1 # <pre>
   2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
   3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
   4 
   5 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
   6 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
   7 # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
   8 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
   9 # </a>
  10 # and
  11 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
  12 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
  13 # </a>
  14 # for information.
  15 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
  16 #
  17 # Except for the French entries,
  18 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
  19 # FORMAT is 'zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
  20 
  21 # These rules are stolen from the 'southamerica' file.
  22 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
  23 Rule    ArgAQ   1964    1966    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
  24 Rule    ArgAQ   1964    1966    -       Oct     15      0:00    1:00    S
  25 Rule    ArgAQ   1967    only    -       Apr      2      0:00    0       -
  26 Rule    ArgAQ   1967    1968    -       Oct     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    S
  27 Rule    ArgAQ   1968    1969    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:00    0       -
  28 Rule    ArgAQ   1974    only    -       Jan     23      0:00    1:00    S
  29 Rule    ArgAQ   1974    only    -       May      1      0:00    0       -
  30 Rule    ChileAQ 1972    1986    -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
  31 Rule    ChileAQ 1974    1987    -       Oct     Sun>=9       4:00u   1:00    S
  32 Rule    ChileAQ 1987    only    -       Apr     12      3:00u   0       -
  33 Rule    ChileAQ 1988    1989    -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
 
 
  38 Rule    ChileAQ 1991    1996    -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
  39 Rule    ChileAQ 1991    1997    -       Oct     Sun>=9       4:00u   1:00    S
  40 Rule    ChileAQ 1997    only    -       Mar     30      3:00u   0       -
  41 Rule    ChileAQ 1998    only    -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
  42 Rule    ChileAQ 1998    only    -       Sep     27      4:00u   1:00    S
  43 Rule    ChileAQ 1999    only    -       Apr      4      3:00u   0       -
  44 Rule    ChileAQ 1999    2010    -       Oct     Sun>=9       4:00u   1:00    S
  45 Rule    ChileAQ 2000    2007    -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
  46 # N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
  47 # which is used below in specifying the transition.
  48 Rule    ChileAQ 2008    only    -       Mar     30      3:00u   0       -
  49 Rule    ChileAQ 2009    only    -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
  50 Rule    ChileAQ 2010    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1       3:00u   0       -
  51 Rule    ChileAQ 2011    only    -       May     Sun>=2       3:00u   0       -
  52 Rule    ChileAQ 2011    only    -       Aug     Sun>=16      4:00u   1:00    S
  53 Rule    ChileAQ 2012    max     -       Apr     Sun>=23      3:00u   0       -
  54 Rule    ChileAQ 2012    max     -       Sep     Sun>=2       4:00u   1:00    S
  55 
  56 # Argentina - year-round bases
  57 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
  58 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
  59 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
  60 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
  61 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
  62 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
  63 #       (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
  64 
  65 # Australia - territories
  66 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
  67 #       previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
  68 #       <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
  69 #       Margaret Turner reports
  70 #       </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
  71 #       presumably this is when they have visitors.
  72 #
  73 # year-round bases
  74 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
  75 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
  76 #       (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
  77 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
  78 
  79 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
  80 # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
  81 # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
  82 # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
  83 # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
  84 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
  85 #
  86 # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
  87 # <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079">
  88 # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
  89 # </a>
  90 #
  91 # We have more background information here:
  92 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html">
  93 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
  94 # </a>
  95 
  96 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
  97 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ...
  98 #
  99 # - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
 100 # The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
 101 # has not been decided yet.
 102 #
 103 # - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010
 104 # 20:00 UTC.
 105 #
 106 # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
 107 #
 108 # Background:
 109 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html">
 110 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
 111 # </a>
 112 
 113 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 114 Zone Antarctica/Casey   0       -       zzz     1969
 115                         8:00    -       WST     2009 Oct 18 2:00
 116                                                 # Western (Aus) Standard Time
 117                         11:00   -       CAST    2010 Mar 5 2:00
 118                                                 # Casey Time
 119                         8:00    -       WST     2011 Oct 28 2:00
 120                         11:00   -       CAST    2012 Feb 21 17:00u
 121                         8:00    -       WST
 122 Zone Antarctica/Davis   0       -       zzz     1957 Jan 13
 123                         7:00    -       DAVT    1964 Nov # Davis Time
 124                         0       -       zzz     1969 Feb
 125                         7:00    -       DAVT    2009 Oct 18 2:00
 126                         5:00    -       DAVT    2010 Mar 10 20:00u
 127                         7:00    -       DAVT    2011 Oct 28 2:00
 128                         5:00    -       DAVT    2012 Feb 21 20:00u
 129                         7:00    -       DAVT
 130 Zone Antarctica/Mawson  0       -       zzz     1954 Feb 13
 131                         6:00    -       MAWT    2009 Oct 18 2:00
 132                                                 # Mawson Time
 133                         5:00    -       MAWT
 134 # References:
 135 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
 136 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
 137 # </a>
 138 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
 139 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
 140 # </a>
 141 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
 142 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
 143 # </a>
 144 
 145 # Brazil - year-round base
 146 # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
 147 
 148 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
 149 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
 150 # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
 151 # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
 152 # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
 153 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
 154 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
 155 
 156 # China - year-round bases
 157 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
 158 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
 159 
 160 # France - year-round bases
 161 #
 162 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
 163 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
 164 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
 165 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
 166 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
 167 # from Tasmania.
 168 #
 169 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
 170 #
 171 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
 172 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
 173 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
 174 #       whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
 175 #
 176 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
 177 #       fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
 178 #
 179 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 180 Zone Indian/Kerguelen   0       -       zzz     1950    # Port-aux-Francais
 181                         5:00    -       TFT     # ISO code TF Time
 182 #
 183 # year-round base in the main continent
 184 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
 185 #
 186 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
 187 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
 188 #
 189 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 190 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -      zzz     1947
 191                         10:00   -       PMT     1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
 192                         0       -       zzz     1956 Nov
 193                         10:00   -       DDUT    # Dumont-d'Urville Time
 194 # Reference:
 195 # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station">
 196 # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
 197 # </a>
 198 
 199 # Germany - year-round base
 200 # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
 201 
 202 # India - year-round base
 203 # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
 204 
 205 # Japan - year-round bases
 206 # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
 207 # Syowa, -690022+0393524
 208 #
 209 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
 210 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
 211 #
 212 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
 213 # was established on 1957-01-29.  Since Syowa station is still the main
 214 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
 215 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 216 Zone Antarctica/Syowa   0       -       zzz     1957 Jan 29
 217                         3:00    -       SYOT    # Syowa Time
 218 # See:
 219 # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
 220 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
 221 # </a>
 222 
 223 # S Korea - year-round base
 224 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
 225 
 226 # New Zealand - claims
 227 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
 228 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
 229 #
 230 # year-round base
 231 # Scott Base, Ross Island, since 1957-01.
 232 # See Pacific/Auckland.
 233 #
 234 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the 'australasia' file.
 235 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 236 Rule    NZAQ    1974    only    -       Nov      3      2:00s   1:00    D
 237 Rule    NZAQ    1975    1988    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00s   1:00    D
 238 Rule    NZAQ    1989    only    -       Oct      8      2:00s   1:00    D
 239 Rule    NZAQ    1990    2006    -       Oct     Sun>=1       2:00s   1:00    D
 240 Rule    NZAQ    1975    only    -       Feb     23      2:00s   0       S
 241 Rule    NZAQ    1976    1989    -       Mar     Sun>=1       2:00s   0       S
 242 Rule    NZAQ    1990    2007    -       Mar     Sun>=15      2:00s   0       S
 243 Rule    NZAQ    2007    max     -       Sep     lastSun 2:00s   1:00    D
 244 Rule    NZAQ    2008    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00s   0       S
 245 
 246 # Norway - territories
 247 # Bouvet (never inhabited)
 248 #
 249 # claims
 250 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
 251 
 252 # Poland - year-round base
 253 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
 254 
 255 # Russia - year-round bases
 256 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
 257 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
 258 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
 259 #       year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
 260 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
 261 #       year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
 262 
 263 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
 264 # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
 265 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
 266 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
 267 # time as Moscow, Russia.
 268 #
 269 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
 270 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
 271 # what they had to say about time there:
 272 # "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
 273 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
 274 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
 275 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
 276 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
 277 #
 278 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
 279 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
 280 # in person.  He said that some Antartic locations set their local
 281 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
 282 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
 283 # solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
 284 # happened to be during their visit.  So we still don't really know what time
 285 # it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess UTC+6.
 286 #
 287 Zone Antarctica/Vostok  0       -       zzz     1957 Dec 16
 288                         6:00    -       VOST    # Vostok time
 289 
 290 # S Africa - year-round bases
 291 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
 292 # Sanae, -7141-00250
 293 
 294 # UK
 295 #
 296 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
 297 # South Orkney Islands
 298 #       scientific station from 1903
 299 #       whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
 300 # South Shetland Islands
 301 #
 302 # year-round bases
 303 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
 304 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
 305 #       scientific station 1943/1967,
 306 #       previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
 307 #       and a garrison was deployed briefly
 308 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
 309 #       Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
 310 #       so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
 311 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
 312 #
 313 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
 314 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
 
 
 330 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
 331 # Palmer has followed Chile.  Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
 332 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
 333 #
 334 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 335 Zone Antarctica/Palmer  0       -       zzz     1965
 336                         -4:00   ArgAQ   AR%sT   1969 Oct 5
 337                         -3:00   ArgAQ   AR%sT   1982 May
 338                         -4:00   ChileAQ CL%sT
 339 #
 340 #
 341 # McMurdo Station, Ross Island, since 1955-12
 342 # Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
 343 #
 344 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
 345 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
 346 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
 347 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
 348 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
 349 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
 350 # at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
 351 #
 352 # From Susan Smith
 353 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
 354 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
 355 # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
 356 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
 357 # One last quirk about South Pole time.
 358 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
 359 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
 360 # makes all of the clocks run fast.  So every couple of days,
 361 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
 362 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
 363 #
 364 # See 'australasia' for Antarctica/McMurdo.
  | 
   1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
   2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
   3 
   4 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
   5 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
   6 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
   7 # http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/
   8 # and
   9 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
  10 # http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm
  11 # for information.
  12 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
  13 #
  14 # Except for the French entries,
  15 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
  16 # FORMAT is 'zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
  17 
  18 # These rules are stolen from the 'southamerica' file.
  19 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
  20 Rule    ArgAQ   1964    1966    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
  21 Rule    ArgAQ   1964    1966    -       Oct     15      0:00    1:00    S
  22 Rule    ArgAQ   1967    only    -       Apr      2      0:00    0       -
  23 Rule    ArgAQ   1967    1968    -       Oct     Sun>=1       0:00    1:00    S
  24 Rule    ArgAQ   1968    1969    -       Apr     Sun>=1       0:00    0       -
  25 Rule    ArgAQ   1974    only    -       Jan     23      0:00    1:00    S
  26 Rule    ArgAQ   1974    only    -       May      1      0:00    0       -
  27 Rule    ChileAQ 1972    1986    -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
  28 Rule    ChileAQ 1974    1987    -       Oct     Sun>=9       4:00u   1:00    S
  29 Rule    ChileAQ 1987    only    -       Apr     12      3:00u   0       -
  30 Rule    ChileAQ 1988    1989    -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
 
 
  35 Rule    ChileAQ 1991    1996    -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
  36 Rule    ChileAQ 1991    1997    -       Oct     Sun>=9       4:00u   1:00    S
  37 Rule    ChileAQ 1997    only    -       Mar     30      3:00u   0       -
  38 Rule    ChileAQ 1998    only    -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
  39 Rule    ChileAQ 1998    only    -       Sep     27      4:00u   1:00    S
  40 Rule    ChileAQ 1999    only    -       Apr      4      3:00u   0       -
  41 Rule    ChileAQ 1999    2010    -       Oct     Sun>=9       4:00u   1:00    S
  42 Rule    ChileAQ 2000    2007    -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
  43 # N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
  44 # which is used below in specifying the transition.
  45 Rule    ChileAQ 2008    only    -       Mar     30      3:00u   0       -
  46 Rule    ChileAQ 2009    only    -       Mar     Sun>=9       3:00u   0       -
  47 Rule    ChileAQ 2010    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1       3:00u   0       -
  48 Rule    ChileAQ 2011    only    -       May     Sun>=2       3:00u   0       -
  49 Rule    ChileAQ 2011    only    -       Aug     Sun>=16      4:00u   1:00    S
  50 Rule    ChileAQ 2012    max     -       Apr     Sun>=23      3:00u   0       -
  51 Rule    ChileAQ 2012    max     -       Sep     Sun>=2       4:00u   1:00    S
  52 
  53 # Argentina - year-round bases
  54 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
  55 # Carlini, Potter Cove, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
  56 # Esperanza, Hope Bay, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
  57 # Marambio, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
  58 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
  59 # San Martín, Barry I, -6808-06706, since 1951-03-21
  60 #       (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
  61 
  62 # Australia - territories
  63 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
  64 #       previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
  65 #       Margaret Turner reports
  66 #       http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html
  67 #       (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
  68 #       presumably this is when they have visitors.
  69 #
  70 # year-round bases
  71 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
  72 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
  73 #       (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
  74 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
  75 
  76 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
  77 # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
  78 # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
  79 # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
  80 # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
  81 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
  82 #
  83 # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
  84 # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
  85 #
  86 # We have more background information here:
  87 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
  88 
  89 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
  90 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ...
  91 #
  92 # - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
  93 # The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
  94 # has not been decided yet.
  95 #
  96 # - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010
  97 # 20:00 UTC.
  98 #
  99 # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
 100 #
 101 # Background:
 102 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
 103 
 104 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 105 Zone Antarctica/Casey   0       -       zzz     1969
 106                         8:00    -       AWST    2009 Oct 18  2:00
 107                                                 # Australian Western Std Time
 108                         11:00   -       CAST    2010 Mar  5  2:00  # Casey Time
 109                         8:00    -       AWST    2011 Oct 28  2:00
 110                         11:00   -       CAST    2012 Feb 21 17:00u
 111                         8:00    -       AWST
 112 Zone Antarctica/Davis   0       -       zzz     1957 Jan 13
 113                         7:00    -       DAVT    1964 Nov    # Davis Time
 114                         0       -       zzz     1969 Feb
 115                         7:00    -       DAVT    2009 Oct 18  2:00
 116                         5:00    -       DAVT    2010 Mar 10 20:00u
 117                         7:00    -       DAVT    2011 Oct 28  2:00
 118                         5:00    -       DAVT    2012 Feb 21 20:00u
 119                         7:00    -       DAVT
 120 Zone Antarctica/Mawson  0       -       zzz     1954 Feb 13
 121                         6:00    -       MAWT    2009 Oct 18  2:00 # Mawson Time
 122                         5:00    -       MAWT
 123 # References:
 124 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
 125 # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html
 126 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
 127 # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html
 128 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
 129 # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html
 130 
 131 # Belgium - year-round base
 132 # Princess Elisabeth, Queen Maud Land, -713412+0231200, since 2007
 133 
 134 # Brazil - year-round base
 135 # Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
 136 
 137 # Bulgaria - year-round base
 138 # St. Kliment Ohridski, Livingston Island, -623829-0602153, since 1988
 139 
 140 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
 141 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
 142 # Frei Montalva, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
 143 # O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
 144 # Prat, -6230-05941
 145 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
 146 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
 147 
 148 # China - year-round bases
 149 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
 150 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
 151 
 152 # France - year-round bases (also see "France & Italy")
 153 #
 154 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
 155 # Time data entries are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
 156 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
 157 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adélie bases
 158 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adélie supplies came
 159 # from Tasmania.
 160 #
 161 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
 162 #
 163 # Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964;
 164 #       sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+;
 165 #       see Indian/Reunion.
 166 #
 167 # Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
 168 # Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
 169 #       whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
 170 #
 171 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
 172 #       fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
 173 #
 174 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 175 Zone Indian/Kerguelen   0       -       zzz     1950 # Port-aux-Français
 176                         5:00    -       TFT     # ISO code TF Time
 177 #
 178 # year-round base in the main continent
 179 # Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
 180 # <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05)
 181 #
 182 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
 183 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
 184 #
 185 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 186 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -      zzz     1947
 187                         10:00   -       PMT     1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
 188                         0       -       zzz     1956 Nov
 189                         10:00   -       DDUT    # Dumont-d'Urville Time
 190 
 191 # France & Italy - year-round base
 192 # Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005
 193 
 194 # Germany - year-round base
 195 # Neumayer III, -704080-0081602, since 2009
 196 
 197 # India - year-round bases
 198 # Bharati, -692428+0761114, since 2012
 199 # Maitri, -704558+0114356, since 1989
 200 
 201 # Italy - year-round base (also see "France & Italy")
 202 # Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986
 203 
 204 # Japan - year-round bases
 205 # Syowa (also known as Showa), -690022+0393524, since 1957
 206 #
 207 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
 208 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
 209 #
 210 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
 211 # was established on 1957-01-29.  Since Syowa station is still the main
 212 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
 213 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 214 Zone Antarctica/Syowa   0       -       zzz     1957 Jan 29
 215                         3:00    -       SYOT    # Syowa Time
 216 # See:
 217 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
 218 # http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html
 219 
 220 # S Korea - year-round base
 221 # Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014
 222 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
 223 
 224 # New Zealand - claims
 225 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
 226 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
 227 #
 228 # year-round base
 229 # Scott Base, Ross Island, since 1957-01.
 230 # See Pacific/Auckland.
 231 
 232 # Norway - territories
 233 # Bouvet (never inhabited)
 234 #
 235 # claims
 236 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
 237 #
 238 # year-round base
 239 # Troll, Queen Maud Land, -720041+0023206, since 2005-02-12
 240 #
 241 # From Paul-Inge Flakstad (2014-03-10):
 242 # I recently had a long dialog about this with the developer of timegenie.com.
 243 # In the absence of specific dates, he decided to choose some likely ones:
 244 #   GMT +1 - From March 1 to the last Sunday in March
 245 #   GMT +2 - From the last Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October
 246 #   GMT +1 - From the last Sunday in October until November 7
 247 #   GMT +0 - From November 7 until March 1
 248 # The dates for switching to and from UTC+0 will probably not be absolutely
 249 # correct, but they should be quite close to the actual dates.
 250 #
 251 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-21):
 252 # The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tzcode 2014b or later, so as
 253 # suggested by Bengt-Inge Larsson comment them out for now, and approximate
 254 # with only UTC and CEST.  Uncomment them when 2014b is more prevalent.
 255 #
 256 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 257 #Rule   Troll   2005    max     -       Mar      1      1:00u   1:00    CET
 258 Rule    Troll   2005    max     -       Mar     lastSun 1:00u   2:00    CEST
 259 #Rule   Troll   2005    max     -       Oct     lastSun 1:00u   1:00    CET
 260 #Rule   Troll   2004    max     -       Nov      7      1:00u   0:00    UTC
 261 # Remove the following line when uncommenting the above '#Rule' lines.
 262 Rule    Troll   2004    max     -       Oct     lastSun 1:00u   0:00    UTC
 263 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 264 Zone Antarctica/Troll   0       -       zzz     2005 Feb 12
 265                         0:00    Troll   %s
 266 
 267 # Poland - year-round base
 268 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
 269 
 270 # Romania - year-bound base
 271 # Law-Racoviță, Larsemann Hills, -692319+0762251, since 1986
 272 
 273 # Russia - year-round bases
 274 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
 275 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
 276 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
 277 #       year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
 278 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
 279 #       year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
 280 
 281 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
 282 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
 283 # http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
 284 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
 285 # time as Moscow, Russia.
 286 #
 287 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
 288 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
 289 # what they had to say about time there:
 290 # "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
 291 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
 292 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
 293 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
 294 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
 295 #
 296 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
 297 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
 298 # in person.  He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
 299 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
 300 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
 301 # solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
 302 # happened to be during their visit.  So we still don't really know what time
 303 # it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess UTC+6.
 304 #
 305 Zone Antarctica/Vostok  0       -       zzz     1957 Dec 16
 306                         6:00    -       VOST    # Vostok time
 307 
 308 # S Africa - year-round bases
 309 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
 310 # SANAE IV, Vesleskarvet, Queen Maud Land, -714022-0025026, since 1997
 311 
 312 # Ukraine - year-round base
 313 # Vernadsky (formerly Faraday), Galindez Island, -651445-0641526, since 1954
 314 
 315 # United Kingdom
 316 #
 317 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
 318 # South Orkney Islands
 319 #       scientific station from 1903
 320 #       whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
 321 # South Shetland Islands
 322 #
 323 # year-round bases
 324 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
 325 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
 326 #       scientific station 1943/1967,
 327 #       previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
 328 #       and a garrison was deployed briefly
 329 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
 330 #       Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
 331 #       so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
 332 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
 333 #
 334 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
 335 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
 
 
 351 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
 352 # Palmer has followed Chile.  Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
 353 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
 354 #
 355 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 356 Zone Antarctica/Palmer  0       -       zzz     1965
 357                         -4:00   ArgAQ   AR%sT   1969 Oct 5
 358                         -3:00   ArgAQ   AR%sT   1982 May
 359                         -4:00   ChileAQ CL%sT
 360 #
 361 #
 362 # McMurdo Station, Ross Island, since 1955-12
 363 # Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
 364 #
 365 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
 366 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
 367 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
 368 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
 369 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
 370 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
 371 # at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90 Degrees South.)
 372 #
 373 # From Susan Smith
 374 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
 375 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
 376 # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
 377 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
 378 # One last quirk about South Pole time.
 379 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
 380 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
 381 # makes all of the clocks run fast.  So every couple of days,
 382 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
 383 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
 384 #
 385 # See 'australasia' for Antarctica/McMurdo.
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