1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 5 6 # Notes are at the end of this file 7 8 ############################################################################### 9 10 # Australia 11 12 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 13 14 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 16 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 17 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 18 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 19 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 20 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 21 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 22 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 23 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 24 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 25 26 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27 # Northern Territory 28 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 30 9:30 Aus AC%sT 31 # Western Australia 32 # 33 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 35 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 36 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 39 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 41 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 42 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 43 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 45 8:00 AW AW%sT 46 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul 48 8:45 AW ACW%sT 49 50 # Queensland 51 # 52 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 53 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 54 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 55 # Queensland ceased to. 56 # 57 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 58 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 59 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 60 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 61 # so use Lindeman. 62 # 63 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 64 # There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 65 # islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 66 # north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 67 # Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 68 # applies to all of the Whitsundays. 69 # http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 70 # 71 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 72 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 73 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 74 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 75 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 76 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 77 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 78 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 79 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 80 10:00 AQ AE%sT 81 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 82 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 83 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 84 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 85 86 # South Australia 87 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 88 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 89 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 90 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 91 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 92 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 93 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 94 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 95 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 96 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 97 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 98 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 99 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 100 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 101 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 102 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 103 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 104 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 105 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 106 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 107 9:30 AS AC%sT 108 109 # Tasmania 110 # 111 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 112 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 113 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 114 # 115 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 116 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 117 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 118 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 119 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 120 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 121 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 122 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 123 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 124 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 125 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 126 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 127 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 128 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 129 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 130 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 131 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 132 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 133 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 134 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 135 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 136 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 137 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 138 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 139 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 140 10:00 AT AE%sT 141 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 142 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 143 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 144 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 145 10:00 AT AE%sT 146 147 # Victoria 148 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 149 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 150 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 151 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 152 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 153 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 154 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 155 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 156 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 157 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 158 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 159 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 160 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 161 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 162 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 163 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 164 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 165 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 166 10:00 AV AE%sT 167 168 # New South Wales 169 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 170 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 171 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 172 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 173 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 174 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 176 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 177 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 179 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 180 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 181 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 182 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 183 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 184 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 185 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 186 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 187 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 188 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 189 10:00 AN AE%sT 190 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 191 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 192 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 193 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 194 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 195 9:30 AS AC%sT 196 197 # Lord Howe Island 198 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 199 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 200 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 201 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 202 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 203 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 204 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 205 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 206 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 207 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 208 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 209 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 210 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 211 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 212 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 213 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 214 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 215 10:30 LH LH%sT 216 217 # Australian miscellany 218 # 219 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 220 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 221 # no times are set 222 # 223 # Coral Sea Is 224 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 225 # no times are set 226 # 227 # Macquarie 228 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 229 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 230 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 231 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 232 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 233 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 234 # 235 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 236 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 237 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 238 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 239 # on 4 April. 240 # 241 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 242 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 243 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 244 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 245 # pre-2013 versions of localtime. 246 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 247 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 248 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 249 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 250 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 251 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 252 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 253 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 254 255 # Christmas 256 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 257 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 258 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 259 260 # Cocos (Keeling) Is 261 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 262 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 263 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 264 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 265 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 266 267 268 # Fiji 269 270 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 271 272 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 273 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 274 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 275 # 276 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" 277 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 278 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 279 280 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 281 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 282 # amendments: 283 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 284 285 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 286 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 287 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 288 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 289 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 290 # 291 # Official source: 292 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 293 # 294 # A bit more background info here: 295 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 296 297 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 298 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 299 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 300 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 301 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 302 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 303 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 304 305 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 306 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 307 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 308 # 309 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 310 # which says 311 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 312 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 313 # 2am on February 26 next year. 314 315 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 316 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 317 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 318 # 319 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 320 # states: 321 # 322 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 323 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 324 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 325 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. 326 327 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 328 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 329 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 330 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 331 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 332 333 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 334 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 335 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 336 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 337 338 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 339 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 340 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 341 342 # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 343 # DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 344 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 345 346 # From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 347 # in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 348 # via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 349 # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 350 # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 351 # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 352 353 # From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 354 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 355 # "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 356 # clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 357 # end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 358 359 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-03): 360 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 361 # 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches 362 # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future 363 # practice than guessing no DST. 364 365 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 366 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 367 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 368 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 369 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 370 Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 371 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 372 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 373 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 374 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 375 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 376 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 377 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 378 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 379 380 # French Polynesia 381 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 382 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 383 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 384 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 385 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 386 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 387 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 388 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 389 # it is uninhabited. 390 391 # Guam 392 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 393 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 394 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 395 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 396 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 397 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 398 399 # Kiribati 400 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 401 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 402 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 403 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 404 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 405 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 406 13:00 - PHOT 407 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 408 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 409 -10:00 - LINT 1995 410 14:00 - LINT 411 412 # N Mariana Is 413 # See Pacific/Guam. 414 415 # Marshall Is 416 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 418 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 419 12:00 - MHT 420 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 421 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 422 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 423 12:00 - MHT 424 425 # Micronesia 426 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 427 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 428 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 429 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 430 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 431 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 432 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 433 12:00 - KOST 1999 434 11:00 - KOST 435 436 # Nauru 437 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 438 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 439 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 440 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 441 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 442 12:00 - NRT 443 444 # New Caledonia 445 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 446 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 447 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 448 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 449 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 450 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 451 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 452 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 453 11:00 NC NC%sT 454 455 456 ############################################################################### 457 458 # New Zealand 459 460 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 461 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 462 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 463 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 464 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 465 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 466 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 467 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 468 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 469 # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 470 # so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 471 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 472 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 473 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 474 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 475 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 476 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 477 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 478 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 479 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 480 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 481 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 482 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 483 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 484 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 485 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 486 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 487 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 488 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 489 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 490 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 491 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 492 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 493 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 494 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1 495 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 496 497 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 498 499 # Auckland Is 500 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 501 # and scientific personnel have wintered 502 503 # Campbell I 504 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 505 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 506 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 507 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 508 509 # Cook Is 510 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 511 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 512 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 513 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 514 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 515 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 516 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 517 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 518 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 519 520 ############################################################################### 521 522 523 # Niue 524 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 525 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 526 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 527 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 528 -11:00 - NUT 529 530 # Norfolk 531 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 532 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 533 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 534 11:30 - NFT 1974 Oct 27 02:00 # Norfolk T. 535 11:30 1:00 NFST 1975 Mar 2 02:00 536 11:30 - NFT 2015 Oct 4 02:00 537 11:00 - NFT 538 539 # Palau (Belau) 540 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 541 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 542 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 543 544 # Papua New Guinea 545 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 546 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 547 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 548 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 549 # 550 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 551 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 552 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 553 # 554 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 555 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 556 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 557 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 558 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 559 # http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 560 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 561 # 562 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 563 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time"; 564 # abbreviate this as BST. See: 565 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 566 # 567 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 568 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 569 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul 570 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21 571 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00 572 11:00 - BST 573 574 # Pitcairn 575 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 576 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 577 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00 578 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 579 580 # American Samoa 581 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 582 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 583 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 584 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 585 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 586 Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 587 588 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 589 590 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 591 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 592 # the following info: 593 # 594 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 595 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 596 # Sunday of April 2011." 597 # 598 # Background info: 599 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 600 # 601 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 602 # contain any dates: 603 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 604 605 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 606 # Please see 607 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws 608 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 609 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 610 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 611 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 612 613 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 614 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 615 # 616 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 617 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 618 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 619 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 620 621 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 622 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 623 # 624 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 625 626 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 627 # The International Date Line Act 2011 628 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 629 # changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 630 # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 631 # accordingly. 632 633 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 634 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 635 # 636 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 637 # 638 # DST 639 # Year End Time Start Time 640 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 641 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 642 # 643 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 644 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 645 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 646 # 647 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 648 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 649 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 650 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 651 # 652 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 653 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 654 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 655 656 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 657 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 658 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 659 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 660 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 661 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 662 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 663 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 664 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 665 -11:30 - WSST 1950 666 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa 667 13:00 WS WS%sT 668 669 # Solomon Is 670 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 671 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 672 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 673 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 674 675 # Tokelau Is 676 # 677 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 678 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 679 # December 31 this year ... 680 # 681 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 682 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 683 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 684 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 685 # actually was to UTC-11 back then. 686 # 687 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 688 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 689 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 690 # <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 691 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 692 # are off by an hour starting in 1901. 693 694 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 695 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 696 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 697 13:00 - TKT 698 699 # Tonga 700 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 701 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 702 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 703 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 704 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 705 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 706 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 707 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 708 13:00 - TOT 1999 709 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 710 711 # Tuvalu 712 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 713 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 714 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 715 716 717 # US minor outlying islands 718 719 # Howland, Baker 720 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 721 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 722 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 723 # uninhabited thereafter. 724 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 725 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 726 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 727 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 728 # until they were abandoned after the war. 729 730 # Jarvis 731 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 732 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 733 # uninhabited thereafter. 734 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 735 736 # Johnston 737 # 738 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): 739 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 740 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 741 # treat it like Hawaii for now. 742 # 743 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 744 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 745 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 746 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 747 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 748 # 749 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 750 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 751 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 752 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 753 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 754 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 755 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 756 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 757 # http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 758 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 759 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 760 # Minus One Hour". 761 # 762 # See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 763 764 # Kingman 765 # uninhabited 766 767 # Midway 768 # See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 769 770 # Palmyra 771 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 772 773 # Wake 774 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 775 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 776 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 777 778 779 # Vanuatu 780 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 781 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 782 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 783 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 784 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 785 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 786 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 787 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 788 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 789 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 790 791 # Wallis and Futuna 792 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 793 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 794 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 795 796 ############################################################################### 797 798 # NOTES 799 800 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 801 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 802 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 803 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 804 805 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 806 # 807 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 808 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 809 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 810 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 811 # 812 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 813 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 814 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 815 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 816 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 817 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 818 # 819 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 820 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 821 # I found in the UCLA library. 822 # 823 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 824 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 825 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 826 # 827 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 828 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 829 # 830 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 831 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 832 # Corrections are welcome! 833 # std dst 834 # LMT Local Mean Time 835 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 836 # 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia* 837 # 9:00 JST Japan 838 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 839 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 840 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 841 # 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe* 842 # 11:00 BST Bougainville* 843 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 844 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 845 # 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945* 846 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present* 847 # 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present* 848 # -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950* 849 # -11:00 SST Samoa 850 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 851 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 852 # 853 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 854 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 855 856 ############################################################################### 857 858 # Australia 859 860 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 861 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 862 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 863 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 864 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 865 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 866 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 867 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 868 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 869 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 870 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 871 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 872 873 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 874 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 875 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 876 # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 877 878 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 879 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 880 # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 881 # covers New South Wales in particular. 882 883 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 884 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 885 # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 886 # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 887 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 888 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 889 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 890 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 891 # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 892 # time'. 893 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 894 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 895 # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 896 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 897 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 898 # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 899 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 900 901 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 902 # 903 # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 904 # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 905 # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 906 # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 907 # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 908 # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 909 # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 910 # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 911 # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 912 # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 913 # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 914 # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 915 # 916 # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 917 # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 918 # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 919 # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 920 # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 921 # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 922 # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 923 # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 924 # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 925 # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 926 # 927 # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 928 # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 929 # 930 # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 931 # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 932 # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 933 # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 934 # 935 # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 936 # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 937 # 938 # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 939 # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 940 # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 941 # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 942 # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 943 # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 944 # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 945 # 946 # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 947 # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 948 # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 949 # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 950 # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 951 # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 952 # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 953 # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 954 # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 955 # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 956 # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 957 # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 958 # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 959 # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 960 # 961 # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 962 # 963 # The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 964 # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 965 # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 966 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 967 # 968 # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 969 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 970 # EST CST WST EDT CDT 971 # 972 # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 973 # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 974 # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 975 # 976 # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 977 # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 978 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 979 # 980 # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 981 # http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 982 # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 983 # 984 # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 985 # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 986 # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 987 # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 988 # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 989 # appear in reports of events with international implications. 990 # 991 # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 992 # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 993 # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 994 # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 995 # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 996 # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 997 # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 998 # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 999 # "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 1000 1001 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1002 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1003 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1004 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1005 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1006 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1007 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1008 1009 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1010 # 1011 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1012 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1013 # relevant entries in this database. 1014 # 1015 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1016 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1017 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1018 # ACT 1019 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1020 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1021 # SA 1022 # Standard Time Act, 1898 1023 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1024 1025 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1026 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1027 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1028 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1029 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1030 # 1031 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1032 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1033 # to extend DST together in 2006. 1034 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1035 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1036 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1037 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1038 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1039 # allude to it. 1040 # But not Queensland 1041 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1042 1043 # Northern Territory 1044 1045 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1046 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1047 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1048 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1049 # ... 1050 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1051 1052 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1053 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1054 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1055 1056 # Western Australia 1057 1058 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1059 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1060 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1061 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1062 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1063 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1064 # # before reaching parliament. 1065 # ... 1066 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1067 # ... 1068 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1069 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1070 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1071 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1072 1073 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1074 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1075 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1076 1077 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1078 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1079 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1080 # work at 9.00am.) 1081 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1082 # everybody again. 1083 1084 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1085 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1086 # it matches what was used in the past. 1087 1088 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1089 # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1090 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1091 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1092 1093 # Queensland 1094 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1095 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1096 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1097 # ... 1098 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1099 # ... 1100 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1101 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1102 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1103 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1104 1105 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1106 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1107 # October 1989). 1108 1109 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1110 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1111 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1112 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1113 1114 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1115 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1116 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1117 # me.) 1118 1119 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1120 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1121 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1122 # ... 1123 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1124 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1125 # ... 1126 1127 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1128 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1129 1130 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1131 # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1132 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 1133 # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1134 1135 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1136 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1137 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1138 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1139 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1140 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1141 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1142 # Australia and Western Australia.... 1143 # 1144 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1145 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 1146 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1147 # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1148 # 1149 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1150 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1151 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1152 # coast of the continent. 1153 # 1154 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1155 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1156 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1157 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1158 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 1159 # 1160 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1161 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1162 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1163 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1164 # 1165 # (2006-12-09): 1166 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1167 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1168 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1169 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1170 1171 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1172 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1173 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 1174 1175 1176 # southeast Australia 1177 # 1178 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1179 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1180 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1181 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1182 1183 1184 # South Australia 1185 1186 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1187 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1188 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1189 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1190 1191 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1192 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1193 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1194 # ... 1195 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1196 # ... 1197 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1198 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1199 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1200 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1201 1202 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1203 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1204 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1205 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1206 1207 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1208 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1209 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1210 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1211 # is on... 1212 1213 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1214 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1215 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1216 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1217 1218 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1219 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1220 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1221 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1222 1223 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1224 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1225 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1226 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1227 1228 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1229 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1230 1231 # Tasmania 1232 1233 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1234 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1235 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1236 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1237 1238 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1239 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1240 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1241 # (but nothing new about that). 1242 1243 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1244 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1245 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1246 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1247 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1248 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1249 1250 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1251 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1252 1253 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1254 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1255 1256 # Victoria 1257 1258 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1259 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1260 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1261 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1262 1263 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1264 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1265 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1266 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1267 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1268 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1269 # 1270 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1271 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1272 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1273 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1274 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1275 # expected time. 1276 # 1277 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1278 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1279 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1280 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1281 # 1282 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1283 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1284 1285 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1286 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1287 1288 # New South Wales 1289 1290 # From Arthur David Olson: 1291 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1292 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1293 # who notes: 1294 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1295 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1296 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1297 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1298 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1299 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1300 1301 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1302 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1303 # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1304 # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1305 # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1306 1307 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1308 # See the following official NSW source: 1309 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1310 # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1311 # 1312 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1313 # daylight saving next year. See: 1314 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1315 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1316 # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1317 # 1318 # Victoria will following NSW. See: 1319 # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1320 # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1321 # 1322 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1323 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1324 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1325 # 1326 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1327 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1328 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1329 # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1330 # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1331 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1332 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1333 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1334 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1335 # 1336 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1337 # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1338 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1339 1340 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1341 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1342 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1343 1344 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1345 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1346 # towns to use Queensland time. 1347 1348 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1349 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1350 1351 # Yancowinna 1352 1353 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1354 # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1355 1356 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1357 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1358 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1359 # ... 1360 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1361 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1362 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1363 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1364 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1365 # # presently available. 1366 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1367 # ... 1368 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1369 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1370 # [followed by other Rules] 1371 1372 # Lord Howe Island 1373 1374 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1375 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1376 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1377 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1378 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1379 1380 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1381 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1382 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1383 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1384 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1385 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1386 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1387 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1388 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1389 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1390 1391 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1392 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1393 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1394 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1395 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1396 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1397 1398 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1399 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1400 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1401 1402 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1403 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1404 1405 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1406 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1407 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1408 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1409 # 1410 # From 1411 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1412 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1413 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1414 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1415 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1416 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1417 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1418 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1419 # 1420 # We have a wrap-up here: 1421 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1422 ############################################################################### 1423 1424 # New Zealand 1425 1426 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1427 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1428 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1429 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1430 # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1431 1432 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1433 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1434 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1435 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1436 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1437 # ... 1438 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1439 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1440 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1441 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1442 # ... 1443 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1444 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1445 1446 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1447 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1448 # rather than the October 1 value. 1449 1450 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1451 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1452 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1453 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1454 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1455 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1456 # 1457 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1458 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1459 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1460 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1461 # 1462 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1463 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1464 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1465 1466 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1467 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1468 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1469 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1470 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1471 1472 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1473 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1474 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1475 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1476 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1477 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1478 # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1479 # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1480 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1481 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1482 # LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1483 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1484 1485 ############################################################################### 1486 1487 1488 # Fiji 1489 1490 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1491 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1492 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1493 1494 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1495 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1496 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1497 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1498 1499 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1500 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1501 1502 # From the BBC World Service in 1503 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1504 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1505 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1506 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1507 # of the new millennium. 1508 1509 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1510 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1511 1512 1513 # Kiribati 1514 1515 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1516 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1517 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1518 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1519 1520 1521 # Kwajalein 1522 1523 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1524 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1525 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1526 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1527 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1528 1529 1530 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1531 1532 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1533 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1534 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1535 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1536 # see Asia/Manila. 1537 1538 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1539 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1540 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1541 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1542 1543 1544 # Micronesia 1545 1546 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1547 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1548 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1549 # 1550 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1551 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1552 1553 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1554 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1555 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1556 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1557 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1558 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1559 1560 1561 # Midway 1562 1563 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1564 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1565 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1566 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1567 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1568 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1569 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1570 # air at 6am your time. 1571 # 1572 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1573 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1574 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1575 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1576 1577 # Norfolk 1578 1579 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1580 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1581 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1582 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1583 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1584 1585 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): 1586 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1587 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1588 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1589 # other than in 1974/5. See: 1590 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1591 1592 # Pitcairn 1593 1594 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1595 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1596 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1597 # 1598 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1599 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1600 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1601 # 1602 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1603 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1604 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1605 1606 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1607 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1608 # ... at midnight. 1609 1610 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1611 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1612 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1613 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1614 1615 1616 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1617 1618 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1619 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1620 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1621 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1622 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1623 1624 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 1625 # in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 1626 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1627 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1628 # Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 1629 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1630 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1631 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1632 1633 # Tonga 1634 1635 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1636 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1637 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1638 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1639 1640 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1641 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1642 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1643 # 1644 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1645 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1646 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1647 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1648 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1649 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1650 # 1651 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1652 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1653 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1654 # 1655 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1656 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1657 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1658 # minutes we have lost?" 1659 # 1660 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1661 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1662 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1663 1664 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1665 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1666 1667 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1668 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1669 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1670 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1671 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1672 # Government. 1673 1674 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1675 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1676 # 1677 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1678 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1679 # 1680 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1681 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1682 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1683 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1684 1685 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1686 # According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1687 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1688 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1689 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1690 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1691 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1692 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1693 1694 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1695 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1696 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1697 1698 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1699 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1700 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1701 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1702 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1703 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1704 # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1705 1706 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1707 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1708 1709 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1710 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1711 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1712 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1713 # hour to 1:00am. 1714 1715 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1716 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1717 1718 1719 # Wake 1720 1721 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1722 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1723 # 1724 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1725 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1726 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1727 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1728 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1729 # impossible. 1730 # 1731 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1732 1733 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1734 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1735 1736 ############################################################################### 1737 1738 # The International Date Line 1739 1740 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1741 # 1742 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1743 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1744 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1745 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1746 # 1747 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1748 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1749 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1750 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1751 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1752 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1753 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1754 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1755 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1756 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1757 # correct date is ambiguous. 1758 1759 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1760 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1761 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1762 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1763 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1764 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1765 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1766 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1767 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1768 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1769 # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1770 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1771 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1772 1773 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1774 # (2005-03-20): 1775 # 1776 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1777 # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1778 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1779 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.