1 # <pre>
2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
4
5 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
8
9 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
10 #
11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 #
15 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
18 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
19 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
20 #
21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
22 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
23 #
24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
26 # I found in the UCLA library.
27 #
28 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
29 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
30 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
31 #
32 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
33 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
34 #
35 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
36 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
37 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
38 # `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
39 # `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
40 # `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
41 # the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
42 # He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
43 #
44 # To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
45 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
46 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
47 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
48 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
49 #
50 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
51 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
52 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
53 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
54 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
55 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
56 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
57 # I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
58 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
59 # until we get more information.
60 #
61 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
62 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
63 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
64 # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
65 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
66 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
67 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
68 # 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
69
70 # Algeria
71 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
72 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
73 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
74 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
75 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
76 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
77 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
89 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
90 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
91 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
92 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
93 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
94 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
95 # more precise 0:09:21.
96 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
97 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
98 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
101 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
102 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
104 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
105 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
106 1:00 - CET
107
108 # Angola
109 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
110 Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892
111 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time
112 1:00 - WAT
113
114 # Benin
115 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
116 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
117 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
118 Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912
119 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
120 1:00 - WAT
121
122 # Botswana
123 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
124 # Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
125 # assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
126 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
127 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
128 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
129 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
130 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
131 2:00 - CAT
132
133 # Burkina Faso
134 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
135 Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912
136 0:00 - GMT
137
138 # Burundi
139 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
140 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890
141 2:00 - CAT
142
143 # Cameroon
144 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
145 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
146 Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
147 1:00 - WAT
148
149 # Cape Verde
150 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
151 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
152 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
153 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
154 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
155 -1:00 - CVT
156
157 # Central African Republic
158 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
159 Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
160 1:00 - WAT
161
162 # Chad
163 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
164 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912
165 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
166 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
167 1:00 - WAT
168
169 # Comoros
170 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
171 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
172 3:00 - EAT
173
174 # Democratic Republic of Congo
175 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
176 Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
177 1:00 - WAT
178 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
179 2:00 - CAT
180
181 # Republic of the Congo
182 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
183 Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912
184 1:00 - WAT
185
186 # Cote D'Ivoire
187 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
188 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
189 0:00 - GMT
190
191 # Djibouti
192 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
193 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
194 3:00 - EAT
195
196 ###############################################################################
197
198 # Egypt
199
200 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
201 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
202 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
203 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
204
205 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
206 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
207 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
208 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
209 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
214 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
215 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
216 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
217 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
218 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
219 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
220 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
221 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
222 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
223 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
224 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
225 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
226 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
227
228 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
229 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
230 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
231 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
232 #
233 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
234 # <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168">
235 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
236 # </a>
237 # or
238 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html">
239 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
240 # </a>
241 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
242 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
243 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
244 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
245 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
246 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
247 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
248 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 -
249 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
250 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
251 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
252 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
253 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
254 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
255 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
256 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
257 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 -
258 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
259 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
260 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
261 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
262 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
263 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
264 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
265 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
266 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
267
268 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
269 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
270 #
271 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
272 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
273 # Apr 23
274 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
275 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
276 # Apr 24
277 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
278 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
279 # Aug 27
280 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
281 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
282 # Aug 27
283 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
284 #
285 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
286 # :59)
287 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
288 #
289 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
290 #
291 # [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263">
292 # https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
293 # </a>
294 # [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53">
295 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
296 # </a>
297 # [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/">
298 # http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
299 # </a>
300
301 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
302 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
303 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
304 # in September.
305
306 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
307 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
308 # Information and Decision Support Center:
309 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html">
310 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
311 # </a>
312 #
313 # The Middle East News Agency
314 # <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx">
315 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
316 # </a>
317 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
318 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
319 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
320 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
321 # (at least today).
322
323 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
324 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
325 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
326 # Ramadan.
327 #
328 # Arabic translation:
329 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again"
330 # <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again">
331 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
332 # </a>
333 # or
334 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html">
335 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
336 # </a>
337
338 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 -
339 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 23:00s 0 -
340 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
341 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 10 0:00 1:00 S
342 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
343
344 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
345 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
346 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
347
348 # Equatorial Guinea
349 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
350 Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912
351 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15
352 1:00 - WAT
353
354 # Eritrea
355 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
356 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
357 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
358 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
359 3:00 - EAT
360
361 # Ethiopia
362 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
363 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
364 # between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
365 # We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
366 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
367 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
368 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
369 3:00 - EAT
370
371 # Gabon
372 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
373 Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912
374 1:00 - WAT
375
376 # Gambia
377 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
378 Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912
379 -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
380 -1:00 - WAT 1964
381 0:00 - GMT
382
383 # Ghana
384 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
385 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
386 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
387 Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
388 Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
389 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
390 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
391 0:00 Ghana %s
392
393 # Guinea
394 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
395 Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912
396 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
397 -1:00 - WAT 1960
398 0:00 - GMT
399
400 # Guinea-Bissau
401 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
402 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26
403 -1:00 - WAT 1975
404 0:00 - GMT
405
406 # Kenya
407 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
408 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
409 3:00 - EAT 1930
410 2:30 - BEAT 1940
411 2:45 - BEAUT 1960
412 3:00 - EAT
413
414 # Lesotho
415 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
416 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
417 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
418 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
419 2:00 - SAST
420
421 # Liberia
422 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
466 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
467 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
468 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
469 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
470 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
471 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
472 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
473 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
474 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
475 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
476 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
477 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
478 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
479 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
480 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
481 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
482 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
483 2:00 - EET 1982
484 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
485 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
486 # the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
487 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
488 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
489 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
490 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
491 2:00 - EET
492
493 # Madagascar
494 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
495 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
496 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
497 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
498 3:00 - EAT
499
500 # Malawi
501 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
502 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
503 2:00 - CAT
504
505 # Mali
506 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
507 Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
508 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
509 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20
510 0:00 - GMT
511
512 # Mauritania
513 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
514 Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912
515 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
516 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28
517 0:00 - GMT
518
519 # Mauritius
520
521 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
522 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
523 # basis....
524 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
525 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
526 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
527
528 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
529 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
530
531 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
532 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
533 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
534 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
535
536 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
537 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
538
539 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
540 # According to
541 # <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216">
542 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
543 # </a>
544 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
545 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
546 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
547 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
548 #
549 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
550 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
551 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
552 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
553 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
554 # changes two days later.
555
556 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
557 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
558 # time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
559 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
560 #
561 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
562 # de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
563 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.
564 # ...
565 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html">
566 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
567 # </a>
568
569 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
570 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
571 # <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD">
572 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
573 # </a>
574 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
575 #
576 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
577 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
578 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
579 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
580 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
581 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
582 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
583 # year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
584 # and end on 29 March 2009.
585
586 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
587 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
588 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
589 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
590 # <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf">
591 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
592 # </a>
593
594 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
595 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
596 # DST the coming summer...
597 #
598 # Some sources, in French:
599 # <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB">
600 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
601 # </a>
602 # <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-">
603 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
604 # </a>
605 #
606 # Our wrap-up:
607 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html">
608 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
609 # </a>
610
611 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
612 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
613 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
614 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
615
616 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
617 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
618 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
619 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
620 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
621 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
622 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
623 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
624 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
625 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
626
627 # Mayotte
628 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
629 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
630 3:00 - EAT
631
632 # Morocco
633 # See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
634
635 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
636 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
637 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
638 #
639 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
640 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
641 # Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
642 #
643 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html">
644 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
645 # </a>
646 # OR
647 # <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html">
648 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
649 # </a>
650
651 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
652 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:
653 # <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view">
654 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
655 # </a>
656 #
657 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
658 # spokesman.
659
660 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
661 # According to this article:
662 # <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html">
663 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
664 # </a>
665 # (and republished here:
666 # <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html">
667 # http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html
668 # </a>
669 # )
670 # the changes occurs at midnight:
671 #
672 # saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be
673 # intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday)
674 # sunday night the 28th at midnight
675 #
676 # Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
677 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and
678 # monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
679 # june1st to sept 27th.
680 #
681 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
682 # published on the web.
683 #
684 # It's also confirmed here:
685 # <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm">
686 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
687 # </a>
688 # on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet
689 # posted in english).
690 #
691 # The following google query will generate many relevant hits:
692 # <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search">
693 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
694 # </a>
695
696 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
697 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
698 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
699 # of September:
700 #
701 # One article about it (in French):
702 # <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default">
703 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
704 # </a>
705 #
706 # We have some further details posted here:
707 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html">
708 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
709 # </a>
710
711 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
712 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
713 # to many sources, such as
714 # <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html">
715 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
716 # </a>
717 # <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312">
718 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
719 # </a>
720 # (French)
721 #
722 # Our summary:
723 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html">
724 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
725 # </a>
726
727 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
728 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
729 # Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
730 #
731 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
732 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
733 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
734 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
735 #
736 # <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf">
737 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
738 # </a>
739 #
740 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html">
741 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
742 # </a>
743
744 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
745 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
746 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
747 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
748 #
749 # Example:
750 # <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html">
751 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
752 # </a>
753 # (French)
754 # Our page:
755 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html">
756 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
757 # </a>
758
759 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
760 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
761 # The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00
762 # The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00
763 # ...Official links of change in morocco
764 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
765 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
766 # +212.537.71.84.00
767 # <a href="http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/">
768 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
769 # </a>
770 # They said that
771 # <a href="http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view">
772 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
773 # </a>
774 # is the official publication to look at.
775 # They said that the decision was already taken.
776 #
777 # More articles in the press
778 # <a href="http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev">
779 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev
780 # </a>
781 # e.html
782 # <a href="http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923">
783 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
784 # </a>
785 # <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim">
786 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
787 # anche-prochain-5538.html
788 # </a>
789
790 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
791 # They have it written in English here:
792 # <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view">
793 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
794 # </a>
795 #
796 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
797 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
798 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
799 # also been like that in the past.
800
801 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
802 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
803 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
804 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
805 # <a href="http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9">
806 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
807 # </a>
808 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
809 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
810 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
811 # except the month of Ramadan.
812 # or (brief)
813 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html">
814 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
815 # </a>
816
817 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
818 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
819 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
820 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
821 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
822 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
823
824 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
825 # Seen Morocco change again:
826 # <a href="http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php">
827 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
828 # </a>
829 # "...à partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars,
830 # comme annoncé précédemment."
831
832 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
833 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
834 # <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288">
835 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
836 # </a>
837 #
838 # Google translation, lightly edited:
839 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
840 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
841 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
842 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
843 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
844 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
845 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
846 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
847 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
848
849 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
850 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
851 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
852 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
853 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
854 # <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>.
855
856 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
857 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
858 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
859 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
860
861 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
862 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
863 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
864 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
865 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
866 # source (French):
867 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
868 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
869 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
870
871 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-03):
872 # To estimate what the Moroccan government will do in future years,
873 # transition dates for 2014 through 2038 were determined by running
874 # the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3:
875 #
876 # (let ((islamic-year 1435))
877 # (while (< islamic-year 1461)
878 # (let ((a
879 # (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
880 # (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))))
881 # (b
882 # (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
883 # (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))))
884 # (insert
885 # (format
886 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
887 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
888 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
889 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
890 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
891 #
892 # with spring-forward transitions removed for 2023-2025, when the
893 # normal spring-forward date falls during the estimated Ramadan; with
894 # all transitions removed for 2026-2035, where the estimated Ramadan
895 # falls entirely outside daylight-saving time; and with fall-back
896 # transitions removed for 2036-2037, where the normal fall-back
897 # date falls during the estimated Ramadan. Normally, the table would
898 # stop after 2037 because 32-bit time_t values roll around early in 2038,
899 # but that would imply a prediction of perpetual DST after March 2038
900 # due to the year-2037 glitches. So, this table instead stops after
901 # 2038, the first non-glitchy year after the 32-bit rollover.
902 # An advantage of stopping after 2038 is that it lets zic guess
903 # TZ='WET0WEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3' for time stamps far in the future.
904
905 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
906
907 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
908 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
909 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
910 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
911 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
912 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
913 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
914 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
915 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
916 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
917 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
918 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
919 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
920 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
921 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
922 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
923 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
924 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
925 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
926 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
927 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
928 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
929 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 -
930 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
931 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
932 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
933 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
934 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
935 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
936 Rule Morocco 2013 2035 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
937 Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
938 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 29 3:00 0 -
939 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jul 29 2:00 1:00 S
940 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 18 3:00 0 -
941 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S
942 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 7 3:00 0 -
943 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 7 2:00 1:00 S
944 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 27 3:00 0 -
945 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jun 26 2:00 1:00 S
946 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 16 3:00 0 -
947 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 15 2:00 1:00 S
948 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 6 3:00 0 -
949 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 5 2:00 1:00 S
950 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 24 3:00 0 -
951 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S
952 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 13 3:00 0 -
953 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 13 2:00 1:00 S
954 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 3 3:00 0 -
955 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 3 2:00 1:00 S
956 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S
957 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 10 2:00 1:00 S
958 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
959 Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
960 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 21 3:00 0 -
961 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 11 3:00 0 -
962 Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
963 Rule Morocco 2038 only - Oct 30 2:00 1:00 S
964 Rule Morocco 2038 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
965
966 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
967 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
968 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
969 1:00 - CET 1986
970 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
971
972 # Western Sahara
973 #
974 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
975 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
976 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
977 # Morocco does.
978 #
979 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
980 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
981 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
982
983 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan
984 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
985 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
986
987 # Mozambique
988 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
989 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
990 2:00 - CAT
991
992 # Namibia
993 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
994 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
995
996 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
997 # <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>:
998 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
999 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
1000 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
1001 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
1002 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
1003 # of the country.
1004 #
1005 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
1006 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
1007 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
1008
1009 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1010 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1011 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
1012 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1013 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1014 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
1015 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
1016 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
1017 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
1018 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
1019 1:00 Namibia WA%sT
1020
1021 # Niger
1022 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1023 Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
1024 -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
1025 0:00 - GMT 1960
1026 1:00 - WAT
1027
1028 # Nigeria
1029 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1030 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
1031 1:00 - WAT
1032
1033 # Reunion
1034 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1035 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
1036 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time
1037 #
1038 # Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
1039 # The following information about them is taken from
1040 # Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
1041 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1042 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
1043 #
1044 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1045 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1046 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1047 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1048 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1049
1050 # Rwanda
1051 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1052 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
1053 2:00 - CAT
1054
1055 # St Helena
1056 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1057 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
1058 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
1059 0:00 - GMT
1060 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1061 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1062 # Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
1063 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1064 # on GMT, says the CIA
1065 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
1066
1067 # Sao Tome and Principe
1068 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1069 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
1070 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
1071 0:00 - GMT
1072
1073 # Senegal
1074 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1075 Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912
1076 -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun
1077 0:00 - GMT
1078
1079 # Seychelles
1080 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1081 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1082 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
1083 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1084 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1085 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1086 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1087 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1088 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1089
1090 # Sierra Leone
1091 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1092 # Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1093 Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST
1094 Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT
1095 Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST
1096 Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT
1097 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1098 Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882
1099 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
1100 -1:00 SL %s 1957
1101 0:00 SL %s
1102
1103 # Somalia
1104 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1105 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
1106 3:00 - EAT 1931
1107 2:30 - BEAT 1957
1108 3:00 - EAT
1109
1110 # South Africa
1111 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1112 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1113 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1114 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1115 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1116 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
1117 2:00 SA SAST
1118 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1119 # scientific station since 1947
1120 # no information
1121
1122 # Sudan
1123 #
1124 # From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
1125 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
1126 # </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1127 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1128 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1129 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1130 #
1131 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1132 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1133 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1134 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1135 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1136 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1137 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1138 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1139 3:00 - EAT
1140
1141 # South Sudan
1142 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1143
1144 # Swaziland
1145 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1146 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
1147 2:00 - SAST
1148
1149 # Tanzania
1150 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1151 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
1152 3:00 - EAT 1948
1153 2:45 - BEAUT 1961
1154 3:00 - EAT
1155
1156 # Togo
1157 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1158 Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893
1159 0:00 - GMT
1160
1161 # Tunisia
1162
1163 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1164 # My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1165 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
1166 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1167 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1168 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1169 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1170 # Saturday." (My translation)
1171 #
1172 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1173 # LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1174 # <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
1175 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1176 # 1h standard time.
1177 #
1178 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1179 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1180 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1181 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1182 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1183
1184 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1185 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1186 # (Arabic)
1187 # <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546">
1188 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1189 # </a>
1190 # <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp">
1191 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1192 # </a>
1193 #
1194 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1195 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1196 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html">
1197 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1198 # </a>
1199
1200 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1201 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1202 #
1203 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1204 #
1205 # (in English)
1206 # <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157">
1207 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1208 # </a>
1209 #
1210 # (in Arabic)
1211 # <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1">
1212 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1213 # </a>
1214
1215 # From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18):
1216 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact
1217 # that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time.
1218 # Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long."
1219 # So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1220
1221 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1222 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1223 #
1224 # (translation):
1225 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1226 # Sunday...
1227 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1228 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1229 #
1230 # (in Arabic)
1231 # <a href="http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1">
1232 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1233 # <a href="http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036">
1234 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1235 # or
1236 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html">
1237 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1238
1239 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1240 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1241 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1242 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1243 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
1244 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
1245 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1246 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
1247 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
1248 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
1249 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1250 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1251 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1252 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1253 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1254 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
1255 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1256 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
|
1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
10 #
11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 #
15 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
18 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
19 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
20 #
21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
22 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
23 #
24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
26 # I found in the UCLA library.
27 #
28 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
29 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
30 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
31 #
32 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
33 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
34 #
35 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
36 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
37 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
38 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
39 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
40 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
41 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
42 # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
43 #
44 # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
45 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
46 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
47 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
48 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
49 #
50 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
51 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
52 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
53 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
54 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
55 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
56 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
57 # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
58 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
59 # until we get more information.
60 #
61 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
62 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
63 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
64 # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
65 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
66 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
67 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
68 # 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
69
70 # Algeria
71 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
72 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
73 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
74 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
75 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
76 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
77 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
89 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
90 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
91 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
92 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
93 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
94 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
95 # more precise 0:09:21.
96 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
97 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
98 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
101 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
102 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
104 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
105 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
106 1:00 - CET
107
108 # Angola
109 # Benin
110 # See Africa/Lagos.
111
112 # Botswana
113 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
114 # Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
115 # assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
116 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
117 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
118 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
119 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
120 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
121 2:00 - CAT
122
123 # Burkina Faso
124 # See Africa/Abidjan.
125
126 # Burundi
127 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
128 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890
129 2:00 - CAT
130
131 # Cameroon
132 # See Africa/Lagos.
133
134 # Cape Verde
135 #
136 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
137 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
138 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
139 # merely made it official?
140 #
141 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
142 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
143 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
144 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
145 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
146 -1:00 - CVT
147
148 # Central African Republic
149 # See Africa/Lagos.
150
151 # Chad
152 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
153 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
154 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
155 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
156 1:00 - WAT
157
158 # Comoros
159 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
160 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
161 3:00 - EAT
162
163 # Democratic Republic of the Congo
164 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
165 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
166 2:00 - CAT
167 # The above is for the eastern part; see Africa/Lagos for the western part.
168
169 # Republic of the Congo
170 # See Africa/Lagos.
171
172 # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
173 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
174 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
175 0:00 - GMT
176 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
177 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
178 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
179 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
180 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
181 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
182 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
183 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
184 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe
185 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
186
187 # Djibouti
188 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
189 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
190 3:00 - EAT
191
192 ###############################################################################
193
194 # Egypt
195
196 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
197 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
198 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
199 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
200
201 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
202 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
203 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
204 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
205 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
210 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
211 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
212 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
213 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
214 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
215 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
216 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
217 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
218 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
219 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
220 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
221 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
222 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
223
224 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
225 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
226 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
227 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
228 #
229 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
230 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
231 # or
232 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
233 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
234 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
235 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
236 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
237 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
238 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
239 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
240 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
241 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
242 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
243 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
244 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
245 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
246 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
247 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
248 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
249 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
250 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
251 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
252 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
253 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
254 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
255 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
256 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
257 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
258 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
259
260 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
261 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
262 #
263 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
264 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
265 # Apr 23
266 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
267 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
268 # Apr 24
269 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
270 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
271 # Aug 27
272 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
273 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
274 # Aug 27
275 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
276 #
277 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
278 # :59)
279 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
280 #
281 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
282 #
283 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
284 # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
285 # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
286
287 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
288 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
289 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
290 # in September.
291
292 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
293 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
294 # Information and Decision Support Center:
295 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
296 #
297 # The Middle East News Agency
298 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
299 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
300 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
301 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
302 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
303 # (at least today).
304
305 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
306 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
307 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
308 # Ramadan.
309 #
310 # Arabic translation:
311 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
312 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
313 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
314
315 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
316 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
317 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
318
319 # From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13):
320 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
321
322 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
323 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
324 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
325 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
326 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
327 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
328 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
329 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
330 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
331 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
332 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
333 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
334
335 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
336 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
337 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
338 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
339 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
340 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
341 #
342 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use
343 # 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at
344 # 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the
345 # first Friday after Ramadan. To implement this,
346 # transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running
347 # the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated
348 # by hand into the table below. Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed
349 # DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff.
350 # (let ((islamic-year 1436))
351 # (while (< islamic-year 1460)
352 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
353 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
354 # (friday 5))
355 # (while (/= friday (mod a 7))
356 # (setq a (1- a)))
357 # (while (/= friday (mod b 7))
358 # (setq b (1+ b)))
359 # (setq a (1- a))
360 # (setq b (1- b))
361 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
362 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
363 # (insert
364 # (format
365 # (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
366 # "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n")
367 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
368 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
369 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
370 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
371 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
372 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
373 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
374 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
375 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
376 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
377 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
378 Rule Egypt 2014 max - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
379 Rule Egypt 2015 2019 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
380 Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jun 11 24:00 0 -
381 Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jul 23 24:00 1:00 S
382 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jun 2 24:00 0 -
383 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S
384 Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 -
385 Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S
386 Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 -
387 Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S
388 Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 -
389 Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S
390 Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S
391 Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S
392 Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S
393 Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
394
395 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
396 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
397 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
398
399 # Equatorial Guinea
400 # See Africa/Lagos.
401
402 # Eritrea
403 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
405 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
406 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
407 3:00 - EAT
408
409 # Ethiopia
410 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
411 # Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
412 # 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
413 # 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
414 #
415 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
416 # zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
417 # 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50
418 # was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
419 # anyway.
420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
421 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
422 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
423 3:00 - EAT
424
425 # Gabon
426 # See Africa/Lagos.
427
428 # Gambia
429 # See Africa/Abidjan.
430
431 # Ghana
432 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
433 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
434 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
435 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
436 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
437 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
438 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
439 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
440 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
441 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
442 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
443 0:00 Ghana %s
444
445 # Guinea
446 # See Africa/Abidjan.
447
448 # Guinea-Bissau
449 #
450 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
451 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
452 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
453 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
454 #
455 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
456 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
457 -1:00 - WAT 1975
458 0:00 - GMT
459
460 # Kenya
461 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
462 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
463 3:00 - EAT 1930
464 2:30 - BEAT 1940
465 2:45 - BEAUT 1960
466 3:00 - EAT
467
468 # Lesotho
469 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
470 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
471 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
472 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
473 2:00 - SAST
474
475 # Liberia
476 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
520 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
521 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
522 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
523 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
524 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
525 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
526 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
527 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
528 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
529 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
530 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
531 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
532 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
533 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
534 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
535 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
536 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
537 2:00 - EET 1982
538 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
539 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
540 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
541 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
542 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
543 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
544 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
545 2:00 - EET
546
547 # Madagascar
548 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
549 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
550 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
551 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
552 3:00 - EAT
553
554 # Malawi
555 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
556 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
557 2:00 - CAT
558
559 # Mali
560 # Mauritania
561 # See Africa/Abidjan.
562
563 # Mauritius
564
565 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
566 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
567 # basis....
568 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
569 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
570 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
571
572 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
573 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
574
575 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
576 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
577 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
578 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
579
580 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
581 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
582
583 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
584 # According to
585 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
586 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
587 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
588 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
589 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
590 #
591 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
592 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
593 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
594 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
595 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
596 # changes two days later.
597
598 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
599 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
600 # time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
601 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
602 #
603 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
604 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
605 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
606 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
607
608 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
609 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
610 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
611 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
612 #
613 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
614 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
615 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
616 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
617 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
618 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
619 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
620 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
621 # and end on 29 March 2009.
622
623 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
624 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
625 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
626 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
627 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
628
629 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
630 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
631 # DST the coming summer...
632 #
633 # Some sources, in French:
634 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
635 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
636 #
637 # Our wrap-up:
638 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
639
640 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
641 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
642 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
643 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
644
645 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
646 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
647 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
648 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
649 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
650 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
651 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
652 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
653 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
654 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
655
656 # Mayotte
657 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
658 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
659 3:00 - EAT
660
661 # Morocco
662 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
663
664 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
665 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
666 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
667 #
668 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
669 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
670 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
671 #
672 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
673 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
674
675 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
676 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
677 # Presse:
678 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
679 #
680 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
681 # spokesman.
682
683 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
684 # According to this article:
685 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
686 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
687 # the changes occur at midnight:
688 #
689 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
690 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
691 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight
692 #
693 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
694 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
695 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
696 # June 1st to Sept 27th.
697 #
698 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
699 # published on the web.
700 #
701 # It's also confirmed here:
702 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
703 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
704 # posted in English).
705 #
706 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
707 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
708
709 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
710 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
711 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
712 # of September:
713 #
714 # One article about it (in French):
715 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
716 #
717 # We have some further details posted here:
718 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
719
720 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
721 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
722 # to many sources, such as
723 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
724 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
725 # (French)
726 #
727 # Our summary:
728 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
729
730 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
731 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
732 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
733 #
734 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
735 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
736 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
737 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
738 #
739 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
740 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
741
742 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
743 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
744 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
745 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
746 #
747 # Example:
748 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
749 # (French)
750 # Our page:
751 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
752
753 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
754 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
755 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
756 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
757 # ...Official links of change in morocco
758 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
759 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
760 # +212.537.71.84.00
761 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
762 # They said that
763 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
764 # is the official publication to look at.
765 # They said that the decision was already taken.
766 #
767 # More articles in the press
768 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
769 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
770 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
771
772 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
773 # They have it written in English here:
774 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
775 #
776 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
777 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
778 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
779 # also been like that in the past.
780
781 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
782 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
783 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
784 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
785 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
786 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
787 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
788 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
789 # except the month of Ramadan.
790 # or (brief)
791 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
792
793 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
794 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
795 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
796 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
797 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
798 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
799
800 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
801 # Seen Morocco change again:
802 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
803 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
804 # comme annoncé précédemment."
805
806 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
807 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
808 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
809 #
810 # Google translation, lightly edited:
811 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
812 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
813 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
814 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
815 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
816 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
817 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
818 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
819 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
820
821 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
822 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
823 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
824 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
825 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
826 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
827
828 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
829 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
830 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
831 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
832
833 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
834 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
835 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
836 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
837 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
838 # source (French):
839 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
840 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
841 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
842
843 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
844 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
845
846 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
847 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
848 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
849 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
850 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
851
852 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05):
853 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules,
854 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
855 # Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after
856 # Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were
857 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
858 # results integrated by hand into the table below.
859 # (let ((islamic-year 1436))
860 # (while (< islamic-year 1460)
861 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
862 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
863 # (saturday 6))
864 # (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
865 # (while (/= saturday (mod b 7))
866 # (setq b (1+ b)))
867 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
868 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
869 # (insert
870 # (format
871 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
872 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
873 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
874 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
875 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
876
877 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
878
879 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
880 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
881 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
882 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
883 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
884 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
885 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
886 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
887 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
888 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
889 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
890 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
891 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
892 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
893 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
894 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
895 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
896 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
897 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
898 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
899 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
900 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
901 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 -
902 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
903 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
904 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
905 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
906 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
907 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
908 Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
909 Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
910 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 -
911 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S
912 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 13 3:00 0 -
913 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S
914 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 4 3:00 0 -
915 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 9 2:00 1:00 S
916 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 20 3:00 0 -
917 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
918 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 12 3:00 0 -
919 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 16 2:00 1:00 S
920 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 4 3:00 0 -
921 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S
922 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 18 3:00 0 -
923 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 30 2:00 1:00 S
924 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
925 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 S
926 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 2 3:00 0 -
927 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 7 2:00 1:00 S
928 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S
929 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S
930 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S
931 Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
932 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 27 3:00 0 -
933 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 18 3:00 0 -
934 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 10 3:00 0 -
935
936 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
937 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
938 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
939 1:00 - CET 1986
940 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
941
942 # Western Sahara
943 #
944 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
945 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
946 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
947 # Morocco does.
948 #
949 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
950 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
951 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
952
953 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
954 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
955 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
956
957 # Mozambique
958 #
959 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
960 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
961 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
962 # merely made it official?
963 #
964 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
965 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
966 2:00 - CAT
967
968 # Namibia
969 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
970 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
971
972 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
973 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
974 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
975 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
976 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
977 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
978 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
979 # of the country.
980 #
981 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
982 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
983 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
984
985 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
986 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
987 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
988 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
989 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
990 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
991 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
992 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
993 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
994 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
995 1:00 Namibia WA%sT
996
997 # Niger
998 # See Africa/Lagos.
999
1000 # Nigeria
1001 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1002 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
1003 1:00 - WAT
1004 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
1005 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
1006 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
1007 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
1008 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
1009 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
1010 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
1011 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
1012 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
1013
1014 # Réunion
1015 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1016 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
1017 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time
1018 #
1019 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
1020 #
1021 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
1022 # The following information about them is taken from
1023 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
1024 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1025 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
1026 #
1027 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1028 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1029 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1030 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1031 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1032
1033 # Rwanda
1034 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1035 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
1036 2:00 - CAT
1037
1038 # St Helena
1039 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1040 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1041 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1042 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1043 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1044 # on GMT, says the CIA
1045 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1046
1047 # São Tomé and Príncipe
1048 # Senegal
1049 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1050
1051 # Seychelles
1052 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1053 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1054 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
1055 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1056 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1057 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1058 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1059 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1060 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1061
1062 # Sierra Leone
1063 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1064
1065 # Somalia
1066 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1067 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
1068 3:00 - EAT 1931
1069 2:30 - BEAT 1957
1070 3:00 - EAT
1071
1072 # South Africa
1073 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1074 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1075 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1076 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1077 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1078 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
1079 2:00 SA SAST
1080 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1081 # scientific station since 1947
1082 # no information
1083
1084 # Sudan
1085 #
1086 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1087 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1088 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1089 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1090 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1091 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1092 #
1093 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1094 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1095 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1096 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1097 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1098 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1099 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1100 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1101 3:00 - EAT
1102
1103 # South Sudan
1104 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1105
1106 # Swaziland
1107 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1108 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
1109 2:00 - SAST
1110
1111 # Tanzania
1112 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1113 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
1114 3:00 - EAT 1948
1115 2:45 - BEAUT 1961
1116 3:00 - EAT
1117
1118 # Togo
1119 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1120
1121 # Tunisia
1122
1123 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1124 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1125 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
1126 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1127 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1128 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1129 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1130 # Saturday." (My translation)
1131 #
1132 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1133 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1134 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1135 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1136 # 1h standard time.
1137 #
1138 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1139 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1140 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1141 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1142 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1143
1144 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1145 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1146 # (Arabic)
1147 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1148 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1149 #
1150 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1151 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1152 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1153
1154 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1155 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1156 #
1157 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1158 #
1159 # (in English)
1160 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1161 #
1162 # (in Arabic)
1163 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1164
1165 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1166 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1167 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1168 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1169 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1170 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1171
1172 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1173 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1174 #
1175 # (translation):
1176 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1177 # Sunday...
1178 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1179 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1180 #
1181 # (in Arabic)
1182 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1183 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1184 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1185
1186 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1187 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1188 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1189 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1190 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
1191 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
1192 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1193 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
1194 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
1195 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
1196 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1197 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1198 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1199 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1200 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1201 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
1202 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1203 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
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