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--- old/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/asia
+++ new/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/asia
1 1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3 3
4 4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8 8
9 -# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
9 +# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-13):
10 10 #
11 11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 15 #
16 -# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17 -# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16 +# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
17 +# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
18 18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 22 #
23 23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 26 #
27 27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 29 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30 30 #
31 31 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
32 32 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
33 33 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
34 34 #
35 35 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
36 36 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
37 37 #
38 -# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
39 -# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
40 -# Corrections are welcome!
38 +# The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables:
41 39 # std dst
42 40 # LMT Local Mean Time
43 41 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
44 42 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
45 -# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
46 -# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran*
47 -# 4:00 GST Gulf*
48 43 # 5:30 IST India
49 -# 7:00 ICT Indochina, most times and locations*
50 44 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
51 45 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
52 46 # 8:00 CST China
53 -# 8:00 IDT Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)*
54 -# 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
55 -# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830*
56 -# 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
47 +# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
57 48 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
58 49 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
59 50 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
60 51 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
52 +# Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
53 +# and +0330 for integer hour and minute UTC offsets. Although earlier
54 +# editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
55 +# offset, this did not reflect common practice.
61 56 #
62 57 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
63 58
64 59 # From Guy Harris:
65 60 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
66 61 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
67 62 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
68 -# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
63 +# Worldwide Edition).
69 64
70 65 ###############################################################################
71 66
72 67 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
73 68 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
74 69 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
75 70 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
76 71 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
77 72 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
78 73 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
79 74 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
80 75 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
81 76 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
82 77 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
83 78 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2011 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
84 79 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2011 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
85 80
86 81 # Afghanistan
87 82 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
88 83 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
89 - 4:00 - AFT 1945
90 - 4:30 - AFT
84 + 4:00 - +04 1945
85 + 4:30 - +0430
91 86
92 87 # Armenia
93 88 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
94 89 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
95 90 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
96 91 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
97 92 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
98 93 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
99 94 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
100 95 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
101 96 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
102 97
103 98 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
104 99 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
105 100 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
106 101
107 102 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
108 103 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
109 104 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
110 105 #
111 106 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
112 107 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
113 108 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
114 109 # or
115 110 # (brief)
116 111 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
117 112 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
118 113 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
119 114 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
120 115 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
121 116 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
122 117 4:00 - +04 1997
123 118 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05
124 119
125 120 # Azerbaijan
126 121
127 122 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
128 123 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
129 124 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
130 125 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
131 126
132 127 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
133 128 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
134 129 # daylight saving time....
135 130 # http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
136 131 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
137 132 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
138 133
139 134 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
140 135 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
141 136 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
142 137 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
143 138 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
144 139 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
145 140 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
146 141 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
147 142 4:00 - +04 1996
148 143 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997
149 144 4:00 Azer +04/+05
150 145
151 146 # Bahrain
152 147 # See Asia/Qatar.
153 148
154 149 # Bangladesh
155 150 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
156 151 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
157 152 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
158 153 #
159 154 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
160 155 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
161 156 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
162 157 #
163 158 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
164 159 # June
165 160 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
166 161 # crippling power crisis. "
167 162 #
168 163 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
169 164 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
170 165
171 166 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
172 167 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
173 168 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
174 169 #
175 170 # Some sources:
176 171 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
177 172 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
178 173 #
179 174 # Our wrap-up:
180 175 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
181 176
182 177 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
183 178 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
184 179 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
185 180 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
186 181 #
187 182 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
188 183
189 184 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
190 185 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
191 186 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
192 187 #
193 188 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
194 189 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
195 190 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
196 191 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
197 192
198 193 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
199 194 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
200 195 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
201 196 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
202 197 # "continue for an indefinite period."
203 198 #
204 199 # One of many places where it is published:
205 200 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
206 201
207 202 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
208 203 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
209 204 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
210 205 #
211 206 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
212 207 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
213 208 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
214 209 #
215 210 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
216 211 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
217 212 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
218 213 # Minister's Office last night..."
219 214
220 215 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
221 216 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
222 217 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
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223 218 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
224 219 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
225 220
226 221 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
227 222 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
228 223 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
229 224
230 225 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
231 226 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
232 227 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
233 - 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
234 - 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
235 - 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
236 - 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
237 - 6:00 - BDT 2009
238 - 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT
228 + 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
229 + 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
230 + 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30
231 + 6:00 - +06 2009
232 + 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07
239 233
240 234 # Bhutan
241 235 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
242 236 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
243 - 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
244 - 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
237 + 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct
238 + 6:00 - +06
245 239
246 240 # British Indian Ocean Territory
247 241 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
248 242 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
249 243 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
250 244 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
251 245 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
252 246 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
253 247 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
254 - 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
255 - 6:00 - IOT
248 + 5:00 - +05 1996
249 + 6:00 - +06
256 250
257 251 # Brunei
258 252 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
259 253 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
260 - 7:30 - BNT 1933
261 - 8:00 - BNT
254 + 7:30 - +0730 1933
255 + 8:00 - +08
262 256
263 257 # Burma / Myanmar
264 258
265 259 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
266 260
267 261 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
268 262 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
269 263 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
270 - 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
271 - 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
272 - 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
264 + 6:30 - +0630 1942 May
265 + 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3
266 + 6:30 - +0630
273 267
274 268 # Cambodia
275 269 # See Asia/Bangkok.
276 270
277 271
278 272 # China
279 273
280 274 # From Guy Harris:
281 275 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
282 276
283 277 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
284 278 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
285 279 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
286 280 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
287 281 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
288 282 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
289 283 #
290 284 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
291 285 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
292 286 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
293 287 #
294 288 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
295 289 # 1987 mid-April - ??
296 290
297 291 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
298 292 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
299 293 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
300 294
301 295 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
302 296 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
303 297 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
304 298 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
305 299
306 300 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
307 301 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
308 302 # this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer
309 303 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
310 304 # go with them for DST rules as follows:
311 305 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
312 306 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
313 307 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
314 308 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
315 309 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
316 310 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
317 311 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
318 312
319 313 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
320 314 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
321 315 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
322 316 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
323 317 #
324 318 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
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325 319 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
326 320 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
327 321 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
328 322 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
329 323 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
330 324 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
331 325 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
332 326 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
333 327 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
334 328
335 -# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
329 +# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):
336 330 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
337 331 #
338 332 # (1)
339 333 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
340 334 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
341 335 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
342 336 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
343 337 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
344 338 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
345 339 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
346 340 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
347 341 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
348 342 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
349 343 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
350 344 # could well have ignored any such mandate.
351 345 #
352 346 # (2)
353 347 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
354 348 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
355 349 # [undated and unknown publication location]
356 350 # It says several things:
357 351 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
358 352 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
359 353 # the official calendar book of 1914.
360 354 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
361 355 # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
362 356 # Observatory and set to local mean time.
363 357 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
364 358 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
365 359 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
366 360 # became used by railways as well.
367 361 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
368 362 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
369 363 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
370 364 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
371 365 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
372 366 # Japanese-occupied territory.
373 367 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
374 368 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
375 369 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
376 370 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
377 371 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
378 372 #
379 373 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
380 374 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
381 375 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
382 376 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
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383 377 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
384 378 #
385 379 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
386 380 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
387 381 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
388 382 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
389 383 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
390 384 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
391 385 #
392 386 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
393 -# Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
387 +# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
394 388 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
395 389 #
396 390 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
397 -# Asia/Shanghai
391 +# Now part of Asia/Shanghai.
398 392 # most of China
399 -# This currently represents most other zones as well,
400 -# as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
401 393 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
402 394 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
403 395 #
404 -# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of the area) UT +07
405 -# Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
396 +# Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07
397 +# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
406 398 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
407 -# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
399 +# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong
408 400 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
409 401 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
410 402 #
411 403 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
412 -# Asia/Urumqi
413 -# This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
414 -# as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
404 +# This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with
405 +# current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that
406 +# disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here.
415 407 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
416 408 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
417 409 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
418 410 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
419 411 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
420 412 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
421 413 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
422 414 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
423 415 #
424 416 # Kunlun Time UT +05:30
425 -# Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
417 +# This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above).
426 418 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
427 419 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
428 420 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
429 421 # and Yarkand.
430 422
431 423 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
432 424 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
433 425 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
434 426 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
435 427 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
436 428 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
437 429 #
438 430 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
439 431 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
440 432 # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
441 433 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
442 434 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
443 435 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
444 436 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
445 437 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
446 438 #
447 439 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
448 440 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
449 441 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
450 442 #
451 443 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
452 444 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
453 445 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
454 446 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
455 447 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
456 448
457 449 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
458 450 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
459 451 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
460 452 #
461 453 # 1. Wulumuqi...
462 454 # 2. Kashi...
463 455 # 3. Urumqi...
464 456 # 4. Kashgar...
465 457 # ...
466 458 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
467 459 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
468 460 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
469 461 #
470 462 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
471 463 # start date for Xinjiang time.
472 464 #
473 465 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
474 466 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
475 467 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
476 468 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
477 469
478 470 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
479 471 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
480 472 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
481 473
482 474 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
483 475 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
484 476 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
485 477 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
486 478 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
487 479 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
488 480 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
489 481 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
490 482 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
491 483 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
492 484 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
493 485 # having the same time as Beijing.
494 486
495 487 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
496 488 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
497 489 # but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
498 490 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
499 491 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
500 492 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
501 493 #
502 494 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
503 495 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
504 496 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
505 497 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
506 498 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
507 499 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
508 500 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
509 501 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
510 502 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
511 503 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
512 504 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
513 505 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
514 506 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
515 507 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
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516 508 # +08 mandate back then.
517 509
518 510 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
519 511 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
520 512 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
521 513 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
522 514 8:00 PRC C%sT
523 515 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
524 516 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
525 517 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
526 - 6:00 - XJT
518 + 6:00 - +06
527 519
528 520
529 521 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
530 522
531 523 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
532 524
533 525 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
534 526 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
535 527 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
536 528 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
537 529 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
538 530 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
539 531 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
540 532 # obtained from
541 533 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
542 534
543 535 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
544 536 # Here are the dates given at
545 537 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
546 538 # as of 2009-10-28:
547 539 # Year Period
548 540 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
549 541 # 1942 Whole year
550 542 # 1943 Whole year
551 543 # 1944 Whole year
552 544 # 1945 Whole year
553 545 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
554 546 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
555 547 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
556 548 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
557 549 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
558 550 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
559 551 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
560 552 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
561 553 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
562 554 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
563 555 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
564 556 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
565 557 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
566 558 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
567 559 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
568 560 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
569 561 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
570 562 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
571 563 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
572 564 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
573 565 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
574 566 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
575 567 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
576 568 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
577 569 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
578 570 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
579 571 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
580 572 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
581 573 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
582 574 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
583 575 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
584 576 # 1977 Nil
585 577 # 1978 Nil
586 578 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
587 579 # 1980 to Now Nil
588 580 # The page does not give start or end times of day.
589 581 # The page does not give a start date for 1942.
590 582 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
591 583 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
592 584 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
593 585 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
594 586
595 587 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
596 588 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
597 589 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
598 590 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
599 591 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
600 592 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
601 593 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
602 594 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
603 595 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
604 596 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
605 597 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
606 598 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
607 599 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
608 600 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
609 601 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
610 602 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
611 603 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
612 604 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
613 605 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
614 606 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
615 607 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
616 608 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
617 609 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
618 610 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
619 611 8:00 HK HK%sT
620 612
621 613 ###############################################################################
622 614
623 615 # Taiwan
624 616
625 617 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
626 618 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
627 619 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
628 620 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
629 621
630 622 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
631 623 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
632 624 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
633 625 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
634 626 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
635 627 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
636 628 # found on Wikisource:
637 629 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
638 630 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
639 631 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
640 632 # declared officially.
641 633 #
642 634 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
643 635 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
644 636 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
645 637 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
646 638 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
647 639 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
648 640 # (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
649 641 # be found on Wikisource:
650 642 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
651 643 #
652 644 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
653 645
654 646 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
655 647 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
656 648 # back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
657 649 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
658 650 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another
659 651 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
660 652 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
661 653 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
662 654 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
663 655 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
664 656 # that:
665 657 #
666 658 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
667 659 # the time at 135E (GMT+9)
668 660 #
669 661 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
670 662 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
671 663 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
672 664 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
673 665 #
674 666 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
675 667 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
676 668 # Time.
677 669 #
678 670 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
679 671 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
680 672 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
681 673 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
682 674 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
683 675 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
684 676
685 677 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
686 678 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
687 679 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General
688 680 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
689 681 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
690 682 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
691 683 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more
692 684 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
693 685 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
694 686 # would be a good one.
695 687 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
696 688 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
697 689
698 690 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
699 691 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
700 692 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
701 693 #
702 694 # Original Bulletin:
703 695 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
704 696 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
705 697 #
706 698 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
707 699 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
708 700 #
709 701 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
710 702 #
711 703 # Here is a brief translation:
712 704 #
713 705 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
714 706 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
715 707 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
716 708 #
717 709 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
718 710 # be found from historical government announcement database.
719 711
720 712 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
721 713 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
722 714 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
723 715 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
724 716
725 717 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
726 718 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
727 719 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
728 720 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
729 721 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
730 722 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
731 723 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
732 724 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
733 725 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
734 726 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
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735 727 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
736 728 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
737 729 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
738 730 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
739 731 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
740 732 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
741 733
742 734 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
743 735 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
744 736 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
745 - 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1
737 + 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1
746 738 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
747 739 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
748 740
749 741 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
750 742 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
751 -Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
752 -Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
753 -Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
754 -Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
755 -Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
756 -Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
757 -Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
758 -Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
759 -Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
760 -Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
761 -Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
762 -Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
763 -Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
764 -Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
743 +Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
744 +Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 S
745 +Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
746 +Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
747 +Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
748 +Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 S
749 +Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
750 +Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 S
751 +Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
752 +Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
753 +Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 S
754 +Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 D
755 +Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
756 +Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
765 757 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
766 758 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
767 - 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
768 - 8:00 PRC C%sT
759 + 8:00 Macau C%sT
769 760
770 761
771 762 ###############################################################################
772 763
773 764 # Cyprus
774 -#
765 +
775 766 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
767 +# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
768 +
769 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
770 +# Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
771 +# lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
772 +# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
776 773 #
774 +# From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
775 +# Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
776 +# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
777 +
777 778 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
778 779 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
779 780 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
780 781 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
781 782 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
782 783 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
783 784 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
784 785 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
785 786 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
786 787 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
787 788 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
788 789 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
789 790 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
790 791 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
791 -# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
792 +Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
793 + 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
794 + 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8
795 + 3:00 - +03
792 796
793 797 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
794 798 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
795 799 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
796 800
797 801 # Georgia
798 802 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
799 803 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
800 804 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
801 805 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
802 806 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
803 807 #
804 808 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
805 809 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
806 810 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
807 811 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
808 812 #
809 813 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
810 814 #
811 815 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
812 816 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
813 817 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
814 818 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
815 819 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
816 820 # of integration into Europe.
817 821
818 822 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
819 823 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
820 824 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
821 825 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
822 826 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
823 827 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
824 828 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
825 829 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
826 830 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
827 831
828 832 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
829 833 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
830 834 # Go with Byalokoz.
831 835
832 836 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
833 837 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
834 838 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
835 839 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
836 840 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
837 841 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992
838 842 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun
839 843 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun
840 844 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun
841 845 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27
842 846 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
843 847 4:00 - +04
844 848
845 849 # East Timor
846 850
847 851 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
848 852
849 853 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
850 854 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
851 855 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
852 856 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
853 857 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
854 858 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
855 859 # conflicts with their way of life.
856 860
857 861 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
858 862 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
859 863 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
860 864
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861 865 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
862 866 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
863 867 # (2000-08-16):
864 868 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
865 869 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
866 870 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
867 871 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
868 872
869 873 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
870 874 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
871 - 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
872 - 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
873 - 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
874 - 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 0:00
875 - 9:00 - TLT
875 + 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00
876 + 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3
877 + 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00
878 + 9:00 - +09
876 879
877 880 # India
878 881
879 882 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
880 883 # http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
881 884 # (2015-12-22):
882 885 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
883 886 # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of
884 887 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this
885 888 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century.
886 889
887 890 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
888 891 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
889 892 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
890 - 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
893 + 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
891 894 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
892 - 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
895 + 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
893 896 5:30 - IST
894 897 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
895 898 # Andaman Is
896 899 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
897 900 # Nicobar Is
898 901
899 902 # Indonesia
900 903 #
901 904 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
902 905 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
903 906 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
904 907 #
905 908 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
906 909 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
907 910 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
908 911 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
909 912 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
910 913 #
911 914 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
912 915 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
913 916 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
914 917 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
915 918 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
916 919 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
917 920 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
918 921 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
919 922 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
920 923 # from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
921 924 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
922 925 # switched on 1945-09-23.
923 926 #
924 927 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
925 928 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
926 929 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
927 930 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
928 931 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
929 932 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
930 933 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
931 934 # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
932 935 #
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933 936 # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
934 937 # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
935 938 # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
936 939 #
937 940 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
938 941 # Java, Sumatra
939 942 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
940 943 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
941 944 # but this must be a typo.
942 945 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
943 - 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
944 - 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23
945 - 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
946 - 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
947 - 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
948 - 7:30 - WIB 1964
946 + 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov
947 + 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23
948 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
949 + 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
950 + 8:00 - +08 1950 May
951 + 7:30 - +0730 1964
949 952 7:00 - WIB
950 953 # west and central Borneo
951 954 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
952 955 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
953 - 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29
954 - 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
955 - 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
956 - 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
957 - 7:30 - WIB 1964
956 + 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29
957 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
958 + 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
959 + 8:00 - +08 1950 May
960 + 7:30 - +0730 1964
958 961 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
959 962 7:00 - WIB
960 963 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
961 964 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
962 965 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
963 - 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9
964 - 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
966 + 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9
967 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
965 968 8:00 - WITA
966 969 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
967 970 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
968 - 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1
969 - 9:30 - ACST 1964
971 + 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1
972 + 9:30 - +0930 1964
970 973 9:00 - WIT
971 974
972 975 # Iran
973 976
974 977 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
975 978 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
976 979 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
977 980 #
978 981 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
979 982 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
980 983 #
981 984 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
982 985 #
983 986 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
984 987 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
985 988 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
986 989 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
987 990 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
988 991 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
989 992 #
990 993 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
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991 994 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
992 995 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
993 996 # Shahrivar.
994 997 #
995 998 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
996 999 #
997 1000 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
998 1001 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
999 1002 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
1000 1003 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
1001 -# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
1002 -# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
1003 1004 #
1004 1005 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
1005 1006 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
1006 1007 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
1007 1008 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
1008 1009 # plan to change that law....
1009 1010 #
1010 1011 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1011 1012 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
1012 1013 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
1013 1014 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
1014 1015 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
1015 1016 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
1016 1017 #
1017 1018 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
1018 1019 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1019 1020 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1020 1021 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1021 1022 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1022 1023 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1023 1024 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
1024 1025 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
1025 1026 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
1026 1027 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
1027 1028 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
1028 1029 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
1029 1030 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
1030 1031 #
1031 1032 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
1032 1033 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
1033 1034 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
1034 1035 #
1035 1036 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
1036 1037 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
1037 1038 # daylight saving time ...
1038 1039 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
1039 1040 #
1040 1041 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
1041 1042 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
1042 1043 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1043 1044 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
1044 1045 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
1045 1046 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
1046 1047 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
1047 1048 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
1048 1049 #
1049 1050 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1050 1051 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1051 1052 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
1052 1053 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
1053 1054 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
1054 1055 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
1055 1056 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1056 1057 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1057 1058 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1058 1059 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1059 1060 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1060 1061 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1061 1062 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1062 1063 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1063 1064 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1064 1065 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1065 1066 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1066 1067 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1067 1068 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1068 1069 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1069 1070 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1070 1071 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1071 1072 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1072 1073 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1073 1074 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1074 1075 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1075 1076 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1076 1077 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1077 1078 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1078 1079 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1079 1080 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1080 1081 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1081 1082 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1082 1083 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1083 1084 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1084 1085 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1085 1086 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1086 1087 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1087 1088 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1088 1089 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1089 1090 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1090 1091 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1091 1092 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1092 1093 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1093 1094 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1094 1095 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1095 1096 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1096 1097 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1097 1098 #
1098 1099 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
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1099 1100 # These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
1100 1101 # restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
1101 1102 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
1102 1103 # possibly Iran will change the rules first.
1103 1104 Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1104 1105 Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1105 1106
1106 1107 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1107 1108 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
1108 1109 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
1109 - 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
1110 - 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
1111 - 3:30 Iran IR%sT
1110 + 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov
1111 + 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979
1112 + 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430
1112 1113
1113 1114
1114 1115 # Iraq
1115 1116 #
1116 1117 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1117 1118 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1118 1119 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1119 1120 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1120 1121 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1121 1122 #
1122 1123 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1123 1124 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1124 1125 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
1125 1126 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
1126 1127 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1127 1128 #
1128 1129 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1129 1130
1130 1131 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1131 1132 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1132 1133 # news sources (in Arabic):
1133 1134 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
1134 1135 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1135 1136 #
1136 1137 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1137 1138 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1138 1139
1139 1140 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1140 1141 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1141 1142 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1142 1143 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1143 1144 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
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1144 1145 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
1145 1146 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
1146 1147 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
1147 1148 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1148 1149 #
1149 1150 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
1150 1151 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
1151 1152 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1152 1153 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1153 1154 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1154 - 3:00 - AST 1982 May
1155 - 3:00 Iraq A%sT
1155 + 3:00 - +03 1982 May
1156 + 3:00 Iraq +03/+04
1156 1157
1157 1158
1158 1159 ###############################################################################
1159 1160
1160 1161 # Israel
1161 1162
1162 1163 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1163 1164 #
1164 1165 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1165 1166 # different abbreviations in use:
1166 1167 #
1167 1168 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1168 1169 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1169 1170 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1170 1171 #
1171 1172 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1172 1173 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1173 1174 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1174 1175 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1175 1176 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1176 1177 # settings in Israeli computers.
1177 1178 #
1178 1179 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1179 1180 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1180 1181 # family is from India).
1181 1182
1182 1183 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1183 1184 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1184 1185 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1185 1186 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1186 1187 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1187 1188 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1188 1189 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1189 1190 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1190 1191 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
1191 1192 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1192 1193 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
1193 1194 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
1194 1195 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1195 1196 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1196 1197 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1197 1198 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
1198 1199 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1199 1200 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
1200 1201 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
1201 1202 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
1202 1203 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
1203 1204 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
1204 1205 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
1205 1206 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
1206 1207 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
1207 1208 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
1208 1209 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
1209 1210 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
1210 1211 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
1211 1212 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1212 1213 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
1213 1214 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
1214 1215 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
1215 1216 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
1216 1217 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1217 1218 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1218 1219 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
1219 1220 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1220 1221 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
1221 1222 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1222 1223
1223 1224 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
1224 1225 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
1225 1226 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
1226 1227 # ends and changes to Sunday.
1227 1228 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
1228 1229 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
1229 1230
1230 1231 # From Ephraim Silverberg
1231 1232 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1232 1233 # and 2005-02-17):
1233 1234
1234 1235 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1235 1236 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1236 1237 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1237 1238 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1238 1239 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1239 1240 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1240 1241 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1241 1242 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1242 1243 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1243 1244 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1244 1245 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1245 1246 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1246 1247 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1247 1248 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1248 1249 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1249 1250 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1250 1251 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1251 1252 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1252 1253 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1253 1254 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1254 1255 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1255 1256 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1256 1257
1257 1258 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1258 1259 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1259 1260 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1260 1261 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1261 1262 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1262 1263 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1263 1264 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1264 1265 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1265 1266 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1266 1267 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1267 1268 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1268 1269
1269 1270 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1270 1271 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1271 1272 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1272 1273
1273 1274 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1274 1275 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1275 1276 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1276 1277 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1277 1278 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1278 1279
1279 1280 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1280 1281 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1281 1282 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1282 1283 #
1283 1284 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1284 1285 #
1285 1286 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1286 1287 #
1287 1288 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1288 1289 #
1289 1290 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1290 1291 #
1291 1292 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
1292 1293
1293 1294 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1294 1295 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1295 1296 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1296 1297 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1297 1298 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1298 1299 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1299 1300 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1300 1301 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1301 1302 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1302 1303
1303 1304 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1304 1305 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1305 1306 # years 2001-2004 as well.
1306 1307 #
1307 1308 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1308 1309 #
1309 1310 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1310 1311 #
1311 1312 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1312 1313 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1313 1314 #
1314 1315 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1315 1316
1316 1317 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1317 1318 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1318 1319 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1319 1320 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1320 1321 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1321 1322 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1322 1323 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1323 1324 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1324 1325 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1325 1326 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1326 1327 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1327 1328
1328 1329 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1329 1330 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1330 1331 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1331 1332 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1332 1333 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1333 1334 #
1334 1335 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1335 1336 #
1336 1337 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1337 1338
1338 1339 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
1339 1340 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1340 1341 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1341 1342 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1342 1343 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
1343 1344 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1344 1345 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
1345 1346 #
1346 1347 # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1347 1348 #
1348 1349 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1349 1350 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1350 1351 # springtime transitions explicitly.
1351 1352
1352 1353 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1353 1354 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1354 1355 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1355 1356 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1356 1357 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1357 1358 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1358 1359 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1359 1360 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1360 1361 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1361 1362 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1362 1363 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1363 1364 Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1364 1365 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1365 1366
1366 1367 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
1367 1368 # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
1368 1369 # Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
1369 1370 # in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
1370 1371 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
1371 1372 #
1372 1373 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
1373 1374 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
1374 1375
1375 1376 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1376 1377 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
1377 1378 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1378 1379
1379 1380 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1380 1381 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
1381 1382 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1382 1383 2:00 Zion I%sT
1383 1384
1384 1385
1385 1386
1386 1387 ###############################################################################
1387 1388
1388 1389 # Japan
1389 1390
1390 1391 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
1391 1392
1392 1393 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1393 1394 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1394 1395 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
1395 1396 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
1396 1397
1397 1398 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
1398 1399 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
1399 1400 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1400 1401 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1401 1402 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1402 1403 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1403 1404 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1404 1405 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1405 1406 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1406 1407 # wanted to keep it.)
1407 1408
1408 1409 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1409 1410 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1410 1411 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1411 1412 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1412 1413 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1413 1414 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1414 1415 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1415 1416 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1416 1417 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1417 1418 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1418 1419 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1419 1420
1420 1421 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1421 1422 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1422 1423 # Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s),
1423 1424 # 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
1424 1425 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1425 1426 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1426 1427 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1427 1428 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1428 1429
1429 1430 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1430 1431 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1431 1432 # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
1432 1433 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1433 1434 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1434 1435 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
1435 1436 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1436 1437 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1437 1438 # standard....
1438 1439 #
1439 1440 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1440 1441 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1441 1442
1442 1443 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1443 1444 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
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1444 1445 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1445 1446 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1446 1447 #
1447 1448 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1448 1449 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1449 1450 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1450 1451 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1451 1452
1452 1453 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1453 1454 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1454 - 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1
1455 - 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1456 1455 9:00 Japan J%sT
1457 1456 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1458 1457
1459 1458 # Jordan
1460 1459 #
1461 1460 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1462 1461 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1463 1462 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1464 1463 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1465 1464 # all year round.
1466 1465 #
1467 1466 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1468 1467 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1469 1468 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1470 1469 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1471 1470 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1472 1471 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1473 1472 #
1474 1473 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1475 1474 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1476 1475 #
1477 1476 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1478 1477 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1479 1478 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1480 1479 #
1481 1480 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1482 1481 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1483 1482 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1484 1483 #
1485 1484
1486 1485 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1487 1486 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1488 1487 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1489 1488 #
1490 1489 # Google's translation:
1491 1490 #
1492 1491 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1493 1492 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1494 1493 # > of the month of March of each year.
1495 1494 #
1496 1495 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1497 1496
1498 1497 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1499 1498 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1500 1499
1501 1500 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
1502 1501 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
1503 1502 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
1504 1503 # until about the same time next year (at least).
1505 1504 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
1506 1505
1507 1506 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
1508 1507 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
1509 1508 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
1510 1509 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
1511 1510 # Official, in Arabic:
1512 1511 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
1513 1512 # ... Our background/permalink about it
1514 1513 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
1515 1514 # ...
1516 1515 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
1517 1516 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
1518 1517 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
1519 1518
1520 1519 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
1521 1520 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
1522 1521
1523 1522 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1524 1523 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1525 1524 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1526 1525 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1527 1526 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1528 1527 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1529 1528 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1530 1529 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1531 1530 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1532 1531 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1533 1532 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1534 1533 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1535 1534 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1536 1535 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1537 1536 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1538 1537 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1539 1538 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1540 1539 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1541 1540 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1542 1541 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1543 1542 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1544 1543 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1545 1544 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1546 1545 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1547 1546 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1548 1547 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1549 1548 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1550 1549 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1551 1550 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1552 1551 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
1553 1552 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1554 1553 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1555 1554 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1556 1555 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1557 1556 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1558 1557
1559 1558
1560 1559 # Kazakhstan
1561 1560
1562 1561 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
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1563 1562 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
1564 1563 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1565 1564 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1566 1565 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1567 1566 #
1568 1567 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1569 1568 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1570 1569 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1571 1570 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1572 1571 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1573 -# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1574 -# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1572 +# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū,
1573 +# Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1575 1574 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1576 1575 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1577 1576
1578 -# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27) ([*] means see later comments below):
1577 +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
1579 1578 # Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
1580 1579 # produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
1581 1580 #
1582 1581 # 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
1583 1582 # from 1991-02-04 No. 20
1584 1583 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
1585 1584 # removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
1586 1585 # starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
1587 1586 # It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
1588 1587 # Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
1589 1588 #
1590 1589 # The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
1591 1590 # of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
1592 1591 # of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
1593 1592 # text.
1594 1593 #
1595 1594 # According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
1596 1595 # (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
1597 1596 # http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
1598 1597 # transition to "summer" time:
1599 1598 # Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
1600 1599 # Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
1601 1600 # were to move clocks 1 hour forward.
1602 1601 # Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik
1603 1602 # SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts
1604 1603 # of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
1605 1604 # Other territories were to not move clocks.
1606 1605 # When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
1607 1606 # moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
1608 1607 # Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
1609 1608 #
1610 1609 # Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
1611 1610 # was one of such changes.
1612 1611 #
1613 1612 # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время
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1614 1613 # claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
1615 1614 # Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
1616 1615 # were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
1617 1616 # forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
1618 1617 # (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
1619 1618 # article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
1620 1619 # move clocks.)
1621 1620 #
1622 1621 # This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
1623 1622 # the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
1624 -# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Kzyl-Orda oblast moved into the fifth
1623 +# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth
1625 1624 # time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
1626 1625 #
1627 1626 # 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1628 1627 # from 1992-01-13 No. 28
1629 1628 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
1630 1629 # (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
1631 1630 # introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
1632 1631 # 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated
1633 1632 # according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
1634 1633 # on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
1635 1634 # 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
1636 1635 # located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
1637 -# border between them to be located east of Kustanay and Aktyubinsk
1638 -# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Kzyl-Orda oblasts into the fifth
1636 +# border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk
1637 +# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth
1639 1638 # time belt).
1640 1639 #
1641 1640 # This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
1642 -# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyrau and Kustanay oblasts; from
1643 -# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk) [*]....
1641 +# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from
1642 +# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk)....
1644 1643 #
1645 1644 # 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1646 1645 # from 1992-03-27 No. 284
1647 1646 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
1648 -# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Kzyl-Orda oblasts
1647 +# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts
1649 1648 # since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
1650 1649 # and the fifth time belts respectively.
1651 1650 #
1652 1651 # 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1653 1652 # from 1994-09-23 No. 384
1654 1653 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
1655 -# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangystau
1654 +# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū
1656 1655 # oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
1657 1656 # the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
1658 1657 # result)....
1659 1658 #
1660 1659 # 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1661 1660 # from 1996-05-08 No. 575
1662 1661 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
1663 1662 # amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
1664 1663 # of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
1665 1664 #
1666 1665 # 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1667 1666 # from 1999-03-26 No. 305
1668 1667 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
1669 -# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyrau oblast since the
1668 +# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the
1670 1669 # last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
1671 1670 # time belt.
1672 1671 #
1673 -# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.
1672 +# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05....
1674 1673 #
1675 -# There is no zone for Atyrau currently (listed under Asia/Aqtau in
1676 -# zone1970.tab).[*]
1677 -#
1678 1674 # 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1679 1675 # from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
1680 1676 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
1681 1677 # replaces the previous five documents.
1682 1678 #
1683 1679 # The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
1684 1680 # fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling
1685 1681 # and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
1686 -# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Kostanay oblast
1687 -# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Kyzylorda oblast
1682 +# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast
1683 +# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast
1688 1684 # from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
1689 -# fourth time belt (no change in practice).[*]
1685 +# fourth time belt (no change in practice).
1690 1686 #
1691 1687 # 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1692 1688 # from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
1693 1689 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
1694 1690 # modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently.
1695 1691 #
1696 1692 # 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1697 1693 # from 2004-07-20 No. 775
1698 1694 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
1699 -# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Kostanay and Kyzylorda oblasts into
1695 +# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into
1700 1696 # the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
1701 1697 # using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
1702 1698 # zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented
1703 1699 # during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
1704 1700 # amended before implementation happened.
1705 1701 #
1706 1702 # 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1707 1703 # from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
1708 1704 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
1709 1705 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
1710 1706 # (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
1711 -# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyrau, West Kazakhstan,
1712 -# Kostanay, Kyzylorda and Mangystau oblasts by not moving clocks
1713 -# during the 2014 transition to "winter" time.
1707 +# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan,
1708 +# Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks
1709 +# during the 2004 transition to "winter" time.
1714 1710 #
1715 -# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyrau oblast (no
1711 +# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no
1716 1712 # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
1717 -# +06/+07 for Kostanay oblast (Kostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
1718 -# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....[*]
1713 +# +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
1714 +# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....
1719 1715 #
1720 1716 # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1721 1717 # from 2005-03-15 No. 231
1722 1718 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
1723 1719 # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
1724 1720 # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
1725 1721 # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
1726 1722 # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
1727 1723 # time.
1728 1724 #
1729 1725 # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
1730 1726 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
1731 1727 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
1732 1728 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
1733 1729
1734 -# From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
1735 -# The tables below should reflect Stepan Golosunov's remarks above,
1736 -# except for the items marked "[*]" which I haven't gotten to yet.
1737 -# It looks like we will need new zones Asia/Atyrau and Asia/Qostanay
1738 -# to handle changes from 1992 through 2004 that we did not previously
1739 -# know about.
1740 -
1730 +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08):
1731 +# Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay
1732 +# oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone.
1733 +# (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations
1734 +# according to wikipedia.)
1741 1735 #
1736 +# [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/
1737 +# suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on
1738 +# 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand
1739 +# how that could happen....
1740 +#
1741 +# [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree
1742 +# (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html
1743 +# and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in
1744 +# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
1745 +
1746 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
1747 +# The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted.
1748 +
1742 1749 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1743 1750 #
1744 1751 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1745 1752 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
1746 1753 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
1747 1754 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1748 1755 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
1749 1756 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1750 1757 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1751 1758 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1752 1759 6:00 - +06
1753 1760 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
1761 +# This currently includes Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS);
1762 +# see comments below.
1754 1763 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1755 1764 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1756 1765 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1757 1766 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1758 1767 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1759 1768 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1760 1769 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1761 1770 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1762 1771 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1763 1772 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1764 1773 6:00 - +06
1765 -# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
1774 +# The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one
1775 +# hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29. The 1991/2 rules for
1776 +# Qostanay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
1777 +# reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now.
1778 +#Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
1779 +# 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1780 +# 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1781 +# 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1782 +# 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1783 +# 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1784 +# 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1785 +# 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1786 +# 6:00 - +06
1787 +#
1788 +# Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
1766 1789 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1767 1790 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1768 1791 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1769 1792 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1770 1793 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1771 1794 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1772 1795 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1773 1796 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1774 1797 5:00 - +05
1775 -# Qostanay (KZ-KUS)
1776 -
1777 -# Mangghystau (KZ-MAN)
1798 +# Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
1778 1799 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1779 1800 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1780 1801 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1781 1802 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1782 - 5:00 - +05 1963
1783 1803 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
1784 1804 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1785 1805 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1786 1806 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1787 1807 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
1788 1808 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1789 1809 5:00 - +05
1790 -
1810 +# Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
1811 +# +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
1812 +Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2
1813 + 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
1814 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
1815 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1816 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1817 + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1818 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s
1819 + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1820 + 5:00 - +05
1791 1821 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
1792 1822 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1793 1823 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1794 1824 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1795 - 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1825 + 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
1796 1826 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1797 1827 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1798 1828 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1799 1829 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1800 1830 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1801 1831 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1802 1832 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1803 1833 5:00 - +05
1804 1834
1805 1835 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1806 1836 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1807 1837
1808 1838 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1809 1839 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1810 1840 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
1811 1841 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1812 1842 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1813 1843 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1814 1844 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1815 1845 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1816 1846
1817 1847 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1818 1848 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1819 1849 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1820 1850 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1821 1851 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1822 1852 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1823 1853 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1824 1854 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
1825 1855 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1826 1856 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00
1827 1857 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12
1828 1858 6:00 - +06
1829 1859
1830 1860 ###############################################################################
1831 1861
1832 1862 # Korea (North and South)
1833 1863
1834 1864 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
1835 1865 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
1836 1866 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
1837 1867 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
1838 1868 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
1839 1869
1840 1870 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
1841 1871 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
1842 1872 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
1843 1873 # http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
1844 1874 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
1845 1875 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
1846 1876 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
1847 1877 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
1848 1878 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
1849 1879 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
1850 1880
1851 1881 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1852 1882 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1853 1883 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1854 1884 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
1855 1885 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1856 1886 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1857 1887 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1858 1888 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
1859 1889 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1860 1890 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1861 1891 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1862 1892 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1863 1893 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S
1864 1894 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1865 1895 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
1866 1896
1867 1897 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
1868 1898 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
1869 1899 #
1870 1900 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
1871 1901 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
1872 1902 # (Announcement No. 338)
1873 1903 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
1874 1904 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
1875 1905 #
1876 1906 # (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
1877 1907 # edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
1878 1908 #
1879 1909 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1880 1910 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
1881 1911 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1882 1912 #
1883 1913 # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
1884 1914 # have no information otherwise.
1885 1915
1886 1916 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
1887 1917 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
1888 1918 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
1889 1919 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
1890 1920 #
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1891 1921 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
1892 1922 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
1893 1923 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
1894 1924 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
1895 1925 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
1896 1926 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
1897 1927
1898 1928 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1899 1929 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1900 1930 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1901 - 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1902 1931 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1903 1932 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1904 1933 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1905 1934 9:00 ROK K%sT
1906 1935 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1907 1936 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1908 - 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1909 1937 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
1910 1938 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
1911 1939 8:30 - KST
1912 1940
1913 1941 ###############################################################################
1914 1942
1915 1943 # Kuwait
1916 1944 # See Asia/Riyadh.
1917 1945
1918 1946 # Laos
1919 1947 # See Asia/Bangkok.
1920 1948
1921 1949
1922 1950 # Lebanon
1923 1951 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1924 1952 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1925 1953 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1926 1954 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1927 1955 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1928 1956 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1929 1957 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1930 1958 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1931 1959 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1932 1960 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1933 1961 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1934 1962 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1935 1963 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1936 1964 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1937 1965 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1938 1966 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1939 1967 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1940 1968 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1941 1969 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1942 1970 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1943 1971 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1944 1972 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1945 1973 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1946 1974 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1947 1975 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1948 1976 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1949 1977 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1950 1978 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1951 1979
1952 1980 # Malaysia
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1953 1981 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1954 1982 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1955 1983 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1956 1984 #
1957 1985 # peninsular Malaysia
1958 1986 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1959 1987 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
1960 1988 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1961 1989 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1962 1990 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1963 - 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1964 - 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1965 - 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1966 - 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1967 - 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1968 - 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1969 - 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1991 + 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
1992 + 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
1993 + 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
1994 + 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
1995 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
1996 + 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
1997 + 8:00 - +08
1970 1998 # Sabah & Sarawak
1971 1999 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
1972 2000 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
1973 2001 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1974 2002 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1975 2003 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1976 - 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1977 - 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1978 - 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1979 - 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1980 - 8:00 - MYT
2004 + 7:30 - +0730 1933
2005 + 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16
2006 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2007 + 8:00 - +08
1981 2008
1982 2009 # Maldives
1983 2010 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1984 2011 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1985 2012 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1986 - 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
2013 + 5:00 - +05
1987 2014
1988 2015 # Mongolia
1989 2016
1990 2017 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1991 2018 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
1992 2019 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
1993 2020
1994 2021 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1995 2022 # General Information Mongolia
1996 2023 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
1997 2024 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1998 2025 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1999 2026 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
2000 2027 # eight hours."
2001 2028
2002 2029 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
2003 2030 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
2004 2031 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
2005 2032 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
2006 2033 # of implementation may have been different....
2007 2034 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
2008 2035 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
2009 2036 # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
2010 2037
2011 2038 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
2012 2039 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
2013 2040 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
2014 2041 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
2015 2042 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
2016 2043 # is good enough for our purposes.
2017 2044
2018 2045 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
2019 2046 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
2020 2047 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
2021 2048 # there are three time zones.
2022 2049 #
2023 2050 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
2024 2051 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
2025 2052 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
2026 2053 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
2027 2054 #
2028 2055 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
2029 2056
2030 2057 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
2031 2058 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
2032 2059 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
2033 2060 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
2034 2061 #
2035 2062 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
2036 2063 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
2037 2064 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
2038 2065
2039 2066 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
2040 2067 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
2041 2068 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
2042 2069 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
2043 2070 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
2044 2071 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
2045 2072 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
2046 2073 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
2047 2074 # He also found
2048 2075 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
2049 2076 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
2050 2077 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
2051 2078 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
2052 2079 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
2053 2080 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
2054 2081 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
2055 2082 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
2056 2083
2057 2084 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
2058 2085 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
2059 2086 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
2060 2087 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
2061 2088
2062 2089 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
2063 2090 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
2064 2091 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
2065 2092 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
2066 2093 # database on this, e.g.:
2067 2094 #
2068 2095 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
2069 2096 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
2070 2097 #
2071 2098 # both say GMT+08:00.
2072 2099
2073 2100 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
2074 2101 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
2075 2102 # schedule here:
2076 2103 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
2077 2104 # (click the English flag for English)
2078 2105 #
2079 2106 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
2080 2107 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
2081 2108 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
2082 2109 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
2083 2110 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
2084 2111 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
2085 2112
2086 2113 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2087 2114 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
2088 2115 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
2089 2116 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
2090 2117 # this is almost surely wrong.
2091 2118
2092 2119 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
2093 2120 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
2094 2121 # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
2095 2122 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
2096 2123 # September daylight saving time ends. Source:
2097 2124 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
2098 2125
2099 2126 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2100 2127 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2101 2128 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2102 2129 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
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2103 2130 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
2104 2131 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
2105 2132 #
2106 2133 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
2107 2134 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
2108 2135 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
2109 2136 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
2110 2137 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
2111 2138 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
2112 2139
2140 +# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09):
2141 +# Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight
2142 +# saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192
2143 +
2113 2144 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
2114 2145 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2115 2146 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
2116 2147 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2117 2148 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
2118 2149 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2119 -Rule Mongol 2015 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2120 -Rule Mongol 2015 max - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
2150 +Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2151 +Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
2121 2152
2122 2153 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2123 2154 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
2124 2155 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
2125 - 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
2126 - 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
2156 + 6:00 - +06 1978
2157 + 7:00 Mongol +07/+08
2127 2158 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
2128 2159 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
2129 - 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
2130 - 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
2160 + 7:00 - +07 1978
2161 + 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
2131 2162 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
2132 2163 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
2133 2164 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
2134 - 7:00 - ULAT 1978
2135 - 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
2136 - 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
2137 - 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
2165 + 7:00 - +07 1978
2166 + 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr
2167 + 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31
2168 + 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
2138 2169
2139 2170 # Nepal
2140 2171 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2141 2172 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
2142 - 5:30 - IST 1986
2143 - 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
2173 + 5:30 - +0530 1986
2174 + 5:45 - +0545
2144 2175
2145 2176 # Oman
2146 2177 # See Asia/Dubai.
2147 2178
2148 2179 # Pakistan
2149 2180
2150 2181 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
2151 2182 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
2152 2183 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
2153 2184 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
2154 2185 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
2155 2186 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
2156 2187
2157 2188 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
2158 2189 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
2159 2190 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
2160 2191 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
2161 2192 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
2162 2193 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
2163 2194 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
2164 2195 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
2165 2196 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
2166 2197 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
2167 2198 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
2168 2199
2169 2200 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
2170 2201 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
2171 2202 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
2172 2203
2173 2204 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
2174 2205 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
2175 2206 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
2176 2207 #
2177 2208 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
2178 2209 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
2179 2210 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
2180 2211 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
2181 2212 #
2182 2213 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
2183 2214 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
2184 2215
2185 2216 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
2186 2217 #
2187 2218 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
2188 2219 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
2189 2220 #
2190 2221 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
2191 2222 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
2192 2223 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
2193 2224 #
2194 2225 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
2195 2226 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
2196 2227
2197 2228 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2198 2229 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
2199 2230
2200 2231 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2201 2232 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
2202 2233 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
2203 2234 # instead of August 31.
2204 2235 #
2205 2236 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
2206 2237 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
2207 2238
2208 2239 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
2209 2240 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
2210 2241 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
2211 2242 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
2212 2243 # official working."
2213 2244 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
2214 2245 #
2215 2246 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
2216 2247 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
2217 2248 #
2218 2249 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
2219 2250 # April 08, 2009
2220 2251 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
2221 2252 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
2222 2253 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
2223 2254 #
2224 2255 # ....
2225 2256 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
2226 2257 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
2227 2258 # conserve energy"
2228 2259
2229 2260 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
2230 2261 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
2231 2262 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
2232 2263 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
2233 2264 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
2234 2265 # this regard."
2235 2266 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
2236 2267
2237 2268 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
2238 2269 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
2239 2270 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
2240 2271 # October 1, 2009.
2241 2272 #
2242 2273 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
2243 2274 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
2244 2275 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
2245 2276 #
2246 2277 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
2247 2278 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
2248 2279 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
2249 2280 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
2250 2281 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
2251 2282 # Monday."
2252 2283 #
2253 2284 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
2254 2285 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
2255 2286 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
2256 2287 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
2257 2288 #
2258 2289 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
2259 2290 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
2260 2291 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
2261 2292
2262 2293 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
2263 2294 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
2264 2295 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
2265 2296
2266 2297 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
2267 2298 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2268 2299 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
2269 2300 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
2270 2301 # >
2271 2302 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
2272 2303 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
2273 2304 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
2274 2305 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
2275 2306 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
2276 2307 #
2277 2308 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
2278 2309 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
2279 2310 #
2280 2311 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2281 2312 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
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2282 2313
2283 2314 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2284 2315 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
2285 2316 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2286 2317 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2287 2318 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2288 2319 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
2289 2320
2290 2321 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2291 2322 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
2292 - 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
2293 - 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
2294 - 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
2295 - 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
2323 + 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
2324 + 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
2325 + 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30
2326 + 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26
2296 2327 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
2297 2328
2298 2329 # Palestine
2299 2330
2300 2331 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2301 2332 #
2302 2333 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
2303 2334 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
2304 2335 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
2305 2336 #
2306 2337 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
2307 2338 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
2308 2339 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
2309 2340 # though.
2310 2341 #
2311 2342 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
2312 2343 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
2313 2344 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
2314 2345 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
2315 2346 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
2316 2347 # East Jerusalem.
2317 2348 #
2318 2349 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
2319 2350 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
2320 2351 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
2321 2352 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
2322 2353 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
2323 2354 #
2324 2355 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
2325 2356 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
2326 2357 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
2327 2358 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
2328 2359 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
2329 2360 # Jordanian one).
2330 2361 #
2331 2362 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
2332 2363 #
2333 2364 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
2334 2365 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
2335 2366 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
2336 2367 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
2337 2368 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
2338 2369 #
2339 2370 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
2340 2371 # have one).
2341 2372
2342 2373 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2343 2374 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
2344 2375 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
2345 2376 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2346 2377 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2347 2378 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2348 2379 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2349 2380 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2350 2381 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2351 2382 # to Palestine's rules.
2352 2383
2353 2384 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2354 2385 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2355 2386 #
2356 2387 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2357 2388 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2358 2389 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2359 2390 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2360 2391
2361 2392 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2362 2393 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
2363 2394 # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
2364 2395 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2365 2396 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2366 2397 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2367 2398 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2368 2399 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2369 2400
2370 2401 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2371 2402 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2372 2403
2373 2404 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2374 2405 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2375 2406 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2376 2407 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2377 2408 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
2378 2409
2379 2410 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2380 2411 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2381 2412 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2382 2413 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2383 2414 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2384 2415 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2385 2416 # the West Bank.
2386 2417
2387 2418 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2388 2419 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2389 2420 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2390 2421 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2391 2422 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2392 2423 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2393 2424 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2394 2425 # because of the Ramadan.
2395 2426
2396 2427 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2397 2428 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2398 2429 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2399 2430
2400 2431 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2401 2432 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2402 2433 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2403 2434 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2404 2435 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2405 2436 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2406 2437
2407 2438 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2408 2439 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2409 2440 #
2410 2441 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2411 2442 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2412 2443 #
2413 2444 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2414 2445 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2415 2446 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2416 2447
2417 2448 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2418 2449 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2419 2450 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2420 2451 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2421 2452 #
2422 2453 # (in Arabic)
2423 2454 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2424 2455 #
2425 2456 # (English translation)
2426 2457 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2427 2458
2428 2459 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2429 2460 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2430 2461 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2431 2462 #
2432 2463 # One news source:
2433 2464 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2434 2465 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2435 2466 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2436 2467 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2437 2468 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2438 2469 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2439 2470 #
2440 2471 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2441 2472 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2442 2473 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2443 2474
2444 2475 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2445 2476 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2446 2477 #
2447 2478 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2448 2479 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2449 2480 #
2450 2481 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2451 2482 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
2452 2483 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2453 2484 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2454 2485
2455 2486 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2456 2487 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2457 2488 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2458 2489 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2459 2490 #
2460 2491 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2461 2492 # (in Arabic)
2462 2493 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2463 2494
2464 2495 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2465 2496 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2466 2497 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2467 2498 # noon though:
2468 2499 #
2469 2500 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2470 2501 # (Ma'an News Agency)
2471 2502 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2472 2503 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2473 2504
2474 2505 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2475 2506 # According to several sources, including
2476 2507 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2477 2508 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2478 2509 # Gaza and the West Bank.
2479 2510 # Some more background info:
2480 2511 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2481 2512
2482 2513 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2483 2514 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2484 2515 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2485 2516 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2486 2517 # Ramadan.
2487 2518 #
2488 2519 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2489 2520 # Additional info:
2490 2521 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2491 2522
2492 2523 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2493 2524 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2494 2525 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2495 2526 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2496 2527 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2497 2528 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2498 2529 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2499 2530 # ...
2500 2531 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2501 2532 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2502 2533 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
2503 2534
2504 2535 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2505 2536 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2506 2537 # 00:00).
2507 2538 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2508 2539 #
2509 2540 # Many sources, including:
2510 2541 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2511 2542
2512 2543 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2513 2544 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
2514 2545 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
2515 2546 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
2516 2547 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
2517 2548 #
2518 2549 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
2519 2550 #
2520 2551 # Our brief summary:
2521 2552 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
2522 2553
2523 2554 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
2524 2555 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
2525 2556 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
2526 2557 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
2527 2558 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
2528 2559 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
2529 2560
2530 2561 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
2531 2562 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
2532 2563 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
2533 2564 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
2534 2565 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
2535 2566 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
2536 2567 # official source...:
2537 2568 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
2538 2569
2539 2570 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
2540 2571 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
2541 2572 # and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
2542 2573 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
2543 2574 #
2544 2575 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
2545 2576 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
2546 2577 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
2547 2578
2548 2579 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
2549 2580 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
2550 2581 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
2551 2582 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
2552 2583 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
2553 2584 #
2554 2585 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12):
2555 2586 # Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2556 2587
2557 2588 # From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):
2558 2589 # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
2559 2590 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
2560 2591 # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
2561 2592 #
2562 2593 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):
2563 2594 # Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2564 2595 # This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring
2565 2596 # predictions.
2566 2597 #
2567 2598 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):
2568 2599 # It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:
2569 2600 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
2570 2601 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
2571 2602
2572 2603 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2573 2604 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2574 2605 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2575 2606 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2576 2607 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2577 2608 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2578 2609 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2579 2610
2580 2611 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2581 2612 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2582 2613 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2583 2614 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2584 2615 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2585 2616 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2586 2617 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2587 2618 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2588 2619 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2589 2620 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
2590 2621 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2591 2622 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2592 2623 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
2593 2624 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2594 2625 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
2595 2626 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
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2596 2627 Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2597 2628 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
2598 2629 Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2599 2630 Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2600 2631 Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
2601 2632 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar lastSat 1:00 1:00 S
2602 2633 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 -
2603 2634
2604 2635 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2605 2636 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2606 - 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2637 + 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
2607 2638 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2608 2639 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2609 2640 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2610 2641 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
2611 2642 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
2612 2643 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
2613 2644 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2614 2645 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2615 2646 2:00 - EET 2012
2616 2647 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2617 2648
2618 2649 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2619 - 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2650 + 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
2620 2651 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2621 2652 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2622 2653 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2623 2654 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2624 2655
2625 2656 # Paracel Is
2626 2657 # no information
2627 2658
2628 2659 # Philippines
2629 2660 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
2630 2661 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2631 2662 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
2632 2663 # History of the International Date Line
2633 2664 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
2634 2665 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2635 2666
2636 2667 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2637 2668 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2638 2669 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2639 2670 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2640 2671 # but no details]
2641 2672
2642 2673 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
2643 2674 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
2644 2675 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
2645 2676 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
2646 2677 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
2647 2678 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
2648 2679 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
2649 2680
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2650 2681 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2651 2682 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2652 2683 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2653 2684 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2654 2685 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2655 2686 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2656 2687 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2657 2688 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2658 2689 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2659 2690 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2660 - 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2661 - 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2662 - 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2691 + 8:00 Phil +08/+09 1942 May
2692 + 9:00 - +09 1944 Nov
2693 + 8:00 Phil +08/+09
2663 2694
2664 2695 # Qatar
2665 2696 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2666 2697 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2667 - 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2668 - 3:00 - AST
2698 + 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
2699 + 3:00 - +03
2669 2700 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
2670 2701
2671 2702 # Saudi Arabia
2672 2703 #
2673 2704 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2674 2705 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2675 2706 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2676 2707 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2677 2708 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2678 2709 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2679 2710 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2680 2711 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2681 2712 #
2682 2713 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2683 2714 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2684 2715 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
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2685 2716 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2686 2717 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2687 2718 # earlier date.
2688 2719 #
2689 2720 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2690 2721 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
2691 2722 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2692 2723 #
2693 2724 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2694 2725 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2695 - 3:00 - AST
2726 + 3:00 - +03
2696 2727 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
2697 2728 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
2698 2729
2699 2730 # Singapore
2700 2731 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2701 2732 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2702 2733 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2703 2734 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2704 2735 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2705 - 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2706 - 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2707 - 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2708 - 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2709 - 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2710 - 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2711 - 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2712 - 8:00 - SGT
2736 + 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
2737 + 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
2738 + 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
2739 + 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
2740 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2741 + 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
2742 + 8:00 - +08
2713 2743
2714 2744 # Spratly Is
2715 2745 # no information
2716 2746
2717 2747 # Sri Lanka
2718 2748
2719 2749 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2720 2750 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
2721 2751 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
2722 2752 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
2723 2753 # Shanks and Pottenger.
2724 2754
2725 2755 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2726 2756 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2727 2757 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
2728 2758 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2729 2759 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2730 2760 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
2731 2761 #
2732 2762 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2733 2763 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
2734 2764 # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26):
2735 2765 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2736 2766 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2737 2767
2738 2768 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2739 2769 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2740 2770 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2741 2771 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2742 2772
2743 2773 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2744 2774 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
2745 2775 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2746 2776 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2747 2777 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2748 2778 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2749 2779 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2750 2780 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2751 2781
2752 2782 # From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
2753 2783 # According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
2754 2784 # Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
2755 2785 # standard time is SLST.
2756 2786 #
2757 2787 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
2758 2788 # "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
2759 2789 # zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of
2760 2790 # it in the International Business Times of India in February and
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2761 2791 # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
2762 2792 # since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
2763 2793 # other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
2764 2794 # even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
2765 2795 # switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
2766 2796
2767 2797 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2768 2798 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2769 2799 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2770 2800 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5
2771 - 5:30 0:30 +0530/+06 1942 Sep
2772 - 5:30 1:00 +0530/+0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2801 + 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep
2802 + 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2773 2803 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00
2774 2804 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2775 2805 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2776 2806 5:30 - +0530
2777 2807
2778 2808 # Syria
2779 2809 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2780 2810 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2781 2811 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2782 2812 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2783 2813 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2784 2814 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2785 2815 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2786 2816 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2787 2817 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2788 2818 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2789 2819 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2790 2820 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2791 2821 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2792 2822 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2793 2823 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2794 2824 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2795 2825 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2796 2826 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2797 2827 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2798 2828 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2799 2829 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2800 2830 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2801 2831 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2802 2832 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2803 2833 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2804 2834 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2805 2835 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2806 2836 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2807 2837 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2808 2838 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2809 2839 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2810 2840 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2811 2841 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2812 2842 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2813 2843 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2814 2844 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2815 2845 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2816 2846 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2817 2847 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2818 2848 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2819 2849 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2820 2850 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2821 2851 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2822 2852 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2823 2853 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2824 2854 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2825 2855 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2826 2856 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
2827 2857 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2828 2858 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
2829 2859 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
2830 2860 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2831 2861 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2832 2862 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2833 2863 #
2834 2864 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2835 2865 # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
2836 2866 #
2837 2867 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2838 2868 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2839 2869 #
2840 2870 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2841 2871 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2842 2872 #
2843 2873 # which using Google's translate tools says:
2844 2874 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2845 2875 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2846 2876 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2847 2877 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2848 2878
2849 2879 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2850 2880 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2851 2881 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
2852 2882 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2853 2883 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2854 2884 # Variation
2855 2885 # Syrian Arab
2856 2886 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2857 2887 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2858 2888 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2859 2889
2860 2890 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2861 2891 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2862 2892 # Agency (SANA)...
2863 2893 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2864 2894 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2865 2895 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2866 2896 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2867 2897 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2868 2898 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2869 2899
2870 2900 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2871 2901 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2872 2902 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2873 2903 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2874 2904 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2875 2905
2876 2906 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2877 2907 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2878 2908 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2879 2909 #
2880 2910 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2881 2911 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2882 2912 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2883 2913 #
2884 2914 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2885 2915
2886 2916 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2887 2917 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2888 2918 # two examples:
2889 2919 #
2890 2920 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2891 2921 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2892 2922 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2893 2923 # (Arabic, gov-site)
2894 2924 #
2895 2925 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2896 2926 #
2897 2927 # Our summary
2898 2928 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2899 2929
2900 2930 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2901 2931 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2902 2932 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2903 2933 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2904 2934 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2905 2935
2906 2936 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2907 2937 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2908 2938 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2909 2939 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2910 2940
2911 2941 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2912 2942 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2913 2943 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2914 2944 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
2915 2945 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
2916 2946
2917 2947 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2918 2948 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
2919 2949 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
2920 2950 #
2921 2951 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
2922 2952 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
2923 2953 #
2924 2954 # Our brief summary:
2925 2955 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
2926 2956
2927 2957 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2928 2958 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
2929 2959
2930 2960 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2931 2961 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2932 2962 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2933 2963 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2934 2964 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2935 2965 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2936 2966
2937 2967 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2938 2968 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2939 2969 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2940 2970
2941 2971 # Tajikistan
2942 2972 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2943 2973 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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2944 2974 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2945 2975 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2946 2976 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2947 2977 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2948 2978 5:00 - +05
2949 2979
2950 2980 # Thailand
2951 2981 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2952 2982 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2953 2983 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2954 - 7:00 - ICT
2984 + 7:00 - +07
2955 2985 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
2956 2986 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
2957 2987
2958 2988 # Turkmenistan
2959 2989 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2960 2990 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2961 2991 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2962 2992 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2963 2993 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2964 2994 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2965 2995 5:00 - +05
2966 2996
2967 2997 # United Arab Emirates
2968 2998 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2969 2999 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2970 - 4:00 - GST
3000 + 4:00 - +04
2971 3001 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
2972 3002
2973 3003 # Uzbekistan
2974 3004 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
2975 3005 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2976 3006 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
2977 3007 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2978 3008 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2979 3009 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2980 3010 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2981 3011 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
2982 3012 5:00 - +05
2983 3013 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
2984 3014 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
2985 3015 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2986 3016 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2987 3017 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
2988 3018 5:00 - +05
2989 3019
2990 3020 # Vietnam
2991 3021
2992 3022 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
2993 3023 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
2994 3024 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
2995 3025 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
2996 3026 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
2997 3027
2998 3028 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2999 3029 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
3000 3030 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
3001 3031
3002 3032 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
3003 3033 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
3004 3034 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
3005 3035 # is quoted verbatim in:
3006 3036 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
3007 3037 # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
3008 3038 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
3009 3039 # and is the basis for the information below.
3010 3040 #
3011 3041 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
3012 3042 # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris.
3013 3043 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
3014 3044 # the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
3015 3045 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
3016 3046 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
3017 3047 # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
3018 3048 #
3019 3049 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
3020 3050 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
3021 3051 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
3022 3052 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
3023 3053 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
3024 3054 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
3025 3055 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
3026 3056 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
3027 3057 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
3028 3058 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
3029 3059 #
3030 3060 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
3031 3061 #
3032 3062 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
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3033 3063 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
3034 3064 #
3035 3065 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
3036 3066 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
3037 3067 #
3038 3068 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
3039 3069 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
3040 3070
3041 3071 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3042 3072 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
3043 - 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
3044 - 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00
3045 - 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00
3046 - 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
3047 - 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1
3048 - 8:00 - IDT 1955 Jul 1
3049 - 7:00 - ICT 1959 Dec 31 23:00
3050 - 8:00 - IDT 1975 Jun 13
3051 - 7:00 - ICT
3073 + 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT
3074 + 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
3075 + 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
3076 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
3077 + 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
3078 + 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1
3079 + 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00
3080 + 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13
3081 + 7:00 - +07
3052 3082
3053 3083 # Yemen
3054 3084 # See Asia/Riyadh.
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