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8147 Update zoneinfo to 2017b

@@ -4,19 +4,19 @@
 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
-# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
-# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
+# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #

@@ -54,30 +54,27 @@
 #
 #       Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
 #       History of Summer Time
 #       <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
 #       (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
-
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
-# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
-# Corrections are welcome!
+# the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time,
+# or are from other sources.  Corrections are welcome!
 #                   std dst  2dst
 #                   LMT           Local Mean Time
 #       -4:00       AST ADT       Atlantic
-#       -3:00       WGT WGST      Western Greenland*
-#       -1:00       EGT EGST      Eastern Greenland*
 #        0:00       GMT BST  BDST Greenwich, British Summer
 #        0:00       GMT IST       Greenwich, Irish Summer
 #        0:00       WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
-#        0:19:32.13 AMT NST       Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
-#        0:20       NET NEST      Netherlands (1937-1940)*
+#        0:19:32.13 AMT* NST*       Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)
 #        1:00       BST           British Standard (1968-1971)
 #        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
-#        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
+#        1:00:14    SET             Swedish (1879-1899)
+#        1:36:34    RMT* LST*       Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)*
 #        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
-#        3:00       MSK MSD       Moscow
+#        3:00       MSK  MSD  MDST* Moscow
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.

@@ -473,11 +470,11 @@
 Link    Europe/London   Europe/Guernsey
 Link    Europe/London   Europe/Isle_of_Man
 
 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 Zone    Europe/Dublin   -0:25:00 -      LMT     1880 Aug  2
-                        -0:25:21 -      DMT     1916 May 21  2:00
+                        -0:25:21 -      DMT     1916 May 21  2:00 # Dublin MT
                         -0:25:21 1:00   IST     1916 Oct  1  2:00s
                          0:00   GB-Eire %s      1921 Dec  6 # independence
                          0:00   GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25  2:00
                          0:00   1:00    IST     1946 Oct  6  2:00
                          0:00   -       GMT     1947 Mar 16  2:00

@@ -899,11 +896,11 @@
 # See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Cyprus
 # Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
 
-# Czech Republic
+# Czech Republic / Czechia
 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 Rule    Czech   1945    only    -       Apr      8      2:00s   1:00    S
 Rule    Czech   1945    only    -       Nov     18      2:00s   0       -
 Rule    Czech   1946    only    -       May      6      2:00s   1:00    S
 Rule    Czech   1946    1949    -       Oct     Sun>=1  2:00s   0       -

@@ -1062,20 +1059,20 @@
 Rule    Thule   2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
 Rule    Thule   2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S
 #
 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 -    LMT     1916 Jul 28
-                        -3:00   -       WGT     1980 Apr  6  2:00
-                        -3:00   EU      WG%sT   1996
+                        -3:00   -       -03     1980 Apr  6  2:00
+                        -3:00   EU      -03/-02 1996
                         0:00    -       GMT
 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -    LMT     1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
-                        -2:00   -       CGT     1980 Apr  6  2:00
-                        -2:00   C-Eur   CG%sT   1981 Mar 29
-                        -1:00   EU      EG%sT
+                        -2:00   -       -02     1980 Apr  6  2:00
+                        -2:00   C-Eur   -02/-01 1981 Mar 29
+                        -1:00   EU      -01/+00
 Zone America/Godthab    -3:26:56 -      LMT     1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
-                        -3:00   -       WGT     1980 Apr  6  2:00
-                        -3:00   EU      WG%sT
+                        -3:00   -       -03     1980 Apr  6  2:00
+                        -3:00   EU      -03/-02
 Zone America/Thule      -4:35:08 -      LMT     1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
                         -4:00   Thule   A%sT
 
 # Estonia
 #

@@ -1486,11 +1483,11 @@
 Rule    Iceland 1949    only    -       Oct     30       1:00s  0       -
 Rule    Iceland 1950    1966    -       Oct     Sun>=22  1:00s  0       -
 Rule    Iceland 1967    only    -       Oct     29       1:00s  0       -
 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28   -       LMT     1908
-                        -1:00   Iceland IS%sT   1968 Apr  7  1:00s
+                        -1:00   Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr  7  1:00s
                          0:00   -       GMT
 
 # Italy
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):

@@ -1498,77 +1495,88 @@
 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
 # so record only the time in Rome.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
-# F. Pollastri
-# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
-# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html
-# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
-# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
+# From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24):
+# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10
+# ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into
+# force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in
+# the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...."
 #
-# year  FP      Shanks&P. (S)   Whitman (W)     Go with:
-# 1916  06-03   06-03 24:00     06-03 00:00     FP & W
-#       09-30   09-30 24:00     09-30 01:00     FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1917  04-01   03-31 24:00     03-31 00:00     FP & S
-#       09-30   09-29 24:00     09-30 01:00     FP & W
-# 1918  03-09   03-09 24:00     03-09 00:00     FP & S
-#       10-06   10-05 24:00     10-06 01:00     FP & W
-# 1919  03-01   03-01 24:00     03-01 00:00     FP & S
-#       10-04   10-04 24:00     10-04 01:00     FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1920  03-20   03-20 24:00     03-20 00:00     FP & S
-#       09-18   09-18 24:00     10-01 01:00     FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1944  04-02   04-03 02:00                     S (see C-Eur)
-#       09-16   10-02 03:00                     FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1945  09-14   09-16 24:00                     FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1970  05-21   05-31 00:00                     S
-#       09-20   09-27 00:00                     S
+# From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20):
+# The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological
+# institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at
+# http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml
+# (2016-10-24):
+# http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/
+# has still different data for 1944.  It divides Italy in two, as
+# there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic
+# Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south
+# of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies.
 #
+# From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23):
+# Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219.
+# Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ...
+# Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is
+# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ...
+# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27):
+# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944
+# for the Kingdom of Italy.  This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
+# Model Rome's occupation by using using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
+# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
+# was effectively controlled by Germany.
+#
 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
-Rule    Italy   1916    only    -       Jun      3      0:00s   1:00    S
-Rule    Italy   1916    only    -       Oct      1      0:00s   0       -
-Rule    Italy   1917    only    -       Apr      1      0:00s   1:00    S
-Rule    Italy   1917    only    -       Sep     30      0:00s   0       -
-Rule    Italy   1918    only    -       Mar     10      0:00s   1:00    S
-Rule    Italy   1918    1919    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00s   0       -
-Rule    Italy   1919    only    -       Mar      2      0:00s   1:00    S
-Rule    Italy   1920    only    -       Mar     21      0:00s   1:00    S
-Rule    Italy   1920    only    -       Sep     19      0:00s   0       -
-Rule    Italy   1940    only    -       Jun     15      0:00s   1:00    S
-Rule    Italy   1944    only    -       Sep     17      0:00s   0       -
+Rule    Italy   1916    only    -       Jun      3      24:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Italy   1916    1917    -       Sep     30      24:00   0       -
+Rule    Italy   1917    only    -       Mar     31      24:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Italy   1918    only    -       Mar      9      24:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Italy   1918    only    -       Oct      6      24:00   0       -
+Rule    Italy   1919    only    -       Mar      1      24:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Italy   1919    only    -       Oct      4      24:00   0       -
+Rule    Italy   1920    only    -       Mar     20      24:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Italy   1920    only    -       Sep     18      24:00   0       -
+Rule    Italy   1940    only    -       Jun     14      24:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Italy   1942    only    -       Nov      2       2:00s  0       -
+Rule    Italy   1943    only    -       Mar     29       2:00s  1:00    S
+Rule    Italy   1943    only    -       Oct      4       2:00s  0       -
+Rule    Italy   1944    only    -       Apr      2       2:00s  1:00    S
+Rule    Italy   1944    only    -       Sep     17       2:00s  0       -
 Rule    Italy   1945    only    -       Apr      2      2:00    1:00    S
-Rule    Italy   1945    only    -       Sep     15      0:00s   0       -
+Rule    Italy   1945    only    -       Sep     15       1:00   0       -
 Rule    Italy   1946    only    -       Mar     17      2:00s   1:00    S
 Rule    Italy   1946    only    -       Oct      6      2:00s   0       -
 Rule    Italy   1947    only    -       Mar     16      0:00s   1:00    S
 Rule    Italy   1947    only    -       Oct      5      0:00s   0       -
 Rule    Italy   1948    only    -       Feb     29      2:00s   1:00    S
 Rule    Italy   1948    only    -       Oct      3      2:00s   0       -
-Rule    Italy   1966    1968    -       May     Sun>=22 0:00    1:00    S
-Rule    Italy   1966    1969    -       Sep     Sun>=22 0:00    0       -
-Rule    Italy   1969    only    -       Jun      1      0:00    1:00    S
-Rule    Italy   1970    only    -       May     31      0:00    1:00    S
-Rule    Italy   1970    only    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       -
-Rule    Italy   1971    1972    -       May     Sun>=22 0:00    1:00    S
-Rule    Italy   1971    only    -       Sep     lastSun 1:00    0       -
-Rule    Italy   1972    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
-Rule    Italy   1973    only    -       Jun      3      0:00    1:00    S
-Rule    Italy   1973    1974    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       -
-Rule    Italy   1974    only    -       May     26      0:00    1:00    S
+Rule    Italy   1966    1968    -       May     Sun>=22  0:00s  1:00    S
+Rule    Italy   1966    only    -       Sep     24      24:00   0       -
+Rule    Italy   1967    1969    -       Sep     Sun>=22  0:00s  0       -
+Rule    Italy   1969    only    -       Jun      1       0:00s  1:00    S
+Rule    Italy   1970    only    -       May     31       0:00s  1:00    S
+Rule    Italy   1970    only    -       Sep     lastSun  0:00s  0       -
+Rule    Italy   1971    1972    -       May     Sun>=22  0:00s  1:00    S
+Rule    Italy   1971    only    -       Sep     lastSun  0:00s  0       -
+Rule    Italy   1972    only    -       Oct      1       0:00s  0       -
+Rule    Italy   1973    only    -       Jun      3       0:00s  1:00    S
+Rule    Italy   1973    1974    -       Sep     lastSun  0:00s  0       -
+Rule    Italy   1974    only    -       May     26       0:00s  1:00    S
 Rule    Italy   1975    only    -       Jun      1      0:00s   1:00    S
 Rule    Italy   1975    1977    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00s   0       -
 Rule    Italy   1976    only    -       May     30      0:00s   1:00    S
 Rule    Italy   1977    1979    -       May     Sun>=22 0:00s   1:00    S
 Rule    Italy   1978    only    -       Oct      1      0:00s   0       -
 Rule    Italy   1979    only    -       Sep     30      0:00s   0       -
 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 Zone    Europe/Rome     0:49:56 -       LMT     1866 Sep 22
-                        0:49:56 -       RMT     1893 Nov  1  0:00s # Rome Mean
-                        1:00    Italy   CE%sT   1942 Nov  2  2:00s
-                        1:00    C-Eur   CE%sT   1944 Jul
+                        0:49:56 -       RMT     1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean
+                        1:00    Italy   CE%sT   1943 Sep 10
+                        1:00    C-Eur   CE%sT   1944 Jun  4
                         1:00    Italy   CE%sT   1980
                         1:00    EU      CE%sT
 
 Link    Europe/Rome     Europe/Vatican
 Link    Europe/Rome     Europe/San_Marino

@@ -1763,10 +1771,14 @@
 
 # Macedonia
 # See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Malta
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21):
+# Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks.
+#
 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 Rule    Malta   1973    only    -       Mar     31      0:00s   1:00    S
 Rule    Malta   1973    only    -       Sep     29      0:00s   0       -
 Rule    Malta   1974    only    -       Apr     21      0:00s   1:00    S
 Rule    Malta   1974    only    -       Sep     16      0:00s   0       -

@@ -1773,12 +1785,10 @@
 Rule    Malta   1975    1979    -       Apr     Sun>=15 2:00    1:00    S
 Rule    Malta   1975    1980    -       Sep     Sun>=15 2:00    0       -
 Rule    Malta   1980    only    -       Mar     31      2:00    1:00    S
 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 Zone    Europe/Malta    0:58:04 -       LMT     1893 Nov  2  0:00s # Valletta
-                        1:00    Italy   CE%sT   1942 Nov  2  2:00s
-                        1:00    C-Eur   CE%sT   1945 Apr  2  2:00s
                         1:00    Italy   CE%sT   1973 Mar 31
                         1:00    Malta   CE%sT   1981
                         1:00    EU      CE%sT
 
 # Moldova

@@ -1906,11 +1916,11 @@
 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
 # Amsterdam mean time.
 
 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from
-# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm
+# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
 
 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 Rule    Neth    1916    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    NST     # Netherlands Summer Time
 Rule    Neth    1916    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       AMT     # Amsterdam Mean Time
 Rule    Neth    1917    only    -       Apr     16      2:00s   1:00    NST

@@ -1937,11 +1947,11 @@
 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Amsterdam   0:19:32 -       LMT     1835
                         0:19:32 Neth    %s      1937 Jul  1
-                        0:20    Neth    NE%sT   1940 May 16  0:00 # Dutch Time
+                        0:20    Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16  0:00
                         1:00    C-Eur   CE%sT   1945 Apr  2  2:00
                         1:00    Neth    CE%sT   1977
                         1:00    EU      CE%sT
 
 # Norway

@@ -2154,20 +2164,38 @@
                          1:00   -       CET     1976 Sep 26  1:00
                          0:00   Port    WE%sT   1983 Sep 25  1:00s
                          0:00   W-Eur   WE%sT   1992 Sep 27  1:00s
                          1:00   EU      CE%sT   1996 Mar 31  1:00u
                          0:00   EU      WE%sT
+# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
 Zone Atlantic/Azores    -1:42:40 -      LMT     1884        # Ponta Delgada
                         -1:54:32 -      HMT     1912 Jan  1 # Horta Mean Time
-                        -2:00   Port    AZO%sT  1966 Apr  3  2:00  # Azores Time
-                        -1:00   Port    AZO%sT  1983 Sep 25  1:00s
-                        -1:00   W-Eur   AZO%sT  1992 Sep 27  1:00s
+                        -2:00   Port    -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
+                        -2:00   Port    +00     1942 Aug 15 22:00s
+                        -2:00   Port    -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
+                        -2:00   Port    +00     1943 Aug 28 22:00s
+                        -2:00   Port    -02/-01 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
+                        -2:00   Port    +00     1944 Aug 26 22:00s
+                        -2:00   Port    -02/-01 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
+                        -2:00   Port    +00     1945 Aug 25 22:00s
+                        -2:00   Port    -02/-01 1966 Apr  3  2:00
+                        -1:00   Port    -01/+00 1983 Sep 25  1:00s
+                        -1:00   W-Eur   -01/+00 1992 Sep 27  1:00s
                          0:00   EU      WE%sT   1993 Mar 28  1:00u
-                        -1:00   EU      AZO%sT
+                        -1:00   EU      -01/+00
+# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
 Zone Atlantic/Madeira   -1:07:36 -      LMT     1884        # Funchal
                         -1:07:36 -      FMT     1912 Jan  1 # Funchal Mean Time
-                        -1:00   Port    MAD%sT  1966 Apr  3  2:00 # Madeira Time
+                        -1:00   Port    -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
+                        -1:00   Port    +01     1942 Aug 15 22:00s
+                        -1:00   Port    -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
+                        -1:00   Port    +01     1943 Aug 28 22:00s
+                        -1:00   Port    -01/+00 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
+                        -1:00   Port    +01     1944 Aug 26 22:00s
+                        -1:00   Port    -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
+                        -1:00   Port    +01     1945 Aug 25 22:00s
+                        -1:00   Port    -01/+00 1966 Apr  3  2:00
                          0:00   Port    WE%sT   1983 Sep 25  1:00s
                          0:00   EU      WE%sT
 
 # Romania
 #

@@ -2521,14 +2549,12 @@
                          3:00   Russia  MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27  2:00s
                          4:00   -       MSK     2014 Oct 26  2:00s
                          3:00   -       MSK
 
 
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Europe/Simferopol covers...
-# **    ****    Crimea, Republic of
-# **    ****    Sevastopol
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
+# Europe/Simferopol covers Crimea.
 
 Zone Europe/Simferopol   2:16:24 -      LMT     1880
                          2:16   -       SMT     1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T
                          2:00   -       EET     1930 Jun 21
                          3:00   -       MSK     1941 Nov

@@ -2586,14 +2612,13 @@
                          3:00   Russia  +03/+04 2011 Mar 27  2:00s
                          4:00   -       +04     2014 Oct 26  2:00s
                          3:00   -       +03     2016 Mar 27  2:00s
                          4:00   -       +04
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
 # Europe/Volgograd covers:
 # 34    RU-VGG  Volgograd Oblast
-# 64    RU-SAR  Saratov Oblast
 # The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
 
 Zone Europe/Volgograd    2:57:40 -      LMT     1920 Jan  3
                          3:00   -       +03     1930 Jun 21
                          4:00   -       +04     1961 Nov 11

@@ -2602,10 +2627,31 @@
                          4:00   -       +04     1992 Mar 29  2:00s
                          3:00   Russia  +03/+04 2011 Mar 27  2:00s
                          4:00   -       +04     2014 Oct 26  2:00s
                          3:00   -       +03
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
+# Europe/Saratov covers:
+# 64    RU-SAR  Saratov Oblast
+
+# From Yuri Konotopov (2016-11-11):
+# Dec 4, 2016 02:00 UTC+3....  Saratov Region's local time will be ... UTC+4.
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-11):
+# ... Byalokoz listed Saratov on 03:04:18.
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-22):
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031
+
+Zone Europe/Saratov      3:04:18 -      LMT     1919 Jul  1  0:00u
+                         3:00   -       +03     1930 Jun 21
+                         4:00   Russia  +04/+05 1988 Mar 27  2:00s
+                         3:00   Russia  +03/+04 1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+                         4:00   -       +04     1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+                         3:00   Russia  +03/+04 2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+                         4:00   -       +04     2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+                         3:00   -       +03     2016 Dec  4  2:00s
+                         4:00   -       +04
+
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Europe/Kirov covers:
 # 43    RU-KIR  Kirov Oblast
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 #

@@ -3197,50 +3243,81 @@
 
 # Slovenia
 # See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Spain
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-14):
+#
+# The source for Europe/Madrid before 2013 is:
+# Planesas P. La hora oficial en España y sus cambios.
+# Anuario del Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid (2013, in Spanish).
+# http://astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficialenespana.pdf
+# As this source says that historical time in the Canaries is obscure,
+# and it does not discuss Ceuta, stick with Shanks for now for that data.
+#
+# In the 1918 and 1919 fallback transitions in Spain, the clock for
+# the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that
+# the repeated instances of that day's 00:00 hour were 24 hours apart,
+# with a fallback transition from the second occurrence of 00:59... to
+# the next day's 00:00.  Our data format cannot represent this
+# directly, and instead repeats the first hour of the next day, with a
+# fallback transition from the next day's 00:59... to 00:00.
+
+# From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15):
+# The Royal Decree of 1900-06-26 quoted by Planesas, online at
+# https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf
+# says in its article 5 (my translation):
+# These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the
+# instant at which, according to the time indicated in article 1,
+# the 1st day of January of 1901 will begin.
+
 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
-# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule    Spain   1917    only    -       May      5      23:00s  1:00    S
-Rule    Spain   1917    1919    -       Oct      6      23:00s  0       -
-Rule    Spain   1918    only    -       Apr     15      23:00s  1:00    S
-Rule    Spain   1919    only    -       Apr      5      23:00s  1:00    S
-# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule    Spain   1924    only    -       Apr     16      23:00s  1:00    S
-# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule    Spain   1924    only    -       Oct      4      23:00s  0       -
-Rule    Spain   1926    only    -       Apr     17      23:00s  1:00    S
-# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule    Spain   1926    1929    -       Oct     Sat>=1  23:00s  0       -
-Rule    Spain   1927    only    -       Apr      9      23:00s  1:00    S
-Rule    Spain   1928    only    -       Apr     14      23:00s  1:00    S
-Rule    Spain   1929    only    -       Apr     20      23:00s  1:00    S
-# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule    Spain   1937    only    -       May     22      23:00s  1:00    S
-Rule    Spain   1937    1939    -       Oct     Sat>=1  23:00s  0       -
-Rule    Spain   1938    only    -       Mar     22      23:00s  1:00    S
-Rule    Spain   1939    only    -       Apr     15      23:00s  1:00    S
-Rule    Spain   1940    only    -       Mar     16      23:00s  1:00    S
-# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule    Spain   1942    only    -       May      2      22:00s  2:00    M # Midsummer
-Rule    Spain   1942    only    -       Sep      1      22:00s  1:00    S
-Rule    Spain   1943    1946    -       Apr     Sat>=13 22:00s  2:00    M
-Rule    Spain   1943    only    -       Oct      3      22:00s  1:00    S
-Rule    Spain   1944    only    -       Oct     10      22:00s  1:00    S
-Rule    Spain   1945    only    -       Sep     30       1:00   1:00    S
-Rule    Spain   1946    only    -       Sep     30       0:00   0       -
+Rule    Spain   1918    only    -       Apr     15      23:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Spain   1918    1919    -       Oct      6      24:00s  0       -
+Rule    Spain   1919    only    -       Apr      6      23:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Spain   1924    only    -       Apr     16      23:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Spain   1924    only    -       Oct      4      24:00s  0       -
+Rule    Spain   1926    only    -       Apr     17      23:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Spain   1926    1929    -       Oct     Sat>=1  24:00s  0       -
+Rule    Spain   1927    only    -       Apr      9      23:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Spain   1928    only    -       Apr     15       0:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Spain   1929    only    -       Apr     20      23:00   1:00    S
+# Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until 1939-03-28.
+Rule    Spain   1937    only    -       Jun     16      23:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Spain   1937    only    -       Oct      2      24:00s  0       -
+Rule    Spain   1938    only    -       Apr      2      23:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Spain   1938    only    -       Apr     30      23:00   2:00    M
+Rule    Spain   1938    only    -       Oct      2      24:00   1:00    S
+# The following rules are for unified Spain again.
+#
+# Planesas does not say what happened in Madrid between its fall on
+# 1939-03-28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on
+# 1939-04-15.  For lack of better info, assume Madrid's clocks did not
+# change during that period.
+#
+# The first rule is commented out, as it is redundant for Republican Spain.
+#Rule   Spain   1939    only    -       Apr     15      23:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Spain   1939    only    -       Oct      7      24:00s  0       -
+Rule    Spain   1942    only    -       May      2      23:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Spain   1942    only    -       Sep      1       1:00   0       -
+Rule    Spain   1943    1946    -       Apr     Sat>=13 23:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Spain   1943    1944    -       Oct     Sun>=1   1:00   0       -
+Rule    Spain   1945    1946    -       Sep     lastSun  1:00   0       -
 Rule    Spain   1949    only    -       Apr     30      23:00   1:00    S
-Rule    Spain   1949    only    -       Sep     30       1:00   0       -
-Rule    Spain   1974    1975    -       Apr     Sat>=13 23:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Spain   1949    only    -       Oct      2       1:00   0       -
+Rule    Spain   1974    1975    -       Apr     Sat>=12 23:00   1:00    S
 Rule    Spain   1974    1975    -       Oct     Sun>=1   1:00   0       -
 Rule    Spain   1976    only    -       Mar     27      23:00   1:00    S
 Rule    Spain   1976    1977    -       Sep     lastSun  1:00   0       -
-Rule    Spain   1977    1978    -       Apr      2      23:00   1:00    S
-Rule    Spain   1978    only    -       Oct      1       1:00   0       -
+Rule    Spain   1977    only    -       Apr      2      23:00   1:00    S
+Rule    Spain   1978    only    -       Apr      2       2:00s  1:00    S
+Rule    Spain   1978    only    -       Oct      1       2:00s  0       -
+# Nationalist Spain during the civil war
+#Rule NatSpain  1937    only    -       May     22      23:00   1:00    S
+#Rule NatSpain  1937    1938    -       Oct     Sat>=1  24:00s  0       -
+#Rule NatSpain  1938    only    -       Mar     26      23:00   1:00    S
 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
 Rule SpainAfrica 1967   only    -       Jun      3      12:00   1:00    S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1967   only    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
 Rule SpainAfrica 1974   only    -       Jun     24       0:00   1:00    S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1974   only    -       Sep      1       0:00   0       -

@@ -3248,24 +3325,24 @@
 Rule SpainAfrica 1976   only    -       Aug      1       0:00   0       -
 Rule SpainAfrica 1977   only    -       Sep     28       0:00   0       -
 Rule SpainAfrica 1978   only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1978   only    -       Aug      4       0:00   0       -
 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
-Zone    Europe/Madrid   -0:14:44 -      LMT     1901 Jan  1  0:00s
-                         0:00   Spain   WE%sT   1946 Sep 30
+Zone    Europe/Madrid   -0:14:44 -      LMT     1900 Dec 31 23:45:16
+                         0:00   Spain   WE%sT   1940 Mar 16 23:00
                          1:00   Spain   CE%sT   1979
                          1:00   EU      CE%sT
-Zone    Africa/Ceuta    -0:21:16 -      LMT     1901
+Zone    Africa/Ceuta    -0:21:16 -      LMT     1900 Dec 31 23:38:44
                          0:00   -       WET     1918 May  6 23:00
                          0:00   1:00    WEST    1918 Oct  7 23:00
                          0:00   -       WET     1924
                          0:00   Spain   WE%sT   1929
                          0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
                          1:00   -       CET     1986
                          1:00   EU      CE%sT
 Zone    Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 -      LMT     1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
-                        -1:00   -       CANT    1946 Sep 30  1:00 # Canaries T
+                        -1:00   -       -01     1946 Sep 30  1:00
                          0:00   -       WET     1980 Apr  6  0:00s
                          0:00   1:00    WEST    1980 Sep 28  1:00u
                          0:00   EU      WE%sT
 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.

@@ -3674,11 +3751,11 @@
 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English.  Use the common English
 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
 # portable Posix file names.
 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye  2:20:40 -       LMT     1880
-                        2:20    -       CUT     1924 May  2 # Central Ukraine T
+                        2:20    -       +0220   1924 May  2
                         2:00    -       EET     1930 Jun 21
                         3:00    -       MSK     1941 Aug 25
                         1:00    C-Eur   CE%sT   1943 Oct 25
                         3:00    Russia  MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31  2:00
                         2:00    E-Eur   EE%sT   1995