1 # <pre> 2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 8 9 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 10 # 11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14 # 15 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 20 # 21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23 # 24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26 # I found in the UCLA library. 27 # 28 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 29 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 30 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 31 # 32 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 33 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 34 # 35 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 36 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 37 # but Mark R V Murray reports that 38 # `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 39 # `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 40 # `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 41 # the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''. 42 # He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference. 43 # 44 # To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 45 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 46 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 47 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 48 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 49 # 50 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 51 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 52 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 53 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 54 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 55 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 56 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 57 # I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 58 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 59 # until we get more information. 60 # 61 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 62 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 63 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 64 # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 65 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 66 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 67 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 68 # 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 69 70 # Algeria 71 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 72 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 73 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 74 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 75 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 76 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 77 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 78 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 79 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 80 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 81 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 82 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 83 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 84 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 85 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 86 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 87 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 88 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 89 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 90 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 91 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 92 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 93 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 94 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 95 # more precise 0:09:21. 96 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 98 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 101 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 102 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 104 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 105 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 106 1:00 - CET 107 108 # Angola 109 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 110 Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 111 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 112 1:00 - WAT 113 114 # Benin 115 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 116 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 117 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 118 Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 119 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 120 1:00 - WAT 121 122 # Botswana 123 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 124 # Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; 125 # assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. 126 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 127 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 128 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 129 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 130 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 131 2:00 - CAT 132 133 # Burkina Faso 134 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 135 Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 136 0:00 - GMT 137 138 # Burundi 139 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 140 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 141 2:00 - CAT 142 143 # Cameroon 144 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 145 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 146 Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 147 1:00 - WAT 148 149 # Cape Verde 150 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 152 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 153 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 154 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 155 -1:00 - CVT 156 157 # Central African Republic 158 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 159 Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 160 1:00 - WAT 161 162 # Chad 163 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 164 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 165 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 166 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 167 1:00 - WAT 168 169 # Comoros 170 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 171 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 172 3:00 - EAT 173 174 # Democratic Republic of Congo 175 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 176 Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 177 1:00 - WAT 178 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 179 2:00 - CAT 180 181 # Republic of the Congo 182 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 183 Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 184 1:00 - WAT 185 186 # Cote D'Ivoire 187 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 188 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 189 0:00 - GMT 190 191 # Djibouti 192 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 193 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 194 3:00 - EAT 195 196 ############################################################################### 197 198 # Egypt 199 200 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 201 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 202 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 203 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 204 205 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 206 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 207 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 208 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 209 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 210 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 211 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 212 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 213 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 214 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 215 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 216 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 217 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 218 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 219 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 220 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 221 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 222 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 223 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 224 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 225 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 226 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 227 228 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 229 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 230 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 231 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 232 # 233 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 234 # <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168"> 235 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 236 # </a> 237 # or 238 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html"> 239 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 240 # </a> 241 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 242 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 243 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 244 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 245 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 246 # after observing the daylight saving time since May. 247 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 248 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 - 249 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 250 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 251 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 252 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 253 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 254 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 255 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 256 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 257 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 - 258 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 259 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 260 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 261 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 262 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 263 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 264 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 265 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 266 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 267 268 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 269 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 270 # 271 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 272 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 273 # Apr 23 274 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 275 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 276 # Apr 24 277 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 278 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 279 # Aug 27 280 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 281 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 282 # Aug 27 283 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 284 # 285 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 286 # :59) 287 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 288 # 289 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 290 # 291 # [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263"> 292 # https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 293 # </a> 294 # [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53"> 295 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 296 # </a> 297 # [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/"> 298 # http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 299 # </a> 300 301 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 302 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 303 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 304 # in September. 305 306 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 307 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 308 # Information and Decision Support Center: 309 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html"> 310 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 311 # </a> 312 # 313 # The Middle East News Agency 314 # <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx"> 315 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 316 # </a> 317 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 318 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 319 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 320 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 321 # (at least today). 322 323 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 324 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 325 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 326 # Ramadan. 327 # 328 # Arabic translation: 329 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again" 330 # <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again"> 331 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 332 # </a> 333 # or 334 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html"> 335 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 336 # </a> 337 338 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 - 339 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 23:00s 0 - 340 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 341 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 10 0:00 1:00 S 342 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 343 344 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 345 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 346 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 347 348 # Equatorial Guinea 349 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 350 Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 351 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 352 1:00 - WAT 353 354 # Eritrea 355 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 356 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 357 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 358 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 359 3:00 - EAT 360 361 # Ethiopia 362 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 363 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones 364 # between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890. 365 # We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera. 366 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 367 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 368 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 369 3:00 - EAT 370 371 # Gabon 372 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 373 Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 374 1:00 - WAT 375 376 # Gambia 377 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 378 Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 379 -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time 380 -1:00 - WAT 1964 381 0:00 - GMT 382 383 # Ghana 384 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 385 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; 386 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 387 Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 388 Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 389 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 390 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 391 0:00 Ghana %s 392 393 # Guinea 394 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 395 Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 396 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 397 -1:00 - WAT 1960 398 0:00 - GMT 399 400 # Guinea-Bissau 401 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 402 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 403 -1:00 - WAT 1975 404 0:00 - GMT 405 406 # Kenya 407 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 408 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 409 3:00 - EAT 1930 410 2:30 - BEAT 1940 411 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 412 3:00 - EAT 413 414 # Lesotho 415 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 416 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 417 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 418 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 419 2:00 - SAST 420 421 # Liberia 422 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 423 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 424 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 425 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 426 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 427 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 428 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 429 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 430 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 431 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 432 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 433 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 434 0:00 - GMT 435 436 ############################################################################### 437 438 # Libya 439 440 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 441 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 442 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 443 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 444 # 445 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 446 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 447 # 448 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 449 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 450 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 451 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 452 # lastFri instead of lastSun). 453 454 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 455 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 456 # cancelled yesterday.... 457 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 458 # 459 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 460 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2. 461 462 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 463 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 464 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 465 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 466 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 467 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 468 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 469 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 470 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 471 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 472 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 473 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 474 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 475 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 476 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 477 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 478 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 479 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 480 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 481 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 482 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 483 2:00 - EET 1982 484 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 485 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 486 # the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors. 487 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 488 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 489 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 490 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 491 2:00 - EET 492 493 # Madagascar 494 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 495 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 496 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 497 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 498 3:00 - EAT 499 500 # Malawi 501 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 502 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 503 2:00 - CAT 504 505 # Mali 506 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 507 Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 508 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 509 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20 510 0:00 - GMT 511 512 # Mauritania 513 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 514 Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 515 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 516 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28 517 0:00 - GMT 518 519 # Mauritius 520 521 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 522 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 523 # basis.... 524 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 525 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 526 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 527 528 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 529 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 530 531 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 532 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 533 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 534 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 535 536 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 537 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 538 539 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 540 # According to 541 # <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216"> 542 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 543 # </a> 544 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 545 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 546 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 547 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 548 # 549 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 550 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 551 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 552 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 553 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 554 # changes two days later. 555 556 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 557 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 558 # time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 559 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 560 # 561 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 562 # de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 563 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one. 564 # ... 565 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html"> 566 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 567 # </a> 568 569 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 570 # The Government of Mauritius weblink 571 # <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD"> 572 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 573 # </a> 574 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 575 # 576 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 577 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 578 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 579 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 580 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 581 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 582 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 583 # year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 584 # and end on 29 March 2009. 585 586 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 587 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 588 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 589 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 590 # <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf"> 591 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 592 # </a> 593 594 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 595 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 596 # DST the coming summer... 597 # 598 # Some sources, in French: 599 # <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB"> 600 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 601 # </a> 602 # <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-"> 603 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 604 # </a> 605 # 606 # Our wrap-up: 607 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html"> 608 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 609 # </a> 610 611 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 612 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 613 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 614 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 615 616 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 617 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 618 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 619 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 620 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 621 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 622 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 623 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 624 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez 625 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 626 627 # Mayotte 628 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 629 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 630 3:00 - EAT 631 632 # Morocco 633 # See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 634 635 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 636 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 637 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 638 # 639 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 640 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 641 # Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 642 # 643 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html"> 644 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 645 # </a> 646 # OR 647 # <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html"> 648 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 649 # </a> 650 651 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 652 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse: 653 # <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view"> 654 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 655 # </a> 656 # 657 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 658 # spokesman. 659 660 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 661 # According to this article: 662 # <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html"> 663 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 664 # </a> 665 # (and republished here: 666 # <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html"> 667 # http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html 668 # </a> 669 # ) 670 # the changes occurs at midnight: 671 # 672 # saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be 673 # intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday) 674 # sunday night the 28th at midnight 675 # 676 # Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 677 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and 678 # monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 679 # june1st to sept 27th. 680 # 681 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 682 # published on the web. 683 # 684 # It's also confirmed here: 685 # <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm"> 686 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 687 # </a> 688 # on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet 689 # posted in english). 690 # 691 # The following google query will generate many relevant hits: 692 # <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search"> 693 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 694 # </a> 695 696 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 697 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 698 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 699 # of September: 700 # 701 # One article about it (in French): 702 # <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default"> 703 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 704 # </a> 705 # 706 # We have some further details posted here: 707 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html"> 708 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 709 # </a> 710 711 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 712 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 713 # to many sources, such as 714 # <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html"> 715 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 716 # </a> 717 # <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312"> 718 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 719 # </a> 720 # (French) 721 # 722 # Our summary: 723 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html"> 724 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 725 # </a> 726 727 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 728 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 729 # Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 730 # 731 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 732 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 733 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 734 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 735 # 736 # <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf"> 737 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 738 # </a> 739 # 740 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html"> 741 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 742 # </a> 743 744 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 745 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 746 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 747 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 748 # 749 # Example: 750 # <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html"> 751 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 752 # </a> 753 # (French) 754 # Our page: 755 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html"> 756 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 757 # </a> 758 759 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 760 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 761 # The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00 762 # The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00 763 # ...Official links of change in morocco 764 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 765 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 766 # +212.537.71.84.00 767 # <a href="http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/"> 768 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 769 # </a> 770 # They said that 771 # <a href="http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view"> 772 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 773 # </a> 774 # is the official publication to look at. 775 # They said that the decision was already taken. 776 # 777 # More articles in the press 778 # <a href="http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev"> 779 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev 780 # </a> 781 # e.html 782 # <a href="http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923"> 783 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 784 # </a> 785 # <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim"> 786 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 787 # anche-prochain-5538.html 788 # </a> 789 790 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 791 # They have it written in English here: 792 # <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view"> 793 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 794 # </a> 795 # 796 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 797 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 798 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 799 # also been like that in the past. 800 801 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 802 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 803 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 804 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 805 # <a href="http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9"> 806 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 807 # </a> 808 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 809 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 810 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 811 # except the month of Ramadan. 812 # or (brief) 813 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html"> 814 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 815 # </a> 816 817 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 818 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 819 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 820 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 821 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 822 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 823 824 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 825 # Seen Morocco change again: 826 # <a href="http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php"> 827 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 828 # </a> 829 # "...à partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars, 830 # comme annoncé précédemment." 831 832 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 833 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 834 # <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288"> 835 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 836 # </a> 837 # 838 # Google translation, lightly edited: 839 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 840 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 841 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 842 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 843 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 844 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 845 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 846 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 847 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 848 849 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 850 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 851 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 852 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 853 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 854 # <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>. 855 856 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 857 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 858 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 859 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 860 861 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 862 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 863 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 864 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 865 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 866 # source (French): 867 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 868 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 869 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 870 871 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-03): 872 # To estimate what the Moroccan government will do in future years, 873 # transition dates for 2014 through 2038 were determined by running 874 # the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3: 875 # 876 # (let ((islamic-year 1435)) 877 # (while (< islamic-year 1461) 878 # (let ((a 879 # (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute 880 # (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))) 881 # (b 882 # (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute 883 # (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))))) 884 # (insert 885 # (format 886 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 887 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 888 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 889 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 890 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 891 # 892 # with spring-forward transitions removed for 2023-2025, when the 893 # normal spring-forward date falls during the estimated Ramadan; with 894 # all transitions removed for 2026-2035, where the estimated Ramadan 895 # falls entirely outside daylight-saving time; and with fall-back 896 # transitions removed for 2036-2037, where the normal fall-back 897 # date falls during the estimated Ramadan. Normally, the table would 898 # stop after 2037 because 32-bit time_t values roll around early in 2038, 899 # but that would imply a prediction of perpetual DST after March 2038 900 # due to the year-2037 glitches. So, this table instead stops after 901 # 2038, the first non-glitchy year after the 32-bit rollover. 902 # An advantage of stopping after 2038 is that it lets zic guess 903 # TZ='WET0WEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3' for time stamps far in the future. 904 905 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 906 907 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 908 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 909 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 910 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 911 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 912 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 913 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 914 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 915 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 916 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 917 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 918 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 919 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 920 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 921 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 922 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 923 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 924 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 925 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 926 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 927 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 928 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 929 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - 930 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 931 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 932 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 933 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 934 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 935 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 936 Rule Morocco 2013 2035 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 937 Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 938 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 29 3:00 0 - 939 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jul 29 2:00 1:00 S 940 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 18 3:00 0 - 941 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S 942 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 7 3:00 0 - 943 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 7 2:00 1:00 S 944 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 27 3:00 0 - 945 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jun 26 2:00 1:00 S 946 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 16 3:00 0 - 947 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 15 2:00 1:00 S 948 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 6 3:00 0 - 949 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 5 2:00 1:00 S 950 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 24 3:00 0 - 951 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S 952 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 13 3:00 0 - 953 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 13 2:00 1:00 S 954 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 3 3:00 0 - 955 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 3 2:00 1:00 S 956 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S 957 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 10 2:00 1:00 S 958 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 959 Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 960 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 21 3:00 0 - 961 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 11 3:00 0 - 962 Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 963 Rule Morocco 2038 only - Oct 30 2:00 1:00 S 964 Rule Morocco 2038 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 965 966 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 967 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 968 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 969 1:00 - CET 1986 970 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 971 972 # Western Sahara 973 # 974 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 975 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 976 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 977 # Morocco does. 978 # 979 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 980 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 981 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 982 983 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan 984 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 985 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 986 987 # Mozambique 988 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 989 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 990 2:00 - CAT 991 992 # Namibia 993 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 994 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 995 996 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in 997 # <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>: 998 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 999 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1000 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1001 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1002 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1003 # of the country. 1004 # 1005 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 1006 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 1007 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1008 1009 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1010 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1011 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 1012 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1013 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1014 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 1015 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1016 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1017 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1018 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 1019 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 1020 1021 # Niger 1022 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1023 Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 1024 -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 1025 0:00 - GMT 1960 1026 1:00 - WAT 1027 1028 # Nigeria 1029 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1030 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1031 1:00 - WAT 1032 1033 # Reunion 1034 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1035 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1036 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time 1037 # 1038 # Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows. 1039 # The following information about them is taken from 1040 # Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French; 1041 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1042 # We have no info about their time zone histories. 1043 # 1044 # Bassas da India - uninhabited 1045 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1046 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1047 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1048 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1049 1050 # Rwanda 1051 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1052 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1053 2:00 - CAT 1054 1055 # St Helena 1056 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1057 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 1058 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 1059 0:00 - GMT 1060 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1061 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1062 # Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA 1063 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1064 # on GMT, says the CIA 1065 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT 1066 1067 # Sao Tome and Principe 1068 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1069 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1070 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time 1071 0:00 - GMT 1072 1073 # Senegal 1074 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1075 Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 1076 -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun 1077 0:00 - GMT 1078 1079 # Seychelles 1080 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1081 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1082 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 1083 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1084 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1085 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1086 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1087 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1088 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1089 1090 # Sierra Leone 1091 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1092 # Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1093 Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST 1094 Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT 1095 Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST 1096 Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT 1097 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1098 Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 1099 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time 1100 -1:00 SL %s 1957 1101 0:00 SL %s 1102 1103 # Somalia 1104 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1105 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1106 3:00 - EAT 1931 1107 2:30 - BEAT 1957 1108 3:00 - EAT 1109 1110 # South Africa 1111 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1112 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1113 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1114 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1115 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1116 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1117 2:00 SA SAST 1118 # Marion and Prince Edward Is 1119 # scientific station since 1947 1120 # no information 1121 1122 # Sudan 1123 # 1124 # From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html"> 1125 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13) 1126 # </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1127 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1128 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1129 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1130 # 1131 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1132 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1133 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1134 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1135 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1136 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1137 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1138 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1139 3:00 - EAT 1140 1141 # South Sudan 1142 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1143 1144 # Swaziland 1145 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1146 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 1147 2:00 - SAST 1148 1149 # Tanzania 1150 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1151 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1152 3:00 - EAT 1948 1153 2:45 - BEAUT 1961 1154 3:00 - EAT 1155 1156 # Togo 1157 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1158 Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 1159 0:00 - GMT 1160 1161 # Tunisia 1162 1163 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1164 # My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1165 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1166 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1167 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1168 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1169 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1170 # Saturday." (My translation) 1171 # 1172 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1173 # LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1174 # <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html> 1175 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1176 # 1h standard time. 1177 # 1178 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1179 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1180 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1181 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1182 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1183 1184 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1185 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1186 # (Arabic) 1187 # <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546"> 1188 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1189 # </a> 1190 # <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp"> 1191 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1192 # </a> 1193 # 1194 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1195 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1196 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html"> 1197 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1198 # </a> 1199 1200 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1201 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1202 # 1203 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1204 # 1205 # (in English) 1206 # <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157"> 1207 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1208 # </a> 1209 # 1210 # (in Arabic) 1211 # <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1"> 1212 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1213 # </a> 1214 1215 # From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18): 1216 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact 1217 # that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time. 1218 # Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long." 1219 # So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1220 1221 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1222 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1223 # 1224 # (translation): 1225 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1226 # Sunday... 1227 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1228 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1229 # 1230 # (in Arabic) 1231 # <a href="http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1"> 1232 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1233 # <a href="http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036"> 1234 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1235 # or 1236 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html"> 1237 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1238 1239 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1240 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1241 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1242 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1243 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1244 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1245 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1246 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1247 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1248 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1249 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1250 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1251 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1252 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1253 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1254 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1255 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1256 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1257 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1258 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1259 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1260 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1261 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1262 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1263 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1264 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1265 1266 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1267 # more precise 0:09:21. 1268 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1269 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1270 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1271 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1272 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1273 1274 # Uganda 1275 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1276 Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1277 3:00 - EAT 1930 1278 2:30 - BEAT 1948 1279 2:45 - BEAUT 1957 1280 3:00 - EAT 1281 1282 # Zambia 1283 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1284 Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1285 2:00 - CAT 1286 1287 # Zimbabwe 1288 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1289 Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1290 2:00 - CAT