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--- old/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/europe
+++ new/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/europe
1 1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3 3
4 4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8 8
9 -# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
9 +# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
10 10 #
11 11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 15 #
16 -# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17 -# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16 +# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
17 +# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
18 18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 22 #
23 23 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
24 24 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
25 25 #
26 26 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
27 27 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
28 28 #
29 29 # Other sources occasionally used include:
30 30 #
31 31 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
32 32 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
33 33 # which I found in the UCLA library.
34 34 #
35 35 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
36 36 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
37 37 # [PDF] (1914-03)
38 38 #
39 39 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
40 40 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
41 41 # "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
42 42 # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
43 43 # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
44 44 #
45 45 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
46 46 # This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
47 47 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
48 48 # The full Russian citation is:
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49 49 # Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
50 50 # введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
51 51 # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
52 52 # Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
53 53 # http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
54 54 #
55 55 # Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
56 56 # History of Summer Time
57 57 # <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
58 58 # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
59 -
60 59 #
61 60 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
62 -# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
63 -# Corrections are welcome!
64 -# std dst 2dst
65 -# LMT Local Mean Time
66 -# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
67 -# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
68 -# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
69 -# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
70 -# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
71 -# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
72 -# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
73 -# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
74 -# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
75 -# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
76 -# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
77 -# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
78 -# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
61 +# the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time,
62 +# or are from other sources. Corrections are welcome!
63 +# std dst 2dst
64 +# LMT Local Mean Time
65 +# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
66 +# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
67 +# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
68 +# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
69 +# 0:19:32.13 AMT* NST* Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)
70 +# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
71 +# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
72 +# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)
73 +# 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)*
74 +# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
75 +# 3:00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow
79 76
80 77 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
81 78 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
82 79 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
83 80 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
84 81 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
85 82 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
86 83 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
87 84 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
88 85 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
89 86 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
90 87 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
91 88 # ...
92 89 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
93 90 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
94 91 # ...
95 92 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
96 93 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
97 94 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
98 95 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
99 96 # in the Directive.
100 97
101 98
102 99 ###############################################################################
103 100
104 101 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
105 102
106 103 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
107 104 #
108 105 # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
109 106 # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
110 107 # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
111 108 # of the text said:
112 109 #
113 110 # 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
114 111 # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
115 112 # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
116 113 # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
117 114 # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
118 115 # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
119 116 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
120 117 #
121 118 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
122 119 # position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should
123 120 # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
124 121 #
125 122 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
126 123
127 124 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
128 125 #
129 126 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
130 127 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
131 128 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
132 129 # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
133 130 # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
134 131 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
135 132 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
136 133 # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
137 134 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
138 135 # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
139 136 # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
140 137 # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
141 138 # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
142 139 # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
143 140 # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
144 141 # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
145 142 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
146 143 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
147 144 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
148 145 # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
149 146 #
150 147 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
151 148 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
152 149 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
153 150
154 151 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
155 152 # The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
156 153 # informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
157 154 # Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
158 155 # New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
159 156 # whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
160 157 # after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
161 158 # In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
162 159 # that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See:
163 160 # Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg.
164 161 # Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
165 162 # http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
166 163 # Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
167 164 # did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
168 165 #
169 166 # In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
170 167 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
171 168 # who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
172 169 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
173 170 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
174 171 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
175 172 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
176 173 # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
177 174 # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
178 175 # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
179 176 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
180 177 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
181 178 # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
182 179 # designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
183 180 # which is permanently set to Summer Time.
184 181
185 182 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
186 183 # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
187 184 # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
188 185 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
189 186 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
190 187 # foundations of civilization throughout the world.
191 188 # -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
192 189 # republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
193 190 # http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf
194 191
195 192 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
196 193 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
197 194 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
198 195 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
199 196 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
200 197 # The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see:
201 198 # Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press
202 199 # ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8.
203 200
204 201 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
205 202 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
206 203 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
207 204
208 205 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
209 206 # From: Jonathan Leffler
210 207 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
211 208 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
212 209 # politics making a fortune, not computing.
213 210
214 211 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
215 212 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
216 213 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
217 214 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
218 215 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
219 216
220 217 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
221 218 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
222 219 # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
223 220 # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
224 221
225 222 # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
226 223 # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
227 224 # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
228 225 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
229 226 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
230 227 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
231 228 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
232 229 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
233 230
234 231 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
235 232 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
236 233 # which is to be introduced in May....
237 234 # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
238 235 # which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
239 236
240 237 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
241 238 # Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
242 239 # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
243 240 # so we use 'BDST'.
244 241
245 242 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
246 243 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
247 244 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
248 245 # and extending this list, which can be found in
249 246 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
250 247
251 248 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
252 249 #
253 250 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
254 251 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech
255 252 # http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
256 253 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
257 254
258 255 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
259 256 #
260 257 # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
261 258 #
262 259 # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
263 260 # are incorrect:
264 261 # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
265 262 # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
266 263 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
267 264 # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
268 265 # It actually just had one transition.
269 266 # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
270 267 # Actually, it conformed to Britain.
271 268 # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
272 269 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
273 270 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
274 271 #
275 272 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
276 273 # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
277 274 # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
278 275 # conform with Great Britain.
279 276 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
280 277 #
281 278 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
282 279 # we'll ignore it for now.
283 280 # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
284 281 #
285 282 #
286 283 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
287 284 # Shanks & Pottenger.
288 285 # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
289 286 # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
290 287 # to London. For example:
291 288 #
292 289 # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
293 290 # -- James Joyce, Ulysses
294 291
295 292 # "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
296 293 # was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
297 294 # would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed
298 295 # Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
299 296 # -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
300 297 # Irish Times 2014-10-27.
301 298 # http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
302 299
303 300 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
304 301 # Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
305 302 # These include various relating to legal time, for example:
306 303 #
307 304 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
308 305 #
309 306 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
310 307 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
311 308 #
312 309 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
313 310 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
314 311 # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
315 312 #
316 313 # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
317 314 # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
318 315 # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
319 316 #
320 317 # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
321 318 # <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
322 319 #
323 320 # (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these
324 321 # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
325 322 # the laws applicable in Ireland.)
326 323 #
327 324 # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
328 325 # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
329 326 # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
330 327 # being GMT+1.)
331 328
332 329 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
333 330 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
334 331 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
335 332 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
336 333 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
337 334 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
338 335 # and Frethun run in CT.
339 336 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
340 337 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
341 338 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
342 339 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
343 340 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
344 341 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
345 342
346 343 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
347 344 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
348 345 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC.
349 346 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
350 347 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
351 348 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
352 349 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
353 350
354 351 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
355 352 # Summer Time Act, 1916
356 353 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
357 354 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
358 355 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
359 356 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
360 357 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
361 358 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
362 359 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
363 360 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
364 361 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
365 362 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
366 363 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
367 364 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
368 365 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
369 366 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
370 367 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
371 368 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
372 369 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
373 370 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
374 371 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
375 372 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
376 373 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
377 374 # The Summer Time Act, 1922
378 375 Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
379 376 Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
380 377 Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
381 378 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
382 379 # The Summer Time Act, 1925
383 380 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
384 381 Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
385 382 Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
386 383 Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
387 384 Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
388 385 Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
389 386 Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
390 387 Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
391 388 Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
392 389 Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
393 390 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
394 391 # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
395 392 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
396 393 # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
397 394 Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
398 395 # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
399 396 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
400 397 Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
401 398 # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
402 399 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
403 400 # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
404 401 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
405 402 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
406 403 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
407 404 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
408 405 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
409 406 Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
410 407 Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
411 408 # The Summer Time Act, 1947
412 409 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
413 410 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
414 411 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
415 412 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
416 413 # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
417 414 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
418 415 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
419 416 # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
420 417 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
421 418 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
422 419 # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
423 420 # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
424 421 # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
425 422 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
426 423 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
427 424 # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
428 425 Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
429 426 Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
430 427 Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
431 428 Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
432 429 Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
433 430 Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
434 431 Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
435 432 # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
436 433 # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
437 434 # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
438 435 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
439 436 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
440 437 # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
441 438 # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
442 439 # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
443 440 Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
444 441 # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
445 442 Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
446 443 # The British Standard Time Act, 1968
447 444 # (no summer time)
448 445 # The Summer Time Act, 1972
449 446 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
450 447 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
451 448 # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
452 449 # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
453 450 # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
454 451 # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
455 452 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
456 453 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
457 454 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
458 455 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
459 456 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
460 457 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
461 458 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
462 459 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
463 460 #
464 461 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
465 462
466 463 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
467 464 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
|
↓ open down ↓ |
379 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
468 465 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
469 466 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
470 467 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
471 468 0:00 EU GMT/BST
472 469 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
473 470 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
474 471 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
475 472
476 473 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
477 474 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
478 - -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
475 + -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
479 476 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
480 477 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
481 478 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
482 479 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
483 480 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
484 481 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
485 482 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
486 483 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
487 484 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
488 485 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
489 486 0:00 EU GMT/IST
490 487
491 488 ###############################################################################
492 489
493 490 # Europe
494 491
495 492 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
496 493 # Common Market, etc.
497 494
498 495 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
499 496 Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
500 497 Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
501 498 Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
502 499 Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
503 500 Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
504 501 Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
505 502 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
506 503 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
507 504 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
508 505 # http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
509 506
510 507 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
511 508 Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
512 509 Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
513 510 Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
514 511 Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
515 512 Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
516 513 Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
517 514
518 515 # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
519 516 # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
520 517 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
521 518 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
522 519 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
523 520 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
524 521 Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
525 522 Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
526 523 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
527 524 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
528 525 Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
529 526 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
530 527 Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
531 528 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
532 529 #
533 530 # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
534 531 # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
535 532 # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
536 533 # tz database itself, as seen below:
537 534 #
538 535 # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
539 536 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
540 537 #
541 538 # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
542 539 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
543 540 #
544 541 # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
545 542 # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
546 543 #
547 544 # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
548 545 # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
549 546 # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
550 547 #
551 548 # The rule line to be changed is:
552 549 #
553 550 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 -
554 551 #
555 552 # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
556 553 # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no
557 554 # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
558 555 # affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms
559 556 # CET and MET:
560 557 #
561 558 # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
562 559 # Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
563 560 #
564 561 # It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
565 562 #
566 563 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
567 564 #
568 565 # A small step for mankind though 8-)
569 566 Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
570 567 Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
571 568 Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
572 569 Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
573 570 Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
574 571 Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
575 572 Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
576 573
577 574 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
578 575 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
579 576 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
580 577 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
581 578 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
582 579 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
583 580 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
584 581
585 582
586 583 # Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union
587 584 #
588 585 # The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23).
589 586
590 587 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
591 588 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
592 589 #
593 590 # Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137
594 591 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
595 592 #
596 593 # Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001
597 594 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
598 595 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
599 596 #
600 597 # Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949
601 598 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
602 599 #
603 600 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 0:00u 1:00 MSD
604 601 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
605 602 #
606 603 # Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840
607 604 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
608 605 #
609 606 # Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949
610 607 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 +05
611 608 #
612 609 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
613 610 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
614 611 # Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
615 612 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
616 613 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
617 614 # Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
618 615 # Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
619 616 Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
620 617 Rule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
621 618 #
622 619 Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
623 620 # As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
624 621
625 622 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
626 623 # Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of
627 624 # Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the
628 625 # Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227.
629 626 #
630 627 # I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have
631 628 # title at http://base.garant.ru/70754136/ :
632 629 # "About change in calculation of time on the territories of
633 630 # Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan,
634 631 # Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts".
635 632 # And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to
636 633 # contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules
637 634 # of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov
638 635 # oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989:
639 636 # a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast:
640 637 # second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1);
641 638 # b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt
642 639 # rules (Moscow time)
643 640 # c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1).
644 641
645 642 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
646 643 # Unamended version of the act of the
647 644 # Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992
648 645 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0
649 646 # says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday
650 647 # of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September
651 648 # at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October.
652 649
653 650 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
654 651 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
655 652 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
656 653 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
657 654 #
658 655 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
659 656 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
660 657 #
661 658 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
662 659 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
663 660
664 661 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
665 662 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
666 663 # to be standard.
667 664
668 665 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
669 666
670 667 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
671 668 Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
672 669 Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
673 670 Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
674 671 Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
675 672
676 673 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
677 674 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
678 675
679 676 # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
680 677 # The official German names ... are
681 678 #
682 679 # Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
683 680 # Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
684 681 #
685 682 # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
686 683 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
687 684 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
688 685 #
689 686 # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
690 687 # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
691 688 # Postfach 3345
692 689 # D-38023 Braunschweig
693 690 # phone: +49 531 592-0
694 691 #
695 692 # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
696 693 # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
697 694 # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
698 695 #
699 696 # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
700 697 # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
701 698
702 699
703 700 # Albania
704 701 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
705 702 Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
706 703 Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
707 704 Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
708 705 Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
709 706 Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
710 707 Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
711 708 Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
712 709 Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
713 710 Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
714 711 Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
715 712 Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
716 713 Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
717 714 Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
718 715 Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
719 716 Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
720 717 Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
721 718 Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
722 719 Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
723 720 Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
724 721 Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
725 722 Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
726 723 Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
727 724 Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
728 725 Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
729 726 Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
730 727 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
731 728 Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
732 729 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
733 730 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
734 731 1:00 EU CE%sT
735 732
736 733 # Andorra
737 734 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
738 735 Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
739 736 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
740 737 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
741 738 1:00 EU CE%sT
742 739
743 740 # Austria
744 741
745 742 # Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.
746 743
747 744 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
748 745 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
749 746 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
750 747 # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition
751 748 # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV,
752 749 # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
753 750
754 751 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
755 752 Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
756 753 Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
757 754 Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
758 755 Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
759 756 Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
760 757 Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
761 758 Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
762 759 Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
763 760 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
764 761 Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr
765 762 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
766 763 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
767 764 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
768 765 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
769 766 1:00 - CET 1946
770 767 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
771 768 1:00 EU CE%sT
772 769
773 770 # Belarus
774 771 #
775 772 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02):
776 773 # http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm
777 774 # (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from
778 775 # 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00
779 776 # on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September
780 777 # (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations).
781 778 #
782 779 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
783 780 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
784 781 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
785 782 #
786 783 # Sources (Russian language):
787 784 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
788 785 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
789 786 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
790 787 #
791 788 # From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
792 789 # Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
793 790 # http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
794 791 #
795 792 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
796 793 Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
797 794 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
798 795 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
799 796 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
800 797 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
801 798 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
802 799 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
803 800 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
804 801 3:00 - +03
805 802
806 803 # Belgium
807 804 #
808 805 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
809 806 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
810 807 # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
811 808 # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
812 809 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
813 810 # pp 8-9.
814 811 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
815 812 # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
816 813 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
817 814 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
818 815 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
819 816 #
820 817 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
821 818 Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
822 819 Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
823 820 Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
824 821 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
825 822 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
826 823 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
827 824 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
828 825 Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
829 826 Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
830 827 Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
831 828 Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
832 829 Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
833 830 # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
834 831 # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
835 832 # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
836 833 # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
837 834 Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
838 835 Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
839 836 Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
840 837 Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
841 838 Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
842 839 Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
843 840 Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
844 841 Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
845 842 Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
846 843 Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
847 844 Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
848 845 Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
849 846 Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
850 847 Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
851 848 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
852 849 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
853 850 Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
854 851 Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
855 852 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
856 853 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
857 854 Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
858 855 Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
859 856 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
860 857 Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
861 858 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
862 859 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
863 860 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
864 861 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
865 862 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
866 863 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
867 864 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
868 865 1:00 EU CE%sT
869 866
870 867 # Bosnia and Herzegovina
871 868 # See Europe/Belgrade.
872 869
873 870 # Bulgaria
874 871 #
875 872 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
876 873 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says:
877 874 # EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
878 875 # EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
879 876 #
880 877 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
881 878 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
882 879 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
883 880 Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
884 881 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
885 882 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
886 883 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
887 884 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
888 885 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
889 886 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
890 887 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
891 888 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
892 889 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
893 890 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00
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894 891 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
895 892 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
896 893 2:00 EU EE%sT
897 894
898 895 # Croatia
899 896 # See Europe/Belgrade.
900 897
901 898 # Cyprus
902 899 # Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
903 900
904 -# Czech Republic
901 +# Czech Republic / Czechia
905 902 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
906 903 Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
907 904 Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
908 905 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
909 906 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
910 907 Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
911 908 Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
912 909 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
913 910 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
914 911 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
915 912 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
916 913 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
917 914 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
918 915 1:00 EU CE%sT
919 916 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
920 917
921 918 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
922 919
923 920 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
924 921 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
925 922 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
926 923 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
927 924 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
928 925 #
929 926 # The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
930 927 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
931 928 #
932 929 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
933 930 # in subsequent decrees with the law
934 931 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
935 932 #
936 933 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
937 934 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
938 935 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
939 936 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
940 937 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
941 938 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
942 939 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
943 940 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
944 941 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
945 942 # was suspended on that night):
946 943 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
947 944
948 945 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
949 946 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
950 947 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
951 948
952 949 # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
953 950 # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
954 951 # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
955 952
956 953 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
957 954 Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
958 955 Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
959 956 Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
960 957 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
961 958 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
962 959 Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
963 960 Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
964 961 Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
965 962 Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
966 963 Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
967 964 Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
968 965 #
969 966 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
970 967 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
971 968 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
972 969 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
973 970 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
974 971 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
975 972 1:00 EU CE%sT
976 973 Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
977 974 0:00 - WET 1981
978 975 0:00 EU WE%sT
979 976 #
980 977 # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
981 978 # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
982 979 # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
983 980 # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
984 981 #
985 982 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
986 983 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
987 984 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
988 985 # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
989 986 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
990 987 # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
991 988
992 989 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
993 990 # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
994 991 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
995 992 #
996 993 # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
997 994 # is according to the following time line:
998 995 #
999 996 # The military zone near Thule UTC-4
1000 997 # Standard Greenland time UTC-3
1001 998 # Scoresbysund UTC-1
1002 999 # Danmarkshavn UTC
1003 1000 #
1004 1001 # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
1005 1002 # introduced.
1006 1003
1007 1004 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
1008 1005 #
1009 1006 # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
1010 1007 # the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have
1011 1008 # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have
1012 1009 # info from earlier correspondence.]
1013 1010 #
1014 1011 # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
1015 1012 # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
1016 1013 # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
1017 1014 #
1018 1015 # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
1019 1016 # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
1020 1017 # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
1021 1018 # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
1022 1019 # email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
1023 1020 # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
1024 1021 # DPC research station at Zackenberg.
1025 1022 #
1026 1023 # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
1027 1024 # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb).
1028 1025 #
1029 1026 # The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it
1030 1027 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
1031 1028 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
1032 1029 #
1033 1030 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
1034 1031 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
1035 1032 # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
1036 1033 # this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be
1037 1034 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
1038 1035
1039 1036 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
1040 1037 # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
1041 1038 # there at 2:00 AM.
1042 1039
1043 1040 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1044 1041 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
1045 1042 # the 1995 map as like Godthåb.
1046 1043 # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996.
1047 1044 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
1048 1045 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
1049 1046 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
1050 1047
1051 1048 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
1052 1049 # "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named
1053 1050 # "National Park" by Executive Order:
1054 1051 # http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf
1055 1052 # It is their only National Park.
1056 1053 #
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1057 1054 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1058 1055 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1059 1056 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1060 1057 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1061 1058 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1062 1059 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1063 1060 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1064 1061 #
1065 1062 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1066 1063 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1067 - -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1068 - -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
1064 + -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1065 + -3:00 EU -03/-02 1996
1069 1066 0:00 - GMT
1070 1067 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
1071 - -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1072 - -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
1073 - -1:00 EU EG%sT
1068 + -2:00 - -02 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1069 + -2:00 C-Eur -02/-01 1981 Mar 29
1070 + -1:00 EU -01/+00
1074 1071 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
1075 - -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1076 - -3:00 EU WG%sT
1072 + -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1073 + -3:00 EU -03/-02
1077 1074 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
1078 1075 -4:00 Thule A%sT
1079 1076
1080 1077 # Estonia
1081 1078 #
1082 1079 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1083 1080 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1084 1081 #
1085 1082 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
1086 1083 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1087 1084 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1088 1085 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1089 1086 #
1090 1087 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
1091 1088 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
1092 1089 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
1093 1090 # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
1094 1091 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1095 1092 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1096 1093 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1097 1094 # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
1098 1095 # summer time next spring."
1099 1096
1100 1097 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
1101 1098 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
1102 1099 # http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
1103 1100 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
1104 1101 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
1105 1102 #
1106 1103 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
1107 1104 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
1108 1105 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
1109 1106
1110 1107 # From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
1111 1108 # via Steffen Thorsen:
1112 1109 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
1113 1110 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
1114 1111 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
1115 1112 # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
1116 1113 # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
1117 1114 # after that.
1118 1115
1119 1116 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
1120 1117 # Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
1121 1118 # No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
1122 1119 # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
1123 1120
1124 1121 # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
1125 1122 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
1126 1123 # Now we are using again EU rules.
1127 1124 #
1128 1125 # From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
1129 1126 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
1130 1127
1131 1128 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1132 1129 Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1133 1130 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1134 1131 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1135 1132 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1136 1133 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1137 1134 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1138 1135 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
1139 1136 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1140 1137 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1141 1138 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
1142 1139 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00
1143 1140 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
1144 1141 2:00 EU EE%sT
1145 1142
1146 1143 # Finland
1147 1144
1148 1145 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
1149 1146 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
1150 1147 # and it's supposed to change at 4am...
1151 1148
1152 1149 # From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
1153 1150 #
1154 1151 # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
1155 1152 # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
1156 1153 # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
1157 1154 # according to the central European standards.
1158 1155 #
1159 1156 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
1160 1157 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
1161 1158 # Finnish) at
1162 1159 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
1163 1160 #
1164 1161 # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
1165 1162 # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
1166 1163 #
1167 1164 # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
1168 1165 # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
1169 1166 #
1170 1167 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
1171 1168 # exist tonight."
1172 1169
1173 1170 # From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
1174 1171 # [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
1175 1172 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
1176 1173 # pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
1177 1174 # say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
1178 1175 # 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
1179 1176 # mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
1180 1177 # On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
1181 1178 #
1182 1179 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
1183 1180 # Go with Oja over Shanks.
1184 1181
1185 1182 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1186 1183 Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S
1187 1184 Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 -
1188 1185 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
1189 1186 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1190 1187
1191 1188 # Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
1192 1189 # round to nearest.
1193 1190
1194 1191 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1195 1192 Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31
1196 1193 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
1197 1194 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983
1198 1195 2:00 EU EE%sT
1199 1196
1200 1197 # Åland Is
1201 1198 Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
1202 1199
1203 1200
1204 1201 # France
1205 1202
1206 1203 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
1207 1204 #
1208 1205 # Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions
1209 1206 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
1210 1207 #
1211 1208 # Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel,
1212 1209 # Paris, 1991
1213 1210 #
1214 1211 # Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie,
1215 1212 # Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987
1216 1213
1217 1214
1218 1215 #
1219 1216 # Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
1220 1217 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1221 1218 Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1222 1219 Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
1223 1220 Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1224 1221 Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1225 1222 Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1226 1223 Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1227 1224 Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
1228 1225 Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1229 1226 Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
1230 1227 Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1231 1228 # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
1232 1229 # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
1233 1230 # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1234 1231 Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1235 1232 Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1236 1233 Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1237 1234 Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
1238 1235 Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1239 1236 Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1240 1237 Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1241 1238 Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1242 1239 Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
1243 1240 Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1244 1241 Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1245 1242 Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1246 1243 Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1247 1244 Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1248 1245 Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1249 1246 Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1250 1247 Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1251 1248 Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1252 1249 Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1253 1250 Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1254 1251 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
1255 1252 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
1256 1253 # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez,
1257 1254 # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La
1258 1255 # Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
1259 1256 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
1260 1257 # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
1261 1258 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
1262 1259 Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1263 1260 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
1264 1261 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
1265 1262 # who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
1266 1263 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
1267 1264 Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
1268 1265 Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
1269 1266 Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
1270 1267 Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
1271 1268 Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
1272 1269 Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
1273 1270 Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
1274 1271 Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
1275 1272 Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1276 1273 # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
1277 1274 # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
1278 1275 Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
1279 1276 Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
1280 1277 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
1281 1278 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
1282 1279 # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
1283 1280 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1284 1281 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1285 1282 Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
1286 1283 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
1287 1284 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
1288 1285 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
1289 1286 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
1290 1287 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1291 1288 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
1292 1289 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1293 1290 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1294 1291 1:00 EU CE%sT
1295 1292
1296 1293 # Germany
1297 1294
1298 1295 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
1299 1296 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1300 1297 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
1301 1298 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
1302 1299
1303 1300 # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1304 1301 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
1305 1302 # http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
1306 1303 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
1307 1304
1308 1305 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1309 1306 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
1310 1307 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
1311 1308 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
1312 1309 # this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04.
1313 1310
1314 1311
1315 1312 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1316 1313 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1317 1314 Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1318 1315 Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1319 1316 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
1320 1317 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
1321 1318 # Go with the PTB.
1322 1319 Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S
1323 1320 Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
1324 1321 Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
1325 1322 Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1326 1323 Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1327 1324
1328 1325 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1329 1326 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
1330 1327 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1331 1328
1332 1329 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1333 1330 Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1334 1331 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
1335 1332 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
1336 1333 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1337 1334 1:00 EU CE%sT
1338 1335
1339 1336 # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
1340 1337 # Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
1341 1338 # Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
1342 1339 # (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
1343 1340 # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
1344 1341 # which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
1345 1342 #
1346 1343 # Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
1347 1344 # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
1348 1345
1349 1346 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
1350 1347 # Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
1351 1348
1352 1349 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
1353 1350
1354 1351 # Georgia
1355 1352 # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
1356 1353 # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
1357 1354 # is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
1358 1355
1359 1356 # Gibraltar
1360 1357 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1361 1358 Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
1362 1359 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
1363 1360 1:00 - CET 1982
1364 1361 1:00 EU CE%sT
1365 1362
1366 1363 # Greece
1367 1364 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1368 1365 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1369 1366 Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
1370 1367 Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1371 1368 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1372 1369 Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
1373 1370 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1374 1371 Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1375 1372 Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
1376 1373 Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1377 1374 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1378 1375 Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1379 1376 Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
1380 1377 Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
1381 1378 Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
1382 1379 Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
1383 1380 Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
1384 1381 Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1385 1382 Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1386 1383 Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
1387 1384 Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
1388 1385 Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
1389 1386 Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1390 1387 Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1391 1388 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1392 1389 Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
1393 1390 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
1394 1391 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1395 1392 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
1396 1393 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
1397 1394 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
1398 1395 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
1399 1396 2:00 EU EE%sT
1400 1397
1401 1398 # Hungary
1402 1399 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
1403 1400 # Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
1404 1401 # Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945.
1405 1402 # National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
1406 1403 # http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
1407 1404 # This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
1408 1405 # & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
1409 1406 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1410 1407 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
1411 1408 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1412 1409 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
1413 1410 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 -
1414 1411 Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
1415 1412 Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1416 1413 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
1417 1414 Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1418 1415 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
1419 1416 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1420 1417 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
1421 1418 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
1422 1419 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1423 1420 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1424 1421 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1425 1422 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
1426 1423 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1427 1424 Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
1428 1425 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1429 1426 Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
1430 1427 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
1431 1428 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8
1432 1429 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1433 1430 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
1434 1431 1:00 EU CE%sT
1435 1432
1436 1433 # Iceland
1437 1434 #
1438 1435 # From Adam David (1993-11-06):
1439 1436 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
1440 1437 #
1441 1438 # (1993-12-05):
1442 1439 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
1443 1440 # Iceland Almanak.
1444 1441 #
1445 1442 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1446 1443 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1447 1444 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
1448 1445 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1449 1446 #
1450 1447 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1451 1448 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1452 1449 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
1453 1450 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1454 1451 #
1455 1452 # (1993-12-10):
1456 1453 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1457 1454 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1458 1455 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1459 1456 # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1460 1457 # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1461 1458 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1462 1459 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
1463 1460 # might mean something else (???).
1464 1461 #
1465 1462 # From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22):
1466 1463 # The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
1467 1464 # http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html
1468 1465 #
1469 1466 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1470 1467 Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
1471 1468 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1472 1469 Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1473 1470 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S
1474 1471 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 -
1475 1472 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1476 1473 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 -
1477 1474 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1478 1475 Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 -
1479 1476 Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S
1480 1477 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
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1481 1478 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1482 1479 Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1483 1480 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1484 1481 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1485 1482 # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
1486 1483 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1487 1484 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1488 1485 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1489 1486 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1490 1487 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
1491 - -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1488 + -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1492 1489 0:00 - GMT
1493 1490
1494 1491 # Italy
1495 1492 #
1496 1493 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1497 1494 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1498 1495 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1499 1496 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1500 1497 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1501 1498 # so record only the time in Rome.
1502 1499 #
1503 -# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1504 -# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
1505 -# F. Pollastri
1506 -# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
1507 -# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html
1508 -# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1509 -# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1500 +# From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24):
1501 +# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10
1502 +# ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into
1503 +# force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in
1504 +# the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...."
1510 1505 #
1511 -# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1512 -# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1513 -# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1514 -# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1515 -# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1516 -# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1517 -# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
1518 -# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
1519 -# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1520 -# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
1521 -# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1522 -# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
1523 -# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1524 -# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1525 -# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
1526 -# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
1506 +# From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20):
1507 +# The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological
1508 +# institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at
1509 +# http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml
1510 +# (2016-10-24):
1511 +# http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/
1512 +# has still different data for 1944. It divides Italy in two, as
1513 +# there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic
1514 +# Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south
1515 +# of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies.
1527 1516 #
1517 +# From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23):
1518 +# Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219.
1519 +# Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ...
1520 +# Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is
1521 +# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ...
1522 +# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed.
1523 +#
1524 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27):
1525 +# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944
1526 +# for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
1527 +# Model Rome's occupation by using using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
1528 +# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
1529 +# was effectively controlled by Germany.
1530 +#
1528 1531 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1529 -Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1530 -Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1531 -Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1532 -Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1533 -Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
1534 -Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1535 -Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
1536 -Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1537 -Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
1538 -Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
1539 -Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
1540 -Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1541 -Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
1542 -Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1543 -Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1544 -Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1545 -Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1546 -Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1547 -Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1548 -Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1549 -Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
1550 -Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1551 -Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
1552 -Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1553 -Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1554 -Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1555 -Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1556 -Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
1557 -Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1558 -Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
1559 -Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1560 -Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1561 -Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1562 -Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1563 -Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1564 -Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1532 +Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S
1533 +Rule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 -
1534 +Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S
1535 +Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 24:00 1:00 S
1536 +Rule Italy 1918 only - Oct 6 24:00 0 -
1537 +Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 24:00 1:00 S
1538 +Rule Italy 1919 only - Oct 4 24:00 0 -
1539 +Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 S
1540 +Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 -
1541 +Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S
1542 +Rule Italy 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
1543 +Rule Italy 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1544 +Rule Italy 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
1545 +Rule Italy 1944 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1546 +Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
1547 +Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1548 +Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 1:00 0 -
1549 +Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1550 +Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1551 +Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1552 +Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1553 +Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1554 +Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1555 +Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1556 +Rule Italy 1966 only - Sep 24 24:00 0 -
1557 +Rule Italy 1967 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00s 0 -
1558 +Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1559 +Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1560 +Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1561 +Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1562 +Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1563 +Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1564 +Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1565 +Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1566 +Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1567 +Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1568 +Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1569 +Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1570 +Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1571 +Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1572 +Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1565 1573 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1566 1574 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1567 - 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
1568 - 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1569 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1575 + 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean
1576 + 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10
1577 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4
1570 1578 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1571 1579 1:00 EU CE%sT
1572 1580
1573 1581 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1574 1582 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1575 1583
1576 1584 # Latvia
1577 1585
1578 1586 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
1579 1587
1580 1588 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1581 1589 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1582 1590 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1583 1591 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1584 1592 #
1585 1593 # Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1586 1594 # according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1587 1595 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1588 1596 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1589 1597 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1590 1598 #
1591 1599 # Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
1592 1600 # according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
1593 1601 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1594 1602 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1595 1603 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
1596 1604 # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
1597 1605 #
1598 1606 # Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
1599 1607 # according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
1600 1608 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
1601 1609 # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
1602 1610 # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
1603 1611 # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1604 1612 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
1605 1613 # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
1606 1614 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
1607 1615 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
1608 1616 #
1609 1617 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
1610 1618 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
1611 1619 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
1612 1620
1613 1621 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
1614 1622 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
1615 1623 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
1616 1624 # 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>,
1617 1625 # in Latvian for subscribers only).
1618 1626
1619 1627 # From RFE/RL Newsline
1620 1628 # http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
1621 1629 # (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
1622 1630 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
1623 1631 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
1624 1632 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
1625 1633 # clocks one hour in the spring....
1626 1634 # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few
1627 1635 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
1628 1636 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
1629 1637 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
1630 1638 # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
1631 1639 # appears that they will not do so....
1632 1640
1633 1641 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1634 1642 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1635 1643 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1636 1644
1637 1645 # Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
1638 1646 # Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34.
1639 1647 # Go with Byalokoz.
1640 1648
1641 1649 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1642 1650 Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880
1643 1651 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT
1644 1652 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST
1645 1653 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1646 1654 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1647 1655 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11
1648 1656 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1649 1657 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1650 1658 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
1651 1659 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1652 1660 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
1653 1661 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
1654 1662 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
1655 1663 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
1656 1664 2:00 EU EE%sT
1657 1665
1658 1666 # Liechtenstein
1659 1667
1660 1668 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
1661 1669 # Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
1662 1670
1663 1671 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
1664 1672 # http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
1665 1673 # ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
1666 1674 # I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
1667 1675 # ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
1668 1676 # introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on
1669 1677 # central European time was in force throughout the year.
1670 1678 # From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
1671 1679 # regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.
1672 1680
1673 1681 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
1674 1682
1675 1683
1676 1684 # Lithuania
1677 1685
1678 1686 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1679 1687 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1680 1688
1681 1689 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1682 1690 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1683 1691 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1684 1692
1685 1693 # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
1686 1694 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
1687 1695 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
1688 1696
1689 1697 # From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>,
1690 1698 # via Steffen Thorsen:
1691 1699 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
1692 1700 # to be valid here starting from October 31,
1693 1701 # as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
1694 1702 # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
1695 1703 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
1696 1704 # already done by Estonia.
1697 1705
1698 1706 # From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
1699 1707 # <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27):
1700 1708 # Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
1701 1709
1702 1710 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
1703 1711 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
1704 1712 # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
1705 1713 # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
1706 1714 # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
1707 1715 # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
1708 1716 # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
1709 1717
1710 1718
1711 1719 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1712 1720 Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1713 1721 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1714 1722 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1715 1723 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1716 1724 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1717 1725 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1718 1726 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1719 1727 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1720 1728 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1721 1729 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1722 1730 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1723 1731 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1724 1732 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
1725 1733 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
1726 1734 2:00 EU EE%sT
1727 1735
1728 1736 # Luxembourg
1729 1737 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
1730 1738 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1731 1739 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1732 1740 Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1733 1741 Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1734 1742 Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1735 1743 Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1736 1744 Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1737 1745 Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1738 1746 Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
1739 1747 Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1740 1748 Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
1741 1749 Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1742 1750 Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
1743 1751 Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
1744 1752 Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
1745 1753 Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1746 1754 Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
1747 1755 Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
1748 1756 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1749 1757 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1750 1758 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1751 1759 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1752 1760 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1753 1761 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1754 1762 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1755 1763 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1756 1764 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1757 1765 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
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1758 1766 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1759 1767 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1760 1768 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1761 1769 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1762 1770 1:00 EU CE%sT
1763 1771
1764 1772 # Macedonia
1765 1773 # See Europe/Belgrade.
1766 1774
1767 1775 # Malta
1776 +#
1777 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21):
1778 +# Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks.
1779 +#
1768 1780 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1769 1781 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1770 1782 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1771 1783 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1772 1784 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1773 1785 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1774 1786 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1775 1787 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1776 1788 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1777 1789 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
1778 - 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1779 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1780 1790 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1781 1791 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1782 1792 1:00 EU CE%sT
1783 1793
1784 1794 # Moldova
1785 1795
1786 1796 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
1787 1797 # the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04
1788 1798 # http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2
1789 1799 # ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR
1790 1800 # time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt
1791 1801 # plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be
1792 1802 # adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer"
1793 1803 # time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and
1794 1804 # reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00.
1795 1805
1796 1806 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1797 1807 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
1798 1808 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
1799 1809 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
1800 1810 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
1801 1811 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
1802 1812 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
1803 1813 # But [two people] separately reported via
1804 1814 # Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
1805 1815 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
1806 1816 #
1807 1817 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
1808 1818 # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
1809 1819 # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
1810 1820 # to the Winter Time).
1811 1821 #
1812 1822 # News (in Russian):
1813 1823 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
1814 1824 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
1815 1825 #
1816 1826 # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
1817 1827 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
1818 1828 #
1819 1829 # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
1820 1830 # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
1821 1831 # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
1822 1832 #
1823 1833 # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
1824 1834 #
1825 1835 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
1826 1836 # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
1827 1837 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
1828 1838 # decision to abolish DST this winter.
1829 1839 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
1830 1840 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
1831 1841 # News from Moldova (in russian):
1832 1842 # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
1833 1843
1834 1844 # From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02):
1835 1845 # http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077
1836 1846 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01):
1837 1847 # The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that
1838 1848 # 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also,
1839 1849 # http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara
1840 1850 # says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time.
1841 1851 # Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU.
1842 1852
1843 1853 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1844 1854 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
1845 1855 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
1846 1856
1847 1857 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1848 1858 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1849 1859 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1850 1860 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1851 1861 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1852 1862 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1853 1863 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1854 1864 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2:00
1855 1865 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
1856 1866 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1857 1867 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1858 1868 2:00 Moldova EE%sT
1859 1869
1860 1870 # Monaco
1861 1871 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1862 1872 # more precise 0:09:21.
1863 1873 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1864 1874 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1865 1875 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1866 1876 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1867 1877 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1868 1878 1:00 EU CE%sT
1869 1879
1870 1880 # Montenegro
1871 1881 # See Europe/Belgrade.
1872 1882
1873 1883 # Netherlands
1874 1884
1875 1885 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1876 1886 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1877 1887
1878 1888 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
1879 1889 # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
1880 1890 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
1881 1891 # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
1882 1892 # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
1883 1893 # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
1884 1894 # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
1885 1895 # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
1886 1896 # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
1887 1897 #
1888 1898 # (2001-04-08):
1889 1899 # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
1890 1900 # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
1891 1901 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1892 1902 #
1893 1903 # (2001-04-09):
1894 1904 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1895 1905 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1896 1906 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1897 1907 # actually followed.
1898 1908 #
1899 1909 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1900 1910 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
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1901 1911 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1902 1912 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1903 1913 # adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1904 1914 #
1905 1915 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1906 1916 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1907 1917 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1908 1918 # Amsterdam mean time.
1909 1919
1910 1920 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from
1911 -# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm
1921 +# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
1912 1922
1913 1923 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1914 1924 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1915 1925 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1916 1926 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1917 1927 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1918 1928 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1919 1929 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
1920 1930 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1921 1931 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1922 1932 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1923 1933 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1924 1934 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1925 1935 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1926 1936 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1927 1937 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1928 1938 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1929 1939 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1930 1940 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1931 1941 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
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1932 1942 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1933 1943 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1934 1944 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1935 1945 Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1936 1946 #
1937 1947 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
1938 1948 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
1939 1949 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1940 1950 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
1941 1951 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
1942 - 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
1952 + 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00
1943 1953 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1944 1954 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1945 1955 1:00 EU CE%sT
1946 1956
1947 1957 # Norway
1948 1958 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
1949 1959 # Pottenger.
1950 1960 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1951 1961 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1952 1962 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1953 1963 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1954 1964 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1955 1965 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1956 1966 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1957 1967 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1958 1968 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1959 1969 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
1960 1970 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1961 1971 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1962 1972 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1963 1973 1:00 EU CE%sT
1964 1974
1965 1975 # Svalbard & Jan Mayen
1966 1976
1967 1977 # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
1968 1978 # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
1969 1979 # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
1970 1980 # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
1971 1981 # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
1972 1982 # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
1973 1983 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and
1974 1984 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation
1975 1985 # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
1976 1986 # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
1977 1987 # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
1978 1988 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been
1979 1989 # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
1980 1990 # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by
1981 1991 # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
1982 1992 # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
1983 1993 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
1984 1994 # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
1985 1995
1986 1996 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
1987 1997 #
1988 1998 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
1989 1999 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
1990 2000 # keeping Berlin time.
1991 2001 #
1992 2002 # <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
1993 2003 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
1994 2004 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
1995 2005 # frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
1996 2006 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
1997 2007 # the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
1998 2008 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
1999 2009 #
2000 2010 # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
2001 2011 # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
2002 2012 # <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
2003 2013 # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
2004 2014 # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
2005 2015 # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
2006 2016 # http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html
2007 2017 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
2008 2018 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
2009 2019 #
2010 2020 # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
2011 2021 # for these regions.
2012 2022 Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
2013 2023
2014 2024 # Poland
2015 2025
2016 2026 # The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
2017 2027 # <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2.
2018 2028
2019 2029 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2020 2030 Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
2021 2031 Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
2022 2032 Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
2023 2033 # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2024 2034 Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2025 2035 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2026 2036 Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
2027 2037 Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2028 2038 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
2029 2039 # Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
2030 2040 # http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
2031 2041 # Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
2032 2042 # He also gives these further references:
2033 2043 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
2034 2044 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
2035 2045 Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
2036 2046 Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
2037 2047 Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
2038 2048 Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2039 2049 Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
2040 2050 Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
2041 2051 Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
2042 2052 Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2043 2053 Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
2044 2054 Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
2045 2055 Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
2046 2056 Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
2047 2057 Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
2048 2058 Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2049 2059 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2050 2060 Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
2051 2061 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
2052 2062 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
2053 2063 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
2054 2064 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
2055 2065 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
2056 2066 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977
2057 2067 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
2058 2068 1:00 EU CE%sT
2059 2069
2060 2070 # Portugal
2061 2071 #
2062 2072 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
2063 2073 # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
2064 2074 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
2065 2075 # Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
2066 2076 # Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees
2067 2077 # with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for
2068 2078 # Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.
2069 2079 #
2070 2080 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
2071 2081 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
2072 2082 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
2073 2083 #
2074 2084 # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
2075 2085 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
2076 2086 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
2077 2087 #
2078 2088 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
2079 2089 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
2080 2090 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
2081 2091 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
2082 2092 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
2083 2093 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
2084 2094 # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
2085 2095 #
2086 2096 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2087 2097 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
2088 2098 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
2089 2099 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2090 2100 Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
2091 2101 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2092 2102 Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
2093 2103 Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
2094 2104 Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
2095 2105 Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
2096 2106 Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
2097 2107 Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
2098 2108 Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
2099 2109 Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2100 2110 Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
2101 2111 Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
2102 2112 Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2103 2113 Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
2104 2114 Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
2105 2115 Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
2106 2116 Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
2107 2117 # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2108 2118 Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2109 2119 Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
2110 2120 Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
2111 2121 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2112 2122 Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2113 2123 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
2114 2124 Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
2115 2125 Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
2116 2126 # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2117 2127 Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
2118 2128 Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
2119 2129 Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2120 2130 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2121 2131 Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
2122 2132 Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
2123 2133 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
2124 2134 Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
2125 2135 Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2126 2136 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
2127 2137 Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
2128 2138 Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
2129 2139 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
2130 2140 Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
2131 2141 Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
2132 2142 Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
2133 2143 Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
2134 2144 Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2135 2145 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
2136 2146 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2137 2147 # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
2138 2148 # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2139 2149 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
2140 2150 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2141 2151 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
2142 2152 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
2143 2153 Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
2144 2154 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
2145 2155 Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2146 2156 Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2147 2157 Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
2148 2158 Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
↓ open down ↓ |
196 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
2149 2159 #
2150 2160 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2151 2161 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
2152 2162 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
2153 2163 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2154 2164 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
2155 2165 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2156 2166 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2157 2167 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
2158 2168 0:00 EU WE%sT
2169 +# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
2159 2170 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
2160 2171 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time
2161 - -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
2162 - -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2163 - -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2172 + -2:00 Port -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
2173 + -2:00 Port +00 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
2174 + -2:00 Port -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
2175 + -2:00 Port +00 1943 Aug 28 22:00s
2176 + -2:00 Port -02/-01 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
2177 + -2:00 Port +00 1944 Aug 26 22:00s
2178 + -2:00 Port -02/-01 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
2179 + -2:00 Port +00 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
2180 + -2:00 Port -02/-01 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2181 + -1:00 Port -01/+00 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2182 + -1:00 W-Eur -01/+00 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2164 2183 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
2165 - -1:00 EU AZO%sT
2184 + -1:00 EU -01/+00
2185 +# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
2166 2186 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
2167 2187 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time
2168 - -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
2188 + -1:00 Port -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
2189 + -1:00 Port +01 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
2190 + -1:00 Port -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
2191 + -1:00 Port +01 1943 Aug 28 22:00s
2192 + -1:00 Port -01/+00 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
2193 + -1:00 Port +01 1944 Aug 26 22:00s
2194 + -1:00 Port -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
2195 + -1:00 Port +01 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
2196 + -1:00 Port -01/+00 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2169 2197 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2170 2198 0:00 EU WE%sT
2171 2199
2172 2200 # Romania
2173 2201 #
2174 2202 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
2175 2203 # Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
2176 2204 # (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
2177 2205 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
2178 2206 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
2179 2207 # the same year as Bulgaria.
2180 2208 #
2181 2209 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2182 2210 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
2183 2211 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
2184 2212 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
2185 2213 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
2186 2214 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2187 2215 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
2188 2216 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2189 2217 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2190 2218 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
2191 2219 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2192 2220 Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
2193 2221 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
2194 2222 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
2195 2223 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2196 2224 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
2197 2225 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2198 2226 2:00 EU EE%sT
2199 2227
2200 2228
2201 2229 # Russia
2202 2230
2203 2231 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
2204 2232 # Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011
2205 2233 # (Government document
2206 2234 # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
2207 2235 # in Russian)
2208 2236 # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
2209 2237 # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
2210 2238 # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
2211 2239 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
2212 2240
2213 2241 # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
2214 2242 # Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
2215 2243 # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
2216 2244 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
2217 2245
2218 2246 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2219 2247 # Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
2220 2248 # changed in September 2011:
2221 2249 #
2222 2250 # One source is
2223 2251 # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
2224 2252 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
2225 2253 # 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
2226 2254 #
2227 2255 # Another source is
2228 2256 # http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
2229 2257 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
2230 2258 # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
2231 2259 # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
2232 2260 # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
2233 2261 # does not contain any "effective date" information.
2234 2262 #
2235 2263 # Another source is
2236 2264 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
2237 2265 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011...
2238 2266 # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2239 2267 # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
2240 2268 #
2241 2269 # The Wikipedia article refers to
2242 2270 # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
2243 2271 # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
2244 2272 #
2245 2273 # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
2246 2274 # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2247 2275 # with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
2248 2276 # get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
2249 2277 # Conradi notes).
2250 2278 #
2251 2279 # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
2252 2280 #
2253 2281 # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
2254 2282
2255 2283 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
2256 2284 # According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
2257 2285 # http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
2258 2286 # the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
2259 2287 # winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new
2260 2288 # regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
2261 2289 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
2262 2290 # Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
2263 2291 # 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
2264 2292 # areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
2265 2293 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
2266 2294 #
2267 2295 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
2268 2296 # Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
2269 2297 # http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
2270 2298 # http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
2271 2299 # http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
2272 2300 # From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this:
2273 2301 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
2274 2302
2275 2303 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2276 2304 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
2277 2305 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
2278 2306 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
2279 2307 # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
2280 2308 #
2281 2309 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
2282 2310 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
2283 2311 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
2284 2312 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
2285 2313 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
2286 2314 #
2287 2315 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
2288 2316 # 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
2289 2317 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
2290 2318 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
2291 2319 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
2292 2320 #
2293 2321 # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
2294 2322 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
2295 2323 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
2296 2324 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
2297 2325 #
2298 2326 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
2299 2327 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
2300 2328 # News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
2301 2329 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
2302 2330 # the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
2303 2331 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
2304 2332 #
2305 2333 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
2306 2334 # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
2307 2335 # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the
2308 2336 # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
2309 2337 # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
2310 2338 # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
2311 2339 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
2312 2340 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
2313 2341
2314 2342 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2315 2343 # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
2316 2344 # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
2317 2345 # are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
2318 2346 # listing. The region codes listed come from
2319 2347 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
2320 2348 # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
2321 2349 # future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
2322 2350 # divisions where available.
2323 2351
2324 2352 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2325 2353
2326 2354
2327 2355 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2328 2356 # Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
2329 2357 # 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
2330 2358
2331 2359 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2332 2360 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2333 2361
2334 2362 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2335 2363 # http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni
2336 2364 # confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented.
2337 2365 # (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that
2338 2366 # summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But
2339 2367 # 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.)
2340 2368 # ...
2341 2369 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
2342 2370 # says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided
2343 2371 # at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to
2344 2372 # Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19.
2345 2373
2346 2374 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
2347 2375 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2348 2376 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
2349 2377 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2350 2378 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2351 2379 3:00 - +03 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2352 2380 2:00 - EET
2353 2381
2354 2382
2355 2383 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and
2356 2384 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2357 2385 # Europe/Moscow covers...
2358 2386 # 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
2359 2387 # 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
2360 2388 # 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
2361 2389 # 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
2362 2390 # 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
2363 2391 # 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
2364 2392 # 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
2365 2393 # 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
2366 2394 # 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
2367 2395 # 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
2368 2396 # 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
2369 2397 # 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
2370 2398 # 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
2371 2399 # 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
2372 2400 # 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
2373 2401 # 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
2374 2402 # 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
2375 2403 # 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
2376 2404 # 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
2377 2405 # 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast
2378 2406 # 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast
2379 2407 # 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
2380 2408 # 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
2381 2409 # 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
2382 2410 # 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
2383 2411 # 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
2384 2412 # 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
2385 2413 # 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
2386 2414 # 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
2387 2415 # 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
2388 2416 # 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
2389 2417 # 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
2390 2418 # 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
2391 2419 # 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
2392 2420 # 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
2393 2421 # 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
2394 2422 # 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
2395 2423 # 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
2396 2424 # 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
2397 2425 # 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
2398 2426 # 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
2399 2427 # 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
2400 2428 # 77 RU-MOW Moscow
2401 2429 # 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
2402 2430 # 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2403 2431
2404 2432 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
2405 2433 # The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919. Decree No. 59
2406 2434 # (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time
2407 2435 # zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854
2408 2436 # specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT.
2409 2437 # No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date;
2410 2438 # later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are
2411 2439 # taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks.
2412 2440 # (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.)
2413 2441
2414 2442 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2415 2443 # 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982.
2416 2444 # Wikipedia refers to
2417 2445 # http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html
2418 2446 # http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm
2419 2447 #
2420 2448 # The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn
2421 2449 # magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to
2422 2450 # the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the
2423 2451 # same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses
2424 2452 # time belt changes map).
2425 2453 #
2426 2454 # The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to
2427 2455 # introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt
2428 2456 # border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous
2429 2457 # Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka
2430 2458 # according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that
2431 2459 # "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time
2432 2460 # belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on
2433 2461 # 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was
2434 2462 # supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2
2435 2463 # hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01
2436 2464 # is also provided.
2437 2465 #
2438 2466 # The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems
2439 2467 # and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not
2440 2468 # moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan,
2441 2469 # Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian,
2442 2470 # Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol
2443 2471 # krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo,
2444 2472 # Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and
2445 2473 # Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky
2446 2474 # district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous
2447 2475 # Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end
2448 2476 # up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow
2449 2477 # time.
2450 2478 #
2451 2479 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
2452 2480 # attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers
2453 2481 # of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds
2454 2482 # Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky
2455 2483 # district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. Probably erroneously.
2456 2484 #
2457 2485 # The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow,
2458 2486 # Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk.
2459 2487 #
2460 2488 # 12. Udmurtia
2461 2489 # The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i
2462 2490 # Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from
2463 2491 # Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act.
2464 2492 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
2465 2493 # implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01.
2466 2494 # Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991.
2467 2495 #
2468 2496 # ...
2469 2497 #
2470 2498 # All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at
2471 2499 # 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1
2472 2500 # change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia).
2473 2501 #
2474 2502 # There were some exceptions, though.
2475 2503 # Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd,
2476 2504 # Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992
2477 2505 # change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some
2478 2506 # lists found in the internet are quite wild.)
2479 2507 #
2480 2508 # And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment.
2481 2509 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
2482 2510 # says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the
2483 2511 # 1991-03-31 switch and one person at
2484 2512 # http://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html
2485 2513 # says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception
2486 2514 # 2 days before the switch.
2487 2515 #
2488 2516 #
2489 2517 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2490 2518 # Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the
2491 2519 # chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries
2492 2520 # should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the
2493 2521 # time in Moscow.
2494 2522
2495 2523 # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
2496 2524 # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
2497 2525 # Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
2498 2526 # LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
2499 2527 # (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
2500 2528 # The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
2501 2529 # Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
2502 2530 # was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
2503 2531 # coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
2504 2532 # 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
2505 2533 # 2:31:19 ...
2506 2534 #
2507 2535 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
2508 2536 # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
2509 2537 # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
2510 2538 # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
2511 2539 # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
2512 2540
2513 2541 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
2514 2542 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
2515 2543 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
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2516 2544 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
2517 2545 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2518 2546 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2519 2547 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2520 2548 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2521 2549 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2522 2550 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2523 2551 3:00 - MSK
2524 2552
2525 2553
2526 -# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2527 -# Europe/Simferopol covers...
2528 -# ** **** Crimea, Republic of
2529 -# ** **** Sevastopol
2554 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
2555 +# Europe/Simferopol covers Crimea.
2530 2556
2531 2557 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2532 2558 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2533 2559 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2534 2560 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2535 2561 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2536 2562 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2537 2563 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2538 2564 2:00 - EET 1992
2539 2565 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
2540 2566 #
2541 2567 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2542 2568 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2543 2569 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2544 2570 # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
2545 2571 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
2546 2572 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
2547 2573 # changed in May.
2548 2574 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2549 2575 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2550 2576 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s
2551 2577 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2552 2578 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2553 2579 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2554 2580 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2555 2581 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2556 2582 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
2557 2583 # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
2558 2584 # http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
2559 2585 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
2560 2586 # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
2561 2587 # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
2562 2588 # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
2563 2589 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
2564 2590 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2565 2591 3:00 - MSK
2566 2592
2567 2593
2568 2594 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2569 2595 # Europe/Astrakhan covers:
2570 2596 # 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
2571 2597 #
2572 2598 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2573 2599
2574 2600 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12):
2575 2601 # On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation
2576 2602 # Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time)....
2577 2603 # This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00.
2578 2604 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2579 2605 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
2580 2606
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2581 2607 Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May
2582 2608 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2583 2609 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2584 2610 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2585 2611 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2586 2612 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2587 2613 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2588 2614 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2589 2615 4:00 - +04
2590 2616
2591 -# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2617 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
2592 2618 # Europe/Volgograd covers:
2593 2619 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2594 -# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2595 2620 # The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
2596 2621
2597 2622 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2598 2623 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2599 2624 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11
2600 2625 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
2601 2626 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2602 2627 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2603 2628 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2604 2629 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2605 2630 3:00 - +03
2606 2631
2632 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
2633 +# Europe/Saratov covers:
2634 +# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2635 +
2636 +# From Yuri Konotopov (2016-11-11):
2637 +# Dec 4, 2016 02:00 UTC+3.... Saratov Region's local time will be ... UTC+4.
2638 +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-11):
2639 +# ... Byalokoz listed Saratov on 03:04:18.
2640 +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-22):
2641 +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031
2642 +
2643 +Zone Europe/Saratov 3:04:18 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2644 + 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2645 + 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
2646 + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2647 + 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2648 + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2649 + 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2650 + 3:00 - +03 2016 Dec 4 2:00s
2651 + 4:00 - +04
2652 +
2607 2653 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2608 2654 # Europe/Kirov covers:
2609 2655 # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2610 2656 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2611 2657 #
2612 2658 Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2613 2659 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2614 2660 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2615 2661 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2616 2662 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2617 2663 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2618 2664 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2619 2665 3:00 - +03
2620 2666
2621 2667 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2622 2668 # Europe/Samara covers...
2623 2669 # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
2624 2670 # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
2625 2671
2626 2672 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2627 2673 # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
2628 2674 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2629 2675
2630 2676 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2631 2677 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2632 2678 4:00 - +04 1935 Jan 27
2633 2679 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2634 2680 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2635 2681 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2636 2682 3:00 - +03 1991 Oct 20 3:00
2637 2683 4:00 Russia +04/+05 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2638 2684 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2639 2685 4:00 - +04
2640 2686
2641 2687 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2642 2688 # Europe/Ulyanovsk covers:
2643 2689 # 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
2644 2690
2645 2691 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2646 2692
2647 2693 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
2648 2694 # Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am.
2649 2695 # Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ...
2650 2696 # 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading.
2651 2697 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2652 2698 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051
2653 2699
2654 2700 Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2655 2701 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2656 2702 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2657 2703 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2658 2704 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2659 2705 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2660 2706 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2661 2707 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2662 2708 4:00 - +04
2663 2709
2664 2710 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2665 2711 # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
2666 2712 # 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
2667 2713 # 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
2668 2714 # 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
2669 2715 # 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
2670 2716 # 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
2671 2717 # 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
2672 2718 # 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
2673 2719 # 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
2674 2720 # 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2675 2721 #
2676 2722 # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
2677 2723 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
2678 2724
2679 2725 # Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
2680 2726 # Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
2681 2727 # Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
2682 2728 # The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
2683 2729
2684 2730 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3
2685 2731 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
2686 2732 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2687 2733 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2688 2734 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2689 2735 5:00 Russia +05/+06 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2690 2736 6:00 - +06 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2691 2737 5:00 - +05
2692 2738
2693 2739
2694 2740 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2695 2741 # Asia/Omsk covers...
2696 2742 # 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
2697 2743
2698 2744 # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
2699 2745
2700 2746 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
2701 2747 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2702 2748 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2703 2749 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2704 2750 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2705 2751 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2706 2752 6:00 - +06
2707 2753
2708 2754 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
2709 2755 # Asia/Barnaul covers:
2710 2756 # 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
2711 2757 # 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
2712 2758
2713 2759 # Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2714 2760
2715 2761 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2716 2762 # Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
2717 2763 # http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
2718 2764 # suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
2719 2765 # 1995-05-28.
2720 2766 #
2721 2767 # http://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
2722 2768 # has some historical data for Altai Krai:
2723 2769 # before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7
2724 2770 # after 1957: UTC+7
2725 2771 # since 1995: UTC+6
2726 2772 # http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
2727 2773 # confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date.
2728 2774
2729 2775 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
2730 2776 # Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones
2731 2777 # by March 27, 2016 at 2am....
2732 2778 # Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ...
2733 2779 # Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7)
2734 2780 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2735 2781 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043
2736 2782 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038
2737 2783
2738 2784 Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10
2739 2785 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2740 2786 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2741 2787 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2742 2788 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28
2743 2789 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2744 2790 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2745 2791 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2746 2792 7:00 - +07
2747 2793
2748 2794 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2749 2795 # Asia/Novosibirsk covers:
2750 2796 # 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
2751 2797
2752 2798 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30):
2753 2799 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6
2754 2800 # moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7.
2755 2801 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04):
2756 2802 # The law was signed yesterday and published today on
2757 2803 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064
2758 2804
2759 2805 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
2760 2806 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2761 2807 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2762 2808 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2763 2809 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
2764 2810 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2765 2811 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2766 2812 6:00 - +06 2016 Jul 24 2:00s
2767 2813 7:00 - +07
2768 2814
2769 2815 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2770 2816 # Asia/Tomsk covers:
2771 2817 # 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
2772 2818
2773 2819 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24):
2774 2820 # Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51.
2775 2821
2776 2822 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
2777 2823 # Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow.
2778 2824
2779 2825 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19):
2780 2826 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743
2781 2827 # (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time)
2782 2828 # / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ...
2783 2829 # Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their
2784 2830 # GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally
2785 2831 # belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced
2786 2832 # with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a
2787 2833 # 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014).
2788 2834
2789 2835 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12):
2790 2836 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6
2791 2837 # This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast
2792 2838 # from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at
2793 2839 # 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by
2794 2840 # the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President
2795 2841 # and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected
2796 2842 # before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the
2797 2843 # recent changes).
2798 2844 #
2799 2845 # Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws,
2800 2846 # the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule
2801 2847 # http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/
2802 2848 # http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303
2803 2849 # I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the
2804 2850 # bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday,
2805 2851 # approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and
2806 2852 # published as a law around 2016-04-26.
2807 2853
2808 2854 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26):
2809 2855 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048
2810 2856
2811 2857 Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22
2812 2858 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2813 2859 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2814 2860 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2815 2861 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00
2816 2862 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2817 2863 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2818 2864 6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s
2819 2865 7:00 - +07
2820 2866
2821 2867
2822 2868 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2823 2869 # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
2824 2870 # 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
2825 2871
2826 2872 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
2827 2873 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
2828 2874 # March 28, 2010:
2829 2875 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
2830 2876 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
2831 2877 #
2832 2878 # This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September
2833 2879 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
2834 2880 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
2835 2881 #
2836 2882 # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
2837 2883 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
2838 2884 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
2839 2885 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
2840 2886 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
2841 2887 #
2842 2888 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
2843 2889 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
2844 2890
2845 2891 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2846 2892 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
2847 2893 # realigning itself with KRAT.
2848 2894
2849 2895 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1
2850 2896 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2851 2897 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2852 2898 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2853 2899 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2854 2900 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2855 2901 7:00 - +07
2856 2902
2857 2903 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2858 2904 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
2859 2905 # 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
2860 2906 # 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
2861 2907 # 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
2862 2908 #
2863 2909 # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
2864 2910 # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
2865 2911
2866 2912 # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
2867 2913
2868 2914 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
2869 2915 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2870 2916 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2871 2917 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2872 2918 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2873 2919 8:00 - +08 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2874 2920 7:00 - +07
2875 2921
2876 2922
2877 2923 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2878 2924 # Asia/Irkutsk covers...
2879 2925 # 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
2880 2926 # 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
2881 2927 #
2882 2928 # Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
2883 2929 # merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
2884 2930
2885 2931 # Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15.
2886 2932 # Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05.
2887 2933 # Go with Byalokoz.
2888 2934
2889 2935 Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880
2890 2936 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
2891 2937 7:00 - +07 1930 Jun 21
2892 2938 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2893 2939 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2894 2940 8:00 Russia +08/+09 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2895 2941 9:00 - +09 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2896 2942 8:00 - +08
2897 2943
2898 2944
2899 2945 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2900 2946 # Asia/Chita covers...
2901 2947 # 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
2902 2948 #
2903 2949 # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
2904 2950 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
2905 2951
2906 2952 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02):
2907 2953 # [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) -
2908 2954 # Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will
2909 2955 # be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am....
2910 2956 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107
2911 2957
2912 2958 Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2913 2959 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
2914 2960 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2915 2961 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2916 2962 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2917 2963 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2918 2964 8:00 - +08 2016 Mar 27 2:00
2919 2965 9:00 - +09
2920 2966
2921 2967
2922 2968 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2923 2969 # Asia/Yakutsk covers...
2924 2970 # 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
2925 2971 #
2926 2972 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2927 2973 # 14-02 **** Aldansky District
2928 2974 # 14-04 **** Amginsky District
2929 2975 # 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
2930 2976 # 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
2931 2977 # 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
2932 2978 # 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District
2933 2979 # 14-11 **** Gorny District
2934 2980 # 14-12 **** Zhigansky District
2935 2981 # 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District
2936 2982 # 14-14 **** Lensky District
2937 2983 # 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District
2938 2984 # 14-16 **** Mirninsky District
2939 2985 # 14-18 **** Namsky District
2940 2986 # 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District
2941 2987 # 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District
2942 2988 # 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District
2943 2989 # 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District
2944 2990 # 14-26 **** Suntarsky District
2945 2991 # 14-27 **** Tattinsky District
2946 2992 # 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District
2947 2993 # 14-32 **** Khangalassky District
2948 2994 # 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District
2949 2995 # 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
2950 2996
2951 2997 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2952 2998 # Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
2953 2999 # Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
2954 3000 # Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
2955 3001
2956 3002 # Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
2957 3003
2958 3004 Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2959 3005 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
2960 3006 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2961 3007 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2962 3008 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2963 3009 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2964 3010 9:00 - +09
2965 3011
2966 3012
2967 3013 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2968 3014 # Asia/Vladivostok covers...
2969 3015 # 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
2970 3016 # 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
2971 3017 # 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
2972 3018 #
2973 3019 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2974 3020 # 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District
2975 3021 # 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District
2976 3022
2977 3023 # Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5.
2978 3024 # Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31.
2979 3025 # Go with Byalokoz.
2980 3026
2981 3027 Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
2982 3028 9:00 - +09 1930 Jun 21
2983 3029 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2984 3030 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2985 3031 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2986 3032 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2987 3033 10:00 - +10
2988 3034
2989 3035
2990 3036 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2991 3037 # Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2992 3038 # 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
2993 3039 # 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
2994 3040
2995 3041 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2996 3042 # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
2997 3043 # in 2011.
2998 3044
2999 3045 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
3000 3046 # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
3001 3047 # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
3002 3048 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
3003 3049
3004 3050 Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
3005 3051 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
3006 3052 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3007 3053 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3008 3054 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2004
3009 3055 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3010 3056 11:00 - +11 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
3011 3057 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3012 3058 9:00 - +09
3013 3059
3014 3060
3015 3061 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3016 3062 # Asia/Sakhalin covers...
3017 3063 # 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
3018 3064 # ...with the exception of:
3019 3065 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
3020 3066
3021 3067 # From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22):
3022 3068 # Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
3023 3069 # (2016-03-09):
3024 3070 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044
3025 3071
3026 3072 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
3027 3073 Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
3028 3074 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 25
3029 3075 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T
3030 3076 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3031 3077 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
3032 3078 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3033 3079 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3034 3080 10:00 - +10 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
3035 3081 11:00 - +11
3036 3082
3037 3083
3038 3084 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
3039 3085 # Asia/Magadan covers...
3040 3086 # 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
3041 3087
3042 3088 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
3043 3089 # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
3044 3090 # several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
3045 3091 # the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
3046 3092 # until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
3047 3093 # need their own zone.
3048 3094
3049 3095 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27):
3050 3096 # ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
3051 3097 # will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock
3052 3098 #
3053 3099 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05):
3054 3100 # ... signed by the President today ...
3055 3101 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038
3056 3102
3057 3103 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
3058 3104 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
3059 3105 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3060 3106 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3061 3107 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3062 3108 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3063 3109 10:00 - +10 2016 Apr 24 2:00s
3064 3110 11:00 - +11
3065 3111
3066 3112
3067 3113 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
3068 3114 # Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
3069 3115 # 14-01 **** Abyysky District
3070 3116 # 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
3071 3117 # 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
3072 3118 # 14-17 **** Momsky District
3073 3119 # 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
3074 3120 # 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District
3075 3121 #
3076 3122 # ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
3077 3123 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
3078 3124
3079 3125 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
3080 3126 # Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
3081 3127 # most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
3082 3128 # 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
3083 3129 # of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
3084 3130 # Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
3085 3131
3086 3132 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
3087 3133 # Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
3088 3134 # There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
3089 3135 # Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
3090 3136 #
3091 3137 # Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
3092 3138 # districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
3093 3139 # lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
3094 3140 # each! (Yikes!)
3095 3141 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
3096 3142 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
3097 3143 # Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
3098 3144 #
3099 3145 # Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
3100 3146 # fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
3101 3147 # 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
3102 3148 # recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of
3103 3149 # http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
3104 3150 # in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
3105 3151 # settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
3106 3152 # Go with Srednekolymsk.
3107 3153
3108 3154 Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
3109 3155 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21
3110 3156 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3111 3157 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3112 3158 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3113 3159 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3114 3160 11:00 - +11
3115 3161
3116 3162
3117 3163 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3118 3164 # Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
3119 3165 # 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
3120 3166
3121 3167 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
3122 3168 # Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
3123 3169 # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
3124 3170 #
3125 3171 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
3126 3172 # It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
3127 3173 # as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
3128 3174 # Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
3129 3175 # UTC+12 since at least then, too.
3130 3176
3131 3177 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
3132 3178 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
3133 3179 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1981 Apr 1
3134 3180 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3135 3181 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3136 3182 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3137 3183 12:00 - +12 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
3138 3184 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3139 3185 10:00 - +10
3140 3186
3141 3187
3142 3188 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
3143 3189 # Asia/Kamchatka covers...
3144 3190 # 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
3145 3191 #
3146 3192 # Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
3147 3193 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
3148 3194
3149 3195 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
3150 3196 # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
3151 3197 Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
3152 3198 11:00 - +11 1930 Jun 21
3153 3199 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3154 3200 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3155 3201 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
3156 3202 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3157 3203 12:00 - +12
3158 3204
3159 3205
3160 3206 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3161 3207 # Asia/Anadyr covers...
3162 3208 # 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
3163 3209
3164 3210 Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
3165 3211 12:00 - +12 1930 Jun 21
3166 3212 13:00 Russia +13/+14 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
3167 3213 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3168 3214 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3169 3215 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
3170 3216 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3171 3217 12:00 - +12
3172 3218
3173 3219
3174 3220 # San Marino
3175 3221 # See Europe/Rome.
3176 3222
3177 3223 # Serbia
3178 3224 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3179 3225 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
3180 3226 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
3181 3227 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
3182 3228 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
3183 3229 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
3184 3230 # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
3185 3231 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
3186 3232 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
3187 3233 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
3188 3234 1:00 EU CE%sT
3189 3235 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
3190 3236 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
3191 3237 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
↓ open down ↓ |
575 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
3192 3238 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
3193 3239 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
3194 3240
3195 3241 # Slovakia
3196 3242 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
3197 3243
3198 3244 # Slovenia
3199 3245 # See Europe/Belgrade.
3200 3246
3201 3247 # Spain
3248 +#
3249 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-14):
3250 +#
3251 +# The source for Europe/Madrid before 2013 is:
3252 +# Planesas P. La hora oficial en España y sus cambios.
3253 +# Anuario del Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid (2013, in Spanish).
3254 +# http://astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficialenespana.pdf
3255 +# As this source says that historical time in the Canaries is obscure,
3256 +# and it does not discuss Ceuta, stick with Shanks for now for that data.
3257 +#
3258 +# In the 1918 and 1919 fallback transitions in Spain, the clock for
3259 +# the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that
3260 +# the repeated instances of that day's 00:00 hour were 24 hours apart,
3261 +# with a fallback transition from the second occurrence of 00:59... to
3262 +# the next day's 00:00. Our data format cannot represent this
3263 +# directly, and instead repeats the first hour of the next day, with a
3264 +# fallback transition from the next day's 00:59... to 00:00.
3265 +
3266 +# From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15):
3267 +# The Royal Decree of 1900-06-26 quoted by Planesas, online at
3268 +# https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf
3269 +# says in its article 5 (my translation):
3270 +# These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the
3271 +# instant at which, according to the time indicated in article 1,
3272 +# the 1st day of January of 1901 will begin.
3273 +
3202 3274 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3203 -# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
3204 -# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3205 -Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
3206 -Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
3207 -Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
3208 -Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
3209 -# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3210 -Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
3211 -# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3212 -Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
3213 -Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
3214 -# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3215 -Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
3216 -Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
3217 -Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
3218 -Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
3219 -# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
3220 -# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3221 -Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
3222 -Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
3223 -Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
3224 -Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
3225 -Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
3226 -# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3227 -Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
3228 -Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
3229 -Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
3230 -Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
3231 -Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
3232 -Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
3233 -Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
3275 +Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
3276 +Rule Spain 1918 1919 - Oct 6 24:00s 0 -
3277 +Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 6 23:00 1:00 S
3278 +Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00 1:00 S
3279 +Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 24:00s 0 -
3280 +Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
3281 +Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
3282 +Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
3283 +Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
3284 +Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
3285 +# Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until 1939-03-28.
3286 +Rule Spain 1937 only - Jun 16 23:00 1:00 S
3287 +Rule Spain 1937 only - Oct 2 24:00s 0 -
3288 +Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3289 +Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 30 23:00 2:00 M
3290 +Rule Spain 1938 only - Oct 2 24:00 1:00 S
3291 +# The following rules are for unified Spain again.
3292 +#
3293 +# Planesas does not say what happened in Madrid between its fall on
3294 +# 1939-03-28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on
3295 +# 1939-04-15. For lack of better info, assume Madrid's clocks did not
3296 +# change during that period.
3297 +#
3298 +# The first rule is commented out, as it is redundant for Republican Spain.
3299 +#Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
3300 +Rule Spain 1939 only - Oct 7 24:00s 0 -
3301 +Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 23:00 1:00 S
3302 +Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 1:00 0 -
3303 +Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
3304 +Rule Spain 1943 1944 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3305 +Rule Spain 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3234 3306 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
3235 -Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
3236 -Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
3307 +Rule Spain 1949 only - Oct 2 1:00 0 -
3308 +Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=12 23:00 1:00 S
3237 3309 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3238 3310 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
3239 3311 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3240 -Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3241 -Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
3312 +Rule Spain 1977 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3313 +Rule Spain 1978 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
3314 +Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
3315 +# Nationalist Spain during the civil war
3316 +#Rule NatSpain 1937 only - May 22 23:00 1:00 S
3317 +#Rule NatSpain 1937 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
3318 +#Rule NatSpain 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00 1:00 S
3242 3319 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
3243 3320 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
3244 3321 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3245 3322 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
3246 3323 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
3247 3324 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3248 3325 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
3249 3326 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3250 3327 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3251 3328 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
3252 3329 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3253 -Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s
3254 - 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
3330 +Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:45:16
3331 + 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00
3255 3332 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
3256 3333 1:00 EU CE%sT
3257 -Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
3334 +Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:38:44
3258 3335 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
3259 3336 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
3260 3337 0:00 - WET 1924
3261 3338 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
3262 3339 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
3263 3340 1:00 - CET 1986
3264 3341 1:00 EU CE%sT
3265 3342 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
3266 - -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T
3343 + -1:00 - -01 1946 Sep 30 1:00
3267 3344 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
3268 3345 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u
3269 3346 0:00 EU WE%sT
3270 3347 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
3271 3348 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
3272 3349
3273 3350 # Sweden
3274 3351
3275 3352 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
3276 3353 #
3277 3354 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
3278 3355 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
3279 3356 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
3280 3357 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
3281 3358 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
3282 3359 #
3283 3360 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
3284 3361 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
3285 3362 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
3286 3363 #
3287 3364 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
3288 3365 # författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
3289 3366 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
3290 3367 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
3291 3368 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
3292 3369 # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
3293 3370 # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
3294 3371 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
3295 3372 #
3296 3373 # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
3297 3374 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
3298 3375 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
3299 3376 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
3300 3377 #
3301 3378 # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
3302 3379 # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
3303 3380 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
3304 3381 # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
3305 3382 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
3306 3383 # the Sök-button).
3307 3384 #
3308 3385 # (2001-05-13):
3309 3386 #
3310 3387 # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
3311 3388 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
3312 3389 # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
3313 3390 # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
3314 3391 # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
3315 3392 # hour before the event took place.
3316 3393 #
3317 3394 # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
3318 3395
3319 3396 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3320 3397 Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
3321 3398 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
3322 3399 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
3323 3400 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00
3324 3401 1:00 - CET 1980
3325 3402 1:00 EU CE%sT
3326 3403
3327 3404 # Switzerland
3328 3405 # From Howse:
3329 3406 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
3330 3407 # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
3331 3408 # mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
3332 3409 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3333 3410 # From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
3334 3411 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
3335 3412 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
3336 3413 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
3337 3414 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
3338 3415 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
3339 3416
3340 3417 # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
3341 3418 # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.
3342 3419 #
3343 3420 # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
3344 3421 # to be wrong. This is now verified.
3345 3422 #
3346 3423 # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
3347 3424 # government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
3348 3425 # federal law collection)...
3349 3426 #
3350 3427 # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
3351 3428 # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
3352 3429 #
3353 3430 # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am
3354 3431 # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am
3355 3432 #
3356 3433 # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
3357 3434 # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law
3358 3435 # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
3359 3436 # other years are made.
3360 3437 #
3361 3438 # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
3362 3439 # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
3363 3440 # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
3364 3441 # a thing had happened in Switzerland.
3365 3442 #
3366 3443 # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de
3367 3444 # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
3368 3445 # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
3369 3446 # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
3370 3447 #
3371 3448 # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
3372 3449 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3373 3450 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3374 3451 #
3375 3452 # The 1940 rules must be deleted.
3376 3453 #
3377 3454 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
3378 3455 # most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
3379 3456 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
3380 3457 # the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
3381 3458 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
3382 3459 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
3383 3460 #
3384 3461 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
3385 3462 # The Federal regulations say
3386 3463 # http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
3387 3464 # ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
3388 3465 # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
3389 3466
3390 3467 # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
3391 3468 # the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893)
3392 3469 # http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353
3393 3470 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
3394 3471 # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
3395 3472 # hour before the beginning of service.
3396 3473
3397 3474 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
3398 3475 # Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
3399 3476 #
3400 3477 # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
3401 3478 # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
3402 3479 #
3403 3480 # Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
3404 3481 # Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
3405 3482 # ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
3406 3483 #
3407 3484 # suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
3408 3485 # agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
3409 3486 # most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
3410 3487 # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
3411 3488 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
3412 3489 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
3413 3490 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
3414 3491 # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
3415 3492 # (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
3416 3493 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
3417 3494 # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
3418 3495
3419 3496 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3420 3497 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3421 3498 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3422 3499 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3423 3500 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
3424 3501 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
3425 3502 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
3426 3503 1:00 EU CE%sT
3427 3504
3428 3505 # Turkey
3429 3506
3430 3507 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25):
3431 3508 # 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with
3432 3509 # no exceptions.
3433 3510 # 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ...
3434 3511 # Here are official papers:
3435 3512 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf - page 2 for 1986
3436 3513 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf - page 4 for 1987
3437 3514 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf - page 15 for 1988
3438 3515 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf - page 6 for 1989
3439 3516 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf - page 1 for 1990 - 1992
3440 3517 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf - page 15 for 1993 - 1995
3441 3518 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf - page 1 for overriding 1994
3442 3519 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf - page 1 for 1996, 1997
3443 3520 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf - page 10 for 1998 - 2000
3444 3521 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001
3445 3522 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006
3446 3523 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25):
3447 3524 # Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1985.
3448 3525
3449 3526 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
3450 3527 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
3451 3528 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
3452 3529 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
3453 3530 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
3454 3531 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
3455 3532 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
3456 3533 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
3457 3534 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
3458 3535
3459 3536 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
3460 3537 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
3461 3538 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
3462 3539 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
3463 3540 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
3464 3541 # Turkish:
3465 3542 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
3466 3543
3467 3544 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3468 3545 # The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
3469 3546 # Turkish Local election....
3470 3547 # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
3471 3548 # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
3472 3549 # From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
3473 3550 # Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
3474 3551 # I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
3475 3552 # change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
3476 3553 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
3477 3554 # The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
3478 3555 # change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See:
3479 3556 # Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
3480 3557 # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
3481 3558 # I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
3482 3559
3483 3560 # From Fatih (2015-09-29):
3484 3561 # It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy.
3485 3562 # Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00
3486 3563 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217
3487 3564 #
3488 3565 # From BBC News (2015-10-25):
3489 3566 # Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a
3490 3567 # government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan
3491 3568 # Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan.
3492 3569 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326
3493 3570
3494 3571 # From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08):
3495 3572 # Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter....
3496 3573 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf
3497 3574 #
3498 3575 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07):
3499 3576 # The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey.
3500 3577 # It takes effect today, which is not much notice.
3501 3578
3502 3579 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3503 3580 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3504 3581 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3505 3582 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
3506 3583 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
3507 3584 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
3508 3585 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
3509 3586 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3510 3587 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3511 3588 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
3512 3589 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3513 3590 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
3514 3591 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3515 3592 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3516 3593 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
3517 3594 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
3518 3595 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
3519 3596 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
3520 3597 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3521 3598 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
3522 3599 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3523 3600 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
3524 3601 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
3525 3602 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3526 3603 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3527 3604 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3528 3605 Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
3529 3606 Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
3530 3607 Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
3531 3608 Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
3532 3609 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
3533 3610 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3534 3611 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
3535 3612 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3536 3613 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
3537 3614 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3538 3615 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
3539 3616 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
3540 3617 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
3541 3618 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
3542 3619 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
3543 3620 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
3544 3621 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
3545 3622 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
3546 3623 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3547 3624 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3548 3625 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
3549 3626 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
3550 3627 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
3551 3628 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
3552 3629 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
3553 3630 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
3554 3631 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
3555 3632 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3556 3633 Rule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3557 3634 Rule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3558 3635 Rule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S
3559 3636 Rule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3560 3637 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3561 3638 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3562 3639 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
3563 3640 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
3564 3641 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
3565 3642 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1985 Apr 20
3566 3643 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
3567 3644 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
3568 3645 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
3569 3646 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
3570 3647 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
3571 3648 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u
3572 3649 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u
3573 3650 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7
3574 3651 3:00 - +03
3575 3652 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
3576 3653
3577 3654 # Ukraine
3578 3655 #
3579 3656 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
3580 3657 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
3581 3658 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government
3582 3659 # regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
3583 3660 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
3584 3661 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
3585 3662 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
3586 3663
3587 3664 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
3588 3665 # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
3589 3666 # abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
3590 3667 #
3591 3668 # Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
3592 3669 # approval from 266 deputies.
3593 3670 #
3594 3671 # Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
3595 3672 # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
3596 3673 #
3597 3674 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
3598 3675 # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
3599 3676 #
3600 3677 # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
3601 3678 # http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
3602 3679 #
3603 3680 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
3604 3681 # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
3605 3682 # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
3606 3683 # time this year after all.
3607 3684 #
3608 3685 # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
3609 3686 # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone
3610 3687 # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
3611 3688 # to Russia) was reverted today:
3612 3689 # http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
3613 3690 #
3614 3691 # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
3615 3692 # The law documents themselves are at
3616 3693 # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
3617 3694
3618 3695 # From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
3619 3696 # First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST:
3620 3697 # 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST
3621 3698 # 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3622 3699 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134.
3623 3700 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html
3624 3701 #
3625 3702 # They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law,
3626 3703 # "summer time" was still in action):
3627 3704 # 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3628 3705 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
3629 3706 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html
3630 3707 #
3631 3708 # Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action):
3632 3709 # 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3633 3710 #
3634 3711 # DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended):
3635 3712 # 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST
3636 3713 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
3637 3714 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
3638 3715 # This is an answer.
3639 3716 #
3640 3717 # Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure:
3641 3718 # 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started
3642 3719 # 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended
3643 3720 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
3644 3721 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
3645 3722
3646 3723 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3647 3724 # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
3648 3725 # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3649 3726 # "Kiev" is more common in English.
3650 3727 Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
3651 3728 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
3652 3729 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3653 3730 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
3654 3731 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
3655 3732 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3656 3733 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
3657 3734 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3658 3735 2:00 EU EE%sT
3659 3736 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
3660 3737 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
3661 3738 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
3662 3739 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
3663 3740 1:00 - CET 1940
3664 3741 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
3665 3742 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
3666 3743 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
3667 3744 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
3668 3745 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
|
↓ open down ↓ |
392 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
3669 3746 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
3670 3747 2:00 - EET 1992
3671 3748 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3672 3749 2:00 EU EE%sT
3673 3750 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
3674 3751 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3675 3752 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
3676 3753 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
3677 3754 # portable Posix file names.
3678 3755 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
3679 - 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
3756 + 2:20 - +0220 1924 May 2
3680 3757 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3681 3758 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
3682 3759 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
3683 3760 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3684 3761 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3685 3762 2:00 EU EE%sT
3686 3763
3687 3764 # Vatican City
3688 3765 # See Europe/Rome.
3689 3766
3690 3767 ###############################################################################
3691 3768
3692 3769 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
3693 3770 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
3694 3771 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
3695 3772 #
3696 3773 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
3697 3774 # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
3698 3775 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
3699 3776 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
3700 3777 # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
3701 3778 # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
3702 3779
3703 3780 # ...
3704 3781 # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
3705 3782 # From: Tom Hofmann
3706 3783 # ...
3707 3784 #
3708 3785 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
3709 3786 # most European countries started DST. Before that year, only
3710 3787 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
3711 3788 # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
3712 3789 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
3713 3790 # years...
3714 3791 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
3715 3792 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
3716 3793 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
3717 3794 # lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
3718 3795 #
3719 3796 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
3720 3797 # Soviet Union (as far as I know).
3721 3798 #
3722 3799 # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
3723 3800 # 4002 Basle, Switzerland
3724 3801 # ...
3725 3802
3726 3803 # ...
3727 3804 # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
3728 3805 # From: Dik T. Winter
3729 3806 # ...
3730 3807 #
3731 3808 # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
3732 3809 # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
3733 3810 # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
3734 3811 #
3735 3812 # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
3736 3813 # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
3737 3814 # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
3738 3815 # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
3739 3816 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
3740 3817 # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
3741 3818 # dates...
3742 3819 #
3743 3820 # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
3744 3821 # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
3745 3822 # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
3746 3823 # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
3747 3824 # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
3748 3825 # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
3749 3826 # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
3750 3827 # in advance of normal time.
3751 3828 #
3752 3829 # ...
3753 3830 # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
3754 3831 # ...
3755 3832
3756 3833 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
3757 3834 # ...
3758 3835 # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
3759 3836 # Since 1978. Change at midnight.
3760 3837 # ...
3761 3838 # Monaco: has same DST as France.
3762 3839 # ...
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