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          --- old/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/northamerica
          +++ new/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/northamerica
   1    1  # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
   2    2  # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
   3    3  
   4    4  # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
   5    5  
   6    6  # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
   7    7  # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
   8    8  # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
   9    9  # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
  10   10  
  11   11  # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
  12   12  # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  13   13  # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  14   14  
  15   15  ###############################################################################
  16   16  
  17   17  # United States
  18   18  
  19   19  # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
  20   20  # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
  21   21  # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
  22   22  # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
  23   23  # His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
  24   24  # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
  25   25  # in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
  26   26  # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
  27   27  
  28   28  # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-21):
  29   29  # Dowd's proposal left many details unresolved, such as where to draw
  30   30  # lines between time zones.  The key individual who made time zones
  31   31  # work in the US was William Frederick Allen - railway engineer,
  32   32  # managing editor of the Travelers' Guide, and secretary of the
  33   33  # General Time Convention, a railway standardization group.  Allen
  34   34  # spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders,
  35   35  # developed a workable plan to institute time zones, and presented it
  36   36  # to the General Time Convention on 1883-04-11, saying that his plan
  37   37  # meant "local time would be practically abolished" - a plus for
  38   38  # railway scheduling.  By the next convention on 1883-10-11 nearly all
  39   39  # railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883-11-18 at 12:00.
  40   40  # That Sunday was called the "day of two noons", as the eastern parts
  41   41  # of the new zones observed noon twice.  Allen witnessed the
  42   42  # transition in New York City, writing:
  43   43  #
  44   44  #   I heard the bells of St. Paul's strike on the old time.  Four
  45   45  #   minutes later, obedient to the electrical signal from the Naval
  46   46  #   Observatory ... the time-ball made its rapid descent, the chimes
  47   47  #   of old Trinity rang twelve measured strokes, and local time was
  48   48  #   abandoned, probably forever.
  49   49  #
  50   50  # Most of the US soon followed suit.  See:
  51   51  # Bartky IR. The adoption of standard time. Technol Cult 1989 Jan;30(1):25-56.
  52   52  # http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105430
  53   53  
  54   54  # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
  55   55  # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
  56   56  # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
  57   57  
  58   58  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
  59   59  # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
  60   60  # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
  61   61  # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
  62   62  # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
  63   63  # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
  64   64  
  65   65  # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
  66   66  # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
  67   67  # in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
  68   68  # of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
  69   69  # Not everyone is happy with the results:
  70   70  #
  71   71  #       I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
  72   72  #       agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
  73   73  #       daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
  74   74  #       I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
  75   75  #       valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen.  As an admirer
  76   76  #       of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
  77   77  #       reduce my time for enjoying it.  At the back of the Daylight Saving
  78   78  #       scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
  79   79  #       to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
  80   80  #       them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
  81   81  #
  82   82  #        -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
  83   83  #          Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
  84   84  #
  85   85  # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
  86   86  # Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
  87   87  # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
  88   88  # http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
  89   89  #
  90   90  # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
  91   91  # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
  92   92  # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
  93   93  # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
  94   94  
  95   95  # From Arthur David Olson:
  96   96  # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
  97   97  # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
  98   98  # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
  99   99  
 100  100  # From Arthur David Olson:
 101  101  # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
 102  102  # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
 103  103  
 104  104  # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
 105  105  # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
 106  106  # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
 107  107  # An AltaVista search turned up:
 108  108  # http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
 109  109  # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
 110  110  # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
 111  111  # (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
 112  112  
 113  113  # From Joseph Gallant citing
 114  114  # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
 115  115  # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
 116  116  # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
 117  117  # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
 118  118  # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
 119  119  # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
 120  120  # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
 121  121  # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
 122  122  
 123  123  # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout.  From
 124  124  # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
 125  125  #
 126  126  # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
 127  127  # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
 128  128  # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
 129  129  # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
 130  130  # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
 131  131  # importance."
 132  132  #
 133  133  # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
 134  134  # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
 135  135  # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
 136  136  # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
 137  137  #
 138  138  # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
 139  139  
 140  140  # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
 141  141  # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
 142  142  # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
 143  143  # U.S. government action.  So even though the "US" rules have changed
 144  144  # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
 145  145  
 146  146  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 147  147  Rule    US      1918    1919    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 148  148  Rule    US      1918    1919    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 149  149  Rule    US      1942    only    -       Feb     9       2:00    1:00    W # War
 150  150  Rule    US      1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
 151  151  Rule    US      1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 152  152  Rule    US      1967    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 153  153  Rule    US      1967    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 154  154  Rule    US      1974    only    -       Jan     6       2:00    1:00    D
 155  155  Rule    US      1975    only    -       Feb     23      2:00    1:00    D
 156  156  Rule    US      1976    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 157  157  Rule    US      1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
 158  158  Rule    US      2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
 159  159  Rule    US      2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S
 160  160  
 161  161  # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
 162  162  # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
 163  163  # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
 164  164  # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
 165  165  # this time zone package.
 166  166  # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
 167  167  # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
 168  168  # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
 169  169  # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
 170  170  # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
  
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 171  171  
 172  172  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 173  173  Zone    EST              -5:00  -       EST
 174  174  Zone    MST              -7:00  -       MST
 175  175  Zone    HST             -10:00  -       HST
 176  176  Zone    EST5EDT          -5:00  US      E%sT
 177  177  Zone    CST6CDT          -6:00  US      C%sT
 178  178  Zone    MST7MDT          -7:00  US      M%sT
 179  179  Zone    PST8PDT          -8:00  US      P%sT
 180  180  
 181      -# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 182      -# ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
 183      -#    old                         new
 184      -#    Pacific Standard Time(PST)  -same-
 185      -#    Yukon Standard Time(YST)    -same-
 186      -#    Central Alaska S.T. (CAT)   Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
 187      -#    Nome Standard Time (NT)     Bering Standard Time (BST)
 188      -#
 189      -# ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
 190      -#    The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
 191      -#    of the Aleutian islands.   No DST.
 192      -
 193      -# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 194      -# The tables below use 'NST', not 'NT', for Nome Standard Time.
 195      -# I invented 'CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
 196      -
 197  181  # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 198  182  # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
 199  183  # USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 200  184  # USA  CENTRAL       6 H  BEHIND UTC    CHICAGO, HOUSTON
 201  185  # USA  CENTRAL       5 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 202  186  # USA  MOUNTAIN      7 H  BEHIND UTC    DENVER
 203  187  # USA  MOUNTAIN      6 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 204  188  # USA  PACIFIC       8 H  BEHIND UTC    L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
 205  189  # USA  PACIFIC       7 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 206  190  # USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
 207  191  # USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
 208  192  # USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
 209  193  # USA    "           9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 210  194  # USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
 211  195  # USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY
 212  196  
 213  197  # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
 214  198  # The above dates are for 1988.
 215  199  # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
 216  200  # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
 217  201  # Aleutians.
 218  202  
 219  203  # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 220  204  # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
 221  205  # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward.  First, names
 222  206  # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
 223  207  # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
 224  208  #       (none)
 225  209  #       United States standard eastern time
 226  210  #       United States standard mountain time
 227  211  #       United States standard central time
 228  212  #       United States standard Pacific time
 229  213  #       (none)
 230  214  #       United States standard Alaska time
 231  215  #       (none)
 232  216  # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
 233  217  # public law 98-181):
 234  218  #       Atlantic standard time
 235  219  #       eastern standard time
 236  220  #       central standard time
 237  221  #       mountain standard time
 238  222  #       Pacific standard time
 239  223  #       Yukon standard time
 240  224  #       Alaska-Hawaii standard time
 241  225  #       Bering standard time
 242  226  # And after 1983-11-30:
  
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 243  227  #       Atlantic standard time
 244  228  #       eastern standard time
 245  229  #       central standard time
 246  230  #       mountain standard time
 247  231  #       Pacific standard time
 248  232  #       Alaska standard time
 249  233  #       Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
 250  234  #       Samoa standard time
 251  235  # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
 252  236  #
      237 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-19):
      238 +# Here are URLs for the 1918 and 1966 legislation:
      239 +# http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=40&page=451
      240 +# http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=80&page=108
      241 +# Although the 1918 names were officially "United States Standard
      242 +# Eastern Time" and similarly for "Central", "Mountain", "Pacific",
      243 +# and "Alaska", in practice "Standard" was placed just before "Time",
      244 +# as codified in 1966.  In practice, Alaska time was abbreviated "AST"
      245 +# before 1968.  Summarizing the 1967 name changes:
      246 +#       1918 names                      1967 names
      247 +#  -08  Standard Pacific Time (PST)     Pacific standard time (PST)
      248 +#  -09  (unofficial) Yukon (YST)        Yukon standard time (YST)
      249 +#  -10  Standard Alaska Time (AST)      Alaska-Hawaii standard time (AHST)
      250 +#  -11  (unofficial) Nome (NST)         Bering standard time (BST)
      251 +#
 253  252  # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
 254  253  # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced ... "Chamorro Standard Time"
 255  254  # for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.  See the file "australasia".
 256  255  #
 257  256  # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-17):
 258  257  # HST and HDT are standardized abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian
 259  258  # standard and daylight times.  See section 9.47 (p 234) of the
 260  259  # U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008)
 261  260  # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008/pdf/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008.pdf
 262  261  
 263  262  # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
 264  263  # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
 265  264  #
 266  265  # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
 267  266  #   (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
 268  267  #   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
 269  268  #     (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
 270  269  #     Sunday of March"; and
 271  270  #     (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
 272  271  #     Sunday of November'.
 273  272  #   (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
 274  273  #   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
 275  274  #   (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
 276  275  #   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
 277  276  #   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
 278  277  #   States.
 279  278  #   (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
 280  279  #   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
 281  280  #   Department study is complete.
 282  281  
 283  282  # US eastern time, represented by New York
 284  283  
 285  284  # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
 286  285  # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
 287  286  # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
 288  287  # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
 289  288  # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
 290  289  # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
 291  290  
 292  291  # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
 293  292  # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
 294  293  # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
 295  294  # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
 296  295  # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
 297  296  # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
  
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 298  297  
 299  298  # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
 300  299  # According to today's Huntsville Times
 301  300  # http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
 302  301  # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
 303  302  # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
 304  303  # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
 305  304  # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
 306  305  # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
 307  306  # in Columbus."
      307 +#
      308 +# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
      309 +# Four cities are involved.  The two not mentioned above are Smiths Station
      310 +# and Valley.  Barbara Brooks, Valley's assistant treasurer, heard it started
      311 +# because West Point Pepperell textile mills were in Alabama while the
      312 +# corporate office was in Georgia, and residents voted to keep Eastern
      313 +# time even after the mills closed.  See: Kazek K. Did you know which
      314 +# Alabama towns are in a different time zone?  al.com 2017-02-06.
      315 +# http://www.al.com/living/index.ssf/2017/02/do_you_know_which_alabama_town.html
 308  316  
 309  317  # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
 310  318  # Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
 311  319  # says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
 312  320  # Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch.  Round to the
 313  321  # nearest second.
 314  322  
 315  323  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 316  324  Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 317  325  Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 318  326  Rule    NYC     1921    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 319  327  Rule    NYC     1921    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 320  328  Rule    NYC     1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 321  329  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 322  330  Zone America/New_York   -4:56:02 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
 323  331                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1920
 324  332                          -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1942
 325  333                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1946
 326  334                          -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1967
 327  335                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 328  336  
 329  337  # US central time, represented by Chicago
 330  338  
 331  339  # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
 332  340  # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
 333  341  # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
 334  342  # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 335  343  # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
 336  344  # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
 337  345  # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
 338  346  # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
 339  347  
 340  348  # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
 341  349  # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
 342  350  # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change.  Because the local
 343  351  # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
 344  352  # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
 345  353  # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
 346  354  #
 347  355  # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
 348  356  # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
 349  357  # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
 350  358  # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
 351  359  
 352  360  # From an email administrator of the City of Fort Pierre, SD (2015-12-21):
 353  361  # Fort Pierre is technically located in the Mountain time zone as is
 354  362  # the rest of Stanley County.  Most of Stanley County and Fort Pierre
 355  363  # uses the Central time zone due to doing most of their business in
 356  364  # Pierre so it simplifies schedules.  I have lived in Stanley County
 357  365  # all my life and it has been that way since I can remember.  (43 years!)
 358  366  #
 359  367  # From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25):
 360  368  # Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago.
 361  369  
 362  370  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 363  371  Rule    Chicago 1920    only    -       Jun     13      2:00    1:00    D
 364  372  Rule    Chicago 1920    1921    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 365  373  Rule    Chicago 1921    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 366  374  Rule    Chicago 1922    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 367  375  Rule    Chicago 1922    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 368  376  Rule    Chicago 1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 369  377  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 370  378  Zone America/Chicago    -5:50:36 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
 371  379                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
 372  380                          -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1936 Mar  1  2:00
 373  381                          -5:00   -       EST     1936 Nov 15  2:00
 374  382                          -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1942
 375  383                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 376  384                          -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1967
 377  385                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 378  386  # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
 379  387  Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
 380  388                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1992 Oct 25  2:00
 381  389                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 382  390  # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
 383  391  # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
 384  392  # See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
 385  393  # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
 386  394  # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
 387  395  # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
 388  396  # See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
 389  397  Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT      1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
 390  398                          -7:00   US      M%sT    2003 Oct 26  2:00
 391  399                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 392  400  
 393  401  # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
 394  402  # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
 395  403  # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
 396  404  # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
 397  405  # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
 398  406  # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
 399  407  
 400  408  # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
 401  409  # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
 402  410  # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
 403  411  # largest city in Mercer County).  Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
 404  412  # at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset
 405  413  # of 6h47'07".
 406  414  
 407  415  Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
 408  416                          -7:00   US      M%sT    2010 Nov  7  2:00
 409  417                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 410  418  
 411  419  # US mountain time, represented by Denver
 412  420  #
 413  421  # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
 414  422  # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
 415  423  # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
 416  424  # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
 417  425  # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
 418  426  #
 419  427  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 420  428  Rule    Denver  1920    1921    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 421  429  Rule    Denver  1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 422  430  Rule    Denver  1921    only    -       May     22      2:00    0       S
 423  431  Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 424  432  Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 425  433  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 426  434  Zone America/Denver     -6:59:56 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
 427  435                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1920
 428  436                          -7:00   Denver  M%sT    1942
 429  437                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1946
 430  438                          -7:00   Denver  M%sT    1967
 431  439                          -7:00   US      M%sT
 432  440  
 433  441  # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
 434  442  #
 435  443  # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
 436  444  # Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
 437  445  # north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
 438  446  # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern 3/4 of
 439  447  # Malheur county), and Washington
 440  448  
 441  449  # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20):
 442  450  # In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage,
 443  451  # PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours,
 444  452  # causing electric clocks to lose six minutes per day.  (This did not change
 445  453  # legal time, and is not part of the data here.)  See:
 446  454  # Ross SA. An energy crisis from the past: Northern California in 1948.
 447  455  # Working Paper No. 8, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley,
 448  456  # 1973-11.  http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x22k30c
 449  457  #
 450  458  # In another measure to save electricity, DST was instituted from 1948-03-14
 451  459  # at 02:01 to 1949-01-16 at 02:00, with the governor having the option to move
 452  460  # the fallback transition earlier.  See pages 3-4 of:
 453  461  # http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/1948/48Vol1_Chapters.pdf
 454  462  #
 455  463  # In response:
 456  464  #
 457  465  #   Governor Warren received a torrent of objecting mail, and it is not too much
 458  466  #   to speculate that the objections to Daylight Saving Time were one important
 459  467  #   factor in the defeat of the Dewey-Warren Presidential ticket in California.
 460  468  #     -- Ross, p 25
 461  469  #
 462  470  # On December 8 the governor exercised the option, setting the date to January 1
 463  471  # (LA Times 1948-12-09).  The transition time was 02:00 (LA Times 1949-01-01).
 464  472  #
 465  473  # Despite the controversy, in 1949 California voters approved Proposition 12,
 466  474  # which established DST from April's last Sunday at 01:00 until September's
 467  475  # last Sunday at 02:00. This was amended by 1962's Proposition 6, which changed
 468  476  # the fall-back date to October's last Sunday. See:
 469  477  # http://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501&context=ca_ballot_props
 470  478  # http://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1636&context=ca_ballot_props
 471  479  #
 472  480  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 473  481  Rule    CA      1948    only    -       Mar     14      2:01    1:00    D
 474  482  Rule    CA      1949    only    -       Jan      1      2:00    0       S
  
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 475  483  Rule    CA      1950    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 1:00    1:00    D
 476  484  Rule    CA      1950    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 477  485  Rule    CA      1962    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 478  486  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 479  487  Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -     LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 480  488                          -8:00   US      P%sT    1946
 481  489                          -8:00   CA      P%sT    1967
 482  490                          -8:00   US      P%sT
 483  491  
 484  492  # Alaska
 485      -# AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
      493 +# AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -09 per USNO.
 486  494  #
 487  495  # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 488  496  # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
 489  497  # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
 490  498  # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
 491  499  # also a Friday.  Include only the time zone part of this transition,
 492  500  # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
 493  501  # the Julian calendar.
 494  502  #
 495  503  # As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
 496  504  # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
 497  505  # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
 498  506  # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  However, there
 499  507  # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
 500  508  # it's best to simply use the official transition.
 501  509  
 502  510  # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
 503  511  # One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
 504  512  # daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
 505  513  # "Welcome to Juneau.  Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
 506  514  # See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
 507  515  # http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
 508  516  #
 509  517  # Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
 510  518  # Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
 511  519  # Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
 512  520  # http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
 513  521  
 514  522  # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
 515  523  # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
 516  524  #
 517  525  # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
 518  526  # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
 519  527  # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
 520  528  # Pacific Time.
 521  529  #
 522  530  # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
 523  531  # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
 524  532  # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
 525  533  #
 526  534  # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
 527  535  # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
 528  536  #
 529  537  # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
 530  538  # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
 531  539  #
 532  540  # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
 533  541  # Nation.)
 534  542  
 535  543  # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
 536  544  # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
 537  545  # Community office (using contact information available at
 538  546  # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
 539  547  # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
 540  548  # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
 541  549  # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
 542  550  # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
 543  551  # did not inquire about practices in the past.
 544  552  
 545  553  # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
 546  554  # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
 547  555  # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
 548  556  
 549  557  # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09):
 550  558  # It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing
 551  559  # their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching
 552  560  # between AKST and AKDT from now on....
 553  561  # http://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/
 554  562  
 555  563  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 556  564  Zone America/Juneau      15:02:19 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 557  565                           -8:57:41 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 558  566                           -8:00  -       PST     1942
 559  567                           -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 560  568                           -8:00  -       PST     1969
 561  569                           -8:00  US      P%sT    1980 Apr 27  2:00
 562  570                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1980 Oct 26  2:00
 563  571                           -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 564  572                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 565  573                           -9:00  US      AK%sT
 566  574  Zone America/Sitka       14:58:47 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 567  575                           -9:01:13 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 568  576                           -8:00  -       PST     1942
 569  577                           -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 570  578                           -8:00  -       PST     1969
 571  579                           -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 572  580                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 573  581                           -9:00  US      AK%sT
 574  582  Zone America/Metlakatla  15:13:42 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 575  583                           -8:46:18 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 576  584                           -8:00  -       PST     1942
 577  585                           -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 578  586                           -8:00  -       PST     1969
 579  587                           -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 580  588                           -8:00  -       PST     2015 Nov  1  2:00
  
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 581  589                           -9:00  US      AK%sT
 582  590  Zone America/Yakutat     14:41:05 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 583  591                           -9:18:55 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 584  592                           -9:00  -       YST     1942
 585  593                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1946
 586  594                           -9:00  -       YST     1969
 587  595                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 588  596                           -9:00  US      AK%sT
 589  597  Zone America/Anchorage   14:00:24 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 590  598                           -9:59:36 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 591      -                        -10:00  -       CAT     1942
 592      -                        -10:00  US      CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
 593      -                        -10:00  US      CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
 594      -                        -10:00  -       CAT     1967 Apr
      599 +                        -10:00  -       AST     1942
      600 +                        -10:00  US      A%sT    1967 Apr
 595  601                          -10:00  -       AHST    1969
 596  602                          -10:00  US      AH%sT   1983 Oct 30  2:00
 597  603                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 598  604                           -9:00  US      AK%sT
 599  605  Zone America/Nome        12:58:21 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 600  606                          -11:01:38 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 601  607                          -11:00  -       NST     1942
 602  608                          -11:00  US      N%sT    1946
 603  609                          -11:00  -       NST     1967 Apr
 604  610                          -11:00  -       BST     1969
 605  611                          -11:00  US      B%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 606  612                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 607  613                           -9:00  US      AK%sT
 608  614  Zone America/Adak        12:13:21 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 609  615                          -11:46:38 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 610  616                          -11:00  -       NST     1942
 611  617                          -11:00  US      N%sT    1946
 612  618                          -11:00  -       NST     1967 Apr
 613  619                          -11:00  -       BST     1969
 614  620                          -11:00  US      B%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 615  621                          -10:00  US      AH%sT   1983 Nov 30
 616  622                          -10:00  US      H%sT
 617  623  # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
 618  624  #
 619  625  # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
 620  626  # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
 621  627  # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
 622  628  #
 623  629  # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
 624  630  # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
 625  631  # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
 626  632  # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
 627  633  # possibly until 1983:
 628  634  #
 629  635  #  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
 630  636  #  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
 631  637  #  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
 632  638  #  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
 633  639  #  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
 634  640  #  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
 635  641  #  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
 636  642  #  three votes for and one against."
 637  643  
 638  644  # Hawaii
 639  645  
 640  646  # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
 641  647  # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
 642  648  # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
 643  649  # the article is available at
 644  650  # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
 645  651  # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
 646  652  # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
 647  653  # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
 648  654  # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
 649  655  # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
 650  656  # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
 651  657  # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
 652  658  # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
 653  659  # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
 654  660  # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
 655  661  # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
 656  662  
 657  663  # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
 658  664  # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
 659  665  # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
 660  666  # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
 661  667  # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
 662  668  # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
 663  669  # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
 664  670  # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
 665  671  # Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
 666  672  # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
 667  673  # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
 668  674  # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
 669  675  # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
 670  676  # of the Territory of Hawaii."
 671  677  #
 672  678  # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
  
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 673  679  # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
 674  680  
 675  681  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 676  682  Zone Pacific/Honolulu   -10:31:26 -     LMT     1896 Jan 13 12:00
 677  683                          -10:30  -       HST     1933 Apr 30  2:00
 678  684                          -10:30  1:00    HDT     1933 May 21 12:00
 679  685                          -10:30  -       HST     1942 Feb  9  2:00
 680  686                          -10:30  1:00    HDT     1945 Sep 30  2:00
 681  687                          -10:30  -       HST     1947 Jun  8  2:00
 682  688                          -10:00  -       HST
 683      -Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
 684  689  
 685  690  # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
 686  691  
 687  692  # Arizona mostly uses MST.
 688  693  
 689  694  # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
 690  695  #
 691  696  # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
 692  697  # Daylight Saving Time web page
 693  698  # <http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm> (2002-01-23)
 694  699  # maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
 695  700  # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
 696  701  # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
 697  702  # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
 698  703  # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time.  The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
 699  704  # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
 700  705  # the date the state's clocks would change.  In 1945 the State of
 701  706  # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
 702  707  # mandated by federal law.  Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
 703  708  # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
 704  709  #
 705  710  # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
 706  711  # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
 707  712  
 708  713  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 709  714  Zone America/Phoenix    -7:28:18 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
 710  715                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Jan  1  0:01
 711  716                          -7:00   -       MST     1944 Apr  1  0:01
 712  717                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Oct  1  0:01
 713  718                          -7:00   -       MST     1967
 714  719                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1968 Mar 21
 715  720                          -7:00   -       MST
 716  721  # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 717  722  # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
 718  723  # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
 719  724  # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
 720  725  # large size and location in three states."  (The "only" means that other
 721  726  # tribal nations don't use DST.)
 722  727  #
 723  728  # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
 724  729  # See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
 725  730  
 726  731  # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
 727  732  # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
 728  733  # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
 729  734  # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
 730  735  # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
 731  736  # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
 732  737  # switched four weeks late in 1974.
 733  738  #
 734  739  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 735  740  Zone America/Boise      -7:44:49 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
 736  741                          -8:00   US      P%sT    1923 May 13  2:00
 737  742                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1974
 738  743                          -7:00   -       MST     1974 Feb  3  2:00
 739  744                          -7:00   US      M%sT
 740  745  
 741  746  # Indiana
 742  747  #
 743  748  # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
 744  749  # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
 745  750  #
 746  751  # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 747  752  # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
 748  753  # with the following exceptions:
 749  754  #
 750  755  # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 751  756  #   Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
 752  757  #
 753  758  # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
 754  759  #
 755  760  # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
 756  761  #   America/Kentucky/Louisville.
 757  762  #
 758  763  # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
 759  764  #   and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
 760  765  #
 761  766  # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
 762  767  # and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
 763  768  # Those Hoosiers!  Such a flighty and changeable people!
 764  769  # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 765  770  #
 766  771  # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
 767  772  # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
 768  773  # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
 769  774  
 770  775  # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
 771  776  # https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
 772  777  # says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
 773  778  # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
 774  779  # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
 775  780  # this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
 776  781  # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
 777  782  # Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
 778  783  # clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error.  The intent
 779  784  # was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
 780  785  
 781  786  # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
 782  787  # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
 783  788  # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
 784  789  # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
 785  790  
 786  791  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 787  792  Rule Indianapolis 1941  only    -       Jun     22      2:00    1:00    D
 788  793  Rule Indianapolis 1941  1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 789  794  Rule Indianapolis 1946  1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 790  795  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 791  796  Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT        1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
 792  797                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
 793  798                          -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
 794  799                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 795  800                          -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24  2:00
 796  801                          -5:00   -       EST     1957 Sep 29  2:00
 797  802                          -6:00   -       CST     1958 Apr 27  2:00
 798  803                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 799  804                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 800  805                          -5:00   -       EST     2006
 801  806                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 802  807  #
 803  808  # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
 804  809  # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
 805  810  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 806  811  Rule    Marengo 1951    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 807  812  Rule    Marengo 1951    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 808  813  Rule    Marengo 1954    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 809  814  Rule    Marengo 1954    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 810  815  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 811  816  Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
 812  817                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1951
 813  818                          -6:00   Marengo C%sT    1961 Apr 30  2:00
 814  819                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 815  820                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6  2:00
 816  821                          -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27  2:00
 817  822                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1976
 818  823                          -5:00   -       EST     2006
 819  824                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 820  825  #
 821  826  # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
 822  827  # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
 823  828  # in November 2007.
 824  829  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 825  830  Rule Vincennes  1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 826  831  Rule Vincennes  1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 827  832  Rule Vincennes  1953    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 828  833  Rule Vincennes  1953    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 829  834  Rule Vincennes  1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
 830  835  Rule Vincennes  1956    1963    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 831  836  Rule Vincennes  1960    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 832  837  Rule Vincennes  1961    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 833  838  Rule Vincennes  1962    1963    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 834  839  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 835  840  Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT   1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
 836  841                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 837  842                          -6:00 Vincennes C%sT    1964 Apr 26  2:00
 838  843                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 839  844                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 840  845                          -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 841  846                          -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Nov  4  2:00
 842  847                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 843  848  #
 844  849  # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
 845  850  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 846  851  Rule Perry      1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 847  852  Rule Perry      1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 848  853  Rule Perry      1953    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 849  854  Rule Perry      1953    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 850  855  Rule Perry      1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
 851  856  Rule Perry      1956    1963    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 852  857  Rule Perry      1960    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 853  858  Rule Perry      1961    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 854  859  Rule Perry      1962    1963    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 855  860  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 856  861  Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT   1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
 857  862                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 858  863                          -6:00 Perry     C%sT    1964 Apr 26  2:00
 859  864                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 860  865                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 861  866                          -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 862  867                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 863  868  #
 864  869  # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
 865  870  # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
 866  871  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 867  872  Rule    Pike    1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
 868  873  Rule    Pike    1955    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 869  874  Rule    Pike    1956    1964    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 870  875  Rule    Pike    1961    1964    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 871  876  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 872  877  Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT  1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
 873  878                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1955
 874  879                          -6:00   Pike    C%sT    1965 Apr 25  2:00
 875  880                          -5:00   -       EST     1966 Oct 30  2:00
 876  881                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1977 Oct 30  2:00
 877  882                          -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 878  883                          -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Nov  4  2:00
 879  884                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 880  885  #
 881  886  # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
 882  887  # then switched back in 2006.
 883  888  # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
 884  889  # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
 885  890  # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
 886  891  # 1991-10-27.
 887  892  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 888  893  Rule    Starke  1947    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 889  894  Rule    Starke  1947    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 890  895  Rule    Starke  1955    1956    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 891  896  Rule    Starke  1957    1958    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 892  897  Rule    Starke  1959    1961    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 893  898  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 894  899  Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 -    LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
 895  900                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1947
 896  901                          -6:00   Starke  C%sT    1962 Apr 29  2:00
 897  902                          -5:00   -       EST     1963 Oct 27  2:00
 898  903                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1991 Oct 27  2:00
 899  904                          -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 900  905                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 901  906  #
 902  907  # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
 903  908  # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
 904  909  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 905  910  Rule    Pulaski 1946    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 906  911  Rule    Pulaski 1946    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 907  912  Rule    Pulaski 1955    1956    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 908  913  Rule    Pulaski 1957    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 909  914  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 910  915  Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
 911  916                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 912  917                          -6:00   Pulaski C%sT    1961 Apr 30  2:00
 913  918                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 914  919                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 915  920                          -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 916  921                          -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Mar 11  2:00
 917  922                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 918  923  #
 919  924  # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
 920  925  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 921  926  Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 -   LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
 922  927                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1954 Apr 25  2:00
 923  928                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 924  929                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1973
 925  930                          -5:00   -       EST     2006
 926  931                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 927  932  
 928  933  # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
 929  934  # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
 930  935  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 931  936  Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       May     1       2:00    1:00    D
 932  937  Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       Sep     1       2:00    0       S
 933  938  Rule Louisville 1941    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 934  939  Rule Louisville 1941    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 935  940  Rule Louisville 1946    only    -       Jun     2       2:00    0       S
 936  941  Rule Louisville 1950    1955    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 937  942  Rule Louisville 1956    1960    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 938  943  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 939  944  Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -     LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
 940  945                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1921
 941  946                          -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1942
 942  947                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 943  948                          -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1961 Jul 23  2:00
 944  949                          -5:00   -       EST     1968
 945  950                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6  2:00
 946  951                          -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27  2:00
 947  952                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 948  953  #
 949  954  # Wayne County, Kentucky
 950  955  #
 951  956  # From Lake Cumberland LIFE
 952  957  # http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
 953  958  # (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
 954  959  # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
 955  960  # the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
 956  961  # the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
 957  962  # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
 958  963  # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
 959  964  # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
 960  965  # location in the Central time zone.
 961  966  #
 962  967  # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
 963  968  # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
 964  969  # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
 965  970  # (-0500) time.  They won't "fall back" this year.  See Sara Shipley,
 966  971  # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
 967  972  #
 968  973  # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
 969  974  # The final rule was published in the
 970  975  # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
 971  976  # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22
 972  977  #
 973  978  Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
 974  979                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 975  980                          -6:00   -       CST     1968
 976  981                          -6:00   US      C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
 977  982                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 978  983  
 979  984  
 980  985  # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
 981  986  # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
 982  987  # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
 983  988  #       previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
 984  989  # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
 985  990  # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
 986  991  # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
 987  992  # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
 988  993  #
 989  994  # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
 990  995  # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
 991  996  # so omit that change for now.
 992  997  # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
 993  998  # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
 994  999  # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
 995 1000  # 1999-10-31.  See the
 996 1001  # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
 997 1002  # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15
 998 1003  # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
 999 1004  # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
1000 1005  # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
1001 1006  
1002 1007  # Michigan
1003 1008  #
1004 1009  # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
1005 1010  # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
1006 1011  #
1007 1012  # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
1008 1013  # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
1009 1014  # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
1010 1015  # that Detroit kept
1011 1016  #
1012 1017  #       local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
1013 1018  #       be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
1014 1019  #       city obeyed, half refused.  After considerable debate, the decision
1015 1020  #       was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time.  A derisive offer to
1016 1021  #       erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
1017 1022  #       Committee on Sewers.  Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
1018 1023  #       by city vote.
1019 1024  #
1020 1025  # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
1021 1026  #
1022 1027  # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1023 1028  # Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
1024 1029  # one hour in 1914."  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
1025 1030  # info, so omit this for now.
1026 1031  #
1027 1032  # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
1028 1033  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
1029 1034  Rule    Detroit 1948    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1030 1035  Rule    Detroit 1948    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1031 1036  Rule    Detroit 1967    only    -       Jun     14      2:00    1:00    D
1032 1037  Rule    Detroit 1967    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1033 1038  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1034 1039  Zone America/Detroit    -5:32:11 -      LMT     1905
1035 1040                          -6:00   -       CST     1915 May 15  2:00
1036 1041                          -5:00   -       EST     1942
1037 1042                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1946
1038 1043                          -5:00   Detroit E%sT    1973
1039 1044                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1975
1040 1045                          -5:00   -       EST     1975 Apr 27  2:00
1041 1046                          -5:00   US      E%sT
1042 1047  #
1043 1048  # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
1044 1049  # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
1045 1050  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
1046 1051  Rule Menominee  1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1047 1052  Rule Menominee  1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1048 1053  Rule Menominee  1966    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1049 1054  Rule Menominee  1966    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1050 1055  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1051 1056  Zone America/Menominee  -5:50:27 -      LMT     1885 Sep 18 12:00
1052 1057                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
1053 1058                          -6:00 Menominee C%sT    1969 Apr 27  2:00
1054 1059                          -5:00   -       EST     1973 Apr 29  2:00
1055 1060                          -6:00   US      C%sT
1056 1061  
1057 1062  # Navassa
1058 1063  # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
1059 1064  # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
1060 1065  # also claimed by Haiti
  
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1061 1066  # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
1062 1067  # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
1063 1068  # currently uninhabited
1064 1069  # see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
1065 1070  # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
1066 1071  # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
1067 1072  
1068 1073  ################################################################################
1069 1074  
1070 1075  
1071      -# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
     1076 +# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
1072 1077  #
1073 1078  # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
1074 1079  # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
1075 1080  # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1076 1081  # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
1077 1082  #
1078      -# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
1079      -# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
     1083 +# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
     1084 +# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
1080 1085  # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1081 1086  # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
1082 1087  # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
1083 1088  # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
1084 1089  #
1085 1090  # Other sources occasionally used include:
1086 1091  #
1087 1092  #       Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
1088 1093  #       Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
1089 1094  #       which I found in the UCLA library.
1090 1095  #
1091 1096  #       William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
1092 1097  #       <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
1093 1098  #       [PDF] (1914-03)
1094 1099  #
1095 1100  #       Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
1096 1101  #       <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
1097 1102  #
1098 1103  # See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
1099 1104  
1100 1105  # Canada
1101 1106  
1102 1107  # From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
1103 1108  # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
1104 1109  # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
1105 1110  #
1106 1111  #       UTC     Standard time   Daylight saving time
1107 1112  #       offset  French  English French  English
1108 1113  #       -2:30   -       -       HAT     NDT
1109 1114  #       -3      -       -       HAA     ADT
1110 1115  #       -3:30   HNT     NST     -       -
1111 1116  #       -4      HNA     AST     HAE     EDT
1112 1117  #       -5      HNE     EST     HAC     CDT
1113 1118  #       -6      HNC     CST     HAR     MDT
1114 1119  #       -7      HNR     MST     HAP     PDT
1115 1120  #       -8      HNP     PST     HAY     YDT
1116 1121  #       -9      HNY     YST     -       -
1117 1122  #
1118 1123  #       HN: Heure Normale       ST: Standard Time
1119 1124  #       HA: Heure Avancée      DT: Daylight saving Time
1120 1125  #
1121 1126  #       A: de l'Atlantique      Atlantic
1122 1127  #       C: du Centre            Central
1123 1128  #       E: de l'Est             Eastern
1124 1129  #       M:                      Mountain
1125 1130  #       N:                      Newfoundland
1126 1131  #       P: du Pacifique         Pacific
1127 1132  #       R: des Rocheuses
1128 1133  #       T: de Terre-Neuve
1129 1134  #       Y: du Yukon             Yukon
1130 1135  #
1131 1136  # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
1132 1137  # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
1133 1138  
1134 1139  # Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
1135 1140  # & Pottenger.
1136 1141  
1137 1142  # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
1138 1143  # 2007-03-01):
1139 1144  # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
1140 1145  # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
1141 1146  # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
1142 1147  # http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
1143 1148  # ...
1144 1149  # Nova Scotia
1145 1150  # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
1146 1151  # http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
1147 1152  #
1148 1153  # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
1149 1154  # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
1150 1155  # http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
1151 1156  # ...
1152 1157  # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
1153 1158  # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
1154 1159  # http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
1155 1160  # ...
1156 1161  # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
1157 1162  # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
1158 1163  # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
1159 1164  # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
1160 1165  # ...
1161 1166  # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
1162 1167  # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
1163 1168  # ...
1164 1169  # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
1165 1170  # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
1166 1171  # ...
1167 1172  # Yukon
1168 1173  # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
1169 1174  # ...
1170 1175  # N.W.T. will follow US rules.  Whoever maintains the government web site
1171 1176  # does not seem to believe in bookmarks.  To see the news release, click the
1172 1177  # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change".  Press the
1173 1178  # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
1174 1179  # JavaScript.
1175 1180  # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
1176 1181  # ...
1177 1182  # Nunavut
1178 1183  # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
1179 1184  # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
1180 1185  
1181 1186  # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-18):
1182 1187  # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
1183 1188  # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
1184 1189  # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
1185 1190  # contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
1186 1191  # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
1187 1192  #
1188 1193  # National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST.
1189 1194  # http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html
1190 1195  # http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5
1191 1196  # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
1192 1197  
1193 1198  # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1194 1199  # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
1195 1200  # new US DST rules,
1196 1201  
1197 1202  # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
1198 1203  # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
1199 1204  # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1200 1205  # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
1201 1206  # The quote includes these two statements:
1202 1207  # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
1203 1208  # '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
1204 1209  # These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
1205 1210  # that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918.  This transition was
1206 1211  # also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
1207 1212  
1208 1213  # In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
1209 1214  # Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
1210 1215  # than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
1211 1216  
1212 1217  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1213 1218  Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1214 1219  Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1215 1220  Rule    Canada  1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1216 1221  Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1217 1222  Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1218 1223  Rule    Canada  1974    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1219 1224  Rule    Canada  1974    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1220 1225  Rule    Canada  1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
1221 1226  Rule    Canada  2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
1222 1227  Rule    Canada  2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S
1223 1228  
1224 1229  
1225 1230  # Newfoundland and Labrador
1226 1231  
1227 1232  # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1228 1233  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
1229 1234  # but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
1230 1235  # southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
1231 1236  # but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
1232 1237  
1233 1238  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1234 1239  Rule    StJohns 1917    only    -       Apr      8      2:00    1:00    D
1235 1240  Rule    StJohns 1917    only    -       Sep     17      2:00    0       S
1236 1241  # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1237 1242  Rule    StJohns 1919    only    -       May      5      23:00   1:00    D
1238 1243  Rule    StJohns 1919    only    -       Aug     12      23:00   0       S
1239 1244  # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1240 1245  Rule    StJohns 1920    1935    -       May     Sun>=1  23:00   1:00    D
1241 1246  Rule    StJohns 1920    1935    -       Oct     lastSun 23:00   0       S
1242 1247  # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
1243 1248  # Pottenger.
1244 1249  Rule    StJohns 1936    1941    -       May     Mon>=9  0:00    1:00    D
1245 1250  Rule    StJohns 1936    1941    -       Oct     Mon>=2  0:00    0       S
1246 1251  # Whitman gives the following transitions:
1247 1252  # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
1248 1253  # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
1249 1254  # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
1250 1255  # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1251 1256  Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       May     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
1252 1257  Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       Oct     Sun>=2  2:00    0       S
1253 1258  Rule    StJohns 1951    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1254 1259  Rule    StJohns 1951    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1255 1260  Rule    StJohns 1960    1986    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1256 1261  # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1257 1262  # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
1258 1263  # at 00:01 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.
1259 1264  
1260 1265  # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
1261 1266  # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
1262 1267  # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
1263 1268  # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
1264 1269  # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
1265 1270  # now occurs at 2:00AM.
1266 1271  # ...
1267 1272  # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
1268 1273  # ...
1269 1274  # MICHAEL PELLEY  |  Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
1270 1275  # Office of the Chief Information Officer
1271 1276  # Executive Council
1272 1277  # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
1273 1278  
1274 1279  Rule    StJohns 1987    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:01    1:00    D
1275 1280  Rule    StJohns 1987    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:01    0       S
1276 1281  Rule    StJohns 1988    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:01    2:00    DD
1277 1282  Rule    StJohns 1989    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:01    1:00    D
1278 1283  Rule    StJohns 2007    2011    -       Mar     Sun>=8  0:01    1:00    D
1279 1284  Rule    StJohns 2007    2010    -       Nov     Sun>=1  0:01    0       S
1280 1285  #
1281 1286  # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1282 1287  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1283 1288  Zone America/St_Johns   -3:30:52 -      LMT     1884
1284 1289                          -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1918
1285 1290                          -3:30:52 Canada N%sT    1919
1286 1291                          -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1935 Mar 30
1287 1292                          -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1942 May 11
1288 1293                          -3:30   Canada  N%sT    1946
1289 1294                          -3:30   StJohns N%sT    2011 Nov
1290 1295                          -3:30   Canada  N%sT
1291 1296  
1292 1297  # most of east Labrador
1293 1298  
1294 1299  # The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
1295 1300  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1296 1301  Zone America/Goose_Bay  -4:01:40 -      LMT     1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
1297 1302                          -3:30:52 -      NST     1918
1298 1303                          -3:30:52 Canada N%sT    1919
1299 1304                          -3:30:52 -      NST     1935 Mar 30
1300 1305                          -3:30   -       NST     1936
1301 1306                          -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1942 May 11
1302 1307                          -3:30   Canada  N%sT    1946
1303 1308                          -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1966 Mar 15  2:00
1304 1309                          -4:00   StJohns A%sT    2011 Nov
1305 1310                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1306 1311  
1307 1312  
1308 1313  # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
1309 1314  
1310 1315  # From Brian Inglis (2015-07-20):
1311 1316  # From the historical weather station records available at:
1312 1317  # https://weatherspark.com/history/28351/1971/Sydney-Nova-Scotia-Canada
1313 1318  # Sydney shares the same time history as Glace Bay, so was
1314 1319  # likely to be the same across the island....
1315 1320  # Sydney, as the capital and most populous location, or Cape Breton, would
1316 1321  # have been better names for the zone had we known this in 1996.
1317 1322  
1318 1323  # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-20):
1319 1324  # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
1320 1325  # Halifax.  Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
1321 1326  # the Cape Breton area, represented by Glace Bay, is the largest we know of
1322 1327  # (Glace Bay was perhaps not the best name choice but no point changing now).
1323 1328  # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
1324 1329  # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
1325 1330  # this is a typo.
1326 1331  
1327 1332  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1328 1333  Rule    Halifax 1916    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    D
1329 1334  Rule    Halifax 1916    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       S
1330 1335  Rule    Halifax 1920    only    -       May      9      0:00    1:00    D
1331 1336  Rule    Halifax 1920    only    -       Aug     29      0:00    0       S
1332 1337  Rule    Halifax 1921    only    -       May      6      0:00    1:00    D
1333 1338  Rule    Halifax 1921    1922    -       Sep      5      0:00    0       S
1334 1339  Rule    Halifax 1922    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
1335 1340  Rule    Halifax 1923    1925    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
1336 1341  Rule    Halifax 1923    only    -       Sep      4      0:00    0       S
1337 1342  Rule    Halifax 1924    only    -       Sep     15      0:00    0       S
1338 1343  Rule    Halifax 1925    only    -       Sep     28      0:00    0       S
1339 1344  Rule    Halifax 1926    only    -       May     16      0:00    1:00    D
1340 1345  Rule    Halifax 1926    only    -       Sep     13      0:00    0       S
1341 1346  Rule    Halifax 1927    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
1342 1347  Rule    Halifax 1927    only    -       Sep     26      0:00    0       S
1343 1348  Rule    Halifax 1928    1931    -       May     Sun>=8  0:00    1:00    D
1344 1349  Rule    Halifax 1928    only    -       Sep      9      0:00    0       S
1345 1350  Rule    Halifax 1929    only    -       Sep      3      0:00    0       S
1346 1351  Rule    Halifax 1930    only    -       Sep     15      0:00    0       S
1347 1352  Rule    Halifax 1931    1932    -       Sep     Mon>=24 0:00    0       S
1348 1353  Rule    Halifax 1932    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
1349 1354  Rule    Halifax 1933    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
1350 1355  Rule    Halifax 1933    only    -       Oct      2      0:00    0       S
1351 1356  Rule    Halifax 1934    only    -       May     20      0:00    1:00    D
1352 1357  Rule    Halifax 1934    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    0       S
1353 1358  Rule    Halifax 1935    only    -       Jun      2      0:00    1:00    D
1354 1359  Rule    Halifax 1935    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       S
1355 1360  Rule    Halifax 1936    only    -       Jun      1      0:00    1:00    D
1356 1361  Rule    Halifax 1936    only    -       Sep     14      0:00    0       S
1357 1362  Rule    Halifax 1937    1938    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
1358 1363  Rule    Halifax 1937    1941    -       Sep     Mon>=24 0:00    0       S
1359 1364  Rule    Halifax 1939    only    -       May     28      0:00    1:00    D
1360 1365  Rule    Halifax 1940    1941    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
1361 1366  Rule    Halifax 1946    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1362 1367  Rule    Halifax 1946    1949    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1363 1368  Rule    Halifax 1951    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1364 1369  Rule    Halifax 1951    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1365 1370  Rule    Halifax 1956    1959    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1366 1371  Rule    Halifax 1956    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1367 1372  Rule    Halifax 1962    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1368 1373  Rule    Halifax 1962    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1369 1374  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1370 1375  Zone America/Halifax    -4:14:24 -      LMT     1902 Jun 15
1371 1376                          -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1918
1372 1377                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1919
1373 1378                          -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1374 1379                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1946
1375 1380                          -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1974
1376 1381                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1377 1382  Zone America/Glace_Bay  -3:59:48 -      LMT     1902 Jun 15
1378 1383                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1953
1379 1384                          -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1954
1380 1385                          -4:00   -       AST     1972
1381 1386                          -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1974
1382 1387                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1383 1388  
1384 1389  # New Brunswick
1385 1390  
1386 1391  # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
1387 1392  # The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
1388 1393  # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
1389 1394  # <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
1390 1395  # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
1391 1396  # For now, assume it started in 1993.
1392 1397  
1393 1398  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1394 1399  Rule    Moncton 1933    1935    -       Jun     Sun>=8  1:00    1:00    D
1395 1400  Rule    Moncton 1933    1935    -       Sep     Sun>=8  1:00    0       S
1396 1401  Rule    Moncton 1936    1938    -       Jun     Sun>=1  1:00    1:00    D
1397 1402  Rule    Moncton 1936    1938    -       Sep     Sun>=1  1:00    0       S
1398 1403  Rule    Moncton 1939    only    -       May     27      1:00    1:00    D
1399 1404  Rule    Moncton 1939    1941    -       Sep     Sat>=21 1:00    0       S
1400 1405  Rule    Moncton 1940    only    -       May     19      1:00    1:00    D
1401 1406  Rule    Moncton 1941    only    -       May      4      1:00    1:00    D
1402 1407  Rule    Moncton 1946    1972    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1403 1408  Rule    Moncton 1946    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1404 1409  Rule    Moncton 1957    1972    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1405 1410  Rule    Moncton 1993    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:01    1:00    D
1406 1411  Rule    Moncton 1993    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:01    0       S
1407 1412  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1408 1413  Zone America/Moncton    -4:19:08 -      LMT     1883 Dec  9
1409 1414                          -5:00   -       EST     1902 Jun 15
1410 1415                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1933
1411 1416                          -4:00   Moncton A%sT    1942
1412 1417                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1946
1413 1418                          -4:00   Moncton A%sT    1973
1414 1419                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1993
1415 1420                          -4:00   Moncton A%sT    2007
1416 1421                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1417 1422  
1418 1423  # Quebec
1419 1424  
1420 1425  # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
1421 1426  # See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal.
1422 1427  #
1423 1428  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
1424 1429  # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
1425 1430  # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
1426 1431  # The Quebec department of justice writes in
1427 1432  # "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
1428 1433  # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
1429 1434  # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
1430 1435  # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
1431 1436  # http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
1432 1437  # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
1433 1438  # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
1434 1439  # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
1435 1440  
1436 1441  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1437 1442  Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -    LMT     1884
1438 1443                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1970
1439 1444                          -4:00   -       AST
1440 1445  
1441 1446  # Ontario
1442 1447  
1443 1448  # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1444 1449  # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1445 1450  # Toronto.
1446 1451  # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1447 1452  # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1448 1453  # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1449 1454  # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
1450 1455  
1451 1456  # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1452 1457  # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
1453 1458  # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
1454 1459  # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
1455 1460  # have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
1456 1461  # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
1457 1462  # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
1458 1463  # only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
1459 1464  # presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
1460 1465  # earlier in June).
1461 1466  #
1462 1467  # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
1463 1468  
1464 1469  # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
1465 1470  # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
1466 1471  # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
1467 1472  # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
1468 1473  # He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
1469 1474  # http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
1470 1475  # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
1471 1476  # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
1472 1477  # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
1473 1478  #
1474 1479  # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1475 1480  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
1476 1481  # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
1477 1482  # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
1478 1483  # violation of the official Ontario rules.
1479 1484  #
1480 1485  # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1481 1486  # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
1482 1487  # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
1483 1488  #
1484 1489  #       The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
1485 1490  #       This means they spend about half the time on central time and
1486 1491  #       the other half on eastern time.
1487 1492  #
1488 1493  #       For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
1489 1494  #
1490 1495  #       "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
1491 1496  #       Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
1492 1497  #       said.  "I don't see any changes happening here."
1493 1498  #
1494 1499  # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
1495 1500  # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
1496 1501  
1497 1502  # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
1498 1503  # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
1499 1504  # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
1500 1505  # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
1501 1506  # time keeping since 1952, at least.
1502 1507  
1503 1508  # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
1504 1509  # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
1505 1510  # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
1506 1511  # McKinnon sounds more authoritative.  For now, assume that Atikokan
1507 1512  # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
1508 1513  # ended.  This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
1509 1514  # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
1510 1515  # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
1511 1516  
1512 1517  # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
1513 1518  #
1514 1519  # Currently the database has:
1515 1520  #
1516 1521  # # Ontario
1517 1522  #
1518 1523  # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1519 1524  # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1520 1525  # # Toronto.
1521 1526  # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1522 1527  # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1523 1528  # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1524 1529  #
1525 1530  # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
1526 1531  # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
1527 1532  # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
1528 1533  #
1529 1534  #     The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
1530 1535  #     except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
1531 1536  #
1532 1537  # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
1533 1538  #
1534 1539  # I only came across this incidentally.  I don't know if Windsor began
1535 1540  # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
1536 1541  #
1537 1542  # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
1538 1543  #
1539 1544  #     Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
1540 1545  #     three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
1541 1546  
1542 1547  # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
1543 1548  #
1544 1549  # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
1545 1550  # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
1546 1551  # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
1547 1552  # was available at
1548 1553  # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
1549 1554  #
1550 1555  # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
1551 1556  #
1552 1557  #   A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
1553 1558  # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
1554 1559  # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
1555 1560  # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
1556 1561  # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
1557 1562  # for the other provinces only approximate:
1558 1563  #
1559 1564  #       Province        Daylight saving time used
1560 1565  # Prince Edward Island  Not used.
1561 1566  # Nova Scotia           In Halifax only.
1562 1567  # New Brunswick         In St. John only.
1563 1568  # Quebec                In the following places:
1564 1569  #                       Montreal        Lachine
1565 1570  #                       Quebec          Mont-Royal
1566 1571  #                       Lévis          Iberville
1567 1572  #                       St. Lambert     Cap de la Madelèine
1568 1573  #                       Verdun          Loretteville
1569 1574  #                       Westmount       Richmond
1570 1575  #                       Outremont       St. Jérôme
1571 1576  #                       Longueuil       Greenfield Park
1572 1577  #                       Arvida          Waterloo
1573 1578  #                       Chambly-Canton  Beaulieu
1574 1579  #                       Melbourne       La Tuque
1575 1580  #                       St. Théophile  Buckingham
1576 1581  # Ontario               Used generally in the cities and towns along
1577 1582  #                       the southerly part of the province. Not
1578 1583  #                       used in the northwesterly part.
1579 1584  # Manitoba              Not used.
1580 1585  # Saskatchewan          In Regina only.
1581 1586  # Alberta               Not used.
1582 1587  # British Columbia      Not used.
1583 1588  #
1584 1589  #   With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
1585 1590  # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
1586 1591  
1587 1592  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1588 1593  Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Mar     30      23:30   1:00    D
1589 1594  Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Oct     26      0:00    0       S
1590 1595  Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       May      2      2:00    1:00    D
1591 1596  Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       Sep     26      0:00    0       S
1592 1597  Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       May     15      2:00    1:00    D
1593 1598  Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       Sep     15      2:00    0       S
1594 1599  Rule    Toronto 1922    1923    -       May     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
1595 1600  # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
1596 1601  # was meant.
1597 1602  Rule    Toronto 1922    1926    -       Sep     Sun>=15 2:00    0       S
1598 1603  Rule    Toronto 1924    1927    -       May     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
1599 1604  # The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
1600 1605  # Rule  Toronto 1927    1937    -       Sep     Sun>=25 2:00    0       S
1601 1606  # Rule  Toronto 1928    1937    -       Apr     Sun>=25 2:00    1:00    D
1602 1607  # Rule  Toronto 1938    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1603 1608  # Rule  Toronto 1938    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1604 1609  # The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
1605 1610  # (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
1606 1611  Rule    Toronto 1927    1932    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1607 1612  Rule    Toronto 1928    1931    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1608 1613  Rule    Toronto 1932    only    -       May     1       2:00    1:00    D
1609 1614  Rule    Toronto 1933    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1610 1615  Rule    Toronto 1933    only    -       Oct     1       2:00    0       S
1611 1616  Rule    Toronto 1934    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1612 1617  Rule    Toronto 1945    1946    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1613 1618  Rule    Toronto 1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1614 1619  Rule    Toronto 1947    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
1615 1620  Rule    Toronto 1947    1948    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
1616 1621  Rule    Toronto 1949    only    -       Nov     lastSun 0:00    0       S
1617 1622  Rule    Toronto 1950    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1618 1623  Rule    Toronto 1950    only    -       Nov     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1619 1624  Rule    Toronto 1951    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1620 1625  # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
1621 1626  # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
1622 1627  # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
1623 1628  # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
1624 1629  Rule    Toronto 1957    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1625 1630  
1626 1631  # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1627 1632  # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
1628 1633  # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
1629 1634  # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
1630 1635  # Saskatchewan, for one year."
1631 1636  
1632 1637  # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
1633 1638  # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
1634 1639  # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
1635 1640  # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
1636 1641  # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
1637 1642  # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
1638 1643  # include the Thunder Bay area....  When Canada adopted daylight
1639 1644  # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
1640 1645  # already, did not change their clocks....  During the Second World
1641 1646  # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
1642 1647  # months for the remainder of the war years.
1643 1648  
1644 1649  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1645 1650  Zone America/Toronto    -5:17:32 -      LMT     1895
1646 1651                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1919
1647 1652                          -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1648 1653                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1946
1649 1654                          -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1974
1650 1655                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1651 1656  Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 -     LMT     1895
1652 1657                          -6:00   -       CST     1910
1653 1658                          -5:00   -       EST     1942
1654 1659                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1970
1655 1660                          -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1973
1656 1661                          -5:00   -       EST     1974
1657 1662                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1658 1663  Zone America/Nipigon    -5:53:04 -      LMT     1895
1659 1664                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1940 Sep 29
1660 1665                          -5:00   1:00    EDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1661 1666                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1662 1667  Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 -     LMT     1895
1663 1668                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1940 Sep 29
1664 1669                          -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1665 1670                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT
1666 1671  Zone America/Atikokan   -6:06:28 -      LMT     1895
1667 1672                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1940 Sep 29
1668 1673                          -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1669 1674                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1945 Sep 30  2:00
1670 1675                          -5:00   -       EST
1671 1676  
1672 1677  
1673 1678  # Manitoba
1674 1679  
1675 1680  # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
1676 1681  # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
1677 1682  # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
1678 1683  # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
1679 1684  # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
1680 1685  # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
1681 1686  # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
1682 1687  # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
1683 1688  # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
1684 1689  # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
1685 1690  # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
1686 1691  # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
1687 1692  # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
1688 1693  
1689 1694  # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
1690 1695  # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
1691 1696  # starting 1966.  Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
1692 1697  # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
1693 1698  
1694 1699  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1695 1700  Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Apr     23      0:00    1:00    D
1696 1701  Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Sep     17      0:00    0       S
1697 1702  Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1698 1703  Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1699 1704  Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       May     16      2:00    1:00    D
1700 1705  Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       Sep     26      2:00    0       S
1701 1706  Rule    Winn    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1702 1707  Rule    Winn    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1703 1708  Rule    Winn    1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1704 1709  Rule    Winn    1946    only    -       May     12      2:00    1:00    D
1705 1710  Rule    Winn    1946    only    -       Oct     13      2:00    0       S
1706 1711  Rule    Winn    1947    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1707 1712  Rule    Winn    1947    1949    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1708 1713  Rule    Winn    1950    only    -       May      1      2:00    1:00    D
1709 1714  Rule    Winn    1950    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1710 1715  Rule    Winn    1951    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1711 1716  Rule    Winn    1951    1958    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1712 1717  Rule    Winn    1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1713 1718  Rule    Winn    1960    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1714 1719  Rule    Winn    1963    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1715 1720  Rule    Winn    1963    only    -       Sep     22      2:00    0       S
1716 1721  Rule    Winn    1966    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00s   1:00    D
1717 1722  Rule    Winn    1966    2005    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00s   0       S
1718 1723  Rule    Winn    1987    2005    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00s   1:00    D
1719 1724  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1720 1725  Zone America/Winnipeg   -6:28:36 -      LMT     1887 Jul 16
1721 1726                          -6:00   Winn    C%sT    2006
1722 1727                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT
1723 1728  
1724 1729  
1725 1730  # Saskatchewan
1726 1731  
1727 1732  # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1728 1733  # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
1729 1734  # level.  As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
1730 1735  # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
1731 1736  # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
1732 1737  # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
1733 1738  # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
1734 1739  # the summer".  The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
1735 1740  # time was noted.
1736 1741  
1737 1742  # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1738 1743  # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
1739 1744  # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
1740 1745  
1741 1746  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1742 1747  # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
1743 1748  # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
1744 1749  # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
1745 1750  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
1746 1751  # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
1747 1752  
1748 1753  # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
1749 1754  # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
1750 1755  # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
1751 1756  # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
1752 1757  # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
1753 1758  #
1754 1759  # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
1755 1760  # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
1756 1761  # their affiliations in one direction or the other.  In 1965 a provincial
1757 1762  # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
1758 1763  #
1759 1764  # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
1760 1765  # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
1761 1766  # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
1762 1767  # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
1763 1768  # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
1764 1769  # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
1765 1770  # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
1766 1771  #
1767 1772  # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
1768 1773  # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
1769 1774  # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
1770 1775  # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
1771 1776  # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
1772 1777  # since sometime in the 1960s.
1773 1778  
1774 1779  # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1775 1780  # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
1776 1781  # long and rather painful to read.
1777 1782  # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
1778 1783  
1779 1784  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1780 1785  Rule    Regina  1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1781 1786  Rule    Regina  1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1782 1787  Rule    Regina  1930    1934    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
1783 1788  Rule    Regina  1930    1934    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
1784 1789  Rule    Regina  1937    1941    -       Apr     Sun>=8  0:00    1:00    D
1785 1790  Rule    Regina  1937    only    -       Oct     Sun>=8  0:00    0       S
1786 1791  Rule    Regina  1938    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
1787 1792  Rule    Regina  1939    1941    -       Oct     Sun>=8  0:00    0       S
1788 1793  Rule    Regina  1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1789 1794  Rule    Regina  1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1790 1795  Rule    Regina  1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1791 1796  Rule    Regina  1946    only    -       Apr     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
1792 1797  Rule    Regina  1946    only    -       Oct     Sun>=8  2:00    0       S
1793 1798  Rule    Regina  1947    1957    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1794 1799  Rule    Regina  1947    1957    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1795 1800  Rule    Regina  1959    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1796 1801  Rule    Regina  1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1797 1802  #
1798 1803  Rule    Swift   1957    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1799 1804  Rule    Swift   1957    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1800 1805  Rule    Swift   1959    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1801 1806  Rule    Swift   1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1802 1807  Rule    Swift   1960    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1803 1808  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1804 1809  Zone America/Regina     -6:58:36 -      LMT     1905 Sep
1805 1810                          -7:00   Regina  M%sT    1960 Apr lastSun  2:00
1806 1811                          -6:00   -       CST
1807 1812  Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 -   LMT     1905 Sep
1808 1813                          -7:00   Canada  M%sT    1946 Apr lastSun  2:00
1809 1814                          -7:00   Regina  M%sT    1950
1810 1815                          -7:00   Swift   M%sT    1972 Apr lastSun  2:00
1811 1816                          -6:00   -       CST
1812 1817  
1813 1818  
1814 1819  # Alberta
1815 1820  
1816 1821  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1817 1822  Rule    Edm     1918    1919    -       Apr     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
1818 1823  Rule    Edm     1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1819 1824  Rule    Edm     1919    only    -       May     27      2:00    0       S
1820 1825  Rule    Edm     1920    1923    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1821 1826  Rule    Edm     1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1822 1827  Rule    Edm     1921    1923    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1823 1828  Rule    Edm     1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1824 1829  Rule    Edm     1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1825 1830  Rule    Edm     1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1826 1831  Rule    Edm     1947    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1827 1832  Rule    Edm     1947    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1828 1833  Rule    Edm     1967    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1829 1834  Rule    Edm     1967    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1830 1835  Rule    Edm     1969    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1831 1836  Rule    Edm     1969    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1832 1837  Rule    Edm     1972    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1833 1838  Rule    Edm     1972    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1834 1839  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1835 1840  Zone America/Edmonton   -7:33:52 -      LMT     1906 Sep
1836 1841                          -7:00   Edm     M%sT    1987
1837 1842                          -7:00   Canada  M%sT
1838 1843  
1839 1844  
1840 1845  # British Columbia
1841 1846  
1842 1847  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1843 1848  # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
1844 1849  # been like Vancouver.
1845 1850  # Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
1846 1851  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
1847 1852  
1848 1853  # It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
1849 1854  
1850 1855  # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
1851 1856  # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
1852 1857  # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
1853 1858  # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
1854 1859  # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
1855 1860  # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
1856 1861  
1857 1862  # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
1858 1863  # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
1859 1864  # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
1860 1865  # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1861 1866  # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
1862 1867  # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
1863 1868  # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
1864 1869  
1865 1870  # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
1866 1871  # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain.  I e-mailed Tammy a few months
1867 1872  # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess.  She said it was just
1868 1873  # as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing
1869 1874  # the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
1870 1875  # subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
1871 1876  # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
1872 1877  
1873 1878  # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
1874 1879  # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
1875 1880  # Exact date unknown
1876 1881  # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
1877 1882  # Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
1878 1883  # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
1879 1884  # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
1880 1885  # note 1:
1881 1886  # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
1882 1887  # Creston did not change its clocks.
1883 1888  # note 2:
1884 1889  # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
1885 1890  # Creston did not oblige.
1886 1891  # note 3:
1887 1892  # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
1888 1893  # (UTC-7) forever.
1889 1894  # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
1890 1895  # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
1891 1896  
1892 1897  # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
1893 1898  # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
1894 1899  # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
1895 1900  # the change.  It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
1896 1901  # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
1897 1902  # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
1898 1903  
1899 1904  # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
1900 1905  
1901 1906  # From Matt Johnson (2015-09-21):
1902 1907  # Fort Nelson, BC, Canada will cancel DST this year.  So while previously they
1903 1908  # were aligned with America/Vancouver, they're now aligned with
1904 1909  # America/Dawson_Creek.
1905 1910  # http://www.northernrockies.ca/EN/meta/news/archives/2015/northern-rockies-time-change.html
1906 1911  #
1907 1912  # From Tim Parenti (2015-09-23):
1908 1913  # This requires a new zone for the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality,
1909 1914  # America/Fort_Nelson.  The resolution of 2014-12-08 was reached following a
1910 1915  # 2014-11-15 poll with nearly 75% support.  Effectively, the municipality has
1911 1916  # been on MST (-0700) like Dawson Creek since it advanced its clocks on
1912 1917  # 2015-03-08.
1913 1918  #
1914 1919  # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
1915 1920  # Shanks says Fort Nelson did not observe DST in 1946, unlike Vancouver.
1916 1921  
1917 1922  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1918 1923  Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1919 1924  Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1920 1925  Rule    Vanc    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1921 1926  Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1922 1927  Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1923 1928  Rule    Vanc    1946    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1924 1929  Rule    Vanc    1946    only    -       Oct     13      2:00    0       S
1925 1930  Rule    Vanc    1947    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1926 1931  Rule    Vanc    1962    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1927 1932  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1928 1933  Zone America/Vancouver  -8:12:28 -      LMT     1884
1929 1934                          -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1987
1930 1935                          -8:00   Canada  P%sT
1931 1936  Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -    LMT     1884
1932 1937                          -8:00   Canada  P%sT    1947
1933 1938                          -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1972 Aug 30  2:00
1934 1939                          -7:00   -       MST
1935 1940  Zone America/Fort_Nelson        -8:10:47 -      LMT     1884
1936 1941                          -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1946
1937 1942                          -8:00   -       PST     1947
1938 1943                          -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1987
1939 1944                          -8:00   Canada  P%sT    2015 Mar  8  2:00
1940 1945                          -7:00   -       MST
1941 1946  Zone America/Creston    -7:46:04 -      LMT     1884
1942 1947                          -7:00   -       MST     1916 Oct 1
1943 1948                          -8:00   -       PST     1918 Jun 2
1944 1949                          -7:00   -       MST
1945 1950  
1946 1951  # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
1947 1952  
1948 1953  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1949 1954  # Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
1950 1955  # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
1951 1956  #       * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
1952 1957  #       c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9....
1953 1958  #       see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
1954 1959  #       [http://canlii.ca/t/7vhg]
1955 1960  #       * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
1956 1961  #       * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
1957 1962  #       * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
1958 1963  
1959 1964  # From Brian Inglis (2015-04-14):
1960 1965  #
1961 1966  # I tried to trace the history of Yukon time and found the following
1962 1967  # regulations, giving the reference title and URL if found, regulation name,
1963 1968  # and relevant quote if available.  Each regulation specifically revokes its
1964 1969  # predecessor.  The final reference is to the current Interpretation Act
1965 1970  # authorizing and resulting from these regulatory changes.
1966 1971  #
1967 1972  # Only recent regulations were retrievable via Yukon government site search or
1968 1973  # index, and only some via Canadian legal sources.  Other sources used include
1969 1974  # articles titled "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" from JRASC via ADS
1970 1975  # Abstracts, cited by ADO for 1932 ..., and updated versions from 1958 and
1971 1976  # 1970 quoted below; each article includes current extracts from provincial
1972 1977  # and territorial ST and DST regulations at the end, summaries and details of
1973 1978  # standard times and daylight saving time at many locations across Canada,
1974 1979  # with time zone maps, tables and calculations for Canadian Sunrise, Sunset,
1975 1980  # and LMST; they also cover many countries and global locations, with a chart
1976 1981  # and table showing current Universal Time offsets, and may be useful as
1977 1982  # another source of information for 1970 and earlier.
1978 1983  #
1979 1984  # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; JRASC, Vol. 26,
1980 1985  #   pp.49-77; February 1932; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
1981 1986  #   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JRASC..26...49S from p.75:
1982 1987  #   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance
1983 1988  #   Yukon standard time is the local mean time at the one hundred and
1984 1989  #   thirty-fifth meridian.
1985 1990  #
1986 1991  # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; Thomson, Malcolm M.;
1987 1992  #   JRASC, Vol. 52, pp.193-223; October 1958; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
1988 1993  #   (ADS) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958JRASC..52..193S from pp.220-1:
1989 1994  #   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance, 1955, Chap. 16.
1990 1995  #
1991 1996  #     (1) Subject to this section, standard time shall be reckoned as nine
1992 1997  #     hours behind Greenwich Time and called Yukon Standard Time.
1993 1998  #
1994 1999  #     (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Commissioner may make regulations
1995 2000  #     varying the manner of reckoning standard time.
1996 2001  #
1997 2002  # * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance
1998 2003  #   http://? - no online source found
1999 2004  #
2000 2005  # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC,
2001 2006  #   Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
2002 2007  #   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970JRASC..64..129T from p.156: Yukon
2003 2008  #   Territory Commissioner's Order 1967-59 Interpretation Ordinance ...
2004 2009  #
2005 2010  #     1. Commissioner's Order 1966-20 dated at Whitehorse in the Yukon
2006 2011  #     Territory on 27th January, 1966, is hereby revoked.
2007 2012  #
2008 2013  #     2. Yukon (East) Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the
2009 2014  #     Interpretation Ordinance from and after mid-night on the 28th day of May,
2010 2015  #     1967 shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that
2011 2016  #     is to say, eight hours behind Greenwich Time in the area of the Yukon
2012 2017  #     Territory lying east of the 138th degree longitude west.
2013 2018  #
2014 2019  #     3. In the remainder of the Territory, lying west of the 138th degree
2015 2020  #     longitude west, Yukon (West) Standard Time shall be reckoned as nine
2016 2021  #     hours behind Greenwich Time.
2017 2022  #
2018 2023  # * Yukon Standard Time defined as Pacific Standard Time, YCO 1973/214
2019 2024  #   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yco-1973-214/latest/yco-1973-214.html
2020 2025  #   C.O. 1973/214 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
2021 2026  #
2022 2027  #     1. Effective October 28, 1973 Commissioner's Order 1967/59 is hereby
2023 2028  #     revoked.
2024 2029  #
2025 2030  #     2. Yukon Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the Interpretation
2026 2031  #     Act from and after midnight on the twenty-eighth day of October, 1973
2027 2032  #     shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that is
2028 2033  #     to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time.
2029 2034  #
2030 2035  # * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT
2031 2036  #   http://? - no online source found
2032 2037  #
2033 2038  # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56
2034 2039  #   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html
2035 2040  #   O.I.C. 1987/056 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
2036 2041  #
2037 2042  #   In every year between
2038 2043  #     (a) two o'clock in the morning in the first Sunday in April, and
2039 2044  #     (b) two o'clock in the morning in the last Sunday in October,
2040 2045  #   Standard Time shall be reckoned as seven hours behind Greenwich Time and
2041 2046  #   called Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
2042 2047  #   ...
2043 2048  #   Dated ... 9th day of March, A.D., 1987.
2044 2049  #
2045 2050  # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time 2006, YOIC 2006/127
2046 2051  #   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-2006-127/latest/yoic-2006-127.html
2047 2052  #   O.I.C. 2006/127 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
2048 2053  #
2049 2054  #     1. In Yukon each year the time for general purposes shall be 7 hours
2050 2055  #     behind Greenwich mean time during the period commencing at two o'clock
2051 2056  #     in the forenoon on the second Sunday of March and ending at two o'clock
2052 2057  #     in the forenoon on the first Sunday of November and shall be called
2053 2058  #     Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
2054 2059  #
2055 2060  #     2. Order-in-Council 1987/56 is revoked.
2056 2061  #
2057 2062  #     3. This order comes into force January 1, 2007.
2058 2063  #
2059 2064  # * Interpretation Act, RSY 2002, c 125
2060 2065  # http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/stat/rsy-2002-c-125/latest/rsy-2002-c-125.html
2061 2066  
2062 2067  # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
2063 2068  # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
2064 2069  # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
2065 2070  # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
2066 2071  #
2067 2072  # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
2068 2073  # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
2069 2074  # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
2070 2075  
2071 2076  # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2072 2077  # Basic Facts: The New Territory
2073 2078  # http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
2074 2079  # (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
2075 2080  # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
2076 2081  # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
2077 2082  
2078 2083  # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
2079 2084  # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
2080 2085  # Pangnirtung wobbled.  Here is the result of their wobble:
2081 2086  #
2082 2087  # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
2083 2088  #
2084 2089  #       First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
2085 2090  #       Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
2086 2091  #
2087 2092  # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
2088 2093  #
2089 2094  #       Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
2090 2095  #
2091 2096  # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
2092 2097  # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
2093 2098  # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
2094 2099  # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
2095 2100  # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
2096 2101  # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
2097 2102  # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
2098 2103  # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
2099 2104  # the current state of affairs.
2100 2105  
2101 2106  # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
2102 2107  # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
2103 2108  # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
2104 2109  # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
2105 2110  # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
2106 2111  # for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
2107 2112  # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
2108 2113  
2109 2114  # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
2110 2115  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
2111 2116  # for these potential new Zones.
2112 2117  #
2113 2118  # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
2114 2119  # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
2115 2120  # zone] skip daylight savings.  Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
2116 2121  # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
2117 2122  # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
2118 2123  # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
2119 2124  # required to use daylight savings.
2120 2125  
2121 2126  # From <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html>
2122 2127  # Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
2123 2128  # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
2124 2129  # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
2125 2130  # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
2126 2131  # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
2127 2132  # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
2128 2133  # the rest of the territory for the winter.  Cambridge Bay remained on
2129 2134  # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
2130 2135  # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
2131 2136  # unified time zone in 1999.
2132 2137  #
2133 2138  # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
2134 2139  # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
2135 2140  
2136 2141  # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2137 2142  # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
2138 2143  
2139 2144  # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
2140 2145  # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
2141 2146  # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
2142 2147  # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern).  Of the
2143 2148  # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
2144 2149  # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round.  I'm
2145 2150  # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
2146 2151  # more.
2147 2152  # [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
2148 2153  
2149 2154  # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
2150 2155  # According to ...
2151 2156  # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
2152 2157  # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
2153 2158  # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
2154 2159  # round.  Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
2155 2160  # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
2156 2161  # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
2157 2162  # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
2158 2163  #
2159 2164  # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-17):
2160 2165  # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
2161 2166  # daylight saving only during wartime.  Gwillim Law's email also
2162 2167  # mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada;
2163 2168  # see above for an up-to-date link.
2164 2169  
2165 2170  # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
2166 2171  # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
2167 2172  # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
2168 2173  # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
2169 2174  # daylight saving....
2170 2175  # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
2171 2176  
2172 2177  # From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
2173 2178  # Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
2174 2179  # Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
2175 2180  # the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
2176 2181  # decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
2177 2182  #
2178 2183  # According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
2179 2184  # went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
2180 2185  #
2181 2186  # On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
2182 2187  # 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
2183 2188  # talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
2184 2189  # to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
2185 2190  # explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
2186 2191  # (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
2187 2192  # i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
2188 2193  # had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
2189 2194  # so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
2190 2195  #
2191 2196  # On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
2192 2197  # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
2193 2198  # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
2194 2199  # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
2195 2200  # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
2196 2201  # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
2197 2202  # and worked in Resolute Bay...
2198 2203  #
2199 2204  # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
2200 2205  # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
2201 2206  # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
2202 2207  # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
2203 2208  # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
2204 2209  # tell me when the practice had stopped.
2205 2210  #
2206 2211  # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
2207 2212  # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
2208 2213  # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
2209 2214  # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
2210 2215  # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
2211 2216  # Aziz:
2212 2217  # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
2213 2218  #
2214 2219  # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
2215 2220  # Eastern Standard Time.
2216 2221  #
2217 2222  # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
2218 2223  # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
2219 2224  # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
2220 2225  # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
2221 2226  #
2222 2227  # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
2223 2228  #
2224 2229  # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
2225 2230  # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
2226 2231  # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
2227 2232  # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
2228 2233  #
2229 2234  # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
2230 2235  # never have contacted her.  I now believe that all the information I
2231 2236  # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
2232 2237  # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
2233 2238  
2234 2239  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2235 2240  Rule    NT_YK   1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
2236 2241  Rule    NT_YK   1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
2237 2242  Rule    NT_YK   1919    only    -       May     25      2:00    1:00    D
2238 2243  Rule    NT_YK   1919    only    -       Nov      1      0:00    0       S
2239 2244  Rule    NT_YK   1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
2240 2245  Rule    NT_YK   1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
2241 2246  Rule    NT_YK   1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
2242 2247  Rule    NT_YK   1965    only    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    2:00    DD
2243 2248  Rule    NT_YK   1965    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2244 2249  Rule    NT_YK   1980    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2245 2250  Rule    NT_YK   1980    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2246 2251  Rule    NT_YK   1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
2247 2252  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2248 2253  # aka Panniqtuuq
2249 2254  Zone America/Pangnirtung 0      -       -00     1921 # trading post est.
2250 2255                          -4:00   NT_YK   A%sT    1995 Apr Sun>=1  2:00
2251 2256                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
2252 2257                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2253 2258                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT
2254 2259  # formerly Frobisher Bay
2255 2260  Zone America/Iqaluit    0       -       -00     1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
2256 2261                          -5:00   NT_YK   E%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
2257 2262                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2258 2263                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT
2259 2264  # aka Qausuittuq
2260 2265  Zone America/Resolute   0       -       -00     1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
2261 2266                          -6:00   NT_YK   C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2262 2267                          -5:00   -       EST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
2263 2268                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2006 Oct 29  2:00
2264 2269                          -5:00   -       EST     2007 Mar 11  3:00
2265 2270                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT
2266 2271  # aka Kangiqiniq
2267 2272  Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0     -       -00     1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
2268 2273                          -6:00   NT_YK   C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2269 2274                          -5:00   -       EST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
2270 2275                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT
2271 2276  # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
2272 2277  Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0    -       -00     1920 # trading post est.?
2273 2278                          -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
2274 2279                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2275 2280                          -5:00   -       EST     2000 Nov  5  0:00
2276 2281                          -6:00   -       CST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
2277 2282                          -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2278 2283  Zone America/Yellowknife 0      -       -00     1935 # Yellowknife founded?
2279 2284                          -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1980
2280 2285                          -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2281 2286  Zone America/Inuvik     0       -       -00     1953 # Inuvik founded
2282 2287                          -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1979 Apr lastSun  2:00
2283 2288                          -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1980
2284 2289                          -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2285 2290  Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
2286 2291                          -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1967 May 28  0:00
2287 2292                          -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1980
2288 2293                          -8:00   Canada  P%sT
2289 2294  Zone America/Dawson     -9:17:40 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
2290 2295                          -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1973 Oct 28  0:00
2291 2296                          -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1980
2292 2297                          -8:00   Canada  P%sT
2293 2298  
2294 2299  
2295 2300  ###############################################################################
2296 2301  
2297 2302  # Mexico
2298 2303  
2299 2304  # From Paul Eggert (2014-12-07):
2300 2305  # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
2301 2306  # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
2302 2307  # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
2303 2308  # http://www.diputados.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/index.htm
2304 2309  #
2305 2310  # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
2306 2311  # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
2307 2312  # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
2308 2313  # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
2309 2314  # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
2310 2315  # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
2311 2316  
2312 2317  # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
2313 2318  # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
2314 2319  # tz database.  I think they can best be explained by supposing that
2315 2320  # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
2316 2321  # the relevant documents.
2317 2322  
2318 2323  # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
2319 2324  # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
2320 2325  # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
2321 2326  #
2322 2327  # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
2323 2328  #
2324 2329  # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
2325 2330  # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
2326 2331  #
2327 2332  # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
2328 2333  #    - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
2329 2334  #    - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
2330 2335  #    - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
2331 2336  #
2332 2337  # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
2333 2338  #    at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
2334 2339  #    BajaNorte: GMT+7
2335 2340  #    BajaSur:   GMT+6
2336 2341  #    General:   GMT+5
2337 2342  #
2338 2343  # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
2339 2344  #    BajaNorte: GMT+8
2340 2345  #    BajaSur:   GMT+7
2341 2346  #    General:   GMT+6
2342 2347  #
2343 2348  # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
2344 2349  #
2345 2350  # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
2346 2351  # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
2347 2352  # For an English translation of the decree, see
2348 2353  # "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
2349 2354  # http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
2350 2355  
2351 2356  # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
2352 2357  # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
2353 2358  # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
2354 2359  
2355 2360  # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
2356 2361  # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
2357 2362  # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
2358 2363  # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
2359 2364  # Arizona year round.
2360 2365  
2361 2366  # From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
2362 2367  # <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
2363 2368  # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
2364 2369  # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
2365 2370  # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
2366 2371  # whole year.
2367 2372  
2368 2373  # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
2369 2374  # <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
2370 2375  # (translated):...
2371 2376  # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
2372 2377  # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
2373 2378  # this year....
2374 2379  # http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
2375 2380  # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
2376 2381  # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
2377 2382  
2378 2383  # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
2379 2384  # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
2380 2385  # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
2381 2386  # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
2382 2387  # ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
2383 2388  # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
2384 2389  # the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
2385 2390  # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
2386 2391  
2387 2392  # Official statute published by the Energy Department
2388 2393  # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
2389 2394  # (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
2390 2395  # and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
2391 2396  
2392 2397  # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
2393 2398  #
2394 2399  # http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
2395 2400  # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
2396 2401  # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
2397 2402  # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
2398 2403  #   the Federal District will not adopt DST.
2399 2404  # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
2400 2405  # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
2401 2406  #   the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
2402 2407  #
2403 2408  # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
2404 2409  
2405 2410  # From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
2406 2411  # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
2407 2412  # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
2408 2413  # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
2409 2414  # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
2410 2415  # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
2411 2416  # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
2412 2417  # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
2413 2418  # September 30, 2001.
2414 2419  # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <http://www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
2415 2420  # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
2416 2421  
2417 2422  # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
2418 2423  # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
2419 2424  # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
2420 2425  # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
2421 2426  # next year....  The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
2422 2427  # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
2423 2428  # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
2424 2429  # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
2425 2430  
2426 2431  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
2427 2432  # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
2428 2433  # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
2429 2434  # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
2430 2435  # confirms this.  Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
2431 2436  
2432 2437  # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
2433 2438  #
2434 2439  # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2435 2440  # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
2436 2441  # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
2437 2442  # > the United States.
2438 2443  # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
2439 2444  # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
2440 2445  # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
2441 2446  # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
2442 2447  # (Spanish)
2443 2448  #
2444 2449  # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
2445 2450  # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
2446 2451  # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
2447 2452  #
2448 2453  # There is also a list of the votes here:
2449 2454  # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
2450 2455  #
2451 2456  # Our page:
2452 2457  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
2453 2458  
2454 2459  # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
2455 2460  # The page
2456 2461  # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2457 2462  # includes this text:
2458 2463  # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
2459 2464  # Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
2460 2465  # Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
2461 2466  # Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
2462 2467  # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
2463 2468  # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2464 2469  # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
2465 2470  # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
2466 2471  # internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
2467 2472  # kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
2468 2473  # interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
2469 2474  # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
2470 2475  # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2471 2476  
2472 2477  # From Steffen Thorsen (2014-12-08), translated by Gwillim Law:
2473 2478  # The Mexican state of Quintana Roo will likely change to EST in 2015.
2474 2479  #
2475 2480  # http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2014/12/04/medio-ambiente/congreso-aprueba-una-hora-mas-de-sol-en-qroo
2476 2481  # "With this change, the time conflict that has existed between the municipios
2477 2482  # of Quintana Roo and the municipio of Felipe Carrillo Puerto may come to an
2478 2483  # end. The latter declared itself in rebellion 15 years ago when a time change
2479 2484  # was initiated in Mexico, and since then it has refused to change its time
2480 2485  # zone along with the rest of the country."
2481 2486  #
2482 2487  # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-01-14), translated by Gwillim Law:
2483 2488  # http://sipse.com/novedades/confirman-aplicacion-de-nueva-zona-horaria-para-quintana-roo-132331.html
2484 2489  # "...the new time zone will come into effect at two o'clock on the first Sunday
2485 2490  # of February, when we will have to advance the clock one hour from its current
2486 2491  # time..."
2487 2492  # Also, the new zone will not use DST.
2488 2493  #
2489 2494  # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2015-02-02):
2490 2495  # The decree that modifies the Mexican Hour System Law has finally
2491 2496  # been published at the Diario Oficial de la Federación
2492 2497  # http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5380123&fecha=31/01/2015
2493 2498  # It establishes 5 zones for Mexico:
2494 2499  # 1- Zona Centro (Central Zone): Corresponds to longitude 90 W,
2495 2500  #    includes most of Mexico, excluding what's mentioned below.
2496 2501  # 2- Zona Pacífico (Pacific Zone): Longitude 105 W, includes the
2497 2502  #    states of Baja California Sur; Chihuahua; Nayarit (excluding Bahía
2498 2503  #    de Banderas which lies in Central Zone); Sinaloa and Sonora.
2499 2504  # 3- Zona Noroeste (Northwest Zone): Longitude 120 W, includes the
2500 2505  #    state of Baja California.
2501 2506  # 4- Zona Sureste (Southeast Zone): Longitude 75 W, includes the state
2502 2507  #    of Quintana Roo.
2503 2508  # 5- The islands, reefs and keys shall take their timezone from the
2504 2509  #    longitude they are located at.
2505 2510  
2506 2511  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2507 2512  Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Feb     5       0:00    1:00    D
2508 2513  Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Jun     25      0:00    0       S
2509 2514  Rule    Mexico  1940    only    -       Dec     9       0:00    1:00    D
2510 2515  Rule    Mexico  1941    only    -       Apr     1       0:00    0       S
2511 2516  Rule    Mexico  1943    only    -       Dec     16      0:00    1:00    W # War
2512 2517  Rule    Mexico  1944    only    -       May     1       0:00    0       S
2513 2518  Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Feb     12      0:00    1:00    D
2514 2519  Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Jul     30      0:00    0       S
2515 2520  Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
2516 2521  Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2517 2522  Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       May     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
2518 2523  Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2519 2524  Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
2520 2525  Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2521 2526  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2522 2527  # Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
2523 2528  Zone America/Cancun     -5:47:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
2524 2529                          -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
2525 2530                          -5:00   Mexico  E%sT    1998 Aug  2  2:00
2526 2531                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2015 Feb  1  2:00
2527 2532                          -5:00   -       EST
2528 2533  # Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
2529 2534  Zone America/Merida     -5:58:28 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
2530 2535                          -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
2531 2536                          -5:00   -       EST     1982 Dec  2
2532 2537                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2533 2538  # Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
2534 2539  # This includes the following municipalities:
2535 2540  #   in Coahuila: Ocampo, Acuña, Zaragoza, Jiménez, Piedras Negras, Nava,
2536 2541  #     Guerrero, Hidalgo.
2537 2542  #   in Nuevo León: Anáhuac, Los Aldama.
2538 2543  #   in Tamaulipas: Nuevo Laredo, Guerrero, Mier, Miguel Alemán, Camargo,
2539 2544  #     Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Reynosa, Río Bravo, Valle Hermoso, Matamoros.
2540 2545  # See: Inicia mañana Horario de Verano en zona fronteriza, El Universal,
2541 2546  # 2016-03-12
2542 2547  # http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/estados/2016/03/12/inicia-manana-horario-de-verano-en-zona-fronteriza
2543 2548  Zone America/Matamoros  -6:40:00 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
2544 2549                          -6:00   -       CST     1988
2545 2550                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1989
2546 2551                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2010
2547 2552                          -6:00   US      C%sT
2548 2553  # Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
2549 2554  Zone America/Monterrey  -6:41:16 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
2550 2555                          -6:00   -       CST     1988
2551 2556                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1989
2552 2557                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2553 2558  # Central Mexico
2554 2559  Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -     LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
2555 2560                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2556 2561                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2557 2562                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2558 2563                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2559 2564                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2560 2565                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2001 Sep 30  2:00
2561 2566                          -6:00   -       CST     2002 Feb 20
2562 2567                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2563 2568  # Chihuahua (near US border)
2564 2569  # This includes the municipalities of Janos, Ascensión, Juárez, Guadalupe,
2565 2570  # Práxedis G Guerrero, Coyame del Sotol, Ojinaga, and Manuel Benavides.
2566 2571  # (See the 2016-03-12 El Universal source mentioned above.)
2567 2572  Zone America/Ojinaga    -6:57:40 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:02:20
2568 2573                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2569 2574                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2570 2575                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2571 2576                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2572 2577                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2573 2578                          -6:00   -       CST     1996
2574 2579                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    1998
2575 2580                          -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
2576 2581                          -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    2010
2577 2582                          -7:00   US      M%sT
2578 2583  # Chihuahua (away from US border)
2579 2584  Zone America/Chihuahua  -7:04:20 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
2580 2585                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2581 2586                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2582 2587                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2583 2588                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2584 2589                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2585 2590                          -6:00   -       CST     1996
2586 2591                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    1998
2587 2592                          -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
2588 2593                          -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
2589 2594  # Sonora
2590 2595  Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
2591 2596                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2592 2597                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2593 2598                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2594 2599                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2595 2600                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2596 2601                          -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2597 2602                          -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2598 2603                          -8:00   -       PST     1970
2599 2604                          -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    1999
2600 2605                          -7:00   -       MST
2601 2606  
2602 2607  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
2603 2608  # According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
2604 2609  # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
2605 2610  # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
2606 2611  #
2607 2612  # (Spanish)
2608 2613  # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
2609 2614  # país, a partir de este domingo
2610 2615  # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
2611 2616  #
2612 2617  # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
2613 2618  # País
2614 2619  # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
2615 2620  #
2616 2621  # (English)
2617 2622  # Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
2618 2623  # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
2619 2624  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
2620 2625  #
2621 2626  # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
2622 2627  # will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
2623 2628  # zone ..."
2624 2629  # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
2625 2630  
2626 2631  # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
2627 2632  # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
2628 2633  
2629 2634  # Mazatlán
2630 2635  Zone America/Mazatlan   -7:05:40 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
2631 2636                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2632 2637                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2633 2638                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2634 2639                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2635 2640                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2636 2641                          -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2637 2642                          -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2638 2643                          -8:00   -       PST     1970
2639 2644                          -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
2640 2645  
2641 2646  # Bahía de Banderas
2642 2647  Zone America/Bahia_Banderas     -7:01:00 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
2643 2648                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2644 2649                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2645 2650                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2646 2651                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2647 2652                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2648 2653                          -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2649 2654                          -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2650 2655                          -8:00   -       PST     1970
2651 2656                          -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    2010 Apr  4  2:00
2652 2657                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2653 2658  
2654 2659  # Baja California
2655 2660  Zone America/Tijuana    -7:48:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
2656 2661                          -7:00   -       MST     1924
2657 2662                          -8:00   -       PST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2658 2663                          -7:00   -       MST     1930 Nov 15
2659 2664                          -8:00   -       PST     1931 Apr  1
2660 2665                          -8:00   1:00    PDT     1931 Sep 30
2661 2666                          -8:00   -       PST     1942 Apr 24
2662 2667                          -8:00   1:00    PWT     1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2663 2668                          -8:00   1:00    PPT     1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2664 2669                          -8:00   -       PST     1948 Apr  5
2665 2670                          -8:00   1:00    PDT     1949 Jan 14
2666 2671                          -8:00   -       PST     1954
2667 2672                          -8:00   CA      P%sT    1961
2668 2673                          -8:00   -       PST     1976
2669 2674                          -8:00   US      P%sT    1996
2670 2675                          -8:00   Mexico  P%sT    2001
2671 2676                          -8:00   US      P%sT    2002 Feb 20
2672 2677                          -8:00   Mexico  P%sT    2010
2673 2678                          -8:00   US      P%sT
2674 2679  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2675 2680  # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
2676 2681  # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
2677 2682  # through 1995.  This was as per Shanks (1999).  But Shanks & Pottenger say
2678 2683  # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975.  Guy Harris reports
2679 2684  # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
2680 2685  # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
2681 2686  # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then.  This concerns
2682 2687  # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
2683 2688  # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
2684 2689  # name or contents should be.
2685 2690  #
2686 2691  # From Paul Eggert (2015-10-08):
2687 2692  # Formerly there was an America/Santa_Isabel zone, but this appears to
2688 2693  # have come from a misreading of
2689 2694  # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2690 2695  # It has been moved to the 'backward' file.
2691 2696  #
2692 2697  #
2693 2698  # Revillagigedo Is
2694 2699  # no information
2695 2700  
2696 2701  ###############################################################################
2697 2702  
2698 2703  # Anguilla
2699 2704  # Antigua and Barbuda
2700 2705  # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2701 2706  
2702 2707  # Bahamas
2703 2708  #
2704 2709  # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
2705 2710  #
2706 2711  # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
2707 2712  # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
2708 2713  # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
2709 2714  # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
2710 2715  
2711 2716  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2712 2717  Rule    Bahamas 1964    1975    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2713 2718  Rule    Bahamas 1964    1975    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2714 2719  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2715 2720  Zone    America/Nassau  -5:09:30 -      LMT     1912 Mar 2
2716 2721                          -5:00   Bahamas E%sT    1976
2717 2722                          -5:00   US      E%sT
2718 2723  
2719 2724  # Barbados
2720 2725  
2721 2726  # For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
2722 2727  
2723 2728  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2724 2729  Rule    Barb    1977    only    -       Jun     12      2:00    1:00    D
2725 2730  Rule    Barb    1977    1978    -       Oct     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S
2726 2731  Rule    Barb    1978    1980    -       Apr     Sun>=15 2:00    1:00    D
  
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2727 2732  Rule    Barb    1979    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
2728 2733  Rule    Barb    1980    only    -       Sep     25      2:00    0       S
2729 2734  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2730 2735  Zone America/Barbados   -3:58:29 -      LMT     1924 # Bridgetown
2731 2736                          -3:58:29 -      BMT     1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
2732 2737                          -4:00   Barb    A%sT
2733 2738  
2734 2739  # Belize
2735 2740  # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2736 2741  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2737      -Rule    Belize  1918    1942    -       Oct     Sun>=2  0:00    0:30    HD
2738      -Rule    Belize  1919    1943    -       Feb     Sun>=9  0:00    0       S
2739      -Rule    Belize  1973    only    -       Dec      5      0:00    1:00    D
2740      -Rule    Belize  1974    only    -       Feb      9      0:00    0       S
2741      -Rule    Belize  1982    only    -       Dec     18      0:00    1:00    D
2742      -Rule    Belize  1983    only    -       Feb     12      0:00    0       S
     2742 +Rule    Belize  1918    1942    -       Oct     Sun>=2  0:00    0:30    -0530
     2743 +Rule    Belize  1919    1943    -       Feb     Sun>=9  0:00    0       CST
     2744 +Rule    Belize  1973    only    -       Dec      5      0:00    1:00    CDT
     2745 +Rule    Belize  1974    only    -       Feb      9      0:00    0       CST
     2746 +Rule    Belize  1982    only    -       Dec     18      0:00    1:00    CDT
     2747 +Rule    Belize  1983    only    -       Feb     12      0:00    0       CST
2743 2748  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2744 2749  Zone    America/Belize  -5:52:48 -      LMT     1912 Apr
2745      -                        -6:00   Belize  C%sT
     2750 +                        -6:00   Belize  %s
2746 2751  
2747 2752  # Bermuda
2748 2753  
2749 2754  # For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
2750 2755  # Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that.
2751 2756  
2752 2757  # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
2753 2758  
2754 2759  # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
2755 2760  # in March, until the first Sunday in November.  And, after the Time Zone
2756 2761  # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
2757 2762  # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
2758 2763  # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
2759 2764  
2760 2765  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2761 2766  Zone Atlantic/Bermuda   -4:19:18 -      LMT     1930 Jan  1  2:00 # Hamilton
2762 2767                          -4:00   -       AST     1974 Apr 28  2:00
2763 2768                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1976
2764 2769                          -4:00   US      A%sT
2765 2770  
2766 2771  # Cayman Is
2767 2772  # See America/Panama.
2768 2773  
2769 2774  # Costa Rica
2770 2775  
2771 2776  # Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
2772 2777  
2773 2778  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2774 2779  Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Feb     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
2775 2780  Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Jun     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
2776 2781  Rule    CR      1991    1992    -       Jan     Sat>=15 0:00    1:00    D
2777 2782  # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
2778 2783  # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2779 2784  Rule    CR      1991    only    -       Jul      1      0:00    0       S
2780 2785  Rule    CR      1992    only    -       Mar     15      0:00    0       S
2781 2786  # There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
2782 2787  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2783 2788  Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 -      LMT     1890        # San José
2784 2789                          -5:36:13 -      SJMT    1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
2785 2790                          -6:00   CR      C%sT
2786 2791  # Coco
2787 2792  # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
2788 2793  
2789 2794  # Cuba
2790 2795  
2791 2796  # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2792 2797  # Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
2793 2798  # for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
2794 2799  # For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
2795 2800  
2796 2801  # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
2797 2802  # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
2798 2803  # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
2799 2804  # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
2800 2805  # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
2801 2806  # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
2802 2807  # Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
2803 2808  # sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
2804 2809  # to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
2805 2810  # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
2806 2811  
2807 2812  # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
2808 2813  # DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
2809 2814  # years before.  The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
2810 2815  # https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
2811 2816  
2812 2817  # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
2813 2818  # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
2814 2819  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2815 2820  # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
2816 2821  # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
2817 2822  # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
2818 2823  # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
2819 2824  # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
2820 2825  
2821 2826  # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
2822 2827  # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
2823 2828  # adjustment in Cuba.  We will stay in daylight saving time:
2824 2829  # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
2825 2830  
2826 2831  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
2827 2832  # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
2828 2833  # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
2829 2834  # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
2830 2835  # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
2831 2836  # watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
2832 2837  # to the normal schedule....
2833 2838  
2834 2839  # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
2835 2840  # <http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html>, dated yesterday,
2836 2841  # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
2837 2842  # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
2838 2843  # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
2839 2844  #
2840 2845  # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
2841 2846  # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
2842 2847  # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
2843 2848  #
2844 2849  # He supplied these references:
2845 2850  #
2846 2851  # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
2847 2852  # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
2848 2853  #
2849 2854  # From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
2850 2855  # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
2851 2856  #
2852 2857  # Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
2853 2858  # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
2854 2859  #
2855 2860  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
2856 2861  
2857 2862  # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
2858 2863  # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
2859 2864  # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
2860 2865  # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
2861 2866  # a Cuban information station, and heard
2862 2867  # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
2863 2868  # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
2864 2869  
2865 2870  # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
2866 2871  # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
2867 2872  # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
2868 2873  # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
2869 2874  #
2870 2875  # Some more background information is posted here:
2871 2876  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
2872 2877  #
2873 2878  # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
2874 2879  # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
2875 2880  # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
2876 2881  # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
2877 2882  # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
2878 2883  # change some historic records as well.
2879 2884  #
2880 2885  # One example:
2881 2886  # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
2882 2887  
2883 2888  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
2884 2889  # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
2885 2890  # web site, the Granma.  Please check out
2886 2891  # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
2887 2892  #
2888 2893  # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
2889 2894  # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
2890 2895  
2891 2896  # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
2892 2897  # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
2893 2898  
2894 2899  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
2895 2900  # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
2896 2901  # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
2897 2902  # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
2898 2903  #
2899 2904  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
2900 2905  # (in Spanish)
2901 2906  
2902 2907  # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
2903 2908  # I listened over the Internet to
2904 2909  # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
2905 2910  # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
2906 2911  # the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
2907 2912  # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
2908 2913  
2909 2914  # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
2910 2915  # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
2911 2916  # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
2912 2917  # changed at all).
2913 2918  #
2914 2919  # Source:
2915 2920  # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
2916 2921  #
2917 2922  # Our info:
2918 2923  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
2919 2924  #
2920 2925  # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
2921 2926  # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
2922 2927  # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
2923 2928  #
2924 2929  # One source (Spanish)
2925 2930  # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
2926 2931  #
2927 2932  # Our page:
2928 2933  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
2929 2934  #
2930 2935  # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
2931 2936  # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
2932 2937  # 31 and April 1.
2933 2938  #
2934 2939  # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
2935 2940  # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
2936 2941  #
2937 2942  # Our info on it:
2938 2943  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
2939 2944  
2940 2945  # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
2941 2946  # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
2942 2947  # to standard time on 2012-11-04:
2943 2948  # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
2944 2949  # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
2945 2950  # For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
2946 2951  
2947 2952  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2948 2953  Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Jun     10      0:00    1:00    D
2949 2954  Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Oct     10      0:00    0       S
2950 2955  Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Jun     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
2951 2956  Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Sep     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
2952 2957  Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Jun     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
2953 2958  Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Sep     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
2954 2959  Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Jun     1       0:00    1:00    D
2955 2960  Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       S
2956 2961  Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       May     29      0:00    1:00    D
2957 2962  Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       Oct     2       0:00    0       S
2958 2963  Rule    Cuba    1967    only    -       Apr     8       0:00    1:00    D
2959 2964  Rule    Cuba    1967    1968    -       Sep     Sun>=8  0:00    0       S
2960 2965  Rule    Cuba    1968    only    -       Apr     14      0:00    1:00    D
2961 2966  Rule    Cuba    1969    1977    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
2962 2967  Rule    Cuba    1969    1971    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
2963 2968  Rule    Cuba    1972    1974    -       Oct     8       0:00    0       S
2964 2969  Rule    Cuba    1975    1977    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
2965 2970  Rule    Cuba    1978    only    -       May     7       0:00    1:00    D
2966 2971  Rule    Cuba    1978    1990    -       Oct     Sun>=8  0:00    0       S
2967 2972  Rule    Cuba    1979    1980    -       Mar     Sun>=15 0:00    1:00    D
2968 2973  Rule    Cuba    1981    1985    -       May     Sun>=5  0:00    1:00    D
2969 2974  Rule    Cuba    1986    1989    -       Mar     Sun>=14 0:00    1:00    D
2970 2975  Rule    Cuba    1990    1997    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
2971 2976  Rule    Cuba    1991    1995    -       Oct     Sun>=8  0:00s   0       S
2972 2977  Rule    Cuba    1996    only    -       Oct      6      0:00s   0       S
2973 2978  Rule    Cuba    1997    only    -       Oct     12      0:00s   0       S
2974 2979  Rule    Cuba    1998    1999    -       Mar     lastSun 0:00s   1:00    D
2975 2980  Rule    Cuba    1998    2003    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S
2976 2981  Rule    Cuba    2000    2003    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00s   1:00    D
2977 2982  Rule    Cuba    2004    only    -       Mar     lastSun 0:00s   1:00    D
2978 2983  Rule    Cuba    2006    2010    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S
2979 2984  Rule    Cuba    2007    only    -       Mar     Sun>=8  0:00s   1:00    D
2980 2985  Rule    Cuba    2008    only    -       Mar     Sun>=15 0:00s   1:00    D
2981 2986  Rule    Cuba    2009    2010    -       Mar     Sun>=8  0:00s   1:00    D
2982 2987  Rule    Cuba    2011    only    -       Mar     Sun>=15 0:00s   1:00    D
2983 2988  Rule    Cuba    2011    only    -       Nov     13      0:00s   0       S
2984 2989  Rule    Cuba    2012    only    -       Apr     1       0:00s   1:00    D
2985 2990  Rule    Cuba    2012    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  0:00s   0       S
2986 2991  Rule    Cuba    2013    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  0:00s   1:00    D
2987 2992  
2988 2993  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2989 2994  Zone    America/Havana  -5:29:28 -      LMT     1890
2990 2995                          -5:29:36 -      HMT     1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
2991 2996                          -5:00   Cuba    C%sT
2992 2997  
2993 2998  # Dominica
2994 2999  # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2995 3000  
2996 3001  # Dominican Republic
2997 3002  
2998 3003  # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
2999 3004  # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
3000 3005  # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
3001 3006  # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
3002 3007  
3003 3008  # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
3004 3009  # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
3005 3010  
3006 3011  # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
  
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3007 3012  # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
3008 3013  # November 28, 2000, with a new decree.  On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
3009 3014  # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
3010 3015  # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future.  The reason they
3011 3016  # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
3012 3017  # to implement DST.  When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
3013 3018  # decided to revert.
3014 3019  
3015 3020  
3016 3021  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3017      -Rule    DR      1966    only    -       Oct     30      0:00    1:00    D
3018      -Rule    DR      1967    only    -       Feb     28      0:00    0       S
3019      -Rule    DR      1969    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0:30    HD
3020      -Rule    DR      1970    only    -       Feb     21      0:00    0       S
3021      -Rule    DR      1971    only    -       Jan     20      0:00    0       S
3022      -Rule    DR      1972    1974    -       Jan     21      0:00    0       S
     3022 +Rule    DR      1966    only    -       Oct     30      0:00    1:00    EDT
     3023 +Rule    DR      1967    only    -       Feb     28      0:00    0       EST
     3024 +Rule    DR      1969    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0:30    -0430
     3025 +Rule    DR      1970    only    -       Feb     21      0:00    0       EST
     3026 +Rule    DR      1971    only    -       Jan     20      0:00    0       EST
     3027 +Rule    DR      1972    1974    -       Jan     21      0:00    0       EST
3023 3028  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3024 3029  Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -   LMT     1890
3025 3030                          -4:40   -       SDMT    1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
3026      -                        -5:00   DR      E%sT    1974 Oct 27
     3031 +                        -5:00   DR      %s      1974 Oct 27
3027 3032                          -4:00   -       AST     2000 Oct 29  2:00
3028 3033                          -5:00   US      E%sT    2000 Dec  3  1:00
3029 3034                          -4:00   -       AST
3030 3035  
3031 3036  # El Salvador
3032 3037  
3033 3038  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3034 3039  Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
3035 3040  Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3036 3041  # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
3037 3042  # instead of America/San_Salvador.
3038 3043  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3039 3044  Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -     LMT     1921 # San Salvador
3040 3045                          -6:00   Salv    C%sT
3041 3046  
3042 3047  # Grenada
3043 3048  # Guadeloupe
3044 3049  # St Barthélemy
3045 3050  # St Martin (French part)
3046 3051  # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3047 3052  
3048 3053  # Guatemala
3049 3054  #
3050 3055  # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
3051 3056  # Diario Co Latino, at
3052 3057  # <http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079>,
3053 3058  # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
3054 3059  # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
3055 3060  # impact of the elevated cost of oil....  Daylight saving time will last from
3056 3061  # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
3057 3062  # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
3058 3063  # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
3059 3064  # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00.  See
3060 3065  # http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
3061 3066  
3062 3067  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3063 3068  Rule    Guat    1973    only    -       Nov     25      0:00    1:00    D
3064 3069  Rule    Guat    1974    only    -       Feb     24      0:00    0       S
3065 3070  Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       May     21      0:00    1:00    D
3066 3071  Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       S
3067 3072  Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Mar     23      0:00    1:00    D
3068 3073  Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Sep      7      0:00    0       S
3069 3074  Rule    Guat    2006    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
3070 3075  Rule    Guat    2006    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       S
3071 3076  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3072 3077  Zone America/Guatemala  -6:02:04 -      LMT     1918 Oct 5
3073 3078                          -6:00   Guat    C%sT
3074 3079  
3075 3080  # Haiti
3076 3081  # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
3077 3082  # Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
3078 3083  # I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
3079 3084  # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
3080 3085  # <http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc>.  Translated from French, it says:
3081 3086  #
3082 3087  #  "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
3083 3088  #   and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
3084 3089  #   Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
3085 3090  #   provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
3086 3091  #   Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
3087 3092  #
3088 3093  #  "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
3089 3094  #   the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
3090 3095  #   starting at midnight.  This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
3091 3096  #   October 2005.
3092 3097  #
3093 3098  #  "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
3094 3099  #
3095 3100  # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
3096 3101  # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
3097 3102  # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
3098 3103  # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
3099 3104  # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
3100 3105  #
3101 3106  # I have found this article about it (in French):
3102 3107  # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
3103 3108  #
3104 3109  # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
3105 3110  
3106 3111  # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
3107 3112  # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
3108 3113  
3109 3114  # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
3110 3115  # According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
3111 3116  # apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
3112 3117  # So this means they have already changed their time.
3113 3118  #
3114 3119  # http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
3115 3120  # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
3116 3121  #
3117 3122  # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
3118 3123  # The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
3119 3124  # 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
3120 3125  # Assume a US-style fall back as well.
3121 3126  
3122 3127  # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
3123 3128  # It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
3124 3129  # as US/Canada.  They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
3125 3130  # are going to observe DST every year now...
3126 3131  #
  
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3127 3132  # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
3128 3133  # http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
3129 3134  
3130 3135  # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-12):
3131 3136  # Jean Antoine, editor of www.haiti-reference.com informed us that Haiti
3132 3137  # are not going on DST this year.  Several other resources confirm this: ...
3133 3138  # http://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/presse/heure_d_t_pas_de_changement_d_heure_pr_vu_pour_cet_ann_e.html
3134 3139  # http://www.vantbefinfo.com/changement-dheure-pas-pour-haiti/
3135 3140  # http://news.anmwe.com/haiti-lheure-nationale-ne-sera-ni-avancee-ni-reculee-cette-annee/
3136 3141  
     3142 +# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-03-12):
     3143 +# We have received 4 mails from different people telling that Haiti
     3144 +# has started DST again today, and this source seems to confirm that,
     3145 +# I have not been able to find a more authoritative source:
     3146 +# https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-20319-haiti-notices-time-change-in-haiti.html
     3147 +
3137 3148  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3138 3149  Rule    Haiti   1983    only    -       May     8       0:00    1:00    D
3139 3150  Rule    Haiti   1984    1987    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
3140 3151  Rule    Haiti   1983    1987    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3141 3152  # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
3142 3153  # Go with IATA.
3143 3154  Rule    Haiti   1988    1997    -       Apr     Sun>=1  1:00s   1:00    D
3144 3155  Rule    Haiti   1988    1997    -       Oct     lastSun 1:00s   0       S
3145 3156  Rule    Haiti   2005    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
3146 3157  Rule    Haiti   2005    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3147 3158  Rule    Haiti   2012    2015    -       Mar     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
3148 3159  Rule    Haiti   2012    2015    -       Nov     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S
     3160 +Rule    Haiti   2017    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
     3161 +Rule    Haiti   2017    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S
3149 3162  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3150 3163  Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -  LMT     1890
3151 3164                          -4:49   -       PPMT    1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
3152 3165                          -5:00   Haiti   E%sT
3153 3166  
3154 3167  # Honduras
3155 3168  # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
3156 3169  
3157 3170  # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
3158 3171  # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
3159 3172  # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
3160 3173  # months until September.  La Tribuna reported today
3161 3174  # <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
3162 3175  # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
3163 3176  
3164 3177  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
3165 3178  # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
3166 3179  # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
3167 3180  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
3168 3181  
3169 3182  # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
3170 3183  # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
3171 3184  # http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
3172 3185  # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
3173 3186  
3174 3187  # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
3175 3188  # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
3176 3189  # published, I have located this authoritative source:
3177 3190  # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
3178 3191  
3179 3192  # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
3180 3193  # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
3181 3194  # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
3182 3195  
3183 3196  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3184 3197  Rule    Hond    1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
3185 3198  Rule    Hond    1987    1988    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3186 3199  Rule    Hond    2006    only    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
3187 3200  Rule    Hond    2006    only    -       Aug     Mon>=1  0:00    0       S
3188 3201  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3189 3202  Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -     LMT     1921 Apr
3190 3203                          -6:00   Hond    C%sT
3191 3204  #
3192 3205  # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
3193 3206  
3194 3207  # Jamaica
3195 3208  # Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
3196 3209  # unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
3197 3210  # island".  Go with Milne.  Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
3198 3211  #
3199 3212  # Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but
3200 3213  # Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5.
3201 3214  # Assume Neita meant Jan 6 02:00, the same as the US.  Neita also writes that
3202 3215  # Manley's supporters associated this act with Manley's nickname "Joshua"
3203 3216  # (recall that in the Bible the sun stood still at Joshua's request),
3204 3217  # and with the Rod of Correction which Manley said he had received from
3205 3218  # Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia.  See:
3206 3219  # Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
3207 3220  # http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
3208 3221  #
3209 3222  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3210 3223  Zone    America/Jamaica -5:07:11 -      LMT     1890        # Kingston
3211 3224                          -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
3212 3225                          -5:00   -       EST     1974
3213 3226                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1984
3214 3227                          -5:00   -       EST
3215 3228  
3216 3229  # Martinique
3217 3230  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3218 3231  Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 -      LMT     1890        # Fort-de-France
3219 3232                          -4:04:20 -      FFMT    1911 May    # Fort-de-France MT
3220 3233                          -4:00   -       AST     1980 Apr  6
3221 3234                          -4:00   1:00    ADT     1980 Sep 28
3222 3235                          -4:00   -       AST
3223 3236  
3224 3237  # Montserrat
3225 3238  # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3226 3239  
3227 3240  # Nicaragua
3228 3241  #
3229 3242  # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
3230 3243  #
3231 3244  # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
3232 3245  # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
3233 3246  # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
3234 3247  # expensive petroleum.  The exact end date for DST is not yet
3235 3248  # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
3236 3249  # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
3237 3250  # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
3238 3251  # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
3239 3252  # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
3240 3253  #
3241 3254  # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
3242 3255  # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
3243 3256  # assume that it is daylight saving....
3244 3257  #
3245 3258  # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
3246 3259  # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
3247 3260  # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
3248 3261  # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
3249 3262  # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
3250 3263  # during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
3251 3264  # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
3252 3265  # since December 1998.  I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
3253 3266  # changes in 2000.  Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
3254 3267  # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
3255 3268  #
3256 3269  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
3257 3270  # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
3258 3271  # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
3259 3272  # (2005-09-26)
3260 3273  #
3261 3274  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
3262 3275  # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
3263 3276  # (my informal translation)
3264 3277  # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
3265 3278  # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
3266 3279  # morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
3267 3280  #
3268 3281  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
3269 3282  # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
3270 3283  # My informal translation runs:
3271 3284  # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
3272 3285  # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
3273 3286  #
3274 3287  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3275 3288  Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Mar     Sun>=16 0:00    1:00    D
3276 3289  Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Jun     Mon>=23 0:00    0       S
3277 3290  Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Apr     10      0:00    1:00    D
3278 3291  Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
3279 3292  Rule    Nic     2006    only    -       Apr     30      2:00    1:00    D
3280 3293  Rule    Nic     2006    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1  1:00    0       S
3281 3294  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3282 3295  Zone    America/Managua -5:45:08 -      LMT     1890
3283 3296                          -5:45:12 -      MMT     1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
3284 3297                          -6:00   -       CST     1973 May
3285 3298                          -5:00   -       EST     1975 Feb 16
3286 3299                          -6:00   Nic     C%sT    1992 Jan  1  4:00
3287 3300                          -5:00   -       EST     1992 Sep 24
3288 3301                          -6:00   -       CST     1993
3289 3302                          -5:00   -       EST     1997
3290 3303                          -6:00   Nic     C%sT
3291 3304  
3292 3305  # Panama
3293 3306  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3294 3307  Zone    America/Panama  -5:18:08 -      LMT     1890
3295 3308                          -5:19:36 -      CMT     1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
3296 3309                          -5:00   -       EST
3297 3310  Link America/Panama America/Cayman
3298 3311  
3299 3312  # Puerto Rico
3300 3313  # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
3301 3314  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3302 3315  Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -     LMT     1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
3303 3316                          -4:00   -       AST     1942 May  3
3304 3317                          -4:00   US      A%sT    1946
3305 3318                          -4:00   -       AST
  
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3306 3319  
3307 3320  # St Kitts-Nevis
3308 3321  # St Lucia
3309 3322  # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3310 3323  
3311 3324  # St Pierre and Miquelon
3312 3325  # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
3313 3326  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3314 3327  Zone America/Miquelon   -3:44:40 -      LMT     1911 May 15 # St Pierre
3315 3328                          -4:00   -       AST     1980 May
3316      -                        -3:00   -       PMST    1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
3317      -                        -3:00   Canada  PM%sT
     3329 +                        -3:00   -       -03     1987
     3330 +                        -3:00   Canada  -03/-02
3318 3331  
3319 3332  # St Vincent and the Grenadines
3320 3333  # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3321 3334  
3322 3335  # Turks and Caicos
3323 3336  #
3324 3337  # From Chris Dunn in
3325 3338  # http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007
3326 3339  # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
3327 3340  # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
3328 3341  # the recent U.S. change of dates.
3329 3342  #
3330 3343  # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
3331 3344  # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
3332 3345  # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
3333 3346  # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
3334 3347  # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
3335 3348  # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
3336 3349  # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
3337 3350  #
3338 3351  # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
3339 3352  # The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UT -04 year-round.  See:
3340 3353  # http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
3341 3354  # Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
3342 3355  # From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
3343 3356  # ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to
3344 3357  # "permanent daylight saving time" by one year....
3345 3358  # http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm
3346 3359  #
3347 3360  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3348 3361  Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 -      LMT     1890
3349 3362                          -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3350 3363                          -5:00   -       EST     1979
3351 3364                          -5:00   US      E%sT    2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00
3352 3365                          -4:00   -       AST
3353 3366  
3354 3367  # British Virgin Is
3355 3368  # Virgin Is
3356 3369  # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3357 3370  
3358 3371  
3359 3372  # Local Variables:
3360 3373  # coding: utf-8
3361 3374  # End:
  
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