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          --- old/usr/src/cmd/zic/africa
          +++ new/usr/src/cmd/zic/africa
   1      -# <pre>
   2    1  # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
   3    2  # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
   4    3  
   5      -# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
        4 +# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
   6    5  # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
   7      -# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
        6 +# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
        7 +# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
   8    8  
   9    9  # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
  10   10  #
  11   11  # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
  12   12  # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
  13   13  # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
  14   14  #
  15   15  # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
  16   16  # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
  17   17  # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
  18   18  # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
  
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  19   19  # of the IATA's data after 1990.
  20   20  #
  21   21  # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
  22   22  # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
  23   23  #
  24   24  # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
  25   25  # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
  26   26  # I found in the UCLA library.
  27   27  #
  28   28  # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
  29      -# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
  30      -# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
       29 +# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
       30 +# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
  31   31  #
  32   32  # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  33   33  # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  34   34  #
  35   35  # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
  36   36  # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
  37   37  # but Mark R V Murray reports that
  38      -# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
  39      -# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
  40      -# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
  41      -# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
  42      -# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
       38 +# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
       39 +# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
       40 +# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
       41 +# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
       42 +# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
  43   43  #
  44      -# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
       44 +# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
  45   45  # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
  46   46  # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
  47   47  # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
  48   48  # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
  49   49  #
  50   50  # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
  51   51  #       -1:00   WAT     West Africa Time (no longer used)
  52   52  #        0:00   GMT     Greenwich Mean Time
  53   53  #        2:00   CAT     Central Africa Time
  54   54  #        2:00   SAST    South Africa Standard Time
  55   55  # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
  56   56  #        1:00   WAT     West Africa Time
  57      -# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
       57 +# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
  58   58  # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
  59   59  # until we get more information.
  60   60  #
  61   61  # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
  62   62  #        2:00   WAST    West Africa Summer Time
  63   63  #        2:30   BEAT    British East Africa Time (no longer used)
  64   64  #        2:45   BEAUT   British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
  65   65  #        3:00   CAST    Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
  66   66  #        3:00   SAST    South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
  67   67  #        3:00   EAT     East Africa Time
  68   68  #        4:00   EAST    East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
  69   69  
  70   70  # Algeria
  71   71  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
  72   72  Rule    Algeria 1916    only    -       Jun     14      23:00s  1:00    S
  73   73  Rule    Algeria 1916    1919    -       Oct     Sun>=1  23:00s  0       -
  74   74  Rule    Algeria 1917    only    -       Mar     24      23:00s  1:00    S
  75   75  Rule    Algeria 1918    only    -       Mar      9      23:00s  1:00    S
  76   76  Rule    Algeria 1919    only    -       Mar      1      23:00s  1:00    S
  77   77  Rule    Algeria 1920    only    -       Feb     14      23:00s  1:00    S
  78   78  Rule    Algeria 1920    only    -       Oct     23      23:00s  0       -
  79   79  Rule    Algeria 1921    only    -       Mar     14      23:00s  1:00    S
  80   80  Rule    Algeria 1921    only    -       Jun     21      23:00s  0       -
  81   81  Rule    Algeria 1939    only    -       Sep     11      23:00s  1:00    S
  82   82  Rule    Algeria 1939    only    -       Nov     19       1:00   0       -
  83   83  Rule    Algeria 1944    1945    -       Apr     Mon>=1   2:00   1:00    S
  84   84  Rule    Algeria 1944    only    -       Oct      8       2:00   0       -
  85   85  Rule    Algeria 1945    only    -       Sep     16       1:00   0       -
  86   86  Rule    Algeria 1971    only    -       Apr     25      23:00s  1:00    S
  
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  87   87  Rule    Algeria 1971    only    -       Sep     26      23:00s  0       -
  88   88  Rule    Algeria 1977    only    -       May      6       0:00   1:00    S
  89   89  Rule    Algeria 1977    only    -       Oct     21       0:00   0       -
  90   90  Rule    Algeria 1978    only    -       Mar     24       1:00   1:00    S
  91   91  Rule    Algeria 1978    only    -       Sep     22       3:00   0       -
  92   92  Rule    Algeria 1980    only    -       Apr     25       0:00   1:00    S
  93   93  Rule    Algeria 1980    only    -       Oct     31       2:00   0       -
  94   94  # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
  95   95  # more precise 0:09:21.
  96   96  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
  97      -Zone    Africa/Algiers  0:12:12 -       LMT     1891 Mar 15 0:01
  98      -                        0:09:21 -       PMT     1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
  99      -                        0:00    Algeria WE%sT   1940 Feb 25 2:00
       97 +Zone    Africa/Algiers  0:12:12 -       LMT     1891 Mar 15  0:01
       98 +                        0:09:21 -       PMT     1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
       99 +                        0:00    Algeria WE%sT   1940 Feb 25  2:00
 100  100                          1:00    Algeria CE%sT   1946 Oct  7
 101  101                          0:00    -       WET     1956 Jan 29
 102  102                          1:00    -       CET     1963 Apr 14
 103  103                          0:00    Algeria WE%sT   1977 Oct 21
 104  104                          1:00    Algeria CE%sT   1979 Oct 26
 105  105                          0:00    Algeria WE%sT   1981 May
 106  106                          1:00    -       CET
 107  107  
 108  108  # Angola
 109      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 110      -Zone    Africa/Luanda   0:52:56 -       LMT     1892
 111      -                        0:52:04 -       AOT     1911 May 26 # Angola Time
 112      -                        1:00    -       WAT
 113      -
 114  109  # Benin
 115      -# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
 116      -# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 117      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 118      -Zone Africa/Porto-Novo  0:10:28 -       LMT     1912
 119      -                        0:00    -       GMT     1934 Feb 26
 120      -                        1:00    -       WAT
      110 +# See Africa/Lagos.
 121  111  
 122  112  # Botswana
 123  113  # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 124  114  # Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
 125  115  # assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
 126  116  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 127  117  Zone    Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 -       LMT     1885
 128  118                          1:30    -       SAST    1903 Mar
 129      -                        2:00    -       CAT     1943 Sep 19 2:00
 130      -                        2:00    1:00    CAST    1944 Mar 19 2:00
      119 +                        2:00    -       CAT     1943 Sep 19  2:00
      120 +                        2:00    1:00    CAST    1944 Mar 19  2:00
 131  121                          2:00    -       CAT
 132  122  
 133  123  # Burkina Faso
 134      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 135      -Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 -      LMT     1912
 136      -                         0:00   -       GMT
      124 +# See Africa/Abidjan.
 137  125  
 138  126  # Burundi
 139  127  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 140  128  Zone Africa/Bujumbura   1:57:28 -       LMT     1890
 141  129                          2:00    -       CAT
 142  130  
 143  131  # Cameroon
 144      -# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 145      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 146      -Zone    Africa/Douala   0:38:48 -       LMT     1912
 147      -                        1:00    -       WAT
      132 +# See Africa/Lagos.
 148  133  
 149  134  # Cape Verde
      135 +#
      136 +# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
      137 +# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
      138 +# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
      139 +# merely made it official?
      140 +#
 150  141  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 151      -Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -     LMT     1907                    # Praia
      142 +Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -     LMT     1907        # Praia
 152  143                          -2:00   -       CVT     1942 Sep
 153  144                          -2:00   1:00    CVST    1945 Oct 15
 154      -                        -2:00   -       CVT     1975 Nov 25 2:00
      145 +                        -2:00   -       CVT     1975 Nov 25  2:00
 155  146                          -1:00   -       CVT
 156  147  
 157  148  # Central African Republic
 158      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 159      -Zone    Africa/Bangui   1:14:20 -       LMT     1912
 160      -                        1:00    -       WAT
      149 +# See Africa/Lagos.
 161  150  
 162  151  # Chad
 163  152  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 164      -Zone    Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 -       LMT     1912
      153 +Zone    Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 -       LMT     1912        # N'Djamena
 165  154                          1:00    -       WAT     1979 Oct 14
 166  155                          1:00    1:00    WAST    1980 Mar  8
 167  156                          1:00    -       WAT
 168  157  
 169  158  # Comoros
 170  159  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 171      -Zone    Indian/Comoro   2:53:04 -       LMT     1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
      160 +Zone    Indian/Comoro   2:53:04 -       LMT     1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
 172  161                          3:00    -       EAT
 173  162  
 174      -# Democratic Republic of Congo
      163 +# Democratic Republic of the Congo
 175  164  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 176      -Zone Africa/Kinshasa    1:01:12 -       LMT     1897 Nov 9
 177      -                        1:00    -       WAT
 178  165  Zone Africa/Lubumbashi  1:49:52 -       LMT     1897 Nov 9
 179  166                          2:00    -       CAT
      167 +# The above is for the eastern part; see Africa/Lagos for the western part.
 180  168  
 181  169  # Republic of the Congo
 182      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 183      -Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 -       LMT     1912
 184      -                        1:00    -       WAT
      170 +# See Africa/Lagos.
 185  171  
 186      -# Cote D'Ivoire
      172 +# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
 187  173  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 188  174  Zone    Africa/Abidjan  -0:16:08 -      LMT     1912
 189  175                           0:00   -       GMT
      176 +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako       # Mali
      177 +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul       # Gambia
      178 +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry      # Guinea
      179 +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar        # Senegal
      180 +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown     # Sierra Leone
      181 +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome         # Togo
      182 +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott   # Mauritania
      183 +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou  # Burkina Faso
      184 +Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome     # São Tomé and Príncipe
      185 +Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena  # St Helena
 190  186  
 191  187  # Djibouti
 192  188  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 193  189  Zone    Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 -       LMT     1911 Jul
 194  190                          3:00    -       EAT
 195  191  
 196  192  ###############################################################################
 197  193  
 198  194  # Egypt
 199  195  
 200  196  # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
 201  197  # observatory; round to nearest.  Milne also says that the official time for
 202  198  # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
 203  199  # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
 204  200  
 205  201  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 206  202  Rule    Egypt   1940    only    -       Jul     15      0:00    1:00    S
 207  203  Rule    Egypt   1940    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 208  204  Rule    Egypt   1941    only    -       Apr     15      0:00    1:00    S
 209  205  Rule    Egypt   1941    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    0       -
 210  206  Rule    Egypt   1942    1944    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    S
 211  207  Rule    Egypt   1942    only    -       Oct     27      0:00    0       -
 212  208  Rule    Egypt   1943    1945    -       Nov      1      0:00    0       -
 213  209  Rule    Egypt   1945    only    -       Apr     16      0:00    1:00    S
 214  210  Rule    Egypt   1957    only    -       May     10      0:00    1:00    S
 215  211  Rule    Egypt   1957    1958    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 216  212  Rule    Egypt   1958    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    S
 217  213  Rule    Egypt   1959    1981    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 218  214  Rule    Egypt   1959    1965    -       Sep     30      3:00    0       -
 219  215  Rule    Egypt   1966    1994    -       Oct      1      3:00    0       -
 220  216  Rule    Egypt   1982    only    -       Jul     25      1:00    1:00    S
 221  217  Rule    Egypt   1983    only    -       Jul     12      1:00    1:00    S
 222  218  Rule    Egypt   1984    1988    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 223  219  Rule    Egypt   1989    only    -       May      6      1:00    1:00    S
  
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 224  220  Rule    Egypt   1990    1994    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 225  221  # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
 226  222  # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
 227  223  
 228  224  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
 229  225  # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
 230  226  # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
 231  227  # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
 232  228  #
 233  229  # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
 234      -# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168">
 235  230  # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
 236      -# </a>
 237  231  # or
 238      -# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html">
 239  232  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
 240      -# </a>
 241  233  Rule    Egypt   1995    2010    -       Apr     lastFri  0:00s  1:00    S
 242      -Rule    Egypt   1995    2005    -       Sep     lastThu 23:00s  0       -
      234 +Rule    Egypt   1995    2005    -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
 243  235  # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
 244  236  # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
 245  237  # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
 246  238  # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
 247  239  # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
 248      -Rule    Egypt   2006    only    -       Sep     21      23:00s  0       -
      240 +Rule    Egypt   2006    only    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
 249  241  # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
 250  242  # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
 251  243  # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
 252      -# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
      244 +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
 253  245  # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
 254  246  # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
 255  247  # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
 256  248  # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
 257      -Rule    Egypt   2007    only    -       Sep     Thu>=1  23:00s  0       -
      249 +Rule    Egypt   2007    only    -       Sep     Thu>=1  24:00   0       -
 258  250  # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
 259  251  # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
 260  252  # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
 261  253  # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
 262  254  # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
 263  255  # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
 264  256  # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
 265  257  # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 266  258  # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
 267  259  
 268  260  # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
 269  261  # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
 270  262  #
 271  263  # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
 272  264  # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
 273  265  # Apr 23
 274  266  # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
 275  267  # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
 276  268  # Apr 24
 277  269  # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
 278  270  # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
 279  271  # Aug 27
 280  272  # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
  
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 281  273  # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
 282  274  # Aug 27
 283  275  # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
 284  276  #
 285  277  # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
 286  278  # :59)
 287  279  # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
 288  280  #
 289  281  # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
 290  282  #
 291      -# [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263">
 292      -# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
 293      -# </a>
 294      -# [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53">
 295      -# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
 296      -# </a>
 297      -# [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/">
 298      -# http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
 299      -# </a>
      283 +# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
      284 +# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
      285 +# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
 300  286  
 301  287  # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
 302  288  # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
 303  289  # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
 304  290  # in September.
 305  291  
 306  292  # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
 307  293  # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
 308  294  # Information and Decision Support Center:
 309      -# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html">
 310  295  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
 311      -# </a>
 312  296  #
 313  297  # The Middle East News Agency
 314      -# <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx">
 315  298  # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
 316      -# </a>
 317  299  # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
 318  300  # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
 319  301  # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
 320  302  # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
 321  303  # (at least today).
 322  304  
 323  305  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
 324      -# According to News from Egypt -  Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
      306 +# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
 325  307  # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
 326  308  # Ramadan.
 327  309  #
 328  310  # Arabic translation:
 329      -# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again"
 330      -# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again">
      311 +# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
 331  312  # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
 332      -# </a>
 333      -# or
 334      -# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html">
 335  313  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
 336      -# </a>
 337  314  
 338      -Rule    Egypt   2008    only    -       Aug     lastThu 23:00s  0       -
 339      -Rule    Egypt   2009    only    -       Aug     20      23:00s  0       -
 340      -Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Aug     11      0:00    0       -
 341      -Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Sep     10      0:00    1:00    S
 342      -Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Sep     lastThu 23:00s  0       -
      315 +# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
      316 +# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
      317 +# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
 343  318  
      319 +# From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13):
      320 +# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
      321 +
      322 +# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
      323 +# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
      324 +# in Egypt.  The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
      325 +# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
      326 +# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
      327 +# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
      328 +# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
      329 +# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
      330 +# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
      331 +# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014."  This statement has been
      332 +# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
      333 +# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
      334 +
      335 +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
      336 +# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
      337 +# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
      338 +# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  There is
      339 +# no information about when DST will end this fall.  See:
      340 +# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
      341 +#
      342 +# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use
      343 +# 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at
      344 +# 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the
      345 +# first Friday after Ramadan.  To implement this,
      346 +# transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running
      347 +# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated
      348 +# by hand into the table below.  Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed
      349 +# DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff.
      350 +# (let ((islamic-year 1436))
      351 +#   (while (< islamic-year 1460)
      352 +#     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
      353 +#           (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
      354 +#           (friday 5))
      355 +#       (while (/= friday (mod a 7))
      356 +#         (setq a (1- a)))
      357 +#       (while (/= friday (mod b 7))
      358 +#         (setq b (1+ b)))
      359 +#       (setq a (1- a))
      360 +#       (setq b (1- b))
      361 +#       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
      362 +#       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
      363 +#       (insert
      364 +#        (format
      365 +#         (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
      366 +#                 "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n")
      367 +#         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
      368 +#         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
      369 +#     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
      370 +Rule    Egypt   2008    only    -       Aug     lastThu 24:00   0       -
      371 +Rule    Egypt   2009    only    -       Aug     20      24:00   0       -
      372 +Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Aug     10      24:00   0       -
      373 +Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Sep      9      24:00   1:00    S
      374 +Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
      375 +Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       May     15      24:00   1:00    S
      376 +Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       Jun     26      24:00   0       -
      377 +Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       Jul     31      24:00   1:00    S
      378 +Rule    Egypt   2014    max     -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
      379 +Rule    Egypt   2015    2019    -       Apr     lastFri  0:00s  1:00    S
      380 +Rule    Egypt   2015    only    -       Jun     11      24:00   0       -
      381 +Rule    Egypt   2015    only    -       Jul     23      24:00   1:00    S
      382 +Rule    Egypt   2016    only    -       Jun      2      24:00   0       -
      383 +Rule    Egypt   2016    only    -       Jul      7      24:00   1:00    S
      384 +Rule    Egypt   2017    only    -       May     25      24:00   0       -
      385 +Rule    Egypt   2017    only    -       Jun     29      24:00   1:00    S
      386 +Rule    Egypt   2018    only    -       May     10      24:00   0       -
      387 +Rule    Egypt   2018    only    -       Jun     14      24:00   1:00    S
      388 +Rule    Egypt   2019    only    -       May      2      24:00   0       -
      389 +Rule    Egypt   2019    only    -       Jun      6      24:00   1:00    S
      390 +Rule    Egypt   2020    only    -       May     28      24:00   1:00    S
      391 +Rule    Egypt   2021    only    -       May     13      24:00   1:00    S
      392 +Rule    Egypt   2022    only    -       May      5      24:00   1:00    S
      393 +Rule    Egypt   2023    max     -       Apr     lastFri  0:00s  1:00    S
      394 +
 344  395  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 345  396  Zone    Africa/Cairo    2:05:09 -       LMT     1900 Oct
 346  397                          2:00    Egypt   EE%sT
 347  398  
 348  399  # Equatorial Guinea
 349      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 350      -Zone    Africa/Malabo   0:35:08 -       LMT     1912
 351      -                        0:00    -       GMT     1963 Dec 15
 352      -                        1:00    -       WAT
      400 +# See Africa/Lagos.
 353  401  
 354  402  # Eritrea
 355  403  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 356  404  Zone    Africa/Asmara   2:35:32 -       LMT     1870
 357      -                        2:35:32 -       AMT     1890          # Asmara Mean Time
 358      -                        2:35:20 -       ADMT    1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
      405 +                        2:35:32 -       AMT     1890        # Asmara Mean Time
      406 +                        2:35:20 -       ADMT    1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
 359  407                          3:00    -       EAT
 360  408  
 361  409  # Ethiopia
 362      -# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 363      -# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
 364      -# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
 365      -# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
      410 +# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
      411 +# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
      412 +# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
      413 +# 02:00 or 14:00.  Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
      414 +#
      415 +# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
      416 +# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
      417 +# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05.  Perhaps 38E50
      418 +# was for Adis Dera.  Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
      419 +# anyway.
 366  420  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 367  421  Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 -       LMT     1870
 368      -                        2:35:20 -       ADMT    1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
      422 +                        2:35:20 -       ADMT    1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
 369  423                          3:00    -       EAT
 370  424  
 371  425  # Gabon
 372      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 373      -Zone Africa/Libreville  0:37:48 -       LMT     1912
 374      -                        1:00    -       WAT
      426 +# See Africa/Lagos.
 375  427  
 376  428  # Gambia
 377      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 378      -Zone    Africa/Banjul   -1:06:36 -      LMT     1912
 379      -                        -1:06:36 -      BMT     1935    # Banjul Mean Time
 380      -                        -1:00   -       WAT     1964
 381      -                         0:00   -       GMT
      429 +# See Africa/Abidjan.
 382  430  
 383  431  # Ghana
 384  432  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 385      -# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
 386      -# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 387      -Rule    Ghana   1936    1942    -       Sep      1      0:00    0:20    GHST
 388      -Rule    Ghana   1936    1942    -       Dec     31      0:00    0       GMT
      433 +# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
      434 +# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
      435 +# and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
      436 +# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
      437 +# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
      438 +# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
      439 +Rule    Ghana   1920    1942    -       Sep      1      0:00    0:20    GHST
      440 +Rule    Ghana   1920    1942    -       Dec     31      0:00    0       GMT
 389  441  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 390  442  Zone    Africa/Accra    -0:00:52 -      LMT     1918
 391  443                           0:00   Ghana   %s
 392  444  
 393  445  # Guinea
 394      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 395      -Zone    Africa/Conakry  -0:54:52 -      LMT     1912
 396      -                         0:00   -       GMT     1934 Feb 26
 397      -                        -1:00   -       WAT     1960
 398      -                         0:00   -       GMT
      446 +# See Africa/Abidjan.
 399  447  
 400  448  # Guinea-Bissau
      449 +#
      450 +# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
      451 +# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
      452 +# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
      453 +# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
      454 +#
 401  455  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 402      -Zone    Africa/Bissau   -1:02:20 -      LMT     1911 May 26
      456 +Zone    Africa/Bissau   -1:02:20 -      LMT     1912 Jan  1
 403  457                          -1:00   -       WAT     1975
 404  458                           0:00   -       GMT
 405  459  
 406  460  # Kenya
 407  461  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 408  462  Zone    Africa/Nairobi  2:27:16 -       LMT     1928 Jul
 409  463                          3:00    -       EAT     1930
 410  464                          2:30    -       BEAT    1940
 411  465                          2:45    -       BEAUT   1960
 412  466                          3:00    -       EAT
 413  467  
 414  468  # Lesotho
 415  469  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 416  470  Zone    Africa/Maseru   1:50:00 -       LMT     1903 Mar
 417      -                        2:00    -       SAST    1943 Sep 19 2:00
 418      -                        2:00    1:00    SAST    1944 Mar 19 2:00
      471 +                        2:00    -       SAST    1943 Sep 19  2:00
      472 +                        2:00    1:00    SAST    1944 Mar 19  2:00
 419  473                          2:00    -       SAST
 420  474  
 421  475  # Liberia
 422  476  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 423  477  # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
 424  478  # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
 425  479  # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
 426  480  # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
 427  481  # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 428  482  # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
 429  483  # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
 430  484  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 431  485  Zone    Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 -      LMT     1882
 432  486                          -0:43:08 -      MMT     1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
 433  487                          -0:44:30 -      LRT     1972 May # Liberia Time
 434  488                           0:00   -       GMT
 435  489  
 436  490  ###############################################################################
 437  491  
 438  492  # Libya
 439  493  
 440  494  # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
 441  495  # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
 442  496  # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
 443  497  # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
 444  498  #
 445  499  # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
 446  500  # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
 447  501  #
 448  502  # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
 449  503  # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
 450  504  # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
 451  505  # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
 452  506  # lastFri instead of lastSun).
 453  507  
 454  508  # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
 455  509  # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
 456  510  # cancelled yesterday....
 457  511  # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
 458  512  #
 459  513  # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
 460  514  # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2.
 461  515  
 462  516  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 463  517  Rule    Libya   1951    only    -       Oct     14      2:00    1:00    S
 464  518  Rule    Libya   1952    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    0       -
 465  519  Rule    Libya   1953    only    -       Oct      9      2:00    1:00    S
 466  520  Rule    Libya   1954    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    0       -
 467  521  Rule    Libya   1955    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    1:00    S
 468  522  Rule    Libya   1956    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    0       -
 469  523  Rule    Libya   1982    1984    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    S
 470  524  Rule    Libya   1982    1985    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 471  525  Rule    Libya   1985    only    -       Apr      6      0:00    1:00    S
 472  526  Rule    Libya   1986    only    -       Apr      4      0:00    1:00    S
 473  527  Rule    Libya   1986    only    -       Oct      3      0:00    0       -
 474  528  Rule    Libya   1987    1989    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    S
 475  529  Rule    Libya   1987    1989    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
  
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 476  530  Rule    Libya   1997    only    -       Apr      4      0:00    1:00    S
 477  531  Rule    Libya   1997    only    -       Oct      4      0:00    0       -
 478  532  Rule    Libya   2013    only    -       Mar     lastFri 1:00    1:00    S
 479  533  Rule    Libya   2013    only    -       Oct     lastFri 2:00    0       -
 480  534  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 481  535  Zone    Africa/Tripoli  0:52:44 -       LMT     1920
 482  536                          1:00    Libya   CE%sT   1959
 483  537                          2:00    -       EET     1982
 484  538                          1:00    Libya   CE%sT   1990 May  4
 485  539  # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
 486      -# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
      540 +# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
 487  541                          2:00    -       EET     1996 Sep 30
 488  542                          1:00    Libya   CE%sT   1997 Oct  4
 489      -                        2:00    -       EET     2012 Nov 10 2:00
 490      -                        1:00    Libya   CE%sT   2013 Oct 25 2:00
      543 +                        2:00    -       EET     2012 Nov 10  2:00
      544 +                        1:00    Libya   CE%sT   2013 Oct 25  2:00
 491  545                          2:00    -       EET
 492  546  
 493  547  # Madagascar
 494  548  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 495  549  Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -      LMT     1911 Jul
 496  550                          3:00    -       EAT     1954 Feb 27 23:00s
 497  551                          3:00    1:00    EAST    1954 May 29 23:00s
 498  552                          3:00    -       EAT
 499  553  
 500  554  # Malawi
 501  555  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 502  556  Zone    Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 -       LMT     1903 Mar
 503  557                          2:00    -       CAT
 504  558  
 505  559  # Mali
 506      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 507      -Zone    Africa/Bamako   -0:32:00 -      LMT     1912
 508      -                         0:00   -       GMT     1934 Feb 26
 509      -                        -1:00   -       WAT     1960 Jun 20
 510      -                         0:00   -       GMT
 511      -
 512  560  # Mauritania
 513      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 514      -Zone Africa/Nouakchott  -1:03:48 -      LMT     1912
 515      -                         0:00   -       GMT     1934 Feb 26
 516      -                        -1:00   -       WAT     1960 Nov 28
 517      -                         0:00   -       GMT
      561 +# See Africa/Abidjan.
 518  562  
 519  563  # Mauritius
 520  564  
 521  565  # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
 522  566  # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
 523  567  # basis....
 524  568  # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
 525  569  # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
 526  570  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
 527  571  
 528  572  # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
 529  573  # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
 530  574  
  
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 531  575  # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
 532  576  # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
 533  577  # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
 534  578  # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
 535  579  
 536  580  # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
 537  581  # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
 538  582  
 539  583  # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
 540  584  # According to
 541      -# <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216">
 542  585  # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
 543      -# </a>
 544  586  # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
 545  587  # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start
 546  588  # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
 547  589  # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
 548  590  #
 549  591  # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
 550  592  # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
 551  593  # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
 552  594  # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
 553  595  # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
 554  596  # changes two days later.
 555  597  
 556  598  # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
 557  599  # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
 558      -# time:  Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
      600 +# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
 559  601  # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
 560  602  #
 561  603  # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
 562      -# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
 563      -# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.
 564      -# ...
 565      -# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html">
      604 +# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
      605 +# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
 566  606  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
 567      -# </a>
 568  607  
 569  608  # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
 570  609  # The Government of Mauritius weblink
 571      -# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD">
 572  610  # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
 573      -# </a>
 574  611  # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
 575  612  #
 576  613  # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
 577  614  # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
 578  615  # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
 579  616  # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
 580  617  # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
 581  618  # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
 582  619  # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
 583      -# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
      620 +# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
 584  621  # and end on 29 March 2009.
 585  622  
 586  623  # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
 587  624  # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
 588  625  # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
 589  626  # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
 590      -# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf">
 591  627  # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
 592      -# </a>
 593  628  
 594  629  # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
 595  630  # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
 596  631  # DST the coming summer...
 597  632  #
 598  633  # Some sources, in French:
 599      -# <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB">
 600  634  # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
 601      -# </a>
 602      -# <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-">
 603  635  # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
 604      -# </a>
 605  636  #
 606  637  # Our wrap-up:
 607      -# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html">
 608  638  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
 609      -# </a>
 610  639  
 611  640  # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
 612  641  # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
 613  642  # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
 614  643  # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
 615  644  
 616  645  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 617  646  Rule Mauritius  1982    only    -       Oct     10      0:00    1:00    S
 618  647  Rule Mauritius  1983    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    0       -
 619  648  Rule Mauritius  2008    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    1:00    S
 620  649  Rule Mauritius  2009    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    0       -
 621  650  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 622      -Zone Indian/Mauritius   3:50:00 -       LMT     1907            # Port Louis
      651 +Zone Indian/Mauritius   3:50:00 -       LMT     1907 # Port Louis
 623  652                          4:00 Mauritius  MU%sT   # Mauritius Time
 624  653  # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
 625  654  # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
 626  655  
 627  656  # Mayotte
 628  657  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 629      -Zone    Indian/Mayotte  3:00:56 -       LMT     1911 Jul        # Mamoutzou
      658 +Zone    Indian/Mayotte  3:00:56 -       LMT     1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
 630  659                          3:00    -       EAT
 631  660  
 632  661  # Morocco
 633      -# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
      662 +# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
 634  663  
 635  664  # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
 636  665  # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
 637  666  # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
 638  667  #
 639  668  # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
 640  669  # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
 641      -# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
      670 +# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
 642  671  #
 643      -# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html">
 644  672  # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
 645      -# </a>
 646      -# OR
 647      -# <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html">
 648  673  # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
 649      -# </a>
 650  674  
 651  675  # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
 652      -# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:
 653      -# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view">
      676 +# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
      677 +# Presse:
 654  678  # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
 655      -# </a>
 656  679  #
 657  680  # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
 658  681  # spokesman.
 659  682  
 660  683  # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
 661  684  # According to this article:
 662      -# <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html">
 663  685  # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
 664      -# </a>
 665      -# (and republished here:
 666      -# <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html">
 667      -# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html
 668      -# </a>
 669      -# )
 670      -# the changes occurs at midnight:
      686 +# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
      687 +# the changes occur at midnight:
 671  688  #
 672      -# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be
 673      -# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday)
 674      -# sunday night the 28th  at midnight
      689 +# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
      690 +# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
      691 +# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
 675  692  #
 676      -# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
 677      -# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and
 678      -# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
 679      -# june1st to sept 27th.
      693 +# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
      694 +# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
      695 +# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
      696 +# June 1st to Sept 27th.
 680  697  #
 681  698  # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
 682  699  # published on the web.
 683  700  #
 684  701  # It's also confirmed here:
 685      -# <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm">
 686  702  # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
 687      -# </a>
 688      -# on a government portal as being  between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet
 689      -# posted in english).
      703 +# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
      704 +# posted in English).
 690  705  #
 691      -# The following google query will generate many relevant hits:
 692      -# <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search">
      706 +# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
 693  707  # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
 694      -# </a>
 695  708  
 696  709  # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
 697  710  # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
 698  711  # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
 699  712  # of September:
 700  713  #
 701  714  # One article about it (in French):
 702      -# <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default">
 703  715  # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
 704      -# </a>
 705  716  #
 706  717  # We have some further details posted here:
 707      -# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html">
 708  718  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
 709      -# </a>
 710  719  
 711  720  # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
 712  721  # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
 713  722  # to many sources, such as
 714      -# <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html">
 715  723  # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
 716      -# </a>
 717      -# <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312">
 718  724  # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
 719      -# </a>
 720  725  # (French)
 721  726  #
 722  727  # Our summary:
 723      -# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html">
 724  728  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
 725      -# </a>
 726  729  
 727  730  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
 728  731  # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
 729      -# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
      732 +# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
 730  733  #
 731  734  # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
 732  735  # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
 733  736  # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
 734  737  # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
 735  738  #
 736      -# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf">
 737  739  # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
 738      -# </a>
 739      -#
 740      -# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html">
 741  740  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
 742      -# </a>
 743  741  
 744  742  # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
 745  743  # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
 746  744  # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
 747  745  # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
 748  746  #
 749  747  # Example:
 750      -# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html">
 751  748  # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
 752      -# </a>
 753  749  # (French)
 754  750  # Our page:
 755      -# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html">
 756  751  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
 757      -# </a>
 758  752  
 759  753  # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
 760  754  # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
 761      -# The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00
 762      -# The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59,  [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00
      755 +# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
      756 +# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
 763  757  # ...Official links of change in morocco
 764  758  # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
 765  759  # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
 766  760  # +212.537.71.84.00
 767      -# <a href="http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/">
 768  761  # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
 769      -# </a>
 770  762  # They said that
 771      -# <a href="http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view">
 772  763  # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
 773      -# </a>
 774  764  # is the official publication to look at.
 775  765  # They said that the decision was already taken.
 776  766  #
 777  767  # More articles in the press
 778      -# <a href="http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev">
 779      -# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev
 780      -# </a>
 781      -# e.html
 782      -# <a href="http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923">
      768 +# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
 783  769  # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
 784      -# </a>
 785      -# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim">
 786  770  # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
 787      -# anche-prochain-5538.html
 788      -# </a>
 789  771  
 790  772  # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
 791  773  # They have it written in English here:
 792      -# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view">
 793  774  # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
 794      -# </a>
 795  775  #
 796  776  # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
 797  777  # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
 798  778  # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
 799  779  # also been like that in the past.
 800  780  
 801  781  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
 802      -# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
 803      -# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
 804      -# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
 805      -# <a href="http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9">
      782 +# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
      783 +# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
      784 +# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
 806  785  # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
 807      -# </a>
 808  786  # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
 809  787  # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
 810  788  # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
 811  789  # except the month of Ramadan.
 812  790  # or (brief)
 813      -# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html">
 814  791  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
 815      -# </a>
 816  792  
 817  793  # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
 818  794  # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
 819  795  # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
 820  796  # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
 821  797  # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
 822  798  # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
 823  799  
 824  800  # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
 825  801  # Seen Morocco change again:
 826      -# <a href="http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php">
 827  802  # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
 828      -# </a>
 829      -# "...à partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars,
 830      -# comme annoncé précédemment."
      803 +# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
      804 +# comme annoncé précédemment."
 831  805  
 832  806  # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
 833  807  # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
 834      -# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288">
 835  808  # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
 836      -# </a>
 837  809  #
 838  810  # Google translation, lightly edited:
 839  811  # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
 840  812  # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
 841  813  # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
 842  814  # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
 843  815  # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
 844  816  # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
 845  817  # Monday, August 20, 2012.  So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
 846  818  # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
 847  819  # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
 848  820  
 849  821  # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
 850  822  # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
 851  823  # announced a bit in advance.  On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
 852  824  # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
 853  825  # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
 854      -# <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>.
      826 +# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
 855  827  
 856  828  # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
 857  829  # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
 858  830  # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
 859  831  # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
 860  832  
 861  833  # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
 862  834  # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
 863  835  # before it was going to end.  There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
 864  836  # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
 865  837  # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules.  Official
 866  838  # source (French):
 867  839  # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
 868  840  # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
 869  841  # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
 870  842  
 871      -# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-03):
 872      -# To estimate what the Moroccan government will do in future years,
 873      -# transition dates for 2014 through 2038 were determined by running
 874      -# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3:
 875      -#
 876      -# (let ((islamic-year 1435))
 877      -#   (while (< islamic-year 1461)
 878      -#     (let ((a
 879      -#            (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
 880      -#             (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))))
 881      -#           (b
 882      -#            (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
 883      -#             (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))))
 884      -#       (insert
 885      -#        (format
 886      -#         (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
 887      -#                 "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
 888      -#         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
 889      -#         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
      843 +# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
      844 +# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
      845 +
      846 +# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
      847 +# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
      848 +# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time....  DST
      849 +# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
      850 +# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
      851 +
      852 +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05):
      853 +# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules,
      854 +# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
      855 +# Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after
      856 +# Ramadan.  To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were
      857 +# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
      858 +# results integrated by hand into the table below.
      859 +# (let ((islamic-year 1436))
      860 +#   (while (< islamic-year 1460)
      861 +#     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
      862 +#           (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
      863 +#           (saturday 6))
      864 +#       (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
      865 +#       (while (/= saturday (mod b 7))
      866 +#         (setq b (1+ b)))
      867 +#       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
      868 +#       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
      869 +#       (insert
      870 +#        (format
      871 +#         (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
      872 +#                 "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
      873 +#         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
      874 +#         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
 890  875  #     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
 891      -#
 892      -# with spring-forward transitions removed for 2023-2025, when the
 893      -# normal spring-forward date falls during the estimated Ramadan; with
 894      -# all transitions removed for 2026-2035, where the estimated Ramadan
 895      -# falls entirely outside daylight-saving time; and with fall-back
 896      -# transitions removed for 2036-2037, where the normal fall-back
 897      -# date falls during the estimated Ramadan.  Normally, the table would
 898      -# stop after 2037 because 32-bit time_t values roll around early in 2038,
 899      -# but that would imply a prediction of perpetual DST after March 2038
 900      -# due to the year-2037 glitches.  So, this table instead stops after
 901      -# 2038, the first non-glitchy year after the 32-bit rollover.
 902      -# An advantage of stopping after 2038 is that it lets zic guess
 903      -# TZ='WET0WEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3' for time stamps far in the future.
 904  876  
 905  877  # RULE  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 906  878  
 907  879  Rule    Morocco 1939    only    -       Sep     12       0:00   1:00    S
 908  880  Rule    Morocco 1939    only    -       Nov     19       0:00   0       -
 909  881  Rule    Morocco 1940    only    -       Feb     25       0:00   1:00    S
 910  882  Rule    Morocco 1945    only    -       Nov     18       0:00   0       -
 911  883  Rule    Morocco 1950    only    -       Jun     11       0:00   1:00    S
 912  884  Rule    Morocco 1950    only    -       Oct     29       0:00   0       -
 913  885  Rule    Morocco 1967    only    -       Jun      3      12:00   1:00    S
 914  886  Rule    Morocco 1967    only    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
  
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 915  887  Rule    Morocco 1974    only    -       Jun     24       0:00   1:00    S
 916  888  Rule    Morocco 1974    only    -       Sep      1       0:00   0       -
 917  889  Rule    Morocco 1976    1977    -       May      1       0:00   1:00    S
 918  890  Rule    Morocco 1976    only    -       Aug      1       0:00   0       -
 919  891  Rule    Morocco 1977    only    -       Sep     28       0:00   0       -
 920  892  Rule    Morocco 1978    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    S
 921  893  Rule    Morocco 1978    only    -       Aug      4       0:00   0       -
 922  894  Rule    Morocco 2008    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    S
 923  895  Rule    Morocco 2008    only    -       Sep      1       0:00   0       -
 924  896  Rule    Morocco 2009    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    S
 925      -Rule    Morocco 2009    only    -       Aug      21      0:00   0       -
      897 +Rule    Morocco 2009    only    -       Aug     21       0:00   0       -
 926  898  Rule    Morocco 2010    only    -       May      2       0:00   1:00    S
 927  899  Rule    Morocco 2010    only    -       Aug      8       0:00   0       -
 928  900  Rule    Morocco 2011    only    -       Apr      3       0:00   1:00    S
 929      -Rule    Morocco 2011    only    -       Jul      31      0      0       -
 930      -Rule    Morocco 2012    2013    -       Apr      lastSun 2:00   1:00    S
 931      -Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Sep      30      3:00   0       -
 932      -Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Jul      20      3:00   0       -
 933      -Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Aug      20      2:00   1:00    S
 934      -Rule    Morocco 2013    only    -       Jul       7      3:00   0       -
 935      -Rule    Morocco 2013    only    -       Aug      10      2:00   1:00    S
 936      -Rule    Morocco 2013    2035    -       Oct      lastSun 3:00   0       -
 937      -Rule    Morocco 2014    2022    -       Mar      lastSun 2:00   1:00    S
 938      -Rule    Morocco 2014    only    -       Jun      29      3:00   0       -
 939      -Rule    Morocco 2014    only    -       Jul      29      2:00   1:00    S
 940      -Rule    Morocco 2015    only    -       Jun      18      3:00   0       -
 941      -Rule    Morocco 2015    only    -       Jul      18      2:00   1:00    S
 942      -Rule    Morocco 2016    only    -       Jun       7      3:00   0       -
 943      -Rule    Morocco 2016    only    -       Jul       7      2:00   1:00    S
 944      -Rule    Morocco 2017    only    -       May      27      3:00   0       -
 945      -Rule    Morocco 2017    only    -       Jun      26      2:00   1:00    S
 946      -Rule    Morocco 2018    only    -       May      16      3:00   0       -
 947      -Rule    Morocco 2018    only    -       Jun      15      2:00   1:00    S
 948      -Rule    Morocco 2019    only    -       May       6      3:00   0       -
 949      -Rule    Morocco 2019    only    -       Jun       5      2:00   1:00    S
 950      -Rule    Morocco 2020    only    -       Apr      24      3:00   0       -
 951      -Rule    Morocco 2020    only    -       May      24      2:00   1:00    S
 952      -Rule    Morocco 2021    only    -       Apr      13      3:00   0       -
 953      -Rule    Morocco 2021    only    -       May      13      2:00   1:00    S
 954      -Rule    Morocco 2022    only    -       Apr       3      3:00   0       -
 955      -Rule    Morocco 2022    only    -       May       3      2:00   1:00    S
 956      -Rule    Morocco 2023    only    -       Apr      22      2:00   1:00    S
 957      -Rule    Morocco 2024    only    -       Apr      10      2:00   1:00    S
 958      -Rule    Morocco 2025    only    -       Mar      31      2:00   1:00    S
 959      -Rule    Morocco 2026    max     -       Mar      lastSun 2:00   1:00    S
 960      -Rule    Morocco 2036    only    -       Oct      21      3:00   0       -
 961      -Rule    Morocco 2037    only    -       Oct      11      3:00   0       -
 962      -Rule    Morocco 2038    only    -       Sep      30      3:00   0       -
 963      -Rule    Morocco 2038    only    -       Oct      30      2:00   1:00    S
 964      -Rule    Morocco 2038    max     -       Oct      lastSun 3:00   0       -
      901 +Rule    Morocco 2011    only    -       Jul     31       0      0       -
      902 +Rule    Morocco 2012    2013    -       Apr     lastSun  2:00   1:00    S
      903 +Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Sep     30       3:00   0       -
      904 +Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Jul     20       3:00   0       -
      905 +Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Aug     20       2:00   1:00    S
      906 +Rule    Morocco 2013    only    -       Jul      7       3:00   0       -
      907 +Rule    Morocco 2013    only    -       Aug     10       2:00   1:00    S
      908 +Rule    Morocco 2013    max     -       Oct     lastSun  3:00   0       -
      909 +Rule    Morocco 2014    2022    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00   1:00    S
      910 +Rule    Morocco 2014    only    -       Jun     28       3:00   0       -
      911 +Rule    Morocco 2014    only    -       Aug      2       2:00   1:00    S
      912 +Rule    Morocco 2015    only    -       Jun     13       3:00   0       -
      913 +Rule    Morocco 2015    only    -       Jul     18       2:00   1:00    S
      914 +Rule    Morocco 2016    only    -       Jun      4       3:00   0       -
      915 +Rule    Morocco 2016    only    -       Jul      9       2:00   1:00    S
      916 +Rule    Morocco 2017    only    -       May     20       3:00   0       -
      917 +Rule    Morocco 2017    only    -       Jul      1       2:00   1:00    S
      918 +Rule    Morocco 2018    only    -       May     12       3:00   0       -
      919 +Rule    Morocco 2018    only    -       Jun     16       2:00   1:00    S
      920 +Rule    Morocco 2019    only    -       May      4       3:00   0       -
      921 +Rule    Morocco 2019    only    -       Jun      8       2:00   1:00    S
      922 +Rule    Morocco 2020    only    -       Apr     18       3:00   0       -
      923 +Rule    Morocco 2020    only    -       May     30       2:00   1:00    S
      924 +Rule    Morocco 2021    only    -       Apr     10       3:00   0       -
      925 +Rule    Morocco 2021    only    -       May     15       2:00   1:00    S
      926 +Rule    Morocco 2022    only    -       Apr      2       3:00   0       -
      927 +Rule    Morocco 2022    only    -       May      7       2:00   1:00    S
      928 +Rule    Morocco 2023    only    -       Apr     22       2:00   1:00    S
      929 +Rule    Morocco 2024    only    -       Apr     13       2:00   1:00    S
      930 +Rule    Morocco 2025    only    -       Apr      5       2:00   1:00    S
      931 +Rule    Morocco 2026    max     -       Mar     lastSun  2:00   1:00    S
      932 +Rule    Morocco 2035    only    -       Oct     27       3:00   0       -
      933 +Rule    Morocco 2036    only    -       Oct     18       3:00   0       -
      934 +Rule    Morocco 2037    only    -       Oct     10       3:00   0       -
 965  935  
 966  936  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 967  937  Zone Africa/Casablanca  -0:30:20 -      LMT     1913 Oct 26
 968  938                           0:00   Morocco WE%sT   1984 Mar 16
 969  939                           1:00   -       CET     1986
 970  940                           0:00   Morocco WE%sT
 971  941  
 972  942  # Western Sahara
 973  943  #
 974  944  # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
 975  945  # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
 976  946  # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
 977  947  # Morocco does.
 978  948  #
 979  949  # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
 980  950  # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
 981  951  # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
 982  952  
 983      -Zone Africa/El_Aaiun    -0:52:48 -      LMT     1934 Jan
      953 +Zone Africa/El_Aaiun    -0:52:48 -      LMT     1934 Jan # El Aaiún
 984  954                          -1:00   -       WAT     1976 Apr 14
 985  955                           0:00   Morocco WE%sT
 986  956  
 987  957  # Mozambique
      958 +#
      959 +# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
      960 +# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
      961 +# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
      962 +# merely made it official?
      963 +#
 988  964  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 989  965  Zone    Africa/Maputo   2:10:20 -       LMT     1903 Mar
 990  966                          2:00    -       CAT
 991  967  
 992  968  # Namibia
 993  969  # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
 994  970  # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
 995  971  
 996      -# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
 997      -# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>:
      972 +# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
      973 +# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
 998  974  # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
 999  975  # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
1000  976  # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
1001  977  # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
1002  978  # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
1003  979  # of the country.
1004  980  #
1005  981  # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
1006  982  # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
1007  983  # we have no details.  In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
1008  984  
1009  985  # RULE  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1010  986  Rule    Namibia 1994    max     -       Sep     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    S
1011  987  Rule    Namibia 1995    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    0       -
1012  988  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1013  989  Zone    Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 -       LMT     1892 Feb 8
1014      -                        1:30    -       SWAT    1903 Mar        # SW Africa Time
1015      -                        2:00    -       SAST    1942 Sep 20 2:00
1016      -                        2:00    1:00    SAST    1943 Mar 21 2:00
      990 +                        1:30    -       SWAT    1903 Mar    # SW Africa Time
      991 +                        2:00    -       SAST    1942 Sep 20  2:00
      992 +                        2:00    1:00    SAST    1943 Mar 21  2:00
1017  993                          2:00    -       SAST    1990 Mar 21 # independence
1018  994                          2:00    -       CAT     1994 Apr  3
1019  995                          1:00    Namibia WA%sT
1020  996  
1021  997  # Niger
1022      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1023      -Zone    Africa/Niamey    0:08:28 -      LMT     1912
1024      -                        -1:00   -       WAT     1934 Feb 26
1025      -                         0:00   -       GMT     1960
1026      -                         1:00   -       WAT
      998 +# See Africa/Lagos.
1027  999  
1028 1000  # Nigeria
1029 1001  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1030 1002  Zone    Africa/Lagos    0:13:36 -       LMT     1919 Sep
1031 1003                          1:00    -       WAT
     1004 +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui      # Central African Republic
     1005 +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
     1006 +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala      # Cameroon
     1007 +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa    # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
     1008 +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville  # Gabon
     1009 +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda      # Angola
     1010 +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo      # Equatorial Guinea
     1011 +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey      # Niger
     1012 +Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo  # Benin
1032 1013  
1033      -# Reunion
     1014 +# Réunion
1034 1015  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1035      -Zone    Indian/Reunion  3:41:52 -       LMT     1911 Jun        # Saint-Denis
1036      -                        4:00    -       RET     # Reunion Time
     1016 +Zone    Indian/Reunion  3:41:52 -       LMT     1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
     1017 +                        4:00    -       RET     # Réunion Time
1037 1018  #
1038      -# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
     1019 +# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
     1020 +#
     1021 +# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
1039 1022  # The following information about them is taken from
1040      -# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
1041      -# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
     1023 +# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
     1024 +# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1042 1025  # We have no info about their time zone histories.
1043 1026  #
1044 1027  # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1045 1028  # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1046 1029  # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1047 1030  # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1048 1031  # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1049 1032  
1050 1033  # Rwanda
1051 1034  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1052 1035  Zone    Africa/Kigali   2:00:16 -       LMT     1935 Jun
1053 1036                          2:00    -       CAT
1054 1037  
1055 1038  # St Helena
1056      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1057      -Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 -      LMT     1890            # Jamestown
1058      -                        -0:22:48 -      JMT     1951    # Jamestown Mean Time
1059      -                         0:00   -       GMT
     1039 +# See Africa/Abidjan.
1060 1040  # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1061 1041  #       Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1062      -#       Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
     1042 +#       Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1063 1043  #       Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1064 1044  #               on GMT, says the CIA
1065      -#       Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
     1045 +#       Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1066 1046  
1067      -# Sao Tome and Principe
1068      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1069      -Zone    Africa/Sao_Tome  0:26:56 -      LMT     1884
1070      -                        -0:36:32 -      LMT     1912    # Lisbon Mean Time
1071      -                         0:00   -       GMT
1072      -
     1047 +# São Tomé and Príncipe
1073 1048  # Senegal
1074      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1075      -Zone    Africa/Dakar    -1:09:44 -      LMT     1912
1076      -                        -1:00   -       WAT     1941 Jun
1077      -                         0:00   -       GMT
     1049 +# See Africa/Abidjan.
1078 1050  
1079 1051  # Seychelles
1080 1052  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1081      -Zone    Indian/Mahe     3:41:48 -       LMT     1906 Jun        # Victoria
     1053 +Zone    Indian/Mahe     3:41:48 -       LMT     1906 Jun # Victoria
1082 1054                          4:00    -       SCT     # Seychelles Time
1083 1055  # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1084 1056  # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1085 1057  # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1086 1058  # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
1087 1059  # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1088 1060  # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1089 1061  
1090 1062  # Sierra Leone
1091      -# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1092      -# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1093      -Rule    SL      1935    1942    -       Jun      1      0:00    0:40    SLST
1094      -Rule    SL      1935    1942    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       WAT
1095      -Rule    SL      1957    1962    -       Jun      1      0:00    1:00    SLST
1096      -Rule    SL      1957    1962    -       Sep      1      0:00    0       GMT
1097      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1098      -Zone    Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 -      LMT     1882
1099      -                        -0:53:00 -      FMT     1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
1100      -                        -1:00   SL      %s      1957
1101      -                         0:00   SL      %s
     1063 +# See Africa/Abidjan.
1102 1064  
1103 1065  # Somalia
1104 1066  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1105 1067  Zone Africa/Mogadishu   3:01:28 -       LMT     1893 Nov
1106 1068                          3:00    -       EAT     1931
1107 1069                          2:30    -       BEAT    1957
1108 1070                          3:00    -       EAT
1109 1071  
1110 1072  # South Africa
1111 1073  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1112 1074  Rule    SA      1942    1943    -       Sep     Sun>=15 2:00    1:00    -
1113 1075  Rule    SA      1943    1944    -       Mar     Sun>=15 2:00    0       -
  
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1114 1076  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1115 1077  Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -      LMT     1892 Feb 8
1116 1078                          1:30    -       SAST    1903 Mar
1117 1079                          2:00    SA      SAST
1118 1080  # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1119 1081  # scientific station since 1947
1120 1082  # no information
1121 1083  
1122 1084  # Sudan
1123 1085  #
1124      -# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
1125      -# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
1126      -# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
     1086 +# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
     1087 +# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
     1088 +# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1127 1089  # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1128 1090  # Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1129 1091  # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1130 1092  #
1131 1093  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1132 1094  Rule    Sudan   1970    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    S
1133 1095  Rule    Sudan   1970    1985    -       Oct     15      0:00    0       -
1134 1096  Rule    Sudan   1971    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    S
1135 1097  Rule    Sudan   1972    1985    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
1136 1098  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1137 1099  Zone    Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 -       LMT     1931
1138 1100                          2:00    Sudan   CA%sT   2000 Jan 15 12:00
1139 1101                          3:00    -       EAT
1140 1102  
1141 1103  # South Sudan
1142 1104  Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1143 1105  
1144 1106  # Swaziland
1145 1107  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1146 1108  Zone    Africa/Mbabane  2:04:24 -       LMT     1903 Mar
  
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1147 1109                          2:00    -       SAST
1148 1110  
1149 1111  # Tanzania
1150 1112  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1151 1113  Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -     LMT     1931
1152 1114                          3:00    -       EAT     1948
1153 1115                          2:45    -       BEAUT   1961
1154 1116                          3:00    -       EAT
1155 1117  
1156 1118  # Togo
1157      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1158      -Zone    Africa/Lome     0:04:52 -       LMT     1893
1159      -                        0:00    -       GMT
     1119 +# See Africa/Abidjan.
1160 1120  
1161 1121  # Tunisia
1162 1122  
1163 1123  # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1164      -# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
     1124 +# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1165 1125  # this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
1166 1126  # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1167 1127  # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1168 1128  # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1169 1129  # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1170 1130  # Saturday."  (My translation)
1171 1131  #
1172 1132  # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1173      -# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1174      -# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
     1133 +# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
     1134 +# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1175 1135  # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1176 1136  # 1h standard time.
1177 1137  #
1178 1138  # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1179 1139  # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1180 1140  # Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1181 1141  # Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1182 1142  # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1183 1143  
1184 1144  # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1185 1145  # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1186 1146  # (Arabic)
1187      -# <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546">
1188 1147  # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1189      -# </a>
1190      -# <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp">
1191 1148  # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1192      -# </a>
1193 1149  #
1194 1150  # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1195 1151  # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1196      -# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html">
1197 1152  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1198      -# </a>
1199 1153  
1200 1154  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1201 1155  # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1202 1156  #
1203 1157  # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1204 1158  #
1205 1159  # (in English)
1206      -# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157">
1207 1160  # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1208      -# </a>
1209 1161  #
1210 1162  # (in Arabic)
1211      -# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1">
1212 1163  # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1213      -# </a>
1214 1164  
1215      -# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18):
1216      -# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact
1217      -# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time.
1218      -# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long."
1219      -# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the  future).
     1165 +# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
     1166 +# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
     1167 +# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
     1168 +# concerned by summer time.  Therefore, the standard time will be kept
     1169 +# unchanged the whole year long."  So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
     1170 +# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1220 1171  
1221 1172  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1222 1173  # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1223 1174  #
1224 1175  # (translation):
1225 1176  # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1226 1177  # Sunday...
1227 1178  # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1228 1179  # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1229 1180  #
1230 1181  # (in Arabic)
1231      -# <a href="http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1">
1232 1182  # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1233      -# <a href="http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036">
1234 1183  # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1235      -# or
1236      -# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html">
1237 1184  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1238 1185  
1239 1186  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1240 1187  Rule    Tunisia 1939    only    -       Apr     15      23:00s  1:00    S
1241 1188  Rule    Tunisia 1939    only    -       Nov     18      23:00s  0       -
1242 1189  Rule    Tunisia 1940    only    -       Feb     25      23:00s  1:00    S
1243 1190  Rule    Tunisia 1941    only    -       Oct      6       0:00   0       -
1244 1191  Rule    Tunisia 1942    only    -       Mar      9       0:00   1:00    S
1245 1192  Rule    Tunisia 1942    only    -       Nov      2       3:00   0       -
1246 1193  Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Mar     29       2:00   1:00    S
1247 1194  Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Apr     17       2:00   0       -
1248 1195  Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Apr     25       2:00   1:00    S
1249 1196  Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Oct      4       2:00   0       -
1250 1197  Rule    Tunisia 1944    1945    -       Apr     Mon>=1   2:00   1:00    S
1251 1198  Rule    Tunisia 1944    only    -       Oct      8       0:00   0       -
1252 1199  Rule    Tunisia 1945    only    -       Sep     16       0:00   0       -
1253 1200  Rule    Tunisia 1977    only    -       Apr     30       0:00s  1:00    S
1254 1201  Rule    Tunisia 1977    only    -       Sep     24       0:00s  0       -
1255 1202  Rule    Tunisia 1978    only    -       May      1       0:00s  1:00    S
1256 1203  Rule    Tunisia 1978    only    -       Oct      1       0:00s  0       -
1257 1204  Rule    Tunisia 1988    only    -       Jun      1       0:00s  1:00    S
1258 1205  Rule    Tunisia 1988    1990    -       Sep     lastSun  0:00s  0       -
1259 1206  Rule    Tunisia 1989    only    -       Mar     26       0:00s  1:00    S
1260 1207  Rule    Tunisia 1990    only    -       May      1       0:00s  1:00    S
  
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1261 1208  Rule    Tunisia 2005    only    -       May      1       0:00s  1:00    S
1262 1209  Rule    Tunisia 2005    only    -       Sep     30       1:00s  0       -
1263 1210  Rule    Tunisia 2006    2008    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00s  1:00    S
1264 1211  Rule    Tunisia 2006    2008    -       Oct     lastSun  2:00s  0       -
1265 1212  
1266 1213  # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1267 1214  # more precise 0:09:21.
1268 1215  # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1269 1216  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1270 1217  Zone    Africa/Tunis    0:40:44 -       LMT     1881 May 12
1271      -                        0:09:21 -       PMT     1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
     1218 +                        0:09:21 -       PMT     1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1272 1219                          1:00    Tunisia CE%sT
1273 1220  
1274 1221  # Uganda
1275 1222  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1276 1223  Zone    Africa/Kampala  2:09:40 -       LMT     1928 Jul
1277 1224                          3:00    -       EAT     1930
1278 1225                          2:30    -       BEAT    1948
1279 1226                          2:45    -       BEAUT   1957
1280 1227                          3:00    -       EAT
1281 1228  
1282 1229  # Zambia
1283 1230  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1284 1231  Zone    Africa/Lusaka   1:53:08 -       LMT     1903 Mar
1285 1232                          2:00    -       CAT
1286 1233  
1287 1234  # Zimbabwe
1288 1235  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1289 1236  Zone    Africa/Harare   2:04:12 -       LMT     1903 Mar
1290 1237                          2:00    -       CAT
    
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