1 # <pre> 2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 6 7 # Notes are at the end of this file 8 9 ############################################################################### 10 11 # Australia 12 13 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 14 15 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 17 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 18 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 19 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 20 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 21 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 22 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 23 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 24 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 25 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 26 27 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28 # Northern Territory 29 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 30 9:00 - CST 1899 May 31 9:30 Aus CST 32 # Western Australia 33 # 34 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 35 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 36 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 37 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 38 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 39 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 40 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 41 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 42 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 43 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 44 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 45 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 46 8:00 AW WST 47 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 48 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 49 8:45 AW CWST 50 51 # Queensland 52 # 53 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 54 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 55 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 56 # Queensland ceased to. 57 # 58 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 59 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 60 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 61 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 62 # so use Lindeman. 63 # 64 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 66 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 67 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 68 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 69 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 71 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 72 10:00 Aus EST 1971 73 10:00 AQ EST 74 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 75 10:00 Aus EST 1971 76 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 77 10:00 Holiday EST 78 79 # South Australia 80 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 81 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 82 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 83 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 84 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 85 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 86 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 87 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 88 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 89 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 90 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 91 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 93 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 96 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 98 9:00 - CST 1899 May 99 9:30 Aus CST 1971 100 9:30 AS CST 101 102 # Tasmania 103 # 104 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 105 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 106 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 107 # 108 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 109 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 110 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 111 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 112 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 113 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 114 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 115 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 118 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 119 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 120 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 121 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 122 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 123 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 124 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 125 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 126 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 127 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 128 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 130 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 131 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 132 10:00 Aus EST 1967 133 10:00 AT EST 134 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 135 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 136 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 137 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 138 10:00 AT EST 139 140 # Victoria 141 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 142 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 143 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 144 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 145 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 146 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 147 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 148 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 150 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 151 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 153 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 154 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 156 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 158 10:00 Aus EST 1971 159 10:00 AV EST 160 161 # New South Wales 162 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 163 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 164 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 165 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 166 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 167 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 169 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 170 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 171 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 173 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 179 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 181 10:00 Aus EST 1971 182 10:00 AN EST 183 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 184 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 185 9:00 - CST 1899 May 186 9:30 Aus CST 1971 187 9:30 AN CST 2000 188 9:30 AS CST 189 190 # Lord Howe Island 191 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 192 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 193 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 194 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 195 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 196 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 197 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 198 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 199 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 200 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 201 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 206 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 207 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 208 10:30 LH LHST 209 210 # Australian miscellany 211 # 212 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 213 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 214 # no times are set 215 # 216 # Coral Sea Is 217 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 218 # no times are set 219 # 220 # Macquarie 221 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 222 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 223 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 224 # <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828> 225 # <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>. 226 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 227 # 228 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 229 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 230 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 231 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 232 # on 4 April. 233 # 234 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 235 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 236 # will produce a binary file with an EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 237 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 238 # pre-2013 versions of localtime. 239 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 240 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 241 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 242 10:00 Aus EST 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 243 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 244 10:00 Aus EST 1967 245 10:00 AT EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 246 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 247 248 # Christmas 249 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 250 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 251 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 252 253 # Cook Is 254 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 255 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 256 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 257 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 258 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 259 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 260 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 261 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 262 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 263 264 # Cocos 265 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 266 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 267 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 268 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 269 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 270 271 # Fiji 272 273 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 274 275 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 276 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 277 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 278 # 279 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" 280 # <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 281 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 282 # </a> 283 # or 284 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 285 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 286 # </a> 287 288 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 289 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 290 # amendments: 291 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 292 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 293 # </a> 294 295 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 296 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 297 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 298 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 299 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 300 # 301 # Official source: 302 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 303 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 304 # </a> 305 # 306 # A bit more background info here: 307 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 308 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 309 # </a> 310 311 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 312 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 313 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 314 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 315 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 316 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 317 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 318 # </a> 319 # or 320 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 321 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 322 # </a> 323 324 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 325 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 326 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 327 # 328 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 329 # www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 330 # </a> 331 # which says 332 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 333 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 334 # 2am on February 26 next year. 335 336 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 337 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 338 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 339 # 340 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 341 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 342 # </a> 343 # states: 344 # 345 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 346 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 347 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 348 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. 349 350 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 351 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 352 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 353 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 354 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 355 356 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 357 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 and end at 3am 358 # on Sunday 19th January, 2014.... move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 359 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 360 # 361 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): 362 # For now, guess that Fiji springs forward the Sunday before the fourth 363 # Monday in October. This matches both recent practice and 364 # timeanddate.com's current spring-forward prediction. 365 # For the January 2014 transition we guessed right while timeanddate.com 366 # guessed wrong, so leave the fall-back prediction alone. 367 368 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 369 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 370 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 371 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 372 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 373 Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 374 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 375 Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 376 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 377 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 378 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 379 380 # French Polynesia 381 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 382 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 383 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 384 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 385 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 386 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 387 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 388 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 389 # it is uninhabited. 390 391 # Guam 392 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 393 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 394 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 395 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 396 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 397 398 # Kiribati 399 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 400 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 401 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 402 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 403 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 404 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 405 13:00 - PHOT 406 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 407 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 408 -10:00 - LINT 1995 409 14:00 - LINT 410 411 # N Mariana Is 412 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 413 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 414 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 415 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 416 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 417 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 418 419 # Marshall Is 420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 421 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 422 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 423 12:00 - MHT 424 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 425 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 426 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 427 12:00 - MHT 428 429 # Micronesia 430 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 431 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 432 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 433 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 434 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 435 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 436 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 437 12:00 - KOST 1999 438 11:00 - KOST 439 440 # Nauru 441 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 442 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 443 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 444 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 445 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 446 12:00 - NRT 447 448 # New Caledonia 449 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 450 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 451 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 452 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 453 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 454 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 455 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 456 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 457 11:00 NC NC%sT 458 459 460 ############################################################################### 461 462 # New Zealand 463 464 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 465 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 466 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 467 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 468 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 469 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 470 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 471 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 472 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 473 # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 474 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 475 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 476 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 477 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 478 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 479 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 480 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 481 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 482 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 483 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 484 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 485 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 486 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 487 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 488 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 489 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 490 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 491 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 492 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 493 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 494 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 495 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 496 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 497 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 498 499 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 500 501 # Auckland Is 502 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 503 # and scientific personnel have wintered 504 505 # Campbell I 506 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 507 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 508 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 509 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 510 511 ############################################################################### 512 513 514 # Niue 515 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 516 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 517 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 518 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 519 -11:00 - NUT 520 521 # Norfolk 522 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 523 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 524 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 525 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 526 527 # Palau (Belau) 528 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 529 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 530 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 531 532 # Papua New Guinea 533 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 534 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 535 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 536 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 537 538 # Pitcairn 539 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 540 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 541 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 542 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 543 544 # American Samoa 545 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 546 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 547 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 548 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 549 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 550 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 551 552 # Samoa 553 554 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 555 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 556 # the following info: 557 # 558 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 559 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 560 # Sunday of April 2011." 561 # 562 # Background info: 563 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 564 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 565 # </a> 566 # 567 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 568 # contain any dates: 569 # <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 570 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 571 # </a> 572 573 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 574 # Please see 575 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 576 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws 577 # </a>, 578 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 579 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 580 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 581 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 582 583 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 584 # I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 585 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 586 # www.mcil.gov.ws 587 # </a> 588 # 589 # PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 590 # 591 # Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 592 # businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 593 # saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 594 # 595 # The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 596 # the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 597 # then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 598 # adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 599 # 600 # Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 601 # INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 602 603 # From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 604 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 605 # 606 # <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 607 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 608 # </a> 609 610 # From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 611 # I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 612 # Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 613 # confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 614 # than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 615 # the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 616 # changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 617 # 618 # International Date Line Bill 2011 619 # 620 # AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 621 # consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 622 # Line, and for related purposes. 623 # 624 # BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 625 # assembled as follows: 626 # 627 # 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 628 # International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 629 # commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 630 # Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 631 # 632 # [snip] 633 # 634 # 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 635 # other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 636 # time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 637 # 638 # 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 639 # standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 640 # Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 641 # time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 642 # instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 643 # Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 644 # Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 645 # it defines Samoa standard time.... 646 647 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 648 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 649 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 650 # </a> 651 # 652 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 653 # 654 # DST 655 # Year End Time Start Time 656 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 657 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 658 # 659 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 660 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 661 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 662 # 663 # Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 664 # Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 665 # seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 666 # a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 667 # 668 # From Nicky (2012-09-10): 669 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 670 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013. 671 # 672 # Please find link below for more information. 673 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 674 # 675 # That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well 676 # which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the 677 # future, so for now, we will guess this will continue. 678 679 # Western Samoa 680 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 681 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 682 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 683 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 684 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 685 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 686 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 687 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 688 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 689 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 690 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 691 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00 692 13:00 WS WS%sT 693 694 # Solomon Is 695 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 696 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 697 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 698 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 699 700 # Tokelau Is 701 # 702 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 703 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 704 # December 31 this year ... 705 # 706 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 707 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 708 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 709 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 710 # actually was to UTC-11 back then. 711 # 712 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 713 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 714 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 715 # <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 716 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 717 # are off by an hour starting in 1901. 718 719 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 720 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 721 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 722 13:00 - TKT 723 724 # Tonga 725 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 726 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 727 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 728 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 729 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 730 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 731 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 732 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 733 13:00 - TOT 1999 734 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 735 736 # Tuvalu 737 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 738 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 739 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 740 741 742 # US minor outlying islands 743 744 # Howland, Baker 745 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 746 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 747 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 748 # uninhabited thereafter. 749 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; 750 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 751 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 752 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 753 # until they were abandoned after the war. 754 755 # Jarvis 756 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 757 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 758 # uninhabited thereafter. 759 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 760 761 # Johnston 762 # 763 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-03): 764 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 765 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 766 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 767 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 768 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 769 # We have no better information, so for now, assume this has been true 770 # indefinitely into the past. 771 # 772 # See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 773 774 # Kingman 775 # uninhabited 776 777 # Midway 778 # 779 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 780 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 781 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 782 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 783 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 784 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 785 # designations that I've never seen before:.... 786 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 787 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 788 # 789 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 790 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 791 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 792 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 793 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 794 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 795 796 # Palmyra 797 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 798 799 # Wake 800 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 801 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 802 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 803 804 805 # Vanuatu 806 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 807 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 808 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 809 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 810 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 811 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 812 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 813 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 814 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 815 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 816 817 # Wallis and Futuna 818 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 819 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 820 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 821 822 ############################################################################### 823 824 # NOTES 825 826 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 827 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 828 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 829 830 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 831 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 832 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 833 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 834 # 835 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 836 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 837 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 838 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 839 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 840 # 841 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 842 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 843 # 844 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 845 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 846 # I found in the UCLA library. 847 # 848 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 849 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 850 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 851 # 852 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 853 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 854 # 855 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 856 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 857 # Corrections are welcome! 858 # std dst 859 # LMT Local Mean Time 860 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 861 # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 862 # 9:00 JST Japan 863 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 864 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 865 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 866 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 867 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 868 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 869 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 870 # -11:00 SST Samoa 871 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 872 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 873 # 874 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 875 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 876 877 ############################################################################### 878 879 # Australia 880 881 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 882 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 883 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 884 # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 885 886 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 887 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 888 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 889 # </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 890 891 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 892 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 893 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 894 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 895 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 896 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 897 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 898 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 899 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 900 # time'. 901 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 902 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 903 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 904 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 905 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 906 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 907 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 908 909 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 910 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 911 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 912 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 913 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 914 915 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 916 # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 917 # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 918 # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 919 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 920 921 # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 922 # versus "AEST" etc.: 923 # 924 # I see the following points of dispute: 925 # 926 # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 927 # 928 # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 929 # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 930 # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 931 # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 932 # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 933 # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 934 # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 935 # think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 936 # 937 # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 938 # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 939 # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 940 # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 941 # 942 # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 943 # 944 # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 945 # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 946 # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 947 # Time, for example. 948 # 949 # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 950 # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 951 # tiebreaker. 952 # 953 # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 954 # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 955 # the word "Australian"? 956 # 957 # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 958 # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 959 # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 960 # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 961 # following count of page hits: 962 # 963 # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 964 # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 965 # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 966 # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 967 # 968 # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 969 # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 970 # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 971 # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 972 # 973 # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 974 # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 975 # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 976 # are the hit counts anyway: 977 # 978 # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 979 # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 980 # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 981 # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 982 # 983 # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 984 # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 985 # 176 "ACST" and domain:au 986 # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 987 # 988 # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 989 # 68 "AWST" and domain:au 990 # 991 # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 992 # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 993 # the ambiguities involved. 994 # 995 # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 996 # 997 # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 998 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 999 # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 1000 # understood in Australia. 1001 1002 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1003 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1004 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1005 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1006 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1007 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 1008 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1009 1010 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1011 # 1012 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1013 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1014 # relevant entries in this database. 1015 # 1016 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1017 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 1018 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1019 # </a> 1020 # ACT 1021 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 1022 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1023 # </a> 1024 # SA 1025 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 1026 # Standard Time Act, 1898 1027 # </a> 1028 1029 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1030 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1031 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1032 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1033 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1034 # 1035 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1036 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1037 # to extend DST together in 2006. 1038 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1039 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1040 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1041 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1042 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1043 # allude to it. 1044 # But not Queensland 1045 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 1046 1047 # Northern Territory 1048 1049 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1050 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1051 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1052 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1053 # ... 1054 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1055 1056 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1057 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1058 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1059 1060 # Western Australia 1061 1062 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1063 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1064 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1065 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1066 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1067 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1068 # # before reaching parliament. 1069 # ... 1070 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1071 # ... 1072 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1073 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1074 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1075 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1076 1077 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1078 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1079 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1080 1081 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1082 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1083 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1084 # work at 9.00am.) 1085 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1086 # everybody again. 1087 1088 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1089 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1090 # it matches what was used in the past. 1091 1092 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 1093 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1094 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1095 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1096 1097 # Queensland 1098 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1099 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1100 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1101 # ... 1102 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1103 # ... 1104 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1105 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1106 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1107 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1108 1109 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1110 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1111 # October 1989). 1112 1113 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1114 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1115 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1116 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1117 1118 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1119 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1120 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1121 # me.) 1122 1123 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1124 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1125 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1126 # ... 1127 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1128 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1129 # ... 1130 1131 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1132 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1133 1134 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1135 # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1136 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 1137 # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1138 1139 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1140 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1141 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1142 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1143 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1144 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1145 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1146 # Australia and Western Australia.... 1147 # 1148 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1149 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 1150 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1151 # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1152 # 1153 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1154 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1155 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1156 # coast of the continent. 1157 # 1158 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1159 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1160 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1161 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1162 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 1163 # 1164 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1165 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1166 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1167 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1168 # 1169 # (2006-12-09): 1170 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1171 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1172 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1173 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1174 1175 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1176 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1177 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 1178 1179 1180 # southeast Australia 1181 # 1182 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1183 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1184 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1185 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1186 1187 1188 # South Australia 1189 1190 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1191 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1192 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1193 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1194 1195 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1196 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1197 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1198 # ... 1199 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1200 # ... 1201 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1202 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1203 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1204 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1205 1206 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1207 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1208 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1209 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1210 1211 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1212 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1213 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1214 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1215 # is on... 1216 1217 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1218 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1219 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1220 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1221 1222 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1223 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1224 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1225 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1226 1227 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1228 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1229 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1230 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1231 1232 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1233 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1234 1235 # Tasmania 1236 1237 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1238 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1239 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1240 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1241 1242 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1243 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1244 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1245 # (but nothing new about that). 1246 1247 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1248 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1249 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1250 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1251 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1252 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1253 1254 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1255 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1256 1257 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1258 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1259 1260 # Victoria 1261 1262 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1263 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1264 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1265 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1266 1267 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1268 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1269 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1270 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1271 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1272 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1273 # 1274 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1275 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1276 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1277 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1278 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1279 # expected time. 1280 # 1281 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1282 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1283 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1284 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1285 # 1286 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1287 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1288 1289 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1290 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1291 1292 # New South Wales 1293 1294 # From Arthur David Olson: 1295 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1296 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1297 # who notes: 1298 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1299 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1300 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1301 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1302 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1303 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1304 1305 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1306 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1307 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1308 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1309 # Two months more daylight saving 1310 # </a> 1311 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1312 1313 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1314 # See the following official NSW source: 1315 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1316 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1317 # </a> 1318 # 1319 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1320 # daylight saving next year. See: 1321 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1322 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1323 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1324 # 1325 # Victoria will following NSW. See: 1326 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1327 # Vic to extend daylight saving 1328 # </a> (1999-07-28). 1329 # 1330 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1331 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1332 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1333 # </a> (1999-07-19). 1334 # 1335 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1336 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1337 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1338 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1339 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1340 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1341 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1342 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1343 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1344 # 1345 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1346 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1347 # Broken Hill to be behind the times 1348 # </a> (1999-07-21). 1349 1350 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1351 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1352 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1353 1354 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1355 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1356 # towns to use Queensland time. 1357 1358 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1359 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1360 1361 # Yancowinna 1362 1363 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1364 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1365 1366 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1367 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1368 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1369 # ... 1370 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1371 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1372 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1373 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1374 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1375 # # presently available. 1376 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1377 # ... 1378 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1379 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1380 # [followed by other Rules] 1381 1382 # Lord Howe Island 1383 1384 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1385 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1386 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1387 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1388 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1389 1390 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1391 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1392 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1393 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1394 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1395 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1396 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1397 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1398 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1399 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1400 1401 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1402 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1403 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1404 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1405 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1406 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1407 1408 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1409 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1410 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1411 1412 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1413 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1414 1415 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1416 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1417 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1418 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1419 # 1420 # From 1421 # <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1422 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1423 # </a> 1424 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1425 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1426 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1427 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1428 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1429 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1430 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1431 # 1432 # We have a wrap-up here: 1433 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1434 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1435 # </a> 1436 ############################################################################### 1437 1438 # New Zealand 1439 1440 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1441 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1442 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1443 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1444 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1445 1446 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1447 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1448 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1449 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1450 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1451 # ... 1452 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1453 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1454 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1455 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1456 # ... 1457 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1458 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1459 1460 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1461 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1462 # rather than the October 1 value. 1463 1464 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1465 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1466 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1467 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1468 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1469 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1470 # 1471 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1472 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1473 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1474 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1475 # 1476 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1477 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1478 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1479 1480 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1481 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1482 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1483 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1484 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1485 1486 ############################################################################### 1487 1488 1489 # Fiji 1490 1491 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1492 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1493 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1494 1495 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1496 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1497 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1498 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1499 1500 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1501 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1502 1503 # From the BBC World Service in 1504 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1505 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1506 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1507 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1508 # of the new millennium. 1509 1510 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1511 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1512 1513 # Johnston 1514 1515 # Johnston data is from usno1995. 1516 1517 1518 # Kiribati 1519 1520 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1521 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1522 # ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1523 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1524 1525 1526 # Kwajalein 1527 1528 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1529 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1530 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1531 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1532 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1533 1534 1535 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1536 1537 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1538 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1539 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1540 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1541 # see Asia/Manila. 1542 1543 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1544 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1545 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1546 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1547 1548 1549 # Micronesia 1550 1551 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1552 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1553 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1554 # 1555 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1556 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1557 1558 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1559 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1560 # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1561 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1562 # </a> (1999-01-26) 1563 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1564 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1565 1566 1567 # Midway 1568 1569 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1570 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1571 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1572 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1573 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1574 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1575 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1576 # air at 6am your time. 1577 # 1578 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1579 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1580 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1581 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1582 1583 1584 # Pitcairn 1585 1586 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1587 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1588 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1589 # 1590 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1591 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1592 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1593 # 1594 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1595 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1596 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1597 1598 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1599 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1600 # ... at midnight. 1601 1602 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1603 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1604 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1605 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1606 1607 1608 # Samoa 1609 1610 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1611 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1612 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1613 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1614 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1615 1616 1617 # Tonga 1618 1619 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1620 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1621 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1622 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1623 1624 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1625 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1626 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1627 # </a>: 1628 1629 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1630 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1631 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1632 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1633 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1634 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1635 # 1636 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1637 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1638 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1639 # 1640 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1641 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1642 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1643 # minutes we have lost?" 1644 # 1645 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1646 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1647 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1648 1649 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1650 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1651 1652 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1653 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1654 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1655 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1656 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1657 # Government. 1658 1659 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1660 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1661 # 1662 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1663 # <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1664 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1665 # </a> 1666 # 1667 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1668 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1669 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1670 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1671 1672 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1673 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1674 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1675 # </a>: 1676 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1677 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1678 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1679 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1680 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1681 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1682 1683 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1684 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1685 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1686 1687 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1688 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1689 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1690 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1691 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1692 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1693 # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1694 1695 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1696 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1697 1698 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1699 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1700 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1701 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1702 # hour to 1:00am. 1703 1704 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1705 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1706 1707 1708 # Wake 1709 1710 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1711 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1712 # 1713 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1714 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1715 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1716 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1717 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1718 # impossible. 1719 # 1720 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1721 1722 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1723 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1724 1725 ############################################################################### 1726 1727 # The International Date Line 1728 1729 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1730 # 1731 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1732 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1733 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1734 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1735 # 1736 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1737 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1738 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1739 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1740 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1741 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1742 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1743 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1744 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1745 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1746 # correct date is ambiguous. 1747 1748 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1749 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1750 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1751 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1752 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1753 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1754 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1755 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1756 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1757 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1758 # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1759 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1760 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1761 1762 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1763 # (2005-03-20): 1764 # 1765 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1766 # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1767 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1768 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.