NZ NZ%sT
! Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
! 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1
12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
# Auckland Is
! # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
# and scientific personnel have wintered
# Campbell I
# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
+ # Cook Is
+ # From Shanks & Pottenger:
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
+ Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
+ -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
+ -10:00 Cook CK%sT
+
###############################################################################
# Niue
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
*** 536,557 ****
10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
# Pitcairn
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
! -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
-8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
# American Samoa
Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
-11:22:48 - LMT 1911
- -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
! # Samoa
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
# the following info:
#
--- 521,541 ----
10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
# Pitcairn
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
! -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00
-8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
# American Samoa
Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
-11:22:48 - LMT 1911
-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
! # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
# the following info:
#
*** 558,655 ****
# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
# Sunday of April 2011."
#
# Background info:
- # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
- # </a>
#
# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
# contain any dates:
- # <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf">
# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
- # </a>
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
# Please see
- # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws
- # </a>,
# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
! # I believe this will be posted shortly on the website
! # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
! # www.mcil.gov.ws
! # </a>
#
! # PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
! #
! # Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,
! # businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight
! # saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).
! #
! # The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes
! # the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,
! # then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be
! # adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
! #
! # Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,
! # INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011
! # From David Zuelke (2011-05-09):
# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
#
- # <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963">
# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
- # </a>
! # From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17):
! # I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law
! # Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she
! # confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather
! # than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But
! # the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa
! # changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13:
! #
! # International Date Line Bill 2011
! #
! # AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make
! # consequential amendments to the position of the International Date
! # Line, and for related purposes.
! #
! # BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament
! # assembled as follows:
! #
! # 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the
! # International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act
! # commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3)
! # Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State.
! #
! # [snip]
! #
! # 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any
! # other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the
! # time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time.
! #
! # 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa
! # standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated
! # Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's
! # time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and
! # instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to
! # Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this
! # Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that
! # it defines Samoa standard time....
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
- # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html">
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
- # </a>
#
# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
#
# DST
# Year End Time Start Time
--- 542,587 ----
# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
# Sunday of April 2011."
#
# Background info:
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
#
# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
# contain any dates:
# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
# Please see
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws
# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
! # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
#
! # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
! # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
! # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
! # (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
! # From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
#
# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
! # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
! # The International Date Line Act 2011
! # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
! # changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
! # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted
! # accordingly.
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
#
# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
#
# DST
# Year End Time Start Time
*** 658,696 ****
#
# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
#
! # Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03):
! # Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012
! # seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on
! # a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below.
! #
! # From Nicky (2012-09-10):
# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
! # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.
! #
! # Please find link below for more information.
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
#
! # That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well
! # which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the
! # future, so for now, we will guess this will continue.
- # Western Samoa
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
- Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
-11:26:56 - LMT 1911
! -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
! -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26
! -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00
! -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00
! -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30
! 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00
13:00 WS WS%sT
# Solomon Is
# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
--- 590,619 ----
#
# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
#
! # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
! # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
#
! # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
! # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
! # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D
+ Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S
+ Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D
+ Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S
Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
-11:26:56 - LMT 1911
! -11:30 - WSST 1950
! -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa
13:00 WS WS%sT
# Solomon Is
# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
*** 758,776 ****
# uninhabited thereafter.
# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
# Johnston
#
! # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-03):
# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and
# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
- # We have no better information, so for now, assume this has been true
- # indefinitely into the past.
#
# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston.
# Kingman
# uninhabited
--- 681,714 ----
# uninhabited thereafter.
# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
# Johnston
#
! # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11):
! # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
! # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
! # treat it like Hawaii for now.
! #
# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and
# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
#
+ # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
+ # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
+ # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
+ # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the
+ # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
+ # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
+ # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
+ # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
+ # http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
+ # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
+ # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
+ # Minus One Hour".
+ #
# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston.
# Kingman
# uninhabited
*** 777,787 ****
# Midway
#
# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
! # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
# designations that I've never seen before:....
# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
--- 715,725 ----
# Midway
#
# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
! # reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly
# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
# designations that I've never seen before:....
# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
*** 821,833 ****
###############################################################################
# NOTES
! # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
! # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
--- 759,772 ----
###############################################################################
# NOTES
! # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
! # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
! # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
*** 844,1032 ****
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
! # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
! # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
! # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst
# LMT Local Mean Time
! # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
! # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
# 9:00 JST Japan
! # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
! # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
! # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
! # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
# -11:00 SST Samoa
# -10:00 HST Hawaii
# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
#
! # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
! # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
###############################################################################
# Australia
# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
- # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
! # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
- # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
! # </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
! # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
! # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
! # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
# abbreviation does _not_ change...
# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
! # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
# time'.
# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
! # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
! # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
! # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
! # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
! # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
! # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
! # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
! # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
!
! # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
! # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
! # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
! # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
! # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
!
! # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
! # versus "AEST" etc.:
#
! # I see the following points of dispute:
#
! # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
#
! # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
! # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
! # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
! # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
! # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
! # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
! # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
! # think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
#
! # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
! # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
! # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
! # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
#
! # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
#
! # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
! # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
! # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
! # Time, for example.
#
! # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
! # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
! # tiebreaker.
#
! # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
! # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
! # the word "Australian"?
#
! # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
! # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
! # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
! # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
! # following count of page hits:
#
! # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
! # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
! # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
! # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
#
! # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
! # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
! # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
! # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
#
! # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
! # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
! # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
! # are the hit counts anyway:
#
! # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
! # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
! # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
! # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
#
! # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
! # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
! # 176 "ACST" and domain:au
! # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
#
! # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
! # 68 "AWST" and domain:au
! #
! # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
! # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
! # the ambiguities involved.
! #
! # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
! #
! # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
! # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
! # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
! # understood in Australia.
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
! # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
#
# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
# relevant entries in this database.
#
# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
- # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
! # </a>
# ACT
- # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
! # </a>
# SA
- # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
# Standard Time Act, 1898
! # </a>
# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
--- 783,991 ----
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
! # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
! # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
! # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst
# LMT Local Mean Time
! # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
! # 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia*
# 9:00 JST Japan
! # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
! # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
! # 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe*
# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
! # 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945*
! # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present*
! # 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present*
! # -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950*
# -11:00 SST Samoa
# -10:00 HST Hawaii
# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
#
! # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
! # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
###############################################################################
# Australia
+ # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+ # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
+ # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
+ # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
+ # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
+ # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
+ # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
+ # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
+ # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
+ # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
+ # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
+ # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
+
# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
! # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
! # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
! # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving
! # covers New South Wales in particular.
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
! # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
! # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
! # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
# abbreviation does _not_ change...
# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
! # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
# time'.
# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
! # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
! # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
! # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
! # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
#
! # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
! # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
! # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
! # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
! # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
! # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
! # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
! # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web
! # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
! # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
! # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
! # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
#
! # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
! # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
! # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
! # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
! # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
! # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
! # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
! # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
! # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
! # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
#
! # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
! # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
#
! # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
! # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages
! # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
! # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
#
! # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
! # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au
#
! # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
! # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
! # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
! # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers
! # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
! # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
! # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
#
! # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
! # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/>
! # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
! # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
! # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
! # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
! # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
! # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not
! # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
! # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
! # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
! # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
! # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
! # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
#
! # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree:
#
! # The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
! # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
! # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
! # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
#
! # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
! # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
! # EST CST WST EDT CDT
#
! # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
! # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
! # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
#
! # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
! # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
! # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
#
! # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
! # http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
! # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
#
! # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
! # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
! # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
! # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
! # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
! # appear in reports of events with international implications.
#
! # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
! # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
! # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
! # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
! # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
! # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
! # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current
! # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
! # "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
! # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
#
# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
# relevant entries in this database.
#
# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
! # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html
# ACT
# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
! # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html
# SA
# Standard Time Act, 1898
! # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html
# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
*** 1040,1050 ****
# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
# allude to it.
# But not Queensland
! # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
# Northern Territory
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
--- 999,1009 ----
# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
# allude to it.
# But not Queensland
! # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
# Northern Territory
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
*** 1087,1099 ****
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
# it matches what was used in the past.
- # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
! # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
# Queensland
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
--- 1046,1058 ----
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
# it matches what was used in the past.
# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
! # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
! # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
# Queensland
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
*** 1130,1142 ****
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
! # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
# WA are trialing DST for three years.
! # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
--- 1089,1101 ----
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
! # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
# WA are trialing DST for three years.
! # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
*** 1146,1156 ****
# Australia and Western Australia....
#
# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
# This is confirmed by the section entitled
# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
! # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
#
# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
# coast of the continent.
--- 1105,1115 ----
# Australia and Western Australia....
#
# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
# This is confirmed by the section entitled
# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
! # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html
#
# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
# coast of the continent.
*** 1294,1353 ****
# From Arthur David Olson:
# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
# who notes:
# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
! # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
# legislation. This is very important to understand.
# I have researched New South Wales time only...
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
! # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
! # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
! # Two months more daylight saving
! # </a>
! # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
# See the following official NSW source:
- # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
! # </a>
#
# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
# daylight saving next year. See:
- # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
! # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
#
# Victoria will following NSW. See:
! # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
! # Vic to extend daylight saving
! # </a> (1999-07-28).
#
# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
! # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
! # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
! # </a> (1999-07-19).
#
# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
- # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
! # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
! # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
! # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
#
# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
! # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
! # Broken Hill to be behind the times
! # </a> (1999-07-21).
# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
--- 1253,1306 ----
# From Arthur David Olson:
# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
# who notes:
# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
! # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
# legislation. This is very important to understand.
# I have researched New South Wales time only...
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
! # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore,
! # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).
! # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html
# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
# See the following official NSW source:
# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
! # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ
#
# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
# daylight saving next year. See:
# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
! # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm
! # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
#
# Victoria will following NSW. See:
! # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
! # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm
#
# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
! # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
! # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm
#
# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
! # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm
! # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
! # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
! # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
#
# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
! # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
! # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm
# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
*** 1359,1369 ****
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
# Yancowinna
# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
! # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
# ...
--- 1312,1322 ----
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
# Yancowinna
# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
! # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
# ...
*** 1416,1449 ****
# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
# summer (southern hemisphere).
#
# From
- # <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">
# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
- # </a>
# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
#
# We have a wrap-up here:
- # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
- # </a>
###############################################################################
# New Zealand
# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
! # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
--- 1369,1398 ----
# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
# summer (southern hemisphere).
#
# From
# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
#
# We have a wrap-up here:
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
###############################################################################
# New Zealand
# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
! # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
*** 1481,1490 ****
--- 1430,1452 ----
# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
+ # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
+ # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
+ # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
+ # http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
+ # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
+ # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
+ # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
+ # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
+ # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
+ # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
+ # LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
+ # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
+
###############################################################################
# Fiji
*** 1500,1527 ****
# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
# From the BBC World Service in
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
! # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
# of the new millennium.
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
- # Johnston
- # Johnston data is from usno1995.
-
-
# Kiribati
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
! # ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
# Kwajalein
--- 1462,1485 ----
# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
# From the BBC World Service in
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
! # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
# of the new millennium.
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
# Kiribati
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
! # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
# Kwajalein
*** 1532,1543 ****
# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
# N Mariana Is, Guam
! # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
! # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
# see Asia/Manila.
# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
--- 1490,1501 ----
# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
# N Mariana Is, Guam
! # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
! # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
# see Asia/Manila.
# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
*** 1547,1567 ****
# Micronesia
# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
! # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
! # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
#
# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
! # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
! # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
! # </a> (1999-01-26)
# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
# Midway
--- 1505,1524 ----
# Micronesia
# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
! # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
! # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
#
# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
! # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
! # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
# Midway
*** 1603,1642 ****
# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
! # Samoa
# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
! # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
! # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
! # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
# Tonga
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
! # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
! # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
! # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
! # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
! # </a>:
!
# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
#
! # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
! # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
#
# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
--- 1560,1606 ----
# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
! # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
! # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
! # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
! # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
+ # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30
+ # in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11
+ # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
+ # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
+ # Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950,
+ # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
+ # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
+ # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
# Tonga
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
! # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
! # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
! # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
! # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
! #
# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
#
! # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
! # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
#
# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
*** 1658,1680 ****
# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
#
# I was given this link by John Letts:
- # <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
- # </a>
#
# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
# (12 + 1 hour DST).
# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
! # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">
! # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
! # </a>:
# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
# set back an hour on the closing date."
--- 1622,1640 ----
# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
#
# I was given this link by John Letts:
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
#
# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
# (12 + 1 hour DST).
# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
! # According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>:
# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
# set back an hour on the closing date."
*** 1688,1698 ****
# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
! # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
--- 1648,1658 ----
# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
! # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>)
# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
*** 1708,1718 ****
# Wake
# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
#
! # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
# impossible.
--- 1668,1678 ----
# Wake
# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
#
! # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
# impossible.
*** 1753,1768 ****
# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
! # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
# independent merchant ships until World War II.
# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
# (2005-03-20):
#
# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
! # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
# international waters; it ignores the international date line.
--- 1713,1728 ----
# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
! # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were
# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
# independent merchant ships until World War II.
# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
# (2005-03-20):
#
# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
! # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187
# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
# international waters; it ignores the international date line.