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          --- old/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/southamerica
          +++ new/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/southamerica
   1    1  # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
   2    2  # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
   3    3  
   4    4  # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
   5    5  # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
   6    6  # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
   7    7  # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
   8    8  
   9      -# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
        9 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-05):
  10   10  #
  11   11  # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
  12   12  # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
  13   13  # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
  14   14  # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
  15   15  #
  16      -# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
  17      -# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
       16 +# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
       17 +# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
  18   18  # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
  19   19  # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
  20   20  # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
  21   21  # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
  22   22  #
  23   23  # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
  24   24  # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
  25   25  # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
  26   26  #
  27      -# Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
  28      -# ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
  29      -# suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
  30      -#       I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
  31      -#       _daylight-saving time_.  _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
  32      -#       in Europe and South America.
  33      -#       -- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
  34      -#       H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
  35      -#
  36      -# Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
  37      -# for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
  38      -# "summer time".  Reinaldo Goulart, a São Paulo businessman active in
  39      -# the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
  40      -#       The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
  41      -#       Brazil.  Let's say that "the Brasília time" is considered the
  42      -#       "official time" because Brasília is the capital city.
  43      -#       The other three time zones are called "Brasília time "minus one" or
  44      -#       "plus one" or "plus two".  As far as I know there is no such
  45      -#       name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
  46      -# So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
  47      -# Corrections are welcome!
  48      -#               std     dst
  49      -#       -2:00   FNT     FNST    Fernando de Noronha
  50      -#       -3:00   BRT     BRST    Brasília
  51      -#       -4:00   AMT     AMST    Amazon
  52      -#       -5:00   ACT     ACST    Acre
       27 +# These tables use numeric abbreviations like -03 and -0330 for
       28 +# integer hour and minute UTC offsets.  Although earlier editions used
       29 +# alphabetic time zone abbreviations, these abbreviations were
       30 +# invented and did not reflect common practice.
  53   31  
  54   32  ###############################################################################
  55   33  
  56   34  ###############################################################################
  57   35  
  58   36  # Argentina
  59   37  
  60   38  # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
  61   39  # Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
  62   40  # Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974.  Switches at midnight.
  63   41  
  64   42  # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-19):
  65   43  # ARGENTINA           3 H BEHIND   UTC
  66   44  
  67   45  # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
  68   46  # I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table...
  69   47  # AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.
  70   48  
  71   49  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
  72   50  Rule    Arg     1930    only    -       Dec      1      0:00    1:00    S
  73   51  Rule    Arg     1931    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
  74   52  Rule    Arg     1931    only    -       Oct     15      0:00    1:00    S
  75   53  Rule    Arg     1932    1940    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
  76   54  Rule    Arg     1932    1939    -       Nov      1      0:00    1:00    S
  77   55  Rule    Arg     1940    only    -       Jul      1      0:00    1:00    S
  78   56  Rule    Arg     1941    only    -       Jun     15      0:00    0       -
  79   57  Rule    Arg     1941    only    -       Oct     15      0:00    1:00    S
  80   58  Rule    Arg     1943    only    -       Aug      1      0:00    0       -
  81   59  Rule    Arg     1943    only    -       Oct     15      0:00    1:00    S
  82   60  Rule    Arg     1946    only    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
  83   61  Rule    Arg     1946    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    1:00    S
  84   62  Rule    Arg     1963    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
  85   63  Rule    Arg     1963    only    -       Dec     15      0:00    1:00    S
  86   64  Rule    Arg     1964    1966    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
  87   65  Rule    Arg     1964    1966    -       Oct     15      0:00    1:00    S
  88   66  Rule    Arg     1967    only    -       Apr      2      0:00    0       -
  89   67  Rule    Arg     1967    1968    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    S
  90   68  Rule    Arg     1968    1969    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00    0       -
  91   69  Rule    Arg     1974    only    -       Jan     23      0:00    1:00    S
  92   70  Rule    Arg     1974    only    -       May      1      0:00    0       -
  93   71  Rule    Arg     1988    only    -       Dec      1      0:00    1:00    S
  94   72  #
  95   73  # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
  96   74  # These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
  97   75  # obtaining the data from the:
  98   76  # Talleres de Hidrografía Naval Argentina
  99   77  # (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
 100   78  Rule    Arg     1989    1993    -       Mar     Sun>=1  0:00    0       -
 101   79  Rule    Arg     1989    1992    -       Oct     Sun>=15 0:00    1:00    S
 102   80  #
 103   81  # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
 104   82  # From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving
 105   83  # time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
 106   84  # to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
 107   85  #
 108   86  # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
 109   87  # On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time,
 110   88  # which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours
 111   89  # from the International Date Line.
 112   90  Rule    Arg     1999    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    S
 113   91  # From Paul Eggert (2007-12-28):
 114   92  # DST was set to expire on March 5, not March 3, but since it was converted
 115   93  # to standard time on March 3 it's more convenient for us to pretend that
 116   94  # it ended on March 3.
 117   95  Rule    Arg     2000    only    -       Mar     3       0:00    0       -
 118   96  #
 119   97  # From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
 120   98  # We just checked with our São Paulo office and they say the government of
 121   99  # Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
 122  100  # So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
 123  101  #
 124  102  # From Fabián L. Arce Jofré (2000-04-04):
 125  103  # The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
 126  104  # de la Rúa on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
 127  105  # in the winter time, rather than less.  The change took effect on March 3.
 128  106  #
 129  107  # From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
 130  108  # one of the major newspapers here in Argentina said that the 1999
 131  109  # Timezone Law (which never was effectively applied) will (would?) be
 132  110  # in effect.... The article is at
 133  111  # http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-06/e-01701.htm
 134  112  # ... The Law itself is "Ley No. 25155", sanctioned on 1999-08-25, enacted
 135  113  # 1999-09-17, and published 1999-09-21.  The official publication is at:
 136  114  # http://www.boletin.jus.gov.ar/BON/Primera/1999/09-Septiembre/21/PDF/BO21-09-99LEG.PDF
 137  115  # Regretfully, you have to subscribe (and pay) for the on-line version....
 138  116  #
 139  117  # (2001-06-12):
 140  118  # the timezone for Argentina will not change next Sunday.
 141  119  # Apparently it will do so on Sunday 24th....
 142  120  # http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-12/s-03501.htm
 143  121  #
 144  122  # (2001-06-25):
 145  123  # Last Friday (yes, the last working day before the date of the change), the
 146  124  # Senate annulled the 1999 law that introduced the changes later postponed.
 147  125  # http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/2001-06-22/s-03601.htm
 148  126  # It remains the vote of the Deputies..., but it will be the same....
 149  127  # This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina.
 150  128  # We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country.
 151  129  #
 152  130  # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-12-21):
 153  131  # A user (Leonardo Chaim) reported that Argentina will adopt DST....
 154  132  # all of the country (all Zone-entries) are affected.  News reports like
 155  133  # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/opinion/nota.asp?nota_id=973037 indicate
 156  134  # that Argentina will use DST next year as well, from October to
 157  135  # March, although exact rules are not given.
 158  136  #
 159  137  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
 160  138  # The last hurdle of Argentina DST is over, the proposal was approved in
 161  139  # the lower chamber too (Diputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
 162  140  # By the way thanks to Mariano Absatz and Daniel Mario Vega for the link to
 163  141  # the original scanned proposal, where the dates and the zero hours are
 164  142  # clear and unambiguous...This is the article about final approval:
 165  143  # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nota.asp?nota_id=973996
 166  144  #
 167  145  # From Paul Eggert (2007-12-22):
 168  146  # For dates after mid-2008, the following rules are my guesses and
 169  147  # are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all.
 170  148  
 171  149  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-09-05):
 172  150  # As per message from Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz (Nicaragua),
 173  151  # Argentina will start DST on Sunday October 19, 2008.
 174  152  #
 175  153  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina03.html
 176  154  # http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=57832 (in spanish)
 177  155  
 178  156  # From Juan Manuel Docile in https://bugs.gentoo.org/240339 (2008-10-07)
 179  157  # via Rodrigo Severo:
 180  158  # Argentinian law No. 25.155 is no longer valid.
 181  159  # http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/60000-64999/60036/norma.htm
 182  160  # The new one is law No. 26.350
 183  161  # http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/135000-139999/136191/norma.htm
 184  162  # So there is no summer time in Argentina for now.
 185  163  
 186  164  # From Mariano Absatz (2008-10-20):
 187  165  # Decree 1693/2008 applies Law 26.350 for the summer 2008/2009 establishing DST
 188  166  # in Argentina from 2008-10-19 until 2009-03-15.
 189  167  # http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=16102008&pi=3&pf=4&s=0&sec=01
 190  168  #
 191  169  
 192  170  # Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer
 193  171  # 2008/2009: Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La
 194  172  # Pampa, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego
 195  173  # http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=17102008&pi=1&pf=1&s=0&sec=01
 196  174  #
 197  175  # Press release 235 dated Saturday October 18th, from the Government of the
 198  176  # Province of Jujuy saying it will not apply DST either (even when it was not
 199  177  # included in Decree 1705/2008).
 200  178  # http://www.jujuy.gov.ar/index2/partes_prensa/18_10_08/235-181008.doc
 201  179  
 202  180  # From fullinet (2009-10-18):
 203  181  # As announced in
 204  182  # http://www.argentina.gob.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=356
 205  183  # (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora"
 206  184  # (English: "No hour change").
 207  185  #
 208  186  # "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvió no modificar la hora
 209  187  # oficial, decisión que estaba en estudio para su implementación el
 210  188  # domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificación se anunció
 211  189  # que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorológicas, no necesita
 212  190  # la modificación del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
 213  191  # crecimiento en la producción y distribución energética."
 214  192  
 215  193  Rule    Arg     2007    only    -       Dec     30      0:00    1:00    S
 216  194  Rule    Arg     2008    2009    -       Mar     Sun>=15 0:00    0       -
 217  195  Rule    Arg     2008    only    -       Oct     Sun>=15 0:00    1:00    S
 218  196  
 219  197  # From Mariano Absatz (2004-05-21):
 220  198  # Today it was officially published that the Province of Mendoza is changing
 221  199  # its timezone this winter... starting tomorrow night....
 222  200  # http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040521-27158-normas.pdf
 223  201  # From Paul Eggert (2004-05-24):
 224  202  # It's Law No. 7,210.  This change is due to a public power emergency, so for
 225  203  # now we'll assume it's for this year only.
 226  204  #
 227  205  # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-09):
 228  206  # Hora de verano para la República Argentina
 229  207  # http://buenasiembra.com.ar/esoterismo/astrologia/hora-de-verano-de-la-republica-argentina-27.html
 230  208  # says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
 231  209  # to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25.  Go with this more-precise value
 232  210  # over Shanks & Pottenger.
 233  211  #
 234  212  # From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-05):
 235  213  # These media articles from a major newspaper mostly cover the current state:
 236  214  # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/27/de_604825.asp
 237  215  # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/28/de_605203.asp
 238  216  #
 239  217  # The following eight (8) provinces pulled clocks back to UTC-04:00 at
 240  218  # midnight Monday May 31st. (that is, the night between 05/31 and 06/01).
 241  219  # Apparently, all nine provinces would go back to UTC-03:00 at the same
 242  220  # time in October 17th.
 243  221  #
 244  222  # Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz,
 245  223  # Tierra del Fuego, Tucumán.
 246  224  #
 247  225  # From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14):
 248  226  # ... this weekend, the Province of Tucumán decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
 249  227  # yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's
 250  228  # annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained....
 251  229  #
 252  230  # From Gwillim Law (2004-06-14):
 253  231  # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/06/10/de_609078.asp ...
 254  232  #     "The time change in Tierra del Fuego was a conflicted decision from
 255  233  #   the start.  The government had decreed that the measure would take
 256  234  #   effect on June 1, but a normative error forced the new time to begin
 257  235  #   three days earlier, from a Saturday to a Sunday....
 258  236  # Our understanding was that the change was originally scheduled to take place
 259  237  # on June 1 at 00:00 in Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego (and some other
 260  238  # provinces).  Sunday was May 30, only two days earlier.  So the article
 261  239  # contains a contradiction.  I would give more credence to the Saturday/Sunday
 262  240  # date than the "three days earlier" phrase, and conclude that Tierra del
 263  241  # Fuego set its clocks back at 2004-05-30 00:00.
 264  242  #
 265  243  # From Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-05):
 266  244  # The previous law 7210 which changed the province of Mendoza's time zone
 267  245  # back in May have been modified slightly in a new law 7277, which set the
 268  246  # new end date to 2004-09-26 (original date was 2004-10-17).
 269  247  # http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040924-27244-normas.pdf
 270  248  #
 271  249  # From Mariano Absatz (2004-10-05):
 272  250  # San Juan changed from UTC-03:00 to UTC-04:00 at midnight between
 273  251  # Sunday, May 30th and Monday, May 31st.  It changed back to UTC-03:00
 274  252  # at midnight between Saturday, July 24th and Sunday, July 25th....
 275  253  # http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000329.html
 276  254  # http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000426.html
 277  255  # http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000441.html
 278  256  
 279  257  # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-01-17):
 280  258  # Here are articles that Argentina Province San Luis is planning to end DST
 281  259  # as earlier as upcoming Monday January 21, 2008 or February 2008:
 282  260  #
 283  261  # Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del país
 284  262  # (Argentine Province delayed clock and mark difference with the rest of the
 285  263  # country)
 286  264  # http://cl.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200801171849_EFE_ET4373&idtel
 287  265  #
 288  266  # Es inminente que en San Luis atrasen una hora los relojes
 289  267  # (It is imminent in San Luis clocks one hour delay)
 290  268  # http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/nota/253414/Economia/Es-inminente-que-en-San-Luis-atrasen-una-hora-los-relojes.html
 291  269  # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_argentina02.html
 292  270  
 293  271  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
 294  272  # The page of the San Luis provincial government
 295  273  # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=0&id=22812
 296  274  # confirms what Alex Krivenyshev has earlier sent to the tz
 297  275  # emailing list about that San Luis plans to return to standard
 298  276  # time much earlier than the rest of the country. It also
 299  277  # confirms that upon request the provinces San Juan and Mendoza
 300  278  # refused to follow San Luis in this change.
 301  279  #
 302  280  # The change is supposed to take place Monday the 21st at 0:00
 303  281  # hours. As far as I understand it if this goes ahead, we need
 304  282  # a new timezone for San Luis (although there are also documented
 305  283  # independent changes in the southamerica file of San Luis in
 306  284  # 1990 and 1991 which has not been confirmed).
 307  285  
 308  286  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
 309  287  # Unfortunately the below page has become defunct, about the San Luis
 310  288  # time change. Perhaps because it now is part of a group of pages "Most
 311  289  # important pages of 2008."
 312  290  #
 313  291  # You can use
 314  292  # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=8141&id=22834
 315  293  # instead it seems. Or use "Buscador" from the main page of the San Luis
 316  294  # government, and fill in "huso" and click OK, and you will get 3 pages
 317  295  # from which the first one is identical to the above.
 318  296  
 319  297  # From Mariano Absatz (2008-01-28):
 320  298  # I can confirm that the Province of San Luis (and so far only that
 321  299  # province) decided to go back to UTC-3 effective midnight Jan 20th 2008
 322  300  # (that is, Monday 21st at 0:00 is the time the clocks were delayed back
 323  301  # 1 hour), and they intend to keep UTC-3 as their timezone all year round
 324  302  # (that is, unless they change their mind any minute now).
 325  303  #
 326  304  # So we'll have to add yet another city to 'southamerica' (I think San
 327  305  # Luis city is the mos populated city in the Province, so it'd be
 328  306  # America/Argentina/San_Luis... of course I can't remember if San Luis's
 329  307  # history of particular changes goes along with Mendoza or San Juan :-(
 330  308  # (I only remember not being able to collect hard facts about San Luis
 331  309  # back in 2004, when these provinces changed to UTC-4 for a few days, I
 332  310  # mailed them personally and never got an answer).
 333  311  
 334  312  # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
 335  313  # Unless otherwise specified, data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger through
 336  314  # 1992, from the IATA otherwise.  As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that
 337  315  # America/Cordoba split into 6 subregions during 1991/1992, one of which
 338  316  # was America/San_Luis, but we haven't verified this yet so for now we'll
 339  317  # keep America/Cordoba a single region rather than splitting it into the
 340  318  # other 5 subregions.
 341  319  
 342  320  # From Mariano Absatz (2009-03-13):
 343  321  # Yesterday (with our usual 2-day notice) the Province of San Luis
 344  322  # decided that next Sunday instead of "staying" @utc-03:00 they will go
 345  323  # to utc-04:00 until the second Saturday in October...
 346  324  #
 347  325  # The press release is at
 348  326  # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/SL/Paginas/NoticiaDetalle.asp?TemaId=1&InfoPrensaId=3102
 349  327  # (I couldn't find the decree, but www.sanluis.gov.ar
 350  328  # is the official page for the Province Government.)
 351  329  #
 352  330  # There's also a note in only one of the major national papers ...
 353  331  # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1107912
 354  332  #
 355  333  # The press release says [quick and dirty translation]:
 356  334  # ... announced that next Sunday, at 00:00, Puntanos (the San Luis
 357  335  # inhabitants) will have to turn back one hour their clocks
 358  336  #
 359  337  # Since then, San Luis will establish its own Province timezone. Thus,
 360  338  # during 2009, this timezone change will run from 00:00 the third Sunday
 361  339  # in March until 24:00 of the second Saturday in October.
 362  340  
 363  341  # From Mariano Absatz (2009-10-16):
 364  342  # ...the Province of San Luis is a case in itself.
 365  343  #
 366  344  # The Law at
 367  345  # http://www.diputadossanluis.gov.ar/diputadosasp/paginas/verNorma.asp?NormaID=276
 368  346  # is ambiguous because establishes a calendar from the 2nd Sunday in
 369  347  # October at 0:00 thru the 2nd Saturday in March at 24:00 and the
 370  348  # complement of that starting on the 2nd Sunday of March at 0:00 and
 371  349  # ending on the 2nd Saturday of March at 24:00.
 372  350  #
 373  351  # This clearly breaks every time the 1st of March or October is a Sunday.
 374  352  #
 375  353  # IMHO, the "spirit of the Law" is to make the changes at 0:00 on the 2nd
 376  354  # Sunday of October and March.
  
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 377  355  #
 378  356  # The problem is that the changes in the rest of the Provinces that did
 379  357  # change in 2007/2008, were made according to the Federal Law and Decrees
 380  358  # that did so on the 3rd Sunday of October and March.
 381  359  #
 382  360  # In fact, San Luis actually switched from UTC-4 to UTC-3 last Sunday
 383  361  # (October 11th) at 0:00.
 384  362  #
 385  363  # So I guess a new set of rules, besides "Arg", must be made and the last
 386  364  # America/Argentina/San_Luis entries should change to use these...
 387      -#
 388      -# I'm enclosing a patch that does what I say... regretfully, the San Luis
 389      -# timezone must be called "WART/WARST" even when most of the time (like,
 390      -# right now) WARST == ART... that is, since last Sunday, all the country
 391      -# is using UTC-3, but in my patch, San Luis calls it "WARST" and the rest
 392      -# of the country calls it "ART".
 393  365  # ...
 394  366  
 395  367  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-09):
 396  368  # According to news reports from El Diario de la República Province San
 397  369  # Luis, Argentina (standard time UTC-04) will keep Daylight Saving Time
 398  370  # after April 11, 2010 - will continue to have same time as rest of
 399  371  # Argentina (UTC-3) (no DST).
 400  372  #
 401  373  # Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
 402  374  # http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9
 403  375  # or (some English translation):
 404  376  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina08.html
 405  377  
 406  378  # From Mariano Absatz (2010-04-12):
 407  379  # yes...I can confirm this...and given that San Luis keeps calling
 408  380  # UTC-03:00 "summer time", we should't just let San Luis go back to "Arg"
 409  381  # rules...San Luis is still using "Western ARgentina Time" and it got
 410  382  # stuck on Summer daylight savings time even though the summer is over.
 411  383  
 412  384  # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-05):
 413  385  # Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at -04
 414  386  # with perpetual summer time, but ordinary usage typically seems to
 415  387  # just say it's at -03; see, for example,
 416  388  # http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_oficial_argentina
 417  389  # We've documented similar situations as being plain changes to
 418  390  # standard time, so let's do that here too.  This does not change UTC
 419  391  # offsets, only tm_isdst and the time zone abbreviations.  One minor
 420  392  # plus is that this silences a zic complaint that there's no POSIX TZ
  
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 421  393  # setting for time stamps past 2038.
 422  394  
 423  395  # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 424  396  # Milne says Córdoba time was -4:16:48.2.  Round to the nearest second.
 425  397  
 426  398  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 427  399  #
 428  400  # Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
 429  401  Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT      1894 Oct 31
 430  402                          -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
 431      -                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 432      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 433      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 434      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 435      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT
      403 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1930 Dec
      404 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 1969 Oct  5
      405 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1999 Oct  3
      406 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 2000 Mar  3
      407 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02
 436  408  #
 437  409  # Córdoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
 438  410  # Chaco (CC), Formosa (FM), Santiago del Estero (SE)
 439  411  #
 440  412  # Shanks & Pottenger also make the following claims, which we haven't verified:
 441  413  # - Formosa switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-07.
 442  414  # - Misiones switched to -3:00 on 1990-12-29.
 443  415  # - Chaco switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-04.
 444  416  # - Santiago del Estero switched to -4:00 on 1991-04-01,
 445  417  #   then to -3:00 on 1991-04-26.
 446  418  #
 447  419  Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT   1894 Oct 31
 448  420                          -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
 449      -                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 450      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 451      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1991 Mar  3
 452      -                        -4:00   -       WART    1991 Oct 20
 453      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 454      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 455      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT
      421 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1930 Dec
      422 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 1969 Oct  5
      423 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1991 Mar  3
      424 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1991 Oct 20
      425 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1999 Oct  3
      426 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 2000 Mar  3
      427 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02
 456  428  #
 457  429  # Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
 458  430  Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT     1894 Oct 31
 459  431                          -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
 460      -                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 461      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 462      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1991 Mar  3
 463      -                        -4:00   -       WART    1991 Oct 20
 464      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 465      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 466      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   2008 Oct 18
 467      -                        -3:00   -       ART
      432 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1930 Dec
      433 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 1969 Oct  5
      434 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1991 Mar  3
      435 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1991 Oct 20
      436 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1999 Oct  3
      437 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 2000 Mar  3
      438 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 2008 Oct 18
      439 +                        -3:00   -       -03
 468  440  #
 469  441  # Tucumán (TM)
 470  442  Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT   1894 Oct 31
 471  443                          -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
 472      -                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 473      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 474      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1991 Mar  3
 475      -                        -4:00   -       WART    1991 Oct 20
 476      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 477      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 478      -                        -3:00   -       ART     2004 Jun  1
 479      -                        -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jun 13
 480      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT
      444 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1930 Dec
      445 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 1969 Oct  5
      446 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1991 Mar  3
      447 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1991 Oct 20
      448 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1999 Oct  3
      449 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 2000 Mar  3
      450 +                        -3:00   -       -03     2004 Jun  1
      451 +                        -4:00   -       -04     2004 Jun 13
      452 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02
 481  453  #
 482  454  # La Rioja (LR)
 483  455  Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT  1894 Oct 31
 484  456                          -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
 485      -                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 486      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 487      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1991 Mar  1
 488      -                        -4:00   -       WART    1991 May  7
 489      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 490      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 491      -                        -3:00   -       ART     2004 Jun  1
 492      -                        -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jun 20
 493      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   2008 Oct 18
 494      -                        -3:00   -       ART
      457 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1930 Dec
      458 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 1969 Oct  5
      459 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1991 Mar  1
      460 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1991 May  7
      461 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1999 Oct  3
      462 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 2000 Mar  3
      463 +                        -3:00   -       -03     2004 Jun  1
      464 +                        -4:00   -       -04     2004 Jun 20
      465 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 2008 Oct 18
      466 +                        -3:00   -       -03
 495  467  #
 496  468  # San Juan (SJ)
 497  469  Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT  1894 Oct 31
 498  470                          -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
 499      -                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 500      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 501      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1991 Mar  1
 502      -                        -4:00   -       WART    1991 May  7
 503      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 504      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 505      -                        -3:00   -       ART     2004 May 31
 506      -                        -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jul 25
 507      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   2008 Oct 18
 508      -                        -3:00   -       ART
      471 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1930 Dec
      472 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 1969 Oct  5
      473 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1991 Mar  1
      474 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1991 May  7
      475 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1999 Oct  3
      476 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 2000 Mar  3
      477 +                        -3:00   -       -03     2004 May 31
      478 +                        -4:00   -       -04     2004 Jul 25
      479 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 2008 Oct 18
      480 +                        -3:00   -       -03
 509  481  #
 510  482  # Jujuy (JY)
 511  483  Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT     1894 Oct 31
 512  484                          -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
 513      -                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 514      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 515      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1990 Mar  4
 516      -                        -4:00   -       WART    1990 Oct 28
 517      -                        -4:00   1:00    WARST   1991 Mar 17
 518      -                        -4:00   -       WART    1991 Oct  6
 519      -                        -3:00   1:00    ARST    1992
 520      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 521      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 522      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   2008 Oct 18
 523      -                        -3:00   -       ART
      485 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1930 Dec
      486 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 1969 Oct  5
      487 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1990 Mar  4
      488 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1990 Oct 28
      489 +                        -4:00   1:00    -03     1991 Mar 17
      490 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1991 Oct  6
      491 +                        -3:00   1:00    -02     1992
      492 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1999 Oct  3
      493 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 2000 Mar  3
      494 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 2008 Oct 18
      495 +                        -3:00   -       -03
 524  496  #
 525  497  # Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
 526  498  Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
 527  499                          -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
 528      -                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 529      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 530      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1991 Mar  3
 531      -                        -4:00   -       WART    1991 Oct 20
 532      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 533      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 534      -                        -3:00   -       ART     2004 Jun  1
 535      -                        -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jun 20
 536      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   2008 Oct 18
 537      -                        -3:00   -       ART
      500 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1930 Dec
      501 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 1969 Oct  5
      502 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1991 Mar  3
      503 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1991 Oct 20
      504 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1999 Oct  3
      505 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 2000 Mar  3
      506 +                        -3:00   -       -03     2004 Jun  1
      507 +                        -4:00   -       -04     2004 Jun 20
      508 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 2008 Oct 18
      509 +                        -3:00   -       -03
 538  510  #
 539  511  # Mendoza (MZ)
 540  512  Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT   1894 Oct 31
 541  513                          -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
 542      -                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 543      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 544      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1990 Mar  4
 545      -                        -4:00   -       WART    1990 Oct 15
 546      -                        -4:00   1:00    WARST   1991 Mar  1
 547      -                        -4:00   -       WART    1991 Oct 15
 548      -                        -4:00   1:00    WARST   1992 Mar  1
 549      -                        -4:00   -       WART    1992 Oct 18
 550      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 551      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 552      -                        -3:00   -       ART     2004 May 23
 553      -                        -4:00   -       WART    2004 Sep 26
 554      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   2008 Oct 18
 555      -                        -3:00   -       ART
      514 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1930 Dec
      515 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 1969 Oct  5
      516 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1990 Mar  4
      517 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1990 Oct 15
      518 +                        -4:00   1:00    -03     1991 Mar  1
      519 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1991 Oct 15
      520 +                        -4:00   1:00    -03     1992 Mar  1
      521 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1992 Oct 18
      522 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1999 Oct  3
      523 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 2000 Mar  3
      524 +                        -3:00   -       -03     2004 May 23
      525 +                        -4:00   -       -04     2004 Sep 26
      526 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 2008 Oct 18
      527 +                        -3:00   -       -03
 556  528  #
 557  529  # San Luis (SL)
 558  530  
 559  531  Rule    SanLuis 2008    2009    -       Mar     Sun>=8  0:00    0       -
 560  532  Rule    SanLuis 2007    2008    -       Oct     Sun>=8  0:00    1:00    S
 561  533  
 562  534  Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT  1894 Oct 31
 563  535                          -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
 564      -                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 565      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 566      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1990
 567      -                        -3:00   1:00    ARST    1990 Mar 14
 568      -                        -4:00   -       WART    1990 Oct 15
 569      -                        -4:00   1:00    WARST   1991 Mar  1
 570      -                        -4:00   -       WART    1991 Jun  1
 571      -                        -3:00   -       ART     1999 Oct  3
 572      -                        -4:00   1:00    WARST   2000 Mar  3
 573      -                        -3:00   -       ART     2004 May 31
 574      -                        -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jul 25
 575      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   2008 Jan 21
 576      -                        -4:00   SanLuis WAR%sT  2009 Oct 11
 577      -                        -3:00   -       ART
      536 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1930 Dec
      537 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 1969 Oct  5
      538 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1990
      539 +                        -3:00   1:00    -02     1990 Mar 14
      540 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1990 Oct 15
      541 +                        -4:00   1:00    -03     1991 Mar  1
      542 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1991 Jun  1
      543 +                        -3:00   -       -03     1999 Oct  3
      544 +                        -4:00   1:00    -03     2000 Mar  3
      545 +                        -3:00   -       -03     2004 May 31
      546 +                        -4:00   -       -04     2004 Jul 25
      547 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 2008 Jan 21
      548 +                        -4:00   SanLuis -04/-03 2009 Oct 11
      549 +                        -3:00   -       -03
 578  550  #
 579  551  # Santa Cruz (SC)
 580  552  Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT      1894 Oct 31
 581      -                        -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
 582      -                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 583      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 584      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 585      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 586      -                        -3:00   -       ART     2004 Jun  1
 587      -                        -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jun 20
 588      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   2008 Oct 18
 589      -                        -3:00   -       ART
      553 +                        -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
      554 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1930 Dec
      555 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 1969 Oct  5
      556 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1999 Oct  3
      557 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 2000 Mar  3
      558 +                        -3:00   -       -03     2004 Jun  1
      559 +                        -4:00   -       -04     2004 Jun 20
      560 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 2008 Oct 18
      561 +                        -3:00   -       -03
 590  562  #
 591  563  # Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF)
 592  564  Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT   1894 Oct 31
 593      -                        -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
 594      -                        -4:00   -       ART     1930 Dec
 595      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
 596      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1999 Oct  3
 597      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   2000 Mar  3
 598      -                        -3:00   -       ART     2004 May 30
 599      -                        -4:00   -       WART    2004 Jun 20
 600      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   2008 Oct 18
 601      -                        -3:00   -       ART
      565 +                        -4:16:48 -      CMT     1920 May
      566 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1930 Dec
      567 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 1969 Oct  5
      568 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1999 Oct  3
      569 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 2000 Mar  3
      570 +                        -3:00   -       -03     2004 May 30
      571 +                        -4:00   -       -04     2004 Jun 20
      572 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 2008 Oct 18
      573 +                        -3:00   -       -03
 602  574  
 603  575  # Aruba
 604  576  Link America/Curacao America/Aruba
 605  577  
 606  578  # Bolivia
 607  579  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 608  580  Zone    America/La_Paz  -4:32:36 -      LMT     1890
 609  581                          -4:32:36 -      CMT     1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
 610  582                          -4:32:36 1:00   BOST    1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
 611      -                        -4:00   -       BOT     # Bolivia Time
      583 +                        -4:00   -       -04
 612  584  
 613  585  # Brazil
 614  586  
 615  587  # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
 616  588  # The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
 617  589  # just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
 618  590  # The rule change lasted only part of the day;
 619  591  # the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business
 620  592  # was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon.
 621  593  
 622  594  # From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
 623  595  # _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
 624  596  # Santa Catarina (SC), Paraná (PR), São Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
 625  597  # Espírito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goiás (GO),
 626  598  # Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
 627  599  # [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
 628  600  
 629  601  # From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
 630  602  # Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goiás until 1989), and other
 631  603  # sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
 632  604  # always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
 633  605  # The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91.  Each issue from then until
 634  606  # 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95,
 635  607  # along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2
 636  608  # (UTC-4)....  The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is
 637  609  # UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is
 638  610  # UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's
 639  611  # become part of the state of Pernambuco).  The boundary between BR1 and BR2
 640  612  # has never been clearly stated.  They've simply been called East and West.
 641  613  # However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
 642  614  # Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil.  For each
 643  615  # airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM.  From that
 644  616  # information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapá (AP), Ceará (CE),
 645  617  # Maranhão (MA), Paraíba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piauí (PI), and Rio Grande do
 646  618  # Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Pará (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
 647  619  
 648  620  # From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
 649  621  # Brazilian official page <http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html>
 650  622  
 651  623  # From Jesper Nørgaard (2000-11-03):
 652  624  # [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
 653  625  # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
 654  626  # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm
 655  627  
 656  628  # From Celso Doria via David Madeo (2002-10-09):
 657  629  # The reason for the delay this year has to do with elections in Brazil.
 658  630  #
 659  631  # Unlike in the United States, elections in Brazil are 100% computerized and
 660  632  # the results are known almost immediately.  Yesterday, it was the first
 661  633  # round of the elections when 115 million Brazilians voted for President,
 662  634  # Governor, Senators, Federal Deputies, and State Deputies.  Nobody is
 663  635  # counting (or re-counting) votes anymore and we know there will be a second
 664  636  # round for the Presidency and also for some Governors.  The 2nd round will
 665  637  # take place on October 27th.
 666  638  #
 667  639  # The reason why the DST will only begin November 3rd is that the thousands
 668  640  # of electoral machines used cannot have their time changed, and since the
 669  641  # Constitution says the elections must begin at 8:00 AM and end at 5:00 PM,
 670  642  # the Government decided to postpone DST, instead of changing the Constitution
 671  643  # (maybe, for the next elections, it will be possible to change the clock)...
 672  644  
 673  645  # From Rodrigo Severo (2004-10-04):
 674  646  # It's just the biannual change made necessary by the much hyped, supposedly
 675  647  # modern Brazilian eletronic voting machines which, apparently, can't deal
 676  648  # with a time change between the first and the second rounds of the elections.
 677  649  
 678  650  # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-20):
 679  651  # Brazil will start DST on 2007-10-14 00:00 and end on 2008-02-17 00:00:
 680  652  # http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do;jsessionid=BBA06811AFCAAC28F0285210913513DA?newsId=13975
 681  653  
 682  654  # From Paul Schulze (2008-06-24):
 683  655  # ...by law number 11.662 of April 24, 2008 (published in the "Diario
 684  656  # Oficial da União"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
 685  657  # effective today (00:00am at June 24, 2008) as follows:
 686  658  #
 687  659  # a) The timezone UTC+5 is extinguished, with all the Acre state and the
 688  660  # part of the Amazonas state that had this timezone now being put to the
 689  661  # timezone UTC+4
 690  662  # b) The whole Pará state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
 691  663  # part of it, as was before.
 692  664  #
 693  665  # This change follows a proposal of senator Tiao Viana of Acre state, that
 694  666  # proposed it due to concerns about open television channels displaying
 695  667  # programs inappropriate to youths in the states that had the timezone
 696  668  # UTC+5 too early in the night. In the occasion, some more corrections
 697  669  # were proposed, trying to unify the timezones of any given state. This
 698  670  # change modifies timezone rules defined in decree 2.784 of 18 June,
 699  671  # 1913.
 700  672  
 701  673  # From Rodrigo Severo (2008-06-24):
 702  674  # Just correcting the URL:
 703  675  # https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=do&secao=1&pagina=1&data=25/04/2008
 704  676  #
 705  677  # As a result of the above Decree I believe the America/Rio_Branco
 706  678  # timezone shall be modified from UTC-5 to UTC-4 and a new timezone shall
 707  679  # be created to represent the...west side of the Pará State. I
 708  680  # suggest this new timezone be called Santarem as the most
 709  681  # important/populated city in the affected area.
 710  682  #
 711  683  # This new timezone would be the same as the Rio_Branco timezone up to
 712  684  # the 2008/06/24 change which would be to UTC-3 instead of UTC-4.
 713  685  
 714  686  # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-24):
 715  687  # This is a quick reference page for New and Old Brazil Time Zones map.
 716  688  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/brazil-time-new-old.php
 717  689  #
 718  690  # - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones - eliminating time zone UTC-05
 719  691  # (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT-04) - western
 720  692  # part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC-03 (from UTC-04).
 721  693  
 722  694  # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
 723  695  # The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
 724  696  # Decretos sobre o Horário de Verão no Brasil.
 725  697  # http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
 726  698  
 727  699  # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-29):
 728  700  # As announced by the government and many newspapers in Brazil late
 729  701  # yesterday, Brazil will start DST on 2008-10-19 (need to change rule) and
 730  702  # it will end on 2009-02-15 (current rule for Brazil is fine). Based on
 731  703  # past years experience with the elections, there was a good chance that
 732  704  # the start was postponed to November, but it did not happen this year.
 733  705  #
 734  706  # It has not yet been posted to http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
 735  707  #
 736  708  # An official page about it:
 737  709  # http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do?newsId=16722
 738  710  # Note that this link does not always work directly, but must be accessed
 739  711  # by going to
 740  712  # http://www.mme.gov.br/first
 741  713  #
 742  714  # One example link that works directly:
 743  715  # http://jornale.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13530&Itemid=54
 744  716  # (Portuguese)
 745  717  #
 746  718  # We have a written a short article about it as well:
 747  719  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html
 748  720  #
 749  721  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-04):
 750  722  # State Bahia will return to Daylight savings time this year after 8 years off.
 751  723  # The announcement was made by Governor Jaques Wagner in an interview to a
 752  724  # television station in Salvador.
 753  725  
 754  726  # In Portuguese:
 755  727  # http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2011/10/governador-jaques-wagner-confirma-horario-de-verao-na-bahia.html
 756  728  # http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI5390887-EI8139,00-Bahia+volta+a+ter+horario+de+verao+apos+oito+anos.html
 757  729  
 758  730  # From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-07):
 759  731  # There is news in the media, however there is still no decree about it.
 760  732  # I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
 761  733  # official agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is
 762  734  # still in force.
 763  735  
 764  736  # From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-14)
 765  737  # It's official, the President signed a decree that includes Bahia in summer
 766  738  # time.
 767  739  #        [ and in a second message (same day): ]
 768  740  # I found the decree.
 769  741  #
 770  742  # DECRETO No. 7.584, DE 13 DE OUTUBRO DE 2011
 771  743  # Link :
 772  744  # http://www.in.gov.br/visualiza/index.jsp?data=13/10/2011&jornal=1000&pagina=6&totalArquivos=6
 773  745  
 774  746  # From Kelley Cook (2012-10-16):
 775  747  # The governor of state of Bahia in Brazil announced on Thursday that
 776  748  # due to public pressure, he is reversing the DST policy they implemented
 777  749  # last year and will not be going to Summer Time on October 21st....
 778  750  # http://www.correio24horas.com.br/r/artigo/apos-pressoes-wagner-suspende-horario-de-verao-na-bahia
 779  751  
 780  752  # From Rodrigo Severo (2012-10-16):
 781  753  # Tocantins state will have DST.
 782  754  # http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI6232536-EI306.html
 783  755  
 784  756  # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-20):
 785  757  # Tocantins in Brazil is very likely not to observe DST from October....
 786  758  # http://conexaoto.com.br/2013/09/18/ministerio-confirma-que-tocantins-esta-fora-do-horario-de-verao-em-2013-mas-falta-publicacao-de-decreto
 787  759  # We will keep this article updated when this is confirmed:
 788  760  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-starts-dst-2013.html
 789  761  
 790  762  # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-10-17):
 791  763  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/acre-amazonas-change-time-zone.html
 792  764  # Senator Jorge Viana announced that Acre will change time zone on November 10.
 793  765  # He did not specify the time of the change, nor if western parts of Amazonas
 794  766  # will change as well.
 795  767  #
 796  768  # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-17):
 797  769  # For now, assume western Amazonas will change as well.
 798  770  
 799  771  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 800  772  # Decree 20,466 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm> (1931-10-01)
 801  773  # Decree 21,896 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm> (1932-01-10)
 802  774  Rule    Brazil  1931    only    -       Oct      3      11:00   1:00    S
 803  775  Rule    Brazil  1932    1933    -       Apr      1       0:00   0       -
 804  776  Rule    Brazil  1932    only    -       Oct      3       0:00   1:00    S
 805  777  # Decree 23,195 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm> (1933-10-10)
 806  778  # revoked DST.
 807  779  # Decree 27,496 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm> (1949-11-24)
 808  780  # Decree 27,998 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm> (1950-04-13)
 809  781  Rule    Brazil  1949    1952    -       Dec      1       0:00   1:00    S
 810  782  Rule    Brazil  1950    only    -       Apr     16       1:00   0       -
 811  783  Rule    Brazil  1951    1952    -       Apr      1       0:00   0       -
 812  784  # Decree 32,308 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm> (1953-02-24)
 813  785  Rule    Brazil  1953    only    -       Mar      1       0:00   0       -
 814  786  # Decree 34,724 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm> (1953-11-30)
 815  787  # revoked DST.
 816  788  # Decree 52,700 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm> (1963-10-18)
 817  789  # established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
 818  790  # in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
 819  791  # Decree 53,071 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm> (1963-12-03)
 820  792  # extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
 821  793  Rule    Brazil  1963    only    -       Dec      9       0:00   1:00    S
 822  794  # Decree 53,604 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm> (1964-02-25)
 823  795  # extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
 824  796  Rule    Brazil  1964    only    -       Mar      1       0:00   0       -
 825  797  # Decree 55,639 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm> (1965-01-27)
 826  798  Rule    Brazil  1965    only    -       Jan     31       0:00   1:00    S
 827  799  Rule    Brazil  1965    only    -       Mar     31       0:00   0       -
 828  800  # Decree 57,303 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm> (1965-11-22)
 829  801  Rule    Brazil  1965    only    -       Dec      1       0:00   1:00    S
 830  802  # Decree 57,843 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm> (1966-02-18)
 831  803  Rule    Brazil  1966    1968    -       Mar      1       0:00   0       -
 832  804  Rule    Brazil  1966    1967    -       Nov      1       0:00   1:00    S
 833  805  # Decree 63,429 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm> (1968-10-15)
 834  806  # revoked DST.
 835  807  # Decree 91,698 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm> (1985-09-27)
 836  808  Rule    Brazil  1985    only    -       Nov      2       0:00   1:00    S
 837  809  # Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
 838  810  # Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
 839  811  Rule    Brazil  1986    only    -       Mar     15       0:00   0       -
 840  812  # Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
 841  813  Rule    Brazil  1986    only    -       Oct     25       0:00   1:00    S
 842  814  Rule    Brazil  1987    only    -       Feb     14       0:00   0       -
 843  815  # Decree 94,922 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm> (1987-09-22)
 844  816  Rule    Brazil  1987    only    -       Oct     25       0:00   1:00    S
 845  817  Rule    Brazil  1988    only    -       Feb      7       0:00   0       -
 846  818  # Decree 96,676 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm> (1988-09-12)
 847  819  # except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
 848  820  Rule    Brazil  1988    only    -       Oct     16       0:00   1:00    S
 849  821  Rule    Brazil  1989    only    -       Jan     29       0:00   0       -
 850  822  # Decree 98,077 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm> (1989-08-21)
 851  823  # with the same exceptions
 852  824  Rule    Brazil  1989    only    -       Oct     15       0:00   1:00    S
 853  825  Rule    Brazil  1990    only    -       Feb     11       0:00   0       -
 854  826  # Decree 99,530 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm> (1990-09-17)
 855  827  # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
 856  828  # Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
 857  829  Rule    Brazil  1990    only    -       Oct     21       0:00   1:00    S
 858  830  Rule    Brazil  1991    only    -       Feb     17       0:00   0       -
 859  831  # Unnumbered decree <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm> (1991-09-25)
 860  832  # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
 861  833  Rule    Brazil  1991    only    -       Oct     20       0:00   1:00    S
 862  834  Rule    Brazil  1992    only    -       Feb      9       0:00   0       -
 863  835  # Unnumbered decree <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm> (1992-10-16)
 864  836  # adopted by same states.
 865  837  Rule    Brazil  1992    only    -       Oct     25       0:00   1:00    S
 866  838  Rule    Brazil  1993    only    -       Jan     31       0:00   0       -
 867  839  # Decree 942 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm> (1993-09-28)
 868  840  # adopted by same states, plus AM.
 869  841  # Decree 1,252 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm> (1994-09-22;
 870  842  # web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM.
 871  843  # Decree 1,636 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1636.htm> (1995-09-14)
 872  844  # adopted by same states, plus MT and TO.
 873  845  # Decree 1,674 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm> (1995-10-13)
 874  846  # adds AL, SE.
 875  847  Rule    Brazil  1993    1995    -       Oct     Sun>=11  0:00   1:00    S
 876  848  Rule    Brazil  1994    1995    -       Feb     Sun>=15  0:00   0       -
 877  849  Rule    Brazil  1996    only    -       Feb     11       0:00   0       -
 878  850  # Decree 2,000 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm> (1996-09-04)
 879  851  # adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
 880  852  Rule    Brazil  1996    only    -       Oct      6       0:00   1:00    S
 881  853  Rule    Brazil  1997    only    -       Feb     16       0:00   0       -
 882  854  # From Daniel C. Sobral (1998-02-12):
 883  855  # In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
 884  856  # because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
 885  857  # they bought the wrong times on satellite for coverage of Pope's visit.
 886  858  # This year, the ending date of DS was postponed to March 1
 887  859  # to help dealing with the shortages of electric power.
 888  860  #
 889  861  # Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
 890  862  Rule    Brazil  1997    only    -       Oct      6       0:00   1:00    S
 891  863  # Decree 2,495 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG>
 892  864  # (1998-02-10)
 893  865  Rule    Brazil  1998    only    -       Mar      1       0:00   0       -
 894  866  # Decree 2,780 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg> (1998-09-11)
 895  867  # adopted by the same states as before.
 896  868  Rule    Brazil  1998    only    -       Oct     11       0:00   1:00    S
 897  869  Rule    Brazil  1999    only    -       Feb     21       0:00   0       -
 898  870  # Decree 3,150 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3150.gif>
 899  871  # (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
 900  872  # Decree 3,188 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV99.gif> (1999-09-30)
 901  873  # adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
 902  874  Rule    Brazil  1999    only    -       Oct      3       0:00   1:00    S
 903  875  Rule    Brazil  2000    only    -       Feb     27       0:00   0       -
 904  876  # Decree 3,592 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DEC3592.htm> (2000-09-06)
 905  877  # adopted by the same states as before.
 906  878  # Decree 3,630 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3630.jpg> (2000-10-13)
 907  879  # repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
 908  880  # Decree 3,632 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3632.jpg> (2000-10-17)
 909  881  # repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
 910  882  # Decree 3,916 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3916.gif>
 911  883  # (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
 912  884  Rule    Brazil  2000    2001    -       Oct     Sun>=8   0:00   1:00    S
 913  885  Rule    Brazil  2001    2006    -       Feb     Sun>=15  0:00   0       -
 914  886  # Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
 915  887  # 4,399 <http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2002/D4399.htm>
 916  888  Rule    Brazil  2002    only    -       Nov      3       0:00   1:00    S
 917  889  # Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
 918  890  # 4,844 <http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2003/D4844.htm>
 919  891  Rule    Brazil  2003    only    -       Oct     19       0:00   1:00    S
 920  892  # Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT.
 921  893  # 5,223 <http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2004-2006/2004/Decreto/D5223.htm>
 922  894  Rule    Brazil  2004    only    -       Nov      2       0:00   1:00    S
 923  895  # Decree 5,539 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5539.gif> (2005-09-19),
 924  896  # adopted by the same states as before.
 925  897  Rule    Brazil  2005    only    -       Oct     16       0:00   1:00    S
 926  898  # Decree 5,920 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5920.gif> (2006-10-03),
 927  899  # adopted by the same states as before.
 928  900  Rule    Brazil  2006    only    -       Nov      5       0:00   1:00    S
 929  901  Rule    Brazil  2007    only    -       Feb     25       0:00   0       -
 930  902  # Decree 6,212 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV6212.gif> (2007-09-26),
 931  903  # adopted by the same states as before.
 932  904  Rule    Brazil  2007    only    -       Oct     Sun>=8   0:00   1:00    S
 933  905  # From Frederico A. C. Neves (2008-09-10):
 934  906  # According to this decree
 935  907  # http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6558.htm
 936  908  # [t]he DST period in Brazil now on will be from the 3rd Oct Sunday to the
 937  909  # 3rd Feb Sunday. There is an exception on the return date when this is
 938  910  # the Carnival Sunday then the return date will be the next Sunday...
 939  911  Rule    Brazil  2008    max     -       Oct     Sun>=15 0:00    1:00    S
 940  912  Rule    Brazil  2008    2011    -       Feb     Sun>=15 0:00    0       -
 941  913  Rule    Brazil  2012    only    -       Feb     Sun>=22 0:00    0       -
 942  914  Rule    Brazil  2013    2014    -       Feb     Sun>=15 0:00    0       -
 943  915  Rule    Brazil  2015    only    -       Feb     Sun>=22 0:00    0       -
 944  916  Rule    Brazil  2016    2022    -       Feb     Sun>=15 0:00    0       -
 945  917  Rule    Brazil  2023    only    -       Feb     Sun>=22 0:00    0       -
 946  918  Rule    Brazil  2024    2025    -       Feb     Sun>=15 0:00    0       -
 947  919  Rule    Brazil  2026    only    -       Feb     Sun>=22 0:00    0       -
 948  920  Rule    Brazil  2027    2033    -       Feb     Sun>=15 0:00    0       -
 949  921  Rule    Brazil  2034    only    -       Feb     Sun>=22 0:00    0       -
 950  922  Rule    Brazil  2035    2036    -       Feb     Sun>=15 0:00    0       -
 951  923  Rule    Brazil  2037    only    -       Feb     Sun>=22 0:00    0       -
 952  924  # From Arthur David Olson (2008-09-29):
  
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 953  925  # The next is wrong in some years but is better than nothing.
 954  926  Rule    Brazil  2038    max     -       Feb     Sun>=15 0:00    0       -
 955  927  
 956  928  # The latest ruleset listed above says that the following states observe DST:
 957  929  # DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
 958  930  
 959  931  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 960  932  #
 961  933  # Fernando de Noronha (administratively part of PE)
 962  934  Zone America/Noronha    -2:09:40 -      LMT     1914
 963      -                        -2:00   Brazil  FN%sT   1990 Sep 17
 964      -                        -2:00   -       FNT     1999 Sep 30
 965      -                        -2:00   Brazil  FN%sT   2000 Oct 15
 966      -                        -2:00   -       FNT     2001 Sep 13
 967      -                        -2:00   Brazil  FN%sT   2002 Oct  1
 968      -                        -2:00   -       FNT
      935 +                        -2:00   Brazil  -02/-01 1990 Sep 17
      936 +                        -2:00   -       -02     1999 Sep 30
      937 +                        -2:00   Brazil  -02/-01 2000 Oct 15
      938 +                        -2:00   -       -02     2001 Sep 13
      939 +                        -2:00   Brazil  -02/-01 2002 Oct  1
      940 +                        -2:00   -       -02
 969  941  # Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
 970  942  # These include Trindade and Martim Vaz (administratively part of ES),
 971  943  # Rocas Atoll (RN), and the St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (PE).
 972  944  # Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01;
 973  945  # it also included the Penedos.
 974  946  #
 975  947  # Amapá (AP), east Pará (PA)
 976  948  # East Pará includes Belém, Marabá, Serra Norte, and São Félix do Xingu.
 977  949  # The division between east and west Pará is the river Xingu.
 978  950  # In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
 979  951  # the border with Amapá) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
 980  952  Zone America/Belem      -3:13:56 -      LMT     1914
 981      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1988 Sep 12
 982      -                        -3:00   -       BRT
      953 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02 1988 Sep 12
      954 +                        -3:00   -       -03
 983  955  #
 984  956  # west Pará (PA)
 985  957  # West Pará includes Altamira, Óbidos, Prainha, Oriximiná, and Santarém.
 986  958  Zone America/Santarem   -3:38:48 -      LMT     1914
 987      -                        -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   1988 Sep 12
 988      -                        -4:00   -       AMT     2008 Jun 24  0:00
 989      -                        -3:00   -       BRT
      959 +                        -4:00   Brazil  -04/-03 1988 Sep 12
      960 +                        -4:00   -       -04     2008 Jun 24  0:00
      961 +                        -3:00   -       -03
 990  962  #
 991  963  # Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
 992  964  # Paraíba (PB)
 993  965  Zone America/Fortaleza  -2:34:00 -      LMT     1914
 994      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1990 Sep 17
 995      -                        -3:00   -       BRT     1999 Sep 30
 996      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2000 Oct 22
 997      -                        -3:00   -       BRT     2001 Sep 13
 998      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2002 Oct  1
 999      -                        -3:00   -       BRT
      966 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02 1990 Sep 17
      967 +                        -3:00   -       -03     1999 Sep 30
      968 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02 2000 Oct 22
      969 +                        -3:00   -       -03     2001 Sep 13
      970 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02 2002 Oct  1
      971 +                        -3:00   -       -03
1000  972  #
1001  973  # Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands)
1002  974  Zone America/Recife     -2:19:36 -      LMT     1914
1003      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1990 Sep 17
1004      -                        -3:00   -       BRT     1999 Sep 30
1005      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2000 Oct 15
1006      -                        -3:00   -       BRT     2001 Sep 13
1007      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2002 Oct  1
1008      -                        -3:00   -       BRT
      975 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02 1990 Sep 17
      976 +                        -3:00   -       -03     1999 Sep 30
      977 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02 2000 Oct 15
      978 +                        -3:00   -       -03     2001 Sep 13
      979 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02 2002 Oct  1
      980 +                        -3:00   -       -03
1009  981  #
1010  982  # Tocantins (TO)
1011  983  Zone America/Araguaina  -3:12:48 -      LMT     1914
1012      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1990 Sep 17
1013      -                        -3:00   -       BRT     1995 Sep 14
1014      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2003 Sep 24
1015      -                        -3:00   -       BRT     2012 Oct 21
1016      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2013 Sep
1017      -                        -3:00   -       BRT
      984 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02 1990 Sep 17
      985 +                        -3:00   -       -03     1995 Sep 14
      986 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02 2003 Sep 24
      987 +                        -3:00   -       -03     2012 Oct 21
      988 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02 2013 Sep
      989 +                        -3:00   -       -03
1018  990  #
1019  991  # Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
1020  992  Zone America/Maceio     -2:22:52 -      LMT     1914
1021      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1990 Sep 17
1022      -                        -3:00   -       BRT     1995 Oct 13
1023      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1996 Sep  4
1024      -                        -3:00   -       BRT     1999 Sep 30
1025      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2000 Oct 22
1026      -                        -3:00   -       BRT     2001 Sep 13
1027      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2002 Oct  1
1028      -                        -3:00   -       BRT
      993 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02 1990 Sep 17
      994 +                        -3:00   -       -03     1995 Oct 13
      995 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02 1996 Sep  4
      996 +                        -3:00   -       -03     1999 Sep 30
      997 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02 2000 Oct 22
      998 +                        -3:00   -       -03     2001 Sep 13
      999 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02 2002 Oct  1
     1000 +                        -3:00   -       -03
1029 1001  #
1030 1002  # Bahia (BA)
1031 1003  # There are too many Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/Bahia instead
1032 1004  # of America/Salvador.
1033 1005  Zone America/Bahia      -2:34:04 -      LMT     1914
1034      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2003 Sep 24
1035      -                        -3:00   -       BRT     2011 Oct 16
1036      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   2012 Oct 21
1037      -                        -3:00   -       BRT
     1006 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02 2003 Sep 24
     1007 +                        -3:00   -       -03     2011 Oct 16
     1008 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02 2012 Oct 21
     1009 +                        -3:00   -       -03
1038 1010  #
1039 1011  # Goiás (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
1040 1012  # Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR),
1041 1013  # Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
1042 1014  Zone America/Sao_Paulo  -3:06:28 -      LMT     1914
1043      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT   1963 Oct 23  0:00
1044      -                        -3:00   1:00    BRST    1964
1045      -                        -3:00   Brazil  BR%sT
     1015 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02 1963 Oct 23  0:00
     1016 +                        -3:00   1:00    -02     1964
     1017 +                        -3:00   Brazil  -03/-02
1046 1018  #
1047 1019  # Mato Grosso do Sul (MS)
1048 1020  Zone America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 -    LMT     1914
1049      -                        -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT
     1021 +                        -4:00   Brazil  -04/-03
1050 1022  #
1051 1023  # Mato Grosso (MT)
1052 1024  Zone America/Cuiaba     -3:44:20 -      LMT     1914
1053      -                        -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   2003 Sep 24
1054      -                        -4:00   -       AMT     2004 Oct  1
1055      -                        -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT
     1025 +                        -4:00   Brazil  -04/-03 2003 Sep 24
     1026 +                        -4:00   -       -04     2004 Oct  1
     1027 +                        -4:00   Brazil  -04/-03
1056 1028  #
1057 1029  # Rondônia (RO)
1058 1030  Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -     LMT     1914
1059      -                        -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   1988 Sep 12
1060      -                        -4:00   -       AMT
     1031 +                        -4:00   Brazil  -04/-03 1988 Sep 12
     1032 +                        -4:00   -       -04
1061 1033  #
1062 1034  # Roraima (RR)
1063 1035  Zone America/Boa_Vista  -4:02:40 -      LMT     1914
1064      -                        -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   1988 Sep 12
1065      -                        -4:00   -       AMT     1999 Sep 30
1066      -                        -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   2000 Oct 15
1067      -                        -4:00   -       AMT
     1036 +                        -4:00   Brazil  -04/-03 1988 Sep 12
     1037 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1999 Sep 30
     1038 +                        -4:00   Brazil  -04/-03 2000 Oct 15
     1039 +                        -4:00   -       -04
1068 1040  #
1069 1041  # east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutaí, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
1070 1042  # The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
1071 1043  # east from west Amazonas.
1072 1044  Zone America/Manaus     -4:00:04 -      LMT     1914
1073      -                        -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   1988 Sep 12
1074      -                        -4:00   -       AMT     1993 Sep 28
1075      -                        -4:00   Brazil  AM%sT   1994 Sep 22
1076      -                        -4:00   -       AMT
     1045 +                        -4:00   Brazil  -04/-03 1988 Sep 12
     1046 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1993 Sep 28
     1047 +                        -4:00   Brazil  -04/-03 1994 Sep 22
     1048 +                        -4:00   -       -04
1077 1049  #
1078 1050  # west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
1079 1051  #       Eirunepé, Envira, Ipixuna
1080 1052  Zone America/Eirunepe   -4:39:28 -      LMT     1914
1081      -                        -5:00   Brazil  AC%sT   1988 Sep 12
1082      -                        -5:00   -       ACT     1993 Sep 28
1083      -                        -5:00   Brazil  AC%sT   1994 Sep 22
1084      -                        -5:00   -       ACT     2008 Jun 24  0:00
1085      -                        -4:00   -       AMT     2013 Nov 10
1086      -                        -5:00   -       ACT
     1053 +                        -5:00   Brazil  -05/-04 1988 Sep 12
     1054 +                        -5:00   -       -05     1993 Sep 28
     1055 +                        -5:00   Brazil  -05/-04 1994 Sep 22
     1056 +                        -5:00   -       -05     2008 Jun 24  0:00
     1057 +                        -4:00   -       -04     2013 Nov 10
     1058 +                        -5:00   -       -05
1087 1059  #
1088 1060  # Acre (AC)
1089 1061  Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 -      LMT     1914
1090      -                        -5:00   Brazil  AC%sT   1988 Sep 12
1091      -                        -5:00   -       ACT     2008 Jun 24  0:00
1092      -                        -4:00   -       AMT     2013 Nov 10
1093      -                        -5:00   -       ACT
     1062 +                        -5:00   Brazil  -05/-04 1988 Sep 12
     1063 +                        -5:00   -       -05     2008 Jun 24  0:00
     1064 +                        -4:00   -       -04     2013 Nov 10
     1065 +                        -5:00   -       -05
1094 1066  
1095 1067  # Chile
1096 1068  
1097 1069  # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-03):
1098 1070  # Shanks & Pottenger says America/Santiago introduced standard time in
1099 1071  # 1890 and rounds its UTC offset to 70W40; guess that in practice this
1100 1072  # was the same offset as in 1916-1919.  It also says Pacific/Easter
1101 1073  # standardized on 109W22 in 1890; assume this didn't change the clocks.
1102 1074  #
1103 1075  # Dates for America/Santiago from 1910 to 2004 are primarily from
1104 1076  # the following source, cited by Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08):
1105 1077  # [1] Chile Law
1106 1078  # http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/chile.html
1107 1079  # This contains a copy of a this official table:
1108 1080  # Cambios en la hora oficial de Chile desde 1900 (retrieved 2008-03-30)
1109 1081  # http://web.archive.org/web/20080330200901/http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
1110 1082  # [1] needs several corrections, though.
1111 1083  #
1112 1084  # The first set of corrections is from:
1113 1085  # [2] History of the Official Time of Chile
1114 1086  # http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html (retrieved 2012-03-06).  See:
1115 1087  # http://web.archive.org/web/20120306042032/http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html
1116 1088  # This is an English translation of:
1117 1089  # Historia de la hora oficial de Chile (retrieved 2012-10-24).  See:
1118 1090  # http://web.archive.org/web/20121024234627/http://www.horaoficial.cl/horaof.htm
1119 1091  # A fancier Spanish version (requiring mouse-clicking) is at:
1120 1092  # http://www.horaoficial.cl/historia_hora.html
1121 1093  # Conflicts between [1] and [2] were resolved as follows:
1122 1094  #
1123 1095  #  - [1] says the 1910 transition was Jan 1, [2] says Jan 10 and cites
1124 1096  #    Boletín No. 1, Aviso No. 1 (1910).  Go with [2].
1125 1097  #
1126 1098  #  - [1] says SMT was -4:42:45, [2] says Chile's official time from
1127 1099  #    1916 to 1919 was -4:42:46.3, the meridian of Chile's National
1128 1100  #    Astronomical Observatory (OAN), then located in what is now
1129 1101  #    Quinta Normal in Santiago.  Go with [2], rounding it to -4:42:46.
1130 1102  #
1131 1103  #  - [1] says the 1918 transition was Sep 1, [2] says Sep 10 and cites
1132 1104  #    Boletín No. 22, Aviso No. 129/1918 (1918-08-23).  Go with [2].
1133 1105  #
1134 1106  #  - [1] does not give times for transitions; assume they occur
1135 1107  #    at midnight mainland time, the current common practice.  However,
1136 1108  #    go with [2]'s specification of 23:00 for the 1947-05-21 transition.
1137 1109  #
1138 1110  # Another correction to [1] is from Jesper Nørgaard Welen, who
1139 1111  # wrote (2006-10-08), "I think that there are some obvious mistakes in
1140 1112  # the suggested link from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66
1141 1113  # says that GMT-4 ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at
1142 1114  # 1990-09-15 (they should have been 1990-09-15 and 1990-09-16
1143 1115  # respectively), but anyhow it clears up some doubts too."
1144 1116  #
1145 1117  # Data for Pacific/Easter from 1910 through 1967 come from Shanks &
1146 1118  # Pottenger.  After that, for lack of better info assume
1147 1119  # Pacific/Easter is always two hours behind America/Santiago;
1148 1120  # this is known to work for DST transitions starting in 2008 and
1149 1121  # may well be true for earlier transitions.
1150 1122  
1151 1123  # From Eduardo Krell (1995-10-19):
1152 1124  # The law says to switch to DST at midnight [24:00] on the second SATURDAY
1153 1125  # of October....  The law is the same for March and October.
1154 1126  # (1998-09-29):
1155 1127  # Because of the drought this year, the government decided to go into
1156 1128  # DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
1157 1129  # (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).
1158 1130  
1159 1131  # From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18):
1160 1132  # Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
1161 1133  # on April 3, (one-time change).
1162 1134  
1163 1135  # From Germán Poo-Caamaño (2008-03-03):
1164 1136  # Due to drought, Chile extends Daylight Time in three weeks.  This
1165 1137  # is one-time change (Saturday 3/29 at 24:00 for America/Santiago
1166 1138  # and Saturday 3/29 at 22:00 for Pacific/Easter)
1167 1139  # The Supreme Decree is located at
1168 1140  # http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf
1169 1141  #
1170 1142  # From José Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
1171 1143  # http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm
1172 1144  
1173 1145  # From Angel Chiang (2010-03-04):
1174 1146  # Subject: DST in Chile exceptionally extended to 3 April due to earthquake
1175 1147  # http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewNoticia.aspx?idArticulo=30098
1176 1148  #
1177 1149  # From Arthur David Olson (2010-03-06):
1178 1150  # Angel Chiang's message confirmed by Julio Pacheco; Julio provided a patch.
1179 1151  
1180 1152  # From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-28):
1181 1153  # http://diario.elmercurio.com/2011/03/28/_portada/_portada/noticias/7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E.htm?id=3D{7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E}
1182 1154  # In English:
1183 1155  # Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
1184 1156  # of this Saturday. They will go forward again the 3rd Saturday in
1185 1157  # August, not in October as they have since 1968.
1186 1158  
1187 1159  # From Mauricio Parada (2012-02-22), translated by Glenn Eychaner (2012-02-23):
1188 1160  # As stated in the website of the Chilean Energy Ministry
1189 1161  # http://www.minenergia.cl/ministerio/noticias/generales/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de.html
1190 1162  # The Chilean Government has decided to postpone the entrance into winter time
1191 1163  # (to leave DST) from March 11 2012 to April 28th 2012....
1192 1164  # Quote from the website communication:
1193 1165  #
1194 1166  # 6. For the year 2012, the dates of entry into winter time will be as follows:
1195 1167  # a. Saturday April 28, 2012, clocks should go back 60 minutes; that is, at
1196 1168  # 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be 23:00
1197 1169  # of the same day.
1198 1170  # b. Saturday, September 1, 2012, clocks should go forward 60 minutes; that is,
1199 1171  # at 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be
1200 1172  # 01:00 on September 2.
1201 1173  
1202 1174  # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-02-15):
1203 1175  # According to several news sources, Chile has extended DST this year,
1204 1176  # they will end DST later and start DST earlier than planned.  They
1205 1177  # hope to save energy.  The new end date is 2013-04-28 00:00 and new
1206 1178  # start date is 2013-09-08 00:00....
1207 1179  # http://www.gob.cl/informa/2013/02/15/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de-hora-para-el-ano-2013.htm
1208 1180  
1209 1181  # From José Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19):
1210 1182  # Today appeared in the Diario Oficial a decree amending the time change
1211 1183  # dates to 2014.
1212 1184  # DST End: last Saturday of April 2014 (Sun 27 Apr 2014 03:00 UTC)
1213 1185  # DST Start: first Saturday of September 2014 (Sun 07 Sep 2014 04:00 UTC)
1214 1186  # http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl//media/2014/02/19/do-20140219.pdf
1215 1187  
1216 1188  # From Eduardo Romero Urra (2015-03-03):
1217 1189  # Today has been published officially that Chile will use the DST time
1218 1190  # permanently until March 25 of 2017
1219 1191  # http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/media/2015/03/03/1-large.jpg
1220 1192  #
1221 1193  # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
1222 1194  # For now, assume that the extension will persist indefinitely.
1223 1195  
1224 1196  # From Juan Correa (2016-03-18):
1225 1197  # The decree regarding DST has been published in today's Official Gazette:
1226 1198  # http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/versiones-anteriores/do/20160318/
1227 1199  # http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1088502
  
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1228 1200  # It does consider the second Saturday of May and August as the dates
1229 1201  # for the transition; and it lists DST dates until 2019, but I think
1230 1202  # this scheme will stick.
1231 1203  #
1232 1204  # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1233 1205  # For now, assume the pattern holds for the indefinite future.
1234 1206  # The decree says transitions occur at 24:00; in practice this appears
1235 1207  # to mean 24:00 mainland time, not 24:00 local time, so that Easter
1236 1208  # Island is always two hours behind the mainland.
1237 1209  
     1210 +# From Juan Correa (2016-12-04):
     1211 +# Magallanes region ... will keep DST (UTC -3) all year round....
     1212 +# http://www.soychile.cl/Santiago/Sociedad/2016/12/04/433428/Bachelet-firmo-el-decreto-para-establecer-un-horario-unico-para-la-Region-de-Magallanes.aspx
     1213 +#
     1214 +# From Deborah Goldsmith (2017-01-19):
     1215 +# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2017/01/17/41660/01/1169626.pdf
     1216 +# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-19):
     1217 +# The above says the Magallanes change expires 2019-05-11 at 24:00,
     1218 +# so in theory, they will revert to -04/-03 after that, which means
     1219 +# they will switch from -03 to -04 one hour after Santiago does that day.
     1220 +# For now, assume that they will not revert.
     1221 +
1238 1222  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1239 1223  Rule    Chile   1927    1931    -       Sep      1      0:00    1:00    S
1240 1224  Rule    Chile   1928    1932    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
1241 1225  Rule    Chile   1968    only    -       Nov      3      4:00u   1:00    S
1242 1226  Rule    Chile   1969    only    -       Mar     30      3:00u   0       -
1243 1227  Rule    Chile   1969    only    -       Nov     23      4:00u   1:00    S
1244 1228  Rule    Chile   1970    only    -       Mar     29      3:00u   0       -
1245 1229  Rule    Chile   1971    only    -       Mar     14      3:00u   0       -
1246 1230  Rule    Chile   1970    1972    -       Oct     Sun>=9  4:00u   1:00    S
1247 1231  Rule    Chile   1972    1986    -       Mar     Sun>=9  3:00u   0       -
1248 1232  Rule    Chile   1973    only    -       Sep     30      4:00u   1:00    S
1249 1233  Rule    Chile   1974    1987    -       Oct     Sun>=9  4:00u   1:00    S
1250 1234  Rule    Chile   1987    only    -       Apr     12      3:00u   0       -
1251 1235  Rule    Chile   1988    1990    -       Mar     Sun>=9  3:00u   0       -
1252 1236  Rule    Chile   1988    1989    -       Oct     Sun>=9  4:00u   1:00    S
1253 1237  Rule    Chile   1990    only    -       Sep     16      4:00u   1:00    S
1254 1238  Rule    Chile   1991    1996    -       Mar     Sun>=9  3:00u   0       -
1255 1239  Rule    Chile   1991    1997    -       Oct     Sun>=9  4:00u   1:00    S
1256 1240  Rule    Chile   1997    only    -       Mar     30      3:00u   0       -
1257 1241  Rule    Chile   1998    only    -       Mar     Sun>=9  3:00u   0       -
1258 1242  Rule    Chile   1998    only    -       Sep     27      4:00u   1:00    S
1259 1243  Rule    Chile   1999    only    -       Apr      4      3:00u   0       -
1260 1244  Rule    Chile   1999    2010    -       Oct     Sun>=9  4:00u   1:00    S
1261 1245  Rule    Chile   2000    2007    -       Mar     Sun>=9  3:00u   0       -
1262 1246  # N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
1263 1247  # which is used below in specifying the transition.
1264 1248  Rule    Chile   2008    only    -       Mar     30      3:00u   0       -
1265 1249  Rule    Chile   2009    only    -       Mar     Sun>=9  3:00u   0       -
1266 1250  Rule    Chile   2010    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1  3:00u   0       -
1267 1251  Rule    Chile   2011    only    -       May     Sun>=2  3:00u   0       -
  
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1268 1252  Rule    Chile   2011    only    -       Aug     Sun>=16 4:00u   1:00    S
1269 1253  Rule    Chile   2012    2014    -       Apr     Sun>=23 3:00u   0       -
1270 1254  Rule    Chile   2012    2014    -       Sep     Sun>=2  4:00u   1:00    S
1271 1255  Rule    Chile   2016    max     -       May     Sun>=9  3:00u   0       -
1272 1256  Rule    Chile   2016    max     -       Aug     Sun>=9  4:00u   1:00    S
1273 1257  # IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
1274 1258  # (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
1275 1259  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1276 1260  Zone America/Santiago   -4:42:46 -      LMT     1890
1277 1261                          -4:42:46 -      SMT     1910 Jan 10 # Santiago Mean Time
1278      -                        -5:00   -       CLT     1916 Jul  1 # Chile Time
     1262 +                        -5:00   -       -05     1916 Jul  1
1279 1263                          -4:42:46 -      SMT     1918 Sep 10
1280      -                        -4:00   -       CLT     1919 Jul  1
     1264 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1919 Jul  1
1281 1265                          -4:42:46 -      SMT     1927 Sep  1
1282      -                        -5:00   Chile   CL%sT   1932 Sep  1
1283      -                        -4:00   -       CLT     1942 Jun  1
1284      -                        -5:00   -       CLT     1942 Aug  1
1285      -                        -4:00   -       CLT     1946 Jul 15
1286      -                        -4:00   1:00    CLST    1946 Sep  1 # central Chile
1287      -                        -4:00   -       CLT     1947 Apr  1
1288      -                        -5:00   -       CLT     1947 May 21 23:00
1289      -                        -4:00   Chile   CL%sT
     1266 +                        -5:00   Chile   -05/-04 1932 Sep  1
     1267 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1942 Jun  1
     1268 +                        -5:00   -       -05     1942 Aug  1
     1269 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1946 Jul 15
     1270 +                        -4:00   1:00    -03     1946 Sep  1 # central Chile
     1271 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1947 Apr  1
     1272 +                        -5:00   -       -05     1947 May 21 23:00
     1273 +                        -4:00   Chile   -04/-03
     1274 +Zone America/Punta_Arenas -4:43:40 -    LMT     1890
     1275 +                        -4:42:46 -      SMT     1910 Jan 10
     1276 +                        -5:00   -       -05     1916 Jul  1
     1277 +                        -4:42:46 -      SMT     1918 Sep 10
     1278 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1919 Jul  1
     1279 +                        -4:42:46 -      SMT     1927 Sep  1
     1280 +                        -5:00   Chile   -05/-04 1932 Sep  1
     1281 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1942 Jun  1
     1282 +                        -5:00   -       -05     1942 Aug  1
     1283 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1947 Apr  1
     1284 +                        -5:00   -       -05     1947 May 21 23:00
     1285 +                        -4:00   Chile   -04/-03 2016 Dec  4
     1286 +                        -3:00   -       -03
1290 1287  Zone Pacific/Easter     -7:17:28 -      LMT     1890
1291 1288                          -7:17:28 -      EMT     1932 Sep    # Easter Mean Time
1292      -                        -7:00   Chile   EAS%sT  1982 Mar 14 3:00u # Easter Time
1293      -                        -6:00   Chile   EAS%sT
     1289 +                        -7:00   Chile   -07/-06 1982 Mar 14 3:00u # Easter Time
     1290 +                        -6:00   Chile   -06/-05
1294 1291  #
1295 1292  # Salas y Gómez Island is uninhabited.
1296 1293  # Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is,
1297 1294  # and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
1298 1295  
1299 1296  # Antarctic base using South American rules
1300 1297  # (See the file 'antarctica' for more.)
1301 1298  #
1302 1299  # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
1303 1300  #
1304 1301  # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
1305 1302  # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
1306 1303  # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
1307 1304  # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
1308 1305  # Palmer has followed Chile.  Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
1309 1306  # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
1310 1307  #
1311 1308  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1312 1309  Zone Antarctica/Palmer  0       -       -00     1965
1313      -                        -4:00   Arg     AR%sT   1969 Oct  5
1314      -                        -3:00   Arg     AR%sT   1982 May
1315      -                        -4:00   Chile   CL%sT
     1310 +                        -4:00   Arg     -04/-03 1969 Oct  5
     1311 +                        -3:00   Arg     -03/-02 1982 May
     1312 +                        -4:00   Chile   -04/-03 2016 Dec  4
     1313 +                        -3:00   -       -03
1316 1314  
1317 1315  # Colombia
1318 1316  
1319 1317  # Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899; round to nearest.  He writes,
1320 1318  # "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare."
1321 1319  
1322 1320  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1323 1321  Rule    CO      1992    only    -       May      3      0:00    1:00    S
1324 1322  Rule    CO      1993    only    -       Apr      4      0:00    0       -
1325 1323  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1326 1324  Zone    America/Bogota  -4:56:16 -      LMT     1884 Mar 13
1327 1325                          -4:56:16 -      BMT     1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
1328      -                        -5:00   CO      CO%sT   # Colombia Time
     1326 +                        -5:00   CO      -05/-04
1329 1327  # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
1330 1328  # no information; probably like America/Bogota
1331 1329  
1332 1330  # Curaçao
1333 1331  
1334 1332  # Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest.
1335 1333  #
1336 1334  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1337 1335  # Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
1338 1336  # -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
1339 1337  # Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
1340 1338  # 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01.  The former is dubious, since S&P also say
1341 1339  # Saba Island has been like Curaçao.
  
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1342 1340  # This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
1343 1341  #
1344 1342  # By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become
1345 1343  # associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
1346 1344  # Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
1347 1345  # Netherlands as Kingdom Islands.  This won't affect their time zones
1348 1346  # though, as far as we know.
1349 1347  #
1350 1348  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1351 1349  Zone    America/Curacao -4:35:47 -      LMT     1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
1352      -                        -4:30   -       ANT     1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
     1350 +                        -4:30   -       -0430   1965
1353 1351                          -4:00   -       AST
1354 1352  
1355 1353  # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
1356 1354  # use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
1357 1355  # The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen characters
1358 1356  # and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
1359 1357  
1360 1358  Link    America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes   # Sint Maarten
1361 1359  Link    America/Curacao America/Kralendijk      # Caribbean Netherlands
1362 1360  
1363 1361  # Ecuador
1364 1362  #
1365 1363  # Milne says the Central and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
1366 1364  #
1367      -# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-04):
1368      -# Apparently Ecuador had a failed experiment with DST in 1992.
1369      -# <http://midena.gov.ec/content/view/1261/208/> (2007-02-27) and
1370      -# <http://www.hoy.com.ec/NoticiaNue.asp?row_id=249856> (2006-11-06) both
1371      -# talk about "hora Sixto".  Leave this alone for now, as we have no data.
     1365 +# From Alois Treindl (2016-12-15):
     1366 +# http://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/hora-sixto-1993.html
     1367 +# ... Whether the law applied also to Galápagos, I do not know.
     1368 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-15):
     1369 +# http://www.elcomercio.com/afull/modificacion-husohorario-ecuador-presidentes-decreto.html
     1370 +# This says President Sixto Durán Ballén signed decree No. 285, which
     1371 +# established DST from 1992-11-28 to 1993-02-05; it does not give transition
     1372 +# times.  The people called it "hora de Sixto" ("Sixto hour").  The change did
     1373 +# not go over well; a popular song "Qué hora es" by Jaime Guevara had lyrics
     1374 +# that included "Amanecía en mitad de la noche, los guaguas iban a clase sin
     1375 +# sol" ("It was dawning in the middle of the night, the buses went to class
     1376 +# without sun").  Although Ballén's campaign slogan was "Ni un paso atrás"
     1377 +# (Not one step back), the clocks went back in 1993 and the experiment was not
     1378 +# repeated.  For now, assume transitions were at 00:00 local time country-wide.
1372 1379  #
     1380 +# Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
     1381 +Rule    Ecuador 1992    only    -       Nov     28      0:00    1:00    S
     1382 +Rule    Ecuador 1993    only    -       Feb      5      0:00    0       -
     1383 +#
1373 1384  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1374 1385  Zone America/Guayaquil  -5:19:20 -      LMT     1890
1375 1386                          -5:14:00 -      QMT     1931 # Quito Mean Time
1376      -                        -5:00   -       ECT     # Ecuador Time
     1387 +                        -5:00   Ecuador -05/-04
1377 1388  Zone Pacific/Galapagos  -5:58:24 -      LMT     1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
1378      -                        -5:00   -       ECT     1986
1379      -                        -6:00   -       GALT    # Galápagos Time
     1389 +                        -5:00   -       -05     1986
     1390 +                        -6:00   Ecuador -06/-05
1380 1391  
1381 1392  # Falklands
1382 1393  
1383 1394  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1384 1395  # Between 1990 and 2000 inclusive, Shanks & Pottenger and the IATA agree except
1385 1396  # the IATA gives 1996-09-08.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1386 1397  
1387 1398  # From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
1388 1399  # via Jesper Nørgaard:
1389 1400  # ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
1390 1401  # April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
1391 1402  # September.  It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
1392 1403  # am on Sunday 21 April 2002 and advance to summer time at 2 am on
1393 1404  # Sunday 1 September.
1394 1405  
1395 1406  # From Rives McDow (2001-02-13):
1396 1407  #
1397 1408  # I have communicated several times with people there, and the last
1398 1409  # time I had communications that was helpful was in 1998.  Here is
1399 1410  # what was said then:
1400 1411  #
1401 1412  # "The general rule was that Stanley used daylight saving and the Camp
1402 1413  # did not. However for various reasons many people in the Camp have
1403 1414  # started to use daylight saving (known locally as 'Stanley Time')
1404 1415  # There is no rule as to who uses daylight saving - it is a matter of
1405 1416  # personal choice and so it is impossible to draw a map showing who
1406 1417  # uses it and who does not. Any list would be out of date as soon as
1407 1418  # it was produced. This year daylight saving ended on April 18/19th
1408 1419  # and started again on September 12/13th.  I do not know what the rule
1409 1420  # is, but can find out if you like.  We do not change at the same time
1410 1421  # as UK or Chile."
1411 1422  #
1412 1423  # I did have in my notes that the rule was "Second Saturday in Sep at
1413 1424  # 0:00 until third Saturday in Apr at 0:00".  I think that this does
1414 1425  # not agree in some cases with Shanks; is this true?
1415 1426  #
1416 1427  # Also, there is no mention in the list that some areas in the
1417 1428  # Falklands do not use DST.  I have found in my communications there
1418 1429  # that these areas are on the western half of East Falkland and all of
1419 1430  # West Falkland.  Stanley is the only place that consistently observes
1420 1431  # DST.  Again, as in other places in the world, the farmers don't like
1421 1432  # it.  West Falkland is almost entirely sheep farmers.
1422 1433  #
1423 1434  # I know one lady there that keeps a list of which farm keeps DST and
1424 1435  # which doesn't each year.  She runs a shop in Stanley, and says that
1425 1436  # the list changes each year.  She uses it to communicate to her
1426 1437  # customers, catching them when they are home for lunch or dinner.
1427 1438  
1428 1439  # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
1429 1440  # For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no
1430 1441  # better info.
1431 1442  
1432 1443  # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-04-01):
1433 1444  # The Falkland Islands will not turn back clocks this winter, but stay on
1434 1445  # daylight saving time.
1435 1446  #
1436 1447  # One source:
1437 1448  # http://www.falklandnews.com/public/story.cfm?get=5914&source=3
1438 1449  #
1439 1450  # We have gotten this confirmed by a clerk of the legislative assembly:
1440 1451  # Normally the clocks revert to Local Mean Time (UTC/GMT -4 hours) on the
1441 1452  # third Sunday of April at 0200hrs and advance to Summer Time (UTC/GMT -3
1442 1453  # hours) on the first Sunday of September at 0200hrs.
1443 1454  #
1444 1455  # IMPORTANT NOTE: During 2011, on a trial basis, the Falkland Islands
1445 1456  # will not revert to local mean time, but clocks will remain on Summer
1446 1457  # time (UTC/GMT - 3 hours) throughout the whole of 2011.  Any long term
1447 1458  # change to local time following the trial period will be notified.
1448 1459  #
1449 1460  # From Andrew Newman (2012-02-24)
1450 1461  # A letter from Justin McPhee, Chief Executive,
1451 1462  # Cable & Wireless Falkland Islands (dated 2012-02-22)
1452 1463  # states...
1453 1464  #   The current Atlantic/Stanley entry under South America expects the
1454 1465  #   clocks to go back to standard Falklands Time (FKT) on the 15th April.
1455 1466  #   The database entry states that in 2011 Stanley was staying on fixed
1456 1467  #   summer time on a trial basis only.  FIG need to contact IANA and/or
1457 1468  #   the maintainers of the database to inform them we're adopting
1458 1469  #   the same policy this year and suggest recommendations for future years.
1459 1470  #
1460 1471  # For now we will assume permanent summer time for the Falklands
1461 1472  # until advised differently (to apply for 2012 and beyond, after the 2011
1462 1473  # experiment was apparently successful.)
1463 1474  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1464 1475  Rule    Falk    1937    1938    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
1465 1476  Rule    Falk    1938    1942    -       Mar     Sun>=19 0:00    0       -
1466 1477  Rule    Falk    1939    only    -       Oct     1       0:00    1:00    S
1467 1478  Rule    Falk    1940    1942    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
1468 1479  Rule    Falk    1943    only    -       Jan     1       0:00    0       -
  
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1469 1480  Rule    Falk    1983    only    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
1470 1481  Rule    Falk    1984    1985    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    0       -
1471 1482  Rule    Falk    1984    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    1:00    S
1472 1483  Rule    Falk    1985    2000    -       Sep     Sun>=9  0:00    1:00    S
1473 1484  Rule    Falk    1986    2000    -       Apr     Sun>=16 0:00    0       -
1474 1485  Rule    Falk    2001    2010    -       Apr     Sun>=15 2:00    0       -
1475 1486  Rule    Falk    2001    2010    -       Sep     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    S
1476 1487  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1477 1488  Zone Atlantic/Stanley   -3:51:24 -      LMT     1890
1478 1489                          -3:51:24 -      SMT     1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
1479      -                        -4:00   Falk    FK%sT   1983 May    # Falkland Is Time
1480      -                        -3:00   Falk    FK%sT   1985 Sep 15
1481      -                        -4:00   Falk    FK%sT   2010 Sep  5  2:00
1482      -                        -3:00   -       FKST
     1490 +                        -4:00   Falk    -04/-03 1983 May
     1491 +                        -3:00   Falk    -03/-02 1985 Sep 15
     1492 +                        -4:00   Falk    -04/-03 2010 Sep  5  2:00
     1493 +                        -3:00   -       -03
1483 1494  
1484 1495  # French Guiana
1485 1496  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1486 1497  Zone America/Cayenne    -3:29:20 -      LMT     1911 Jul
1487      -                        -4:00   -       GFT     1967 Oct # French Guiana Time
1488      -                        -3:00   -       GFT
     1498 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1967 Oct
     1499 +                        -3:00   -       -03
1489 1500  
1490 1501  # Guyana
1491 1502  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1492 1503  Zone    America/Guyana  -3:52:40 -      LMT     1915 Mar    # Georgetown
1493      -                        -3:45   -       GBGT    1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
1494      -                        -3:45   -       GYT     1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
1495      -                        -3:00   -       GYT     1991
     1504 +                        -3:45   -       -0345   1975 Jul 31
     1505 +                        -3:00   -       -03     1991
1496 1506  # IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00.  Assume a 1991 switch.
1497      -                        -4:00   -       GYT
     1507 +                        -4:00   -       -04
1498 1508  
1499 1509  # Paraguay
1500 1510  #
1501 1511  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1502 1512  # Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are 01:00 -> 02:00,
1503 1513  # and autumn transitions are 00:00 -> 23:00.  Go with pre-1999
1504 1514  # editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
1505 1515  #
1506 1516  # From Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo (2013-09-20):
1507 1517  # No time of the day is established for the adjustment, so people normally
1508 1518  # adjust their clocks at 0 hour of the given dates.
1509 1519  #
1510 1520  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1511 1521  Rule    Para    1975    1988    -       Oct      1      0:00    1:00    S
1512 1522  Rule    Para    1975    1978    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
1513 1523  Rule    Para    1979    1991    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
1514 1524  Rule    Para    1989    only    -       Oct     22      0:00    1:00    S
1515 1525  Rule    Para    1990    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    1:00    S
1516 1526  Rule    Para    1991    only    -       Oct      6      0:00    1:00    S
1517 1527  Rule    Para    1992    only    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
1518 1528  Rule    Para    1992    only    -       Oct      5      0:00    1:00    S
1519 1529  Rule    Para    1993    only    -       Mar     31      0:00    0       -
1520 1530  Rule    Para    1993    1995    -       Oct      1      0:00    1:00    S
1521 1531  Rule    Para    1994    1995    -       Feb     lastSun 0:00    0       -
1522 1532  Rule    Para    1996    only    -       Mar      1      0:00    0       -
1523 1533  # IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10; ignore this for now.
1524 1534  # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-02):
1525 1535  # I have three independent reports that Paraguay changed to DST this Sunday
1526 1536  # (10-01).
1527 1537  #
1528 1538  # Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
1529 1539  # Noticias, a daily paper in Asunción, Paraguay (2000-10-01):
1530 1540  # http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm
1531 1541  # Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
1532 1542  # fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power....  The time change
1533 1543  # system has been operating for several years.  Formerly there was a separate
1534 1544  # decree each year; the new law has the same effect, but permanently.  Every
1535 1545  # year, the time will change on the first Sunday of October; likewise, the
1536 1546  # clock will be set back on the first Sunday of March.
1537 1547  #
1538 1548  Rule    Para    1996    2001    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    S
1539 1549  # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1540 1550  Rule    Para    1997    only    -       Feb     lastSun 0:00    0       -
1541 1551  # Shanks & Pottenger say 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but
1542 1552  # (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27).
1543 1553  Rule    Para    1998    2001    -       Mar     Sun>=1  0:00    0       -
1544 1554  # From Rives McDow (2002-02-28):
1545 1555  # A decree was issued in Paraguay (No. 16350) on 2002-02-26 that changed the
1546 1556  # dst method to be from the first Sunday in September to the first Sunday in
1547 1557  # April.
1548 1558  Rule    Para    2002    2004    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00    0       -
1549 1559  Rule    Para    2002    2003    -       Sep     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    S
1550 1560  #
1551 1561  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
1552 1562  # There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
1553 1563  # a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
1554 1564  # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
1555 1565  # Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05)
1556 1566  # From Carlos Raúl Perasso via Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
1557 1567  # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/decretos/D1867.pdf
1558 1568  Rule    Para    2004    2009    -       Oct     Sun>=15 0:00    1:00    S
1559 1569  Rule    Para    2005    2009    -       Mar     Sun>=8  0:00    0       -
1560 1570  # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2010-02-18):
1561 1571  # By decree number 3958 issued yesterday
1562 1572  # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf
1563 1573  # Paraguay changes its DST schedule, postponing the March rule to April and
1564 1574  # modifying the October date. The decree reads:
1565 1575  # ...
1566 1576  # Art. 1. It is hereby established that from the second Sunday of the month of
1567 1577  # April of this year (2010), the official time is to be set back 60 minutes,
1568 1578  # and that on the first Sunday of the month of October, it is to be set
1569 1579  # forward 60 minutes, in all the territory of the Paraguayan Republic.
1570 1580  # ...
1571 1581  Rule    Para    2010    max     -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    S
1572 1582  Rule    Para    2010    2012    -       Apr     Sun>=8  0:00    0       -
1573 1583  #
1574 1584  # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-07):
1575 1585  # Paraguay will end DST on 2013-03-24 00:00....
1576 1586  # http://www.ande.gov.py/interna.php?id=1075
1577 1587  #
1578 1588  # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2013-03-15):
  
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1579 1589  # The change in Paraguay is now final.  Decree number 10780
1580 1590  # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/uploads/pdf/presidencia-3b86ff4b691c79d4f5927ca964922ec74772ce857c02ca054a52a37b49afc7fb.pdf
1581 1591  # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2014-02-28):
1582 1592  # Decree 1264 can be found at:
1583 1593  # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/archivos/documentos/DECRETO1264_ey9r8zai.pdf
1584 1594  Rule    Para    2013    max     -       Mar     Sun>=22 0:00    0       -
1585 1595  
1586 1596  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1587 1597  Zone America/Asuncion   -3:50:40 -      LMT     1890
1588 1598                          -3:50:40 -      AMT     1931 Oct 10 # Asunción Mean Time
1589      -                        -4:00   -       PYT     1972 Oct    # Paraguay Time
1590      -                        -3:00   -       PYT     1974 Apr
1591      -                        -4:00   Para    PY%sT
     1599 +                        -4:00   -       -04     1972 Oct
     1600 +                        -3:00   -       -03     1974 Apr
     1601 +                        -4:00   Para    -04/-03
1592 1602  
1593 1603  # Peru
1594 1604  #
1595 1605  # From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26)
1596 1606  # <news:xrGmb.39935$gA1.13896113@news4.srv.hcvlny.cv.net>:
1597 1607  # When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over
1598 1608  # sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon.
1599 1609  #
1600 1610  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1601 1611  # Shanks & Pottenger don't have this transition.  Assume 1986 was like 1987.
1602 1612  
1603 1613  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1604 1614  Rule    Peru    1938    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    1:00    S
1605 1615  Rule    Peru    1938    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
1606 1616  Rule    Peru    1938    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
1607 1617  Rule    Peru    1939    1940    -       Mar     Sun>=24 0:00    0       -
  
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1608 1618  Rule    Peru    1986    1987    -       Jan      1      0:00    1:00    S
1609 1619  Rule    Peru    1986    1987    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
1610 1620  Rule    Peru    1990    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    1:00    S
1611 1621  Rule    Peru    1990    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
1612 1622  # IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1613 1623  Rule    Peru    1994    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    1:00    S
1614 1624  Rule    Peru    1994    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    0       -
1615 1625  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1616 1626  Zone    America/Lima    -5:08:12 -      LMT     1890
1617 1627                          -5:08:36 -      LMT     1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
1618      -                        -5:00   Peru    PE%sT   # Peru Time
     1628 +                        -5:00   Peru    -05/-04
1619 1629  
1620 1630  # South Georgia
1621 1631  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1622 1632  Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -  LMT     1890 # Grytviken
1623      -                        -2:00   -       GST     # South Georgia Time
     1633 +                        -2:00   -       -02
1624 1634  
1625 1635  # South Sandwich Is
1626 1636  # uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
1627 1637  
1628 1638  # Suriname
1629 1639  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1630 1640  Zone America/Paramaribo -3:40:40 -      LMT     1911
1631 1641                          -3:40:52 -      PMT     1935     # Paramaribo Mean Time
1632 1642                          -3:40:36 -      PMT     1945 Oct    # The capital moved?
1633      -                        -3:30   -       NEGT    1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
1634      -                        -3:30   -       SRT     1984 Oct    # Suriname Time
1635      -                        -3:00   -       SRT
     1643 +                        -3:30   -       -0330   1984 Oct
     1644 +                        -3:00   -       -03
1636 1645  
1637 1646  # Trinidad and Tobago
1638 1647  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1639 1648  Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 -   LMT     1912 Mar 2
1640 1649                          -4:00   -       AST
1641 1650  
1642 1651  # These all agree with Trinidad and Tobago since 1970.
1643 1652  Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Anguilla
1644 1653  Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Antigua
1645 1654  Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Dominica
1646 1655  Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Grenada
1647 1656  Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe
1648 1657  Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot      # St Martin (French part)
1649 1658  Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Montserrat
1650 1659  Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy # St Barthélemy
1651 1660  Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts     # St Kitts & Nevis
1652 1661  Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia
1653 1662  Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas    # Virgin Islands (US)
1654 1663  Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Vincent
1655 1664  Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Tortola      # Virgin Islands (UK)
1656 1665  
1657 1666  # Uruguay
1658 1667  # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
1659 1668  # Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
1660 1669  # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1661 1670  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1662 1671  # Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1663 1672  Rule    Uruguay 1923    only    -       Oct      2       0:00   0:30    HS
1664 1673  Rule    Uruguay 1924    1926    -       Apr      1       0:00   0       -
1665 1674  Rule    Uruguay 1924    1925    -       Oct      1       0:00   0:30    HS
1666 1675  Rule    Uruguay 1933    1935    -       Oct     lastSun  0:00   0:30    HS
1667 1676  # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 1 0:00 & 1936 Mar 30 0:00; go with Whitman.
1668 1677  Rule    Uruguay 1934    1936    -       Mar     Sat>=25 23:30s  0       -
1669 1678  Rule    Uruguay 1936    only    -       Nov      1       0:00   0:30    HS
1670 1679  Rule    Uruguay 1937    1941    -       Mar     lastSun  0:00   0       -
1671 1680  # Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1672 1681  Rule    Uruguay 1937    1940    -       Oct     lastSun  0:00   0:30    HS
1673 1682  # Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
1674 1683  # and 1943 Apr 13 "to present time"; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1675 1684  Rule    Uruguay 1941    only    -       Aug      1       0:00   0:30    HS
1676 1685  Rule    Uruguay 1942    only    -       Jan      1       0:00   0       -
1677 1686  Rule    Uruguay 1942    only    -       Dec     14       0:00   1:00    S
1678 1687  Rule    Uruguay 1943    only    -       Mar     14       0:00   0       -
1679 1688  Rule    Uruguay 1959    only    -       May     24       0:00   1:00    S
1680 1689  Rule    Uruguay 1959    only    -       Nov     15       0:00   0       -
1681 1690  Rule    Uruguay 1960    only    -       Jan     17       0:00   1:00    S
1682 1691  Rule    Uruguay 1960    only    -       Mar      6       0:00   0       -
1683 1692  Rule    Uruguay 1965    1967    -       Apr     Sun>=1   0:00   1:00    S
1684 1693  Rule    Uruguay 1965    only    -       Sep     26       0:00   0       -
1685 1694  Rule    Uruguay 1966    1967    -       Oct     31       0:00   0       -
1686 1695  Rule    Uruguay 1968    1970    -       May     27       0:00   0:30    HS
1687 1696  Rule    Uruguay 1968    1970    -       Dec      2       0:00   0       -
1688 1697  Rule    Uruguay 1972    only    -       Apr     24       0:00   1:00    S
1689 1698  Rule    Uruguay 1972    only    -       Aug     15       0:00   0       -
1690 1699  Rule    Uruguay 1974    only    -       Mar     10       0:00   0:30    HS
1691 1700  Rule    Uruguay 1974    only    -       Dec     22       0:00   1:00    S
1692 1701  Rule    Uruguay 1976    only    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
1693 1702  Rule    Uruguay 1977    only    -       Dec      4       0:00   1:00    S
1694 1703  Rule    Uruguay 1978    only    -       Apr      1       0:00   0       -
1695 1704  Rule    Uruguay 1979    only    -       Oct      1       0:00   1:00    S
1696 1705  Rule    Uruguay 1980    only    -       May      1       0:00   0       -
1697 1706  Rule    Uruguay 1987    only    -       Dec     14       0:00   1:00    S
1698 1707  Rule    Uruguay 1988    only    -       Mar     14       0:00   0       -
1699 1708  Rule    Uruguay 1988    only    -       Dec     11       0:00   1:00    S
1700 1709  Rule    Uruguay 1989    only    -       Mar     12       0:00   0       -
1701 1710  Rule    Uruguay 1989    only    -       Oct     29       0:00   1:00    S
1702 1711  # Shanks & Pottenger say no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
1703 1712  # and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01.  Go with IATA.
1704 1713  Rule    Uruguay 1990    1992    -       Mar     Sun>=1   0:00   0       -
1705 1714  Rule    Uruguay 1990    1991    -       Oct     Sun>=21  0:00   1:00    S
1706 1715  Rule    Uruguay 1992    only    -       Oct     18       0:00   1:00    S
1707 1716  Rule    Uruguay 1993    only    -       Feb     28       0:00   0       -
1708 1717  # From Eduardo Cota (2004-09-20):
1709 1718  # The Uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
1710 1719  # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/decretos/2004091502.htm
1711 1720  Rule    Uruguay 2004    only    -       Sep     19       0:00   1:00    S
1712 1721  # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-03-11):
1713 1722  # Uruguay's DST was scheduled to end on Sunday, 2005-03-13, but in order to
1714 1723  # save energy ... it was postponed two weeks....
1715 1724  # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/noticias/2005/03/2005031005.htm
1716 1725  Rule    Uruguay 2005    only    -       Mar     27       2:00   0       -
1717 1726  # From Eduardo Cota (2005-09-27):
1718 1727  # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/decretos/2005/09/CM%20119_09%2009%202005_00001.PDF
1719 1728  # This means that from 2005-10-09 at 02:00 local time, until 2006-03-12 at
1720 1729  # 02:00 local time, official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2.
1721 1730  Rule    Uruguay 2005    only    -       Oct      9       2:00   1:00    S
1722 1731  Rule    Uruguay 2006    only    -       Mar     12       2:00   0       -
1723 1732  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
1724 1733  # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_web/decretos/2006/09/CM%20210_08%2006%202006_00001.PDF
1725 1734  #
1726 1735  # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-06-30):
1727 1736  # ... it looks like they will not be using DST the coming summer:
  
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1728 1737  # http://www.elobservador.com.uy/gobierno-resolvio-que-no-habra-cambio-horario-verano-n656787
1729 1738  # http://www.republica.com.uy/este-ano-no-se-modificara-el-huso-horario-en-uruguay/523760/
1730 1739  # From Paul Eggert (2015-06-30):
1731 1740  # Apparently restaurateurs complained that DST caused people to go to the beach
1732 1741  # instead of out to dinner.
1733 1742  # From Pablo Camargo (2015-07-13):
1734 1743  # http://archivo.presidencia.gub.uy/sci/decretos/2015/06/cons_min_201.pdf
1735 1744  # [dated 2015-06-29; repeals Decree 311/006 dated 2006-09-04]
1736 1745  Rule    Uruguay 2006    2014    -       Oct     Sun>=1   2:00   1:00    S
1737 1746  Rule    Uruguay 2007    2015    -       Mar     Sun>=8   2:00   0       -
1738      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
     1747 +
     1748 +# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
1739 1749  Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 -      LMT     1898 Jun 28
1740 1750                          -3:44:44 -      MMT     1920 May  1 # Montevideo MT
1741      -                        -3:30   Uruguay UY%sT   1942 Dec 14 # Uruguay Time
1742      -                        -3:00   Uruguay UY%sT
     1751 +                        -3:30   Uruguay -0330/-03 1942 Dec 14
     1752 +                        -3:00   Uruguay -03/-02 1968
     1753 +                        -3:00   Uruguay -03/-0230 1971
     1754 +                        -3:00   Uruguay -03/-02 1974
     1755 +                        -3:00   Uruguay -03/-0230 1974 Dec 22
     1756 +                        -3:00   Uruguay -03/-02
1743 1757  
1744 1758  # Venezuela
1745 1759  #
1746 1760  # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-28):
1747 1761  # For the 1965 transition see Gaceta Oficial No. 27.619 (1964-12-15), p 205.533
1748 1762  # http://www.pgr.gob.ve/dmdocuments/1964/27619.pdf
1749 1763  #
1750 1764  # From John Stainforth (2007-11-28):
1751 1765  # ... the change for Venezuela originally expected for 2007-12-31 has
1752 1766  # been brought forward to 2007-12-09.  The official announcement was
1753 1767  # published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la República Bolivariana
1754 1768  # de Venezuela, número 38.819" (official document for all laws or
1755 1769  # resolution publication)
1756 1770  # http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=72208
1757 1771  
1758 1772  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-04-15):
1759 1773  # https://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/204758-venezuela-modificar-huso-horario-sequia-elnino
1760 1774  #
1761 1775  # From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
1762 1776  # Clocks advance 30 minutes on 2016-05-01 at 02:30....
1763 1777  # "'Venezuela's new time-zone: hours without light, hours without water,
1764 1778  # hours of presidential broadcasts, hours of lines,' quipped comedian
1765 1779  # Jean Mary Curró ...". See: Cawthorne A, Kai D. Venezuela scraps
  
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1766 1780  # half-hour time difference set by Chavez. Reuters 2016-04-15 14:50 -0400
1767 1781  # http://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-timezone-idUSKCN0XC2BE
1768 1782  #
1769 1783  # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-20):
1770 1784  # ... published in the official Gazette [2016-04-18], here:
1771 1785  # http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/gaceta_ext/abril/1842016/E-1842016-4551.pdf
1772 1786  
1773 1787  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1774 1788  Zone    America/Caracas -4:27:44 -      LMT     1890
1775 1789                          -4:27:40 -      CMT     1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
1776      -                        -4:30   -       VET     1965 Jan  1  0:00 # Venezuela T.
1777      -                        -4:00   -       VET     2007 Dec  9  3:00
1778      -                        -4:30   -       VET     2016 May  1  2:30
1779      -                        -4:00   -       VET
     1790 +                        -4:30   -       -0430   1965 Jan  1  0:00
     1791 +                        -4:00   -       -04     2007 Dec  9  3:00
     1792 +                        -4:30   -       -0430   2016 May  1  2:30
     1793 +                        -4:00   -       -04
    
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