27 # Northern Territory
28 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
29 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
30 9:30 Aus AC%sT
31 # Western Australia
32 #
33 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
34 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
35 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
36 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
37 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
38 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D
39 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
40 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D
41 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
42 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
43 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
44 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul
45 8:00 AW AW%sT
46 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
47 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul
48 8:45 AW ACW%sT
49
50 # Queensland
51 #
52 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
53 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
54 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
55 # Queensland ceased to.
56 #
57 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
58 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
59 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
60 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
61 # so use Lindeman.
62 #
63 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
64 # There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday
65 # islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the
66 # north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and
67 # Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone
68 # applies to all of the Whitsundays.
195 9:30 AS AC%sT
196
197 # Lord Howe Island
198 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
199 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
200 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
201 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
202 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
203 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D
204 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
205 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
206 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
207 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
208 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
209 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
210 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
211 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
212 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D
213 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
214 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar
215 10:30 LH LH%sT
216
217 # Australian miscellany
218 #
219 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
220 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
221 # no times are set
222 #
223 # Coral Sea Is
224 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
225 # no times are set
226 #
227 # Macquarie
228 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
229 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
230 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
231 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
232 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
233 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
234 #
235 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
236 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
237 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
238 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
239 # on 4 April.
240 #
241 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
242 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
243 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
244 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
245 # pre-2013 versions of localtime.
246 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov
247 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
248 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
249 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
250 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25
251 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
252 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
253 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time
254
255 # Christmas
256 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
257 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
258 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
259
260 # Cocos (Keeling) Is
261 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
262 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
263 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
264 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
265 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
266
267
268 # Fiji
269
270 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
271
272 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
273 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
274 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
275 #
276 # "Daylight savings to commence this month"
277 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
278 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
279
280 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
281 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
282 # amendments:
283 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
284
285 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
358
359 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-03):
360 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to
361 # 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches
362 # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future
363 # practice than guessing no DST.
364
365 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
366 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
367 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
368 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
369 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
370 Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
371 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
372 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
373 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
374 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
375 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
376 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
377 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
378 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
379
380 # French Polynesia
381 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
382 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
383 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
384 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
385 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
386 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
387 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
388 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
389 # it is uninhabited.
390
391 # Guam
392 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
393 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
394 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
395 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
396 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
397 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
398
399 # Kiribati
400 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
401 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
402 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
403 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
404 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
405 -11:00 - PHOT 1995
406 13:00 - PHOT
407 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
408 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
409 -10:00 - LINT 1995
410 14:00 - LINT
411
412 # N Mariana Is
413 # See Pacific/Guam.
414
415 # Marshall Is
416 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
417 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
418 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
419 12:00 - MHT
420 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
421 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
422 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
423 12:00 - MHT
424
425 # Micronesia
426 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
427 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
428 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
429 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
430 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
431 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
432 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
433 12:00 - KOST 1999
434 11:00 - KOST
435
436 # Nauru
437 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
438 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
439 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
440 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
441 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
442 12:00 - NRT
443
444 # New Caledonia
445 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
446 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
447 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
448 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
449 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
450 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
451 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
452 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
453 11:00 NC NC%sT
454
455
456 ###############################################################################
457
458 # New Zealand
459
460 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
461 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
462 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
463 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
464 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
465 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
466 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
467 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
468 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
469 # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
470 # so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
471 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
472 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
473 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
474 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
475 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
476 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
477 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
478 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
479 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
480 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
481 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
482 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
483 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
484 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
485 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
486 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
487 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
488 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
489 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
490 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
491 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
492 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
493 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
494 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1
495 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
496
497 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
498
499 # Auckland Is
500 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
501 # and scientific personnel have wintered
502
503 # Campbell I
504 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
505 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
506 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
507 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
508
509 # Cook Is
510 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
511 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
512 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
513 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
514 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
515 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
516 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
517 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
518 -10:00 Cook CK%sT
519
520 ###############################################################################
521
522
523 # Niue
524 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
525 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
526 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
527 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
528 -11:00 - NUT
529
530 # Norfolk
531 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
532 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
533 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
534 11:30 - NFT 1974 Oct 27 02:00 # Norfolk T.
535 11:30 1:00 NFST 1975 Mar 2 02:00
536 11:30 - NFT 2015 Oct 4 02:00
537 11:00 - NFT
538
539 # Palau (Belau)
540 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
541 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
542 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
543
544 # Papua New Guinea
545 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
546 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
547 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
548 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
549 #
550 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
551 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
552 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
553 #
554 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
555 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
556 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
557 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
558 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
559 # http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
560 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
561 #
562 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11
563 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time";
564 # abbreviate this as BST. See:
565 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
566 #
567 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880
568 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895
569 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul
570 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21
571 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00
572 11:00 - BST
573
574 # Pitcairn
575 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
576 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
577 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00
578 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
579
580 # American Samoa
581 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
582 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
583 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
584 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
585 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
586 Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands
587
588 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
589
590 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
591 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
592 # the following info:
593 #
594 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
595 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
596 # Sunday of April 2011."
597 #
598 # Background info:
599 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
600 #
601 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
602 # contain any dates:
603 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
604
645 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
646 #
647 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
648 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
649 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
650 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
651 #
652 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
653 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
654 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
655
656 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
657 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D
658 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S
659 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D
660 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S
661 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
662 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
663 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
664 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
665 -11:30 - WSST 1950
666 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa
667 13:00 WS WS%sT
668
669 # Solomon Is
670 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
671 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
672 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
673 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
674
675 # Tokelau Is
676 #
677 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
678 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
679 # December 31 this year ...
680 #
681 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
682 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
683 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
684 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
685 # actually was to UTC-11 back then.
686 #
687 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
688 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
689 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
690 # <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau
691 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
692 # are off by an hour starting in 1901.
693
694 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
695 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
696 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
697 13:00 - TKT
698
699 # Tonga
700 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
701 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
702 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
703 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
704 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
705 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
706 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
707 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
708 13:00 - TOT 1999
709 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
710
711 # Tuvalu
712 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
713 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
714 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
715
716
717 # US minor outlying islands
718
719 # Howland, Baker
720 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
721 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
722 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
723 # uninhabited thereafter.
724 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937;
725 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
726 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
727 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
728 # until they were abandoned after the war.
729
730 # Jarvis
731 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
732 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
733 # uninhabited thereafter.
734 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
735
736 # Johnston
737 #
738 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11):
739 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
740 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
741 # treat it like Hawaii for now.
742 #
743 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
744 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
745 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
746 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and
747 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
748 #
749 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
750 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
751 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
752 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the
753 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
754 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
755 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
756 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
757 # http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
758 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
759 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
760 # Minus One Hour".
761 #
762 # See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston.
763
764 # Kingman
765 # uninhabited
766
767 # Midway
768 # See Pacific/Pago_Pago.
769
770 # Palmyra
771 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
772
773 # Wake
774 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
775 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
776 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
777
778
779 # Vanuatu
780 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
781 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
782 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
783 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
784 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
785 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
786 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
787 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
788 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
789 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
790
791 # Wallis and Futuna
792 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
793 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
794 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
795
796 ###############################################################################
797
798 # NOTES
799
800 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
801 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
802 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
803 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
804
805 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
806 #
807 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
808 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
809 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
810 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
811 #
812 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
813 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
814 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
815 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
816 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
817 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
818 #
819 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
820 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
821 # I found in the UCLA library.
822 #
823 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
824 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
825 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
826 #
827 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
828 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
829 #
830 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
831 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
832 # Corrections are welcome!
833 # std dst
834 # LMT Local Mean Time
835 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
836 # 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia*
837 # 9:00 JST Japan
838 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
839 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
840 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro
841 # 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe*
842 # 11:00 BST Bougainville*
843 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
844 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
845 # 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945*
846 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present*
847 # 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present*
848 # -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950*
849 # -11:00 SST Samoa
850 # -10:00 HST Hawaii
851 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
852 #
853 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
854 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
855
856 ###############################################################################
857
858 # Australia
859
860 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
861 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
862 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
863 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
864 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
865 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
866 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
867 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
868 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
869 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
870 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
871 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
1695 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1696 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1697
1698 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1699 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1700 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1701 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1702 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1703 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1704 # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>)
1705
1706 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1707 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1708
1709 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1710 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1711 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1712 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1713 # hour to 1:00am.
1714
1715 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
1716 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1717
1718
1719 # Wake
1720
1721 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1722 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1723 #
1724 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
1725 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1726 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1727 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1728 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1729 # impossible.
1730 #
1731 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
1732
1733 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1734 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1735
1736 ###############################################################################
1737
|
27 # Northern Territory
28 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
29 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
30 9:30 Aus AC%sT
31 # Western Australia
32 #
33 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
34 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
35 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
36 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
37 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
38 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D
39 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
40 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D
41 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
42 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
43 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
44 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul
45 8:00 AW AW%sT
46 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
47 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul
48 8:45 AW +0845/+0945
49
50 # Queensland
51 #
52 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
53 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
54 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
55 # Queensland ceased to.
56 #
57 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
58 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
59 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
60 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
61 # so use Lindeman.
62 #
63 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
64 # There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday
65 # islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the
66 # north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and
67 # Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone
68 # applies to all of the Whitsundays.
195 9:30 AS AC%sT
196
197 # Lord Howe Island
198 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
199 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
200 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
201 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
202 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
203 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D
204 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
205 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
206 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
207 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
208 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
209 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
210 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
211 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
212 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D
213 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
214 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar
215 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul
216 10:30 LH +1030/+11
217
218 # Australian miscellany
219 #
220 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
221 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
222 # no times are set
223 #
224 # Coral Sea Is
225 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
226 # no times are set
227 #
228 # Macquarie
229 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
230 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
231 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
232 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
233 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
234 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
235 #
236 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
237 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
238 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
239 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
240 # on 4 April.
241 #
242 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
243 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
244 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
245 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
246 # pre-2013 versions of localtime.
247 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov
248 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
249 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
250 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
251 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25
252 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
253 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
254 11:00 - +11
255
256 # Christmas
257 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
258 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
259 7:00 - +07
260
261 # Cocos (Keeling) Is
262 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
263 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
264 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
265 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
266 6:30 - +0630
267
268
269 # Fiji
270
271 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
272
273 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
274 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
275 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
276 #
277 # "Daylight savings to commence this month"
278 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
279 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
280
281 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
282 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
283 # amendments:
284 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
285
286 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
359
360 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-03):
361 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to
362 # 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches
363 # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future
364 # practice than guessing no DST.
365
366 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
367 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
368 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
369 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
370 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
371 Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
372 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
373 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
374 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
375 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
376 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
377 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
378 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
379 12:00 Fiji +12/+13
380
381 # French Polynesia
382 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
383 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
384 -9:00 - -09
385 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
386 -9:30 - -0930
387 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
388 -10:00 - -10
389 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
390 # it is uninhabited.
391
392 # Guam
393 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
394 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
395 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
396 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
397 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
398 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
399
400 # Kiribati
401 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
402 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
403 12:00 - +12
404 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
405 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct
406 -11:00 - -11 1995
407 13:00 - +13
408 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
409 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct
410 -10:00 - -10 1995
411 14:00 - +14
412
413 # N Mariana Is
414 # See Pacific/Guam.
415
416 # Marshall Is
417 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
418 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
419 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
420 12:00 - +12
421 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
422 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
423 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20
424 12:00 - +12
425
426 # Micronesia
427 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
428 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
429 10:00 - +10
430 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
431 11:00 - +11
432 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
433 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
434 12:00 - +12 1999
435 11:00 - +11
436
437 # Nauru
438 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
439 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
440 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15
441 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15
442 11:30 - +1130 1979 May
443 12:00 - +12
444
445 # New Caledonia
446 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
447 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
448 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
449 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
450 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
451 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
452 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
453 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
454 11:00 NC +11/+12
455
456
457 ###############################################################################
458
459 # New Zealand
460
461 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
462 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
463 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
464 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
465 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
466 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
467 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
468 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
469 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
470 # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
471 # so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
472 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
473 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
474 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
475 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
476 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
477 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
478 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
479 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
480 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
481 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
482 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
483 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
484 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
485 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
486 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
487 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
488 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
489 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
490 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
491 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
492 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
493 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
494 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
495 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1
496 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345
497
498 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
499
500 # Auckland Is
501 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
502 # and scientific personnel have wintered
503
504 # Campbell I
505 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
506 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
507 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
508 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
509
510 # Cook Is
511 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
512 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
513 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
514 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
515 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
516 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
517 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
518 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12
519 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930
520
521 ###############################################################################
522
523
524 # Niue
525 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
526 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
527 -11:20 - -1120 1951
528 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1
529 -11:00 - -11
530
531 # Norfolk
532 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
533 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
534 11:12 - +1112 1951
535 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00
536 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00
537 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00
538 11:00 - +11
539
540 # Palau (Belau)
541 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
542 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
543 9:00 - +09
544
545 # Papua New Guinea
546 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
547 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
548 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
549 10:00 - +10
550 #
551 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
552 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
553 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
554 #
555 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
556 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
557 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
558 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
559 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
560 # http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
561 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
562 #
563 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11
564 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time".
565 # See:
566 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
567 #
568 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880
569 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895
570 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul
571 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21
572 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00
573 11:00 - +11
574
575 # Pitcairn
576 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
577 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
578 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00
579 -8:00 - -08
580
581 # American Samoa
582 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
583 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
584 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
585 Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands
586
587 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
588
589 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
590 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
591 # the following info:
592 #
593 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
594 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
595 # Sunday of April 2011."
596 #
597 # Background info:
598 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
599 #
600 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
601 # contain any dates:
602 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
603
644 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
645 #
646 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
647 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
648 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
649 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
650 #
651 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
652 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
653 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
654
655 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
656 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D
657 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S
658 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D
659 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S
660 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
661 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
662 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
663 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
664 -11:30 - -1130 1950
665 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00
666 13:00 WS +13/+14
667
668 # Solomon Is
669 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
670 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
671 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
672 11:00 - +11
673
674 # Tokelau
675 #
676 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
677 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
678 # December 31 this year ...
679 #
680 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
681 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
682 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
683 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
684 # actually was to UTC-11 back then.
685 #
686 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
687 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
688 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
689 # <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau
690 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
691 # are off by an hour starting in 1901.
692
693 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
694 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
695 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30
696 13:00 - +13
697
698 # Tonga
699 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
700 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
701 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
702 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
703 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
704 Rule Tonga 2016 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
705 Rule Tonga 2017 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
706 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
707 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
708 12:20 - +1220 1941
709 13:00 - +13 1999
710 13:00 Tonga +13/+14
711
712 # Tuvalu
713 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
714 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
715 12:00 - +12
716
717
718 # US minor outlying islands
719
720 # Howland, Baker
721 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
722 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
723 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
724 # uninhabited thereafter.
725 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937;
726 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
727 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
728 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
729 # until they were abandoned after the war.
730
731 # Jarvis
732 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
733 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
734 # uninhabited thereafter.
735 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
736
737 # Johnston
738 #
739 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
740 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
741 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
742 # treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited,
743 # its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file.
744 #
745 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
746 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
747 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
748 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and
749 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
750 #
751 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
752 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
753 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
754 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the
755 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
756 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
757 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
758 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
759 # http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
760 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
761 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
762 # Minus One Hour".
763
764 # Kingman
765 # uninhabited
766
767 # Midway
768 # See Pacific/Pago_Pago.
769
770 # Palmyra
771 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
772
773 # Wake
774 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
775 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
776 12:00 - +12
777
778
779 # Vanuatu
780 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
781 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
782 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
783 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
784 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
785 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
786 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
787 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
788 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
789 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12
790
791 # Wallis and Futuna
792 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
793 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
794 12:00 - +12
795
796 ###############################################################################
797
798 # NOTES
799
800 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
801 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
802 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
803 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
804
805 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
806 #
807 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
808 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
809 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
810 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
811 #
812 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
813 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
814 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
815 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
816 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
817 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
818 #
819 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
820 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
821 # I found in the UCLA library.
822 #
823 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
824 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
825 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
826 #
827 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
828 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
829 #
830 # The following abbreviations are from other sources.
831 # Corrections are welcome!
832 # std dst
833 # LMT Local Mean Time
834 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
835 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
836 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
837 # 10:00 GST Guam through 2000
838 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro
839 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
840 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
841 # -11:00 SST Samoa
842 # -10:00 HST Hawaii
843 #
844 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
845 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
846
847 ###############################################################################
848
849 # Australia
850
851 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
852 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
853 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
854 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
855 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
856 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
857 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
858 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
859 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
860 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
861 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
862 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
1686 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1687 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1688
1689 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1690 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1691 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1692 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1693 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1694 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1695 # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>)
1696
1697 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1698 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1699
1700 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1701 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1702 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1703 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1704 # hour to 1:00am.
1705
1706 # From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05):
1707 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1708
1709 # From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27):
1710 # http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017
1711 # Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen
1712 # the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set.
1713 #
1714 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26):
1715 # Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00
1716 # through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now.
1717
1718 # Wake
1719
1720 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1721 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1722 #
1723 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
1724 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1725 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1726 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1727 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1728 # impossible.
1729 #
1730 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
1731
1732 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1733 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1734
1735 ###############################################################################
1736
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