1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
10 #
11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 #
16 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 #
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 #
27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30 #
31 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
32 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
33 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
34 #
35 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
36 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
37 #
38 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
39 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
40 # Corrections are welcome!
41 # std dst
42 # LMT Local Mean Time
43 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
44 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
45 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
46 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran*
47 # 4:00 GST Gulf*
48 # 5:30 IST India
49 # 7:00 ICT Indochina, most times and locations*
50 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
51 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
52 # 8:00 CST China
53 # 8:00 IDT Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)*
54 # 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
55 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830*
56 # 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
57 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
58 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
59 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
60 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
61 #
62 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
63
64 # From Guy Harris:
65 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
66 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
67 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
68 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
69
70 ###############################################################################
71
72 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
73 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
74 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
75 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
76 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
77 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
78 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
79 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
80 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
81 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
82 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
83 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2011 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
84 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2011 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
85
86 # Afghanistan
87 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
88 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
89 4:00 - AFT 1945
90 4:30 - AFT
91
92 # Armenia
93 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
94 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
95 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
96 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
97 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
98 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
99 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
100 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
101 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
102
103 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
104 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
105 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
106
107 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
108 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
109 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
110 #
213 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
214 #
215 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
216 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
217 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
218 # Minister's Office last night..."
219
220 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
221 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
222 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
223 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
224 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
225
226 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
227 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
228 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
229
230 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
231 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
232 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
233 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
234 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
235 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
236 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
237 6:00 - BDT 2009
238 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT
239
240 # Bhutan
241 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
242 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
243 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
244 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
245
246 # British Indian Ocean Territory
247 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
248 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
249 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
250 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
251 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
252 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
253 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
254 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
255 6:00 - IOT
256
257 # Brunei
258 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
259 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
260 7:30 - BNT 1933
261 8:00 - BNT
262
263 # Burma / Myanmar
264
265 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
266
267 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
268 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
269 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
270 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
271 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
272 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
273
274 # Cambodia
275 # See Asia/Bangkok.
276
277
278 # China
279
280 # From Guy Harris:
281 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
282
283 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
284 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
285 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
286 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
287 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
288 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
289 #
290 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
291 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
292 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
315 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
316 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
317 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
318
319 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
320 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
321 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
322 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
323 #
324 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
325 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
326 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
327 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
328 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
329 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
330 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
331 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
332 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
333 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
334
335 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
336 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
337 #
338 # (1)
339 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
340 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
341 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
342 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
343 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
344 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
345 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
346 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
347 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
348 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
349 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
350 # could well have ignored any such mandate.
351 #
352 # (2)
353 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
354 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
355 # [undated and unknown publication location]
373 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
374 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
375 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
376 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
377 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
378 #
379 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
380 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
381 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
382 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
383 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
384 #
385 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
386 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
387 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
388 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
389 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
390 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
391 #
392 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
393 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
394 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
395 #
396 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
397 # Asia/Shanghai
398 # most of China
399 # This currently represents most other zones as well,
400 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
401 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
402 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
403 #
404 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of the area) UT +07
405 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
406 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
407 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
408 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
409 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
410 #
411 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
412 # Asia/Urumqi
413 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
414 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
415 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
416 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
417 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
418 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
419 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
420 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
421 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
422 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
423 #
424 # Kunlun Time UT +05:30
425 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
426 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
427 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
428 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
429 # and Yarkand.
430
431 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
432 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
433 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
434 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
435 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
436 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
437 #
438 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
439 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
440 # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
441 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
442 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
443 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
444 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
445 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
506 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
507 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
508 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
509 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
510 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
511 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
512 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
513 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
514 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
515 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
516 # +08 mandate back then.
517
518 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
519 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
520 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
521 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
522 8:00 PRC C%sT
523 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
524 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
525 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
526 6:00 - XJT
527
528
529 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
530
531 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
532
533 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
534 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
535 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
536 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
537 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
538 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
539 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
540 # obtained from
541 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
542
543 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
544 # Here are the dates given at
545 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
546 # as of 2009-10-28:
725 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
726 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
727 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
728 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
729 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
730 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
731 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
732 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
733 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
734 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
735 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
736 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
737 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
738 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
739 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
740 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
741
742 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
743 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
744 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
745 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1
746 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
747 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
748
749 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
750 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
751 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
752 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
753 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
754 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
755 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
756 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
757 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
758 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
759 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
760 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
761 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
762 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
763 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
764 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
765 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
766 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
767 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
768 8:00 PRC C%sT
769
770
771 ###############################################################################
772
773 # Cyprus
774 #
775 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
776 #
777 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
778 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
779 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
780 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
781 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
782 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
783 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
784 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
785 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
786 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
787 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
788 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
789 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
790 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
791 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
792
793 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
794 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
795 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
796
797 # Georgia
798 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
799 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
800 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
801 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
802 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
803 #
804 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
805 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
806 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
807 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
808 #
809 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
810 #
811 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
851 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
852 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
853 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
854 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
855 # conflicts with their way of life.
856
857 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
858 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
859 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
860
861 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
862 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
863 # (2000-08-16):
864 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
865 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
866 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
867 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
868
869 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
870 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
871 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
872 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
873 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
874 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 0:00
875 9:00 - TLT
876
877 # India
878
879 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
880 # http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
881 # (2015-12-22):
882 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
883 # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of
884 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this
885 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century.
886
887 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
888 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
889 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
890 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
891 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
892 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
893 5:30 - IST
894 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
895 # Andaman Is
896 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
897 # Nicobar Is
898
899 # Indonesia
900 #
901 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
902 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
903 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
904 #
905 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
906 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
907 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
908 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
909 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
910 #
911 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
912 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
923 #
924 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
925 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
926 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
927 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
928 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
929 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
930 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
931 # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
932 #
933 # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
934 # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
935 # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
936 #
937 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
938 # Java, Sumatra
939 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
940 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
941 # but this must be a typo.
942 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
943 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
944 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23
945 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
946 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
947 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
948 7:30 - WIB 1964
949 7:00 - WIB
950 # west and central Borneo
951 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
952 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
953 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29
954 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
955 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
956 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
957 7:30 - WIB 1964
958 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
959 7:00 - WIB
960 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
961 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
962 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
963 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9
964 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
965 8:00 - WITA
966 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
967 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
968 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1
969 9:30 - ACST 1964
970 9:00 - WIT
971
972 # Iran
973
974 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
975 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
976 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
977 #
978 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
979 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
980 #
981 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
982 #
983 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
984 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
985 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
986 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
987 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
988 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
989 #
990 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
991 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
992 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
993 # Shahrivar.
994 #
995 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
996 #
997 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
998 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
999 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
1000 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
1001 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
1002 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
1003 #
1004 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
1005 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
1006 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
1007 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
1008 # plan to change that law....
1009 #
1010 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1011 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
1012 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
1013 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
1014 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
1015 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
1016 #
1017 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
1018 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1019 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1020 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1021 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1022 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1089 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1090 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1091 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1092 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1093 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1094 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1095 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1096 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1097 #
1098 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
1099 # These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
1100 # restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
1101 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
1102 # possibly Iran will change the rules first.
1103 Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1104 Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1105
1106 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1107 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
1108 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
1109 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
1110 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
1111 3:30 Iran IR%sT
1112
1113
1114 # Iraq
1115 #
1116 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1117 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1118 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1119 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1120 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1121 #
1122 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1123 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1124 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
1125 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
1126 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1127 #
1128 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1129
1130 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1131 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1134 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1135 #
1136 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1137 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1138
1139 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1140 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1141 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1142 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1143 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1144 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
1145 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
1146 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
1147 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1148 #
1149 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
1150 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
1151 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1152 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1153 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1154 3:00 - AST 1982 May
1155 3:00 Iraq A%sT
1156
1157
1158 ###############################################################################
1159
1160 # Israel
1161
1162 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1163 #
1164 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1165 # different abbreviations in use:
1166 #
1167 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1168 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1169 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1170 #
1171 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1172 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1173 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1174 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1175 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1434 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
1435 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1436 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1437 # standard....
1438 #
1439 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1440 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1441
1442 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1443 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1444 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1445 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1446 #
1447 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1448 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1449 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1450 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1451
1452 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1453 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1454 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1
1455 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1456 9:00 Japan J%sT
1457 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1458
1459 # Jordan
1460 #
1461 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1462 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1463 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1464 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1465 # all year round.
1466 #
1467 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1468 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1469 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1470 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1471 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1472 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1473 #
1474 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1475 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1553 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1554 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1555 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1556 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1557 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1558
1559
1560 # Kazakhstan
1561
1562 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
1563 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
1564 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1565 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1566 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1567 #
1568 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1569 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1570 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1571 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1572 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1573 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1574 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1575 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1576 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1577
1578 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27) ([*] means see later comments below):
1579 # Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
1580 # produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
1581 #
1582 # 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
1583 # from 1991-02-04 No. 20
1584 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
1585 # removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
1586 # starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
1587 # It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
1588 # Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
1589 #
1590 # The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
1591 # of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
1592 # of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
1593 # text.
1594 #
1595 # According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
1596 # (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
1597 # http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
1598 # transition to "summer" time:
1604 # of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
1605 # Other territories were to not move clocks.
1606 # When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
1607 # moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
1608 # Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
1609 #
1610 # Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
1611 # was one of such changes.
1612 #
1613 # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время
1614 # claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
1615 # Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
1616 # were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
1617 # forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
1618 # (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
1619 # article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
1620 # move clocks.)
1621 #
1622 # This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
1623 # the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
1624 # to +04/+05. It's unclear how Kzyl-Orda oblast moved into the fifth
1625 # time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
1626 #
1627 # 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1628 # from 1992-01-13 No. 28
1629 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
1630 # (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
1631 # introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
1632 # 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated
1633 # according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
1634 # on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
1635 # 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
1636 # located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
1637 # border between them to be located east of Kustanay and Aktyubinsk
1638 # oblasts (notably including Turgai and Kzyl-Orda oblasts into the fifth
1639 # time belt).
1640 #
1641 # This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
1642 # Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyrau and Kustanay oblasts; from
1643 # +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk) [*]....
1644 #
1645 # 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1646 # from 1992-03-27 No. 284
1647 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
1648 # cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Kzyl-Orda oblasts
1649 # since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
1650 # and the fifth time belts respectively.
1651 #
1652 # 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1653 # from 1994-09-23 No. 384
1654 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
1655 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangystau
1656 # oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
1657 # the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
1658 # result)....
1659 #
1660 # 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1661 # from 1996-05-08 No. 575
1662 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
1663 # amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
1664 # of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
1665 #
1666 # 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1667 # from 1999-03-26 No. 305
1668 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
1669 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyrau oblast since the
1670 # last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
1671 # time belt.
1672 #
1673 # This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.
1674 #
1675 # There is no zone for Atyrau currently (listed under Asia/Aqtau in
1676 # zone1970.tab).[*]
1677 #
1678 # 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1679 # from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
1680 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
1681 # replaces the previous five documents.
1682 #
1683 # The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
1684 # fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling
1685 # and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
1686 # probably changed time in territories incorporated into Kostanay oblast
1687 # (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Kyzylorda oblast
1688 # from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
1689 # fourth time belt (no change in practice).[*]
1690 #
1691 # 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1692 # from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
1693 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
1694 # modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently.
1695 #
1696 # 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1697 # from 2004-07-20 No. 775
1698 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
1699 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Kostanay and Kyzylorda oblasts into
1700 # the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
1701 # using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
1702 # zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented
1703 # during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
1704 # amended before implementation happened.
1705 #
1706 # 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1707 # from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
1708 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
1709 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
1710 # (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
1711 # 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyrau, West Kazakhstan,
1712 # Kostanay, Kyzylorda and Mangystau oblasts by not moving clocks
1713 # during the 2014 transition to "winter" time.
1714 #
1715 # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyrau oblast (no
1716 # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
1717 # +06/+07 for Kostanay oblast (Kostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
1718 # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....[*]
1719 #
1720 # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1721 # from 2005-03-15 No. 231
1722 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
1723 # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
1724 # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
1725 # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
1726 # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
1727 # time.
1728 #
1729 # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
1730 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
1731 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
1732 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
1733
1734 # From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
1735 # The tables below should reflect Stepan Golosunov's remarks above,
1736 # except for the items marked "[*]" which I haven't gotten to yet.
1737 # It looks like we will need new zones Asia/Atyrau and Asia/Qostanay
1738 # to handle changes from 1992 through 2004 that we did not previously
1739 # know about.
1740
1741 #
1742 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1743 #
1744 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1745 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
1746 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
1747 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1748 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
1749 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1750 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1751 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1752 6:00 - +06
1753 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
1754 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1755 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1756 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1757 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1758 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1759 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1760 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1761 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1762 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1763 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1764 6:00 - +06
1765 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
1766 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1767 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1768 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1769 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1770 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1771 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1772 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1773 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1774 5:00 - +05
1775 # Qostanay (KZ-KUS)
1776
1777 # Mangghystau (KZ-MAN)
1778 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1779 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1780 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1781 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1782 5:00 - +05 1963
1783 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
1784 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1785 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1786 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1787 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
1788 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1789 5:00 - +05
1790
1791 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
1792 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1793 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1794 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1795 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1796 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1797 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1798 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1799 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1800 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1801 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1802 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1803 5:00 - +05
1804
1805 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1806 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1807
1808 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1809 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1810 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
1811 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1812 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1813 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1814 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1815 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1881 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1882 #
1883 # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
1884 # have no information otherwise.
1885
1886 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
1887 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
1888 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
1889 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
1890 #
1891 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
1892 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
1893 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
1894 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
1895 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
1896 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
1897
1898 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1899 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1900 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1901 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1902 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1903 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1904 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1905 9:00 ROK K%sT
1906 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1907 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1908 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1909 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
1910 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
1911 8:30 - KST
1912
1913 ###############################################################################
1914
1915 # Kuwait
1916 # See Asia/Riyadh.
1917
1918 # Laos
1919 # See Asia/Bangkok.
1920
1921
1922 # Lebanon
1923 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1924 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1925 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1926 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1927 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1928 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1943 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1944 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1945 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1946 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1947 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1948 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1949 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1950 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1951
1952 # Malaysia
1953 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1954 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1955 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1956 #
1957 # peninsular Malaysia
1958 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1959 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
1960 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1961 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1962 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1963 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1964 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1965 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1966 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1967 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1968 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1969 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1970 # Sabah & Sarawak
1971 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
1972 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
1973 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1974 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1975 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1976 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1977 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1978 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1979 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1980 8:00 - MYT
1981
1982 # Maldives
1983 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1984 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1985 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1986 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1987
1988 # Mongolia
1989
1990 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1991 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
1992 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
1993
1994 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1995 # General Information Mongolia
1996 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
1997 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1998 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1999 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
2000 # eight hours."
2001
2002 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
2003 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
2004 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
2005 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
2006 # of implementation may have been different....
2093 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
2094 # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
2095 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
2096 # September daylight saving time ends. Source:
2097 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
2098
2099 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2100 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2101 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2102 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
2103 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
2104 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
2105 #
2106 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
2107 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
2108 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
2109 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
2110 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
2111 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
2112
2113 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
2114 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2115 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
2116 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2117 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
2118 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2119 Rule Mongol 2015 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2120 Rule Mongol 2015 max - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
2121
2122 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2123 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
2124 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
2125 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
2126 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
2127 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
2128 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
2129 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
2130 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
2131 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
2132 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
2133 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
2134 7:00 - ULAT 1978
2135 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
2136 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
2137 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
2138
2139 # Nepal
2140 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2141 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
2142 5:30 - IST 1986
2143 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
2144
2145 # Oman
2146 # See Asia/Dubai.
2147
2148 # Pakistan
2149
2150 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
2151 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
2152 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
2153 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
2154 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
2155 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
2156
2157 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
2158 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
2159 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
2160 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
2161 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
2162 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
2163 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
2272 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
2273 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
2274 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
2275 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
2276 #
2277 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
2278 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
2279 #
2280 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2281 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
2282
2283 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2284 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
2285 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2286 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2287 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2288 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
2289
2290 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2291 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
2292 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
2293 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
2294 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
2295 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
2296 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
2297
2298 # Palestine
2299
2300 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2301 #
2302 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
2303 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
2304 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
2305 #
2306 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
2307 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
2308 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
2309 # though.
2310 #
2311 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
2312 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
2313 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
2314 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
2315 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
2586 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2587 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2588 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2589 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
2590 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2591 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2592 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
2593 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2594 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
2595 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2596 Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2597 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
2598 Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2599 Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2600 Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
2601 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar lastSat 1:00 1:00 S
2602 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 -
2603
2604 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2605 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2606 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2607 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2608 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2609 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2610 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
2611 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
2612 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
2613 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2614 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2615 2:00 - EET 2012
2616 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2617
2618 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2619 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2620 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2621 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2622 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2623 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2624
2625 # Paracel Is
2626 # no information
2627
2628 # Philippines
2629 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
2630 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2631 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
2632 # History of the International Date Line
2633 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
2634 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2635
2636 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2637 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2638 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2639 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2640 # but no details]
2641
2642 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
2643 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
2644 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
2645 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
2646 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
2647 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
2648 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
2649
2650 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2651 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2652 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2653 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2654 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2655 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2656 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2657 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2658 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2659 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2660 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2661 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2662 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2663
2664 # Qatar
2665 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2666 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2667 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2668 3:00 - AST
2669 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
2670
2671 # Saudi Arabia
2672 #
2673 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2674 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2675 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2676 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2677 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2678 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2679 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2680 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2681 #
2682 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2683 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2684 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2685 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2686 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2687 # earlier date.
2688 #
2689 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2690 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
2691 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2692 #
2693 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2694 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2695 3:00 - AST
2696 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
2697 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
2698
2699 # Singapore
2700 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2701 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2702 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2703 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2704 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2705 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2706 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2707 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2708 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2709 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2710 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2711 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2712 8:00 - SGT
2713
2714 # Spratly Is
2715 # no information
2716
2717 # Sri Lanka
2718
2719 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2720 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
2721 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
2722 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
2723 # Shanks and Pottenger.
2724
2725 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2726 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2727 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
2728 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2729 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2730 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
2731 #
2732 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2751
2752 # From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
2753 # According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
2754 # Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
2755 # standard time is SLST.
2756 #
2757 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
2758 # "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
2759 # zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of
2760 # it in the International Business Times of India in February and
2761 # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
2762 # since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
2763 # other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
2764 # even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
2765 # switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
2766
2767 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2768 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2769 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2770 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5
2771 5:30 0:30 +0530/+06 1942 Sep
2772 5:30 1:00 +0530/+0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2773 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00
2774 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2775 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2776 5:30 - +0530
2777
2778 # Syria
2779 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2780 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2781 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2782 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2783 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2784 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2785 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2786 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2787 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2788 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2789 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2790 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2791 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2792 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2934 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2935 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2936
2937 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2938 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2939 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2940
2941 # Tajikistan
2942 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2943 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2944 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2945 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2946 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2947 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2948 5:00 - +05
2949
2950 # Thailand
2951 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2952 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2953 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2954 7:00 - ICT
2955 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
2956 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
2957
2958 # Turkmenistan
2959 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2960 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2961 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2962 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2963 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2964 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2965 5:00 - +05
2966
2967 # United Arab Emirates
2968 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2969 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2970 4:00 - GST
2971 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
2972
2973 # Uzbekistan
2974 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
2975 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2976 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
2977 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2978 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2979 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2980 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2981 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
2982 5:00 - +05
2983 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
2984 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
2985 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2986 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2987 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
2988 5:00 - +05
2989
2990 # Vietnam
3023 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
3024 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
3025 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
3026 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
3027 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
3028 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
3029 #
3030 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
3031 #
3032 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
3033 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
3034 #
3035 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
3036 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
3037 #
3038 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
3039 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
3040
3041 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3042 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
3043 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
3044 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00
3045 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00
3046 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
3047 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1
3048 8:00 - IDT 1955 Jul 1
3049 7:00 - ICT 1959 Dec 31 23:00
3050 8:00 - IDT 1975 Jun 13
3051 7:00 - ICT
3052
3053 # Yemen
3054 # See Asia/Riyadh.
|
1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-13):
10 #
11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 #
16 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
17 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 #
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 #
27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30 #
31 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
32 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
33 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
34 #
35 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
36 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
37 #
38 # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables:
39 # std dst
40 # LMT Local Mean Time
41 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
42 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
43 # 5:30 IST India
44 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
45 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
46 # 8:00 CST China
47 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
48 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
49 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
50 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
51 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
52 # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
53 # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UTC offsets. Although earlier
54 # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
55 # offset, this did not reflect common practice.
56 #
57 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
58
59 # From Guy Harris:
60 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
61 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
62 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
63 # Worldwide Edition).
64
65 ###############################################################################
66
67 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
68 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
69 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
70 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
71 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
72 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
73 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
74 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
75 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
76 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
77 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
78 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2011 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
79 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2011 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
80
81 # Afghanistan
82 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
83 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
84 4:00 - +04 1945
85 4:30 - +0430
86
87 # Armenia
88 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
89 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
90 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
91 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
92 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
93 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
94 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
95 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
96 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
97
98 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
99 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
100 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
101
102 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
103 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
104 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
105 #
208 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
209 #
210 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
211 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
212 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
213 # Minister's Office last night..."
214
215 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
216 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
217 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
218 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
219 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
220
221 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
222 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
223 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
224
225 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
226 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
227 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
228 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
229 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
230 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30
231 6:00 - +06 2009
232 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07
233
234 # Bhutan
235 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
236 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
237 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct
238 6:00 - +06
239
240 # British Indian Ocean Territory
241 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
242 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
243 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
244 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
245 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
246 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
247 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
248 5:00 - +05 1996
249 6:00 - +06
250
251 # Brunei
252 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
253 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
254 7:30 - +0730 1933
255 8:00 - +08
256
257 # Burma / Myanmar
258
259 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
260
261 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
262 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
263 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
264 6:30 - +0630 1942 May
265 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3
266 6:30 - +0630
267
268 # Cambodia
269 # See Asia/Bangkok.
270
271
272 # China
273
274 # From Guy Harris:
275 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
276
277 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
278 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
279 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
280 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
281 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
282 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
283 #
284 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
285 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
286 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
309 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
310 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
311 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
312
313 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
314 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
315 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
316 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
317 #
318 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
319 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
320 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
321 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
322 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
323 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
324 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
325 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
326 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
327 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
328
329 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):
330 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
331 #
332 # (1)
333 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
334 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
335 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
336 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
337 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
338 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
339 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
340 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
341 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
342 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
343 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
344 # could well have ignored any such mandate.
345 #
346 # (2)
347 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
348 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
349 # [undated and unknown publication location]
367 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
368 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
369 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
370 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
371 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
372 #
373 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
374 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
375 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
376 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
377 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
378 #
379 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
380 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
381 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
382 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
383 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
384 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
385 #
386 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
387 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
388 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
389 #
390 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
391 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai.
392 # most of China
393 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
394 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
395 #
396 # Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07
397 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
398 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
399 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong
400 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
401 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
402 #
403 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
404 # This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with
405 # current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that
406 # disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here.
407 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
408 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
409 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
410 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
411 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
412 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
413 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
414 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
415 #
416 # Kunlun Time UT +05:30
417 # This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above).
418 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
419 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
420 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
421 # and Yarkand.
422
423 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
424 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
425 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
426 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
427 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
428 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
429 #
430 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
431 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
432 # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
433 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
434 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
435 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
436 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
437 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
498 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
499 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
500 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
501 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
502 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
503 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
504 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
505 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
506 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
507 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
508 # +08 mandate back then.
509
510 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
511 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
512 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
513 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
514 8:00 PRC C%sT
515 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
516 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
517 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
518 6:00 - +06
519
520
521 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
522
523 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
524
525 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
526 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
527 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
528 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
529 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
530 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
531 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
532 # obtained from
533 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
534
535 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
536 # Here are the dates given at
537 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
538 # as of 2009-10-28:
717 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
718 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
719 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
720 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
721 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
722 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
723 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
724 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
725 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
726 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
727 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
728 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
729 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
730 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
731 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
732 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
733
734 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
735 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
736 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
737 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1
738 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
739 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
740
741 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
742 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
743 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
744 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 S
745 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
746 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
747 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
748 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 S
749 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
750 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 S
751 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
752 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
753 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 S
754 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 D
755 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
756 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
757 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
758 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
759 8:00 Macau C%sT
760
761
762 ###############################################################################
763
764 # Cyprus
765
766 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
767 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
768
769 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
770 # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
771 # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
772 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
773 #
774 # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
775 # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
776 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
777
778 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
779 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
780 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
781 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
782 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
783 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
784 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
785 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
786 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
787 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
788 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
789 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
790 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
791 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
792 Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
793 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
794 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8
795 3:00 - +03
796
797 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
798 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
799 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
800
801 # Georgia
802 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
803 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
804 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
805 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
806 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
807 #
808 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
809 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
810 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
811 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
812 #
813 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
814 #
815 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
855 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
856 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
857 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
858 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
859 # conflicts with their way of life.
860
861 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
862 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
863 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
864
865 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
866 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
867 # (2000-08-16):
868 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
869 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
870 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
871 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
872
873 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
874 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
875 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00
876 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3
877 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00
878 9:00 - +09
879
880 # India
881
882 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
883 # http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
884 # (2015-12-22):
885 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
886 # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of
887 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this
888 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century.
889
890 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
891 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
892 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
893 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
894 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
895 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
896 5:30 - IST
897 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
898 # Andaman Is
899 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
900 # Nicobar Is
901
902 # Indonesia
903 #
904 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
905 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
906 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
907 #
908 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
909 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
910 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
911 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
912 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
913 #
914 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
915 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
926 #
927 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
928 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
929 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
930 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
931 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
932 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
933 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
934 # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
935 #
936 # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
937 # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
938 # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
939 #
940 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
941 # Java, Sumatra
942 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
943 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
944 # but this must be a typo.
945 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
946 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov
947 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23
948 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
949 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
950 8:00 - +08 1950 May
951 7:30 - +0730 1964
952 7:00 - WIB
953 # west and central Borneo
954 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
955 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
956 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29
957 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
958 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
959 8:00 - +08 1950 May
960 7:30 - +0730 1964
961 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
962 7:00 - WIB
963 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
964 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
965 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
966 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9
967 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
968 8:00 - WITA
969 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
970 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
971 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1
972 9:30 - +0930 1964
973 9:00 - WIT
974
975 # Iran
976
977 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
978 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
979 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
980 #
981 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
982 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
983 #
984 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
985 #
986 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
987 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
988 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
989 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
990 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
991 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
992 #
993 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
994 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
995 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
996 # Shahrivar.
997 #
998 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
999 #
1000 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
1001 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
1002 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
1003 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
1004 #
1005 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
1006 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
1007 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
1008 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
1009 # plan to change that law....
1010 #
1011 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1012 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
1013 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
1014 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
1015 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
1016 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
1017 #
1018 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
1019 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1020 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1021 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1022 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1023 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1090 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1091 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1092 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1093 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1094 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1095 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1096 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1097 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1098 #
1099 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
1100 # These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
1101 # restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
1102 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
1103 # possibly Iran will change the rules first.
1104 Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1105 Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1106
1107 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1108 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
1109 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
1110 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov
1111 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979
1112 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430
1113
1114
1115 # Iraq
1116 #
1117 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1118 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1119 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1120 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1121 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1122 #
1123 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1124 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1125 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
1126 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
1127 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1128 #
1129 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1130
1131 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1132 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1135 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1136 #
1137 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1138 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1139
1140 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1141 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1142 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1143 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1144 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1145 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
1146 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
1147 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
1148 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1149 #
1150 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
1151 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
1152 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1153 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1154 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1155 3:00 - +03 1982 May
1156 3:00 Iraq +03/+04
1157
1158
1159 ###############################################################################
1160
1161 # Israel
1162
1163 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1164 #
1165 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1166 # different abbreviations in use:
1167 #
1168 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1169 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1170 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1171 #
1172 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1173 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1174 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1175 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1176 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1435 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
1436 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1437 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1438 # standard....
1439 #
1440 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1441 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1442
1443 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1444 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1445 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1446 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1447 #
1448 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1449 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1450 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1451 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1452
1453 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1454 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1455 9:00 Japan J%sT
1456 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1457
1458 # Jordan
1459 #
1460 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1461 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1462 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1463 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1464 # all year round.
1465 #
1466 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1467 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1468 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1469 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1470 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1471 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1472 #
1473 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1474 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1552 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1553 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1554 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1555 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1556 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1557
1558
1559 # Kazakhstan
1560
1561 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
1562 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
1563 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1564 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1565 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1566 #
1567 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1568 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1569 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1570 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1571 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1572 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū,
1573 # Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1574 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1575 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1576
1577 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
1578 # Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
1579 # produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
1580 #
1581 # 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
1582 # from 1991-02-04 No. 20
1583 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
1584 # removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
1585 # starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
1586 # It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
1587 # Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
1588 #
1589 # The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
1590 # of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
1591 # of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
1592 # text.
1593 #
1594 # According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
1595 # (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
1596 # http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
1597 # transition to "summer" time:
1603 # of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
1604 # Other territories were to not move clocks.
1605 # When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
1606 # moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
1607 # Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
1608 #
1609 # Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
1610 # was one of such changes.
1611 #
1612 # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время
1613 # claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
1614 # Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
1615 # were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
1616 # forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
1617 # (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
1618 # article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
1619 # move clocks.)
1620 #
1621 # This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
1622 # the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
1623 # to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth
1624 # time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
1625 #
1626 # 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1627 # from 1992-01-13 No. 28
1628 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
1629 # (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
1630 # introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
1631 # 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated
1632 # according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
1633 # on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
1634 # 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
1635 # located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
1636 # border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk
1637 # oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth
1638 # time belt).
1639 #
1640 # This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
1641 # Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from
1642 # +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk)....
1643 #
1644 # 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1645 # from 1992-03-27 No. 284
1646 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
1647 # cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts
1648 # since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
1649 # and the fifth time belts respectively.
1650 #
1651 # 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1652 # from 1994-09-23 No. 384
1653 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
1654 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū
1655 # oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
1656 # the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
1657 # result)....
1658 #
1659 # 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1660 # from 1996-05-08 No. 575
1661 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
1662 # amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
1663 # of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
1664 #
1665 # 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1666 # from 1999-03-26 No. 305
1667 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
1668 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the
1669 # last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
1670 # time belt.
1671 #
1672 # This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05....
1673 #
1674 # 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1675 # from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
1676 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
1677 # replaces the previous five documents.
1678 #
1679 # The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
1680 # fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling
1681 # and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
1682 # probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast
1683 # (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast
1684 # from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
1685 # fourth time belt (no change in practice).
1686 #
1687 # 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1688 # from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
1689 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
1690 # modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently.
1691 #
1692 # 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1693 # from 2004-07-20 No. 775
1694 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
1695 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into
1696 # the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
1697 # using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
1698 # zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented
1699 # during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
1700 # amended before implementation happened.
1701 #
1702 # 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1703 # from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
1704 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
1705 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
1706 # (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
1707 # 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan,
1708 # Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks
1709 # during the 2004 transition to "winter" time.
1710 #
1711 # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no
1712 # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
1713 # +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
1714 # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....
1715 #
1716 # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1717 # from 2005-03-15 No. 231
1718 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
1719 # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
1720 # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
1721 # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
1722 # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
1723 # time.
1724 #
1725 # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
1726 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
1727 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
1728 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
1729
1730 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08):
1731 # Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay
1732 # oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone.
1733 # (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations
1734 # according to wikipedia.)
1735 #
1736 # [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/
1737 # suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on
1738 # 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand
1739 # how that could happen....
1740 #
1741 # [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree
1742 # (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html
1743 # and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in
1744 # the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
1745
1746 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
1747 # The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted.
1748
1749 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1750 #
1751 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1752 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
1753 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
1754 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1755 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
1756 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1757 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1758 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1759 6:00 - +06
1760 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
1761 # This currently includes Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS);
1762 # see comments below.
1763 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1764 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1765 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1766 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1767 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1768 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1769 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1770 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1771 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1772 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1773 6:00 - +06
1774 # The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one
1775 # hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29. The 1991/2 rules for
1776 # Qostanay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
1777 # reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now.
1778 #Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
1779 # 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1780 # 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1781 # 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1782 # 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1783 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1784 # 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1785 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1786 # 6:00 - +06
1787 #
1788 # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
1789 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1790 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1791 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1792 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1793 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1794 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1795 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1796 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1797 5:00 - +05
1798 # Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
1799 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1800 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1801 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1802 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1803 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
1804 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1805 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1806 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1807 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
1808 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1809 5:00 - +05
1810 # Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
1811 # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
1812 Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2
1813 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
1814 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
1815 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1816 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1817 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1818 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s
1819 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1820 5:00 - +05
1821 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
1822 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1823 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1824 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1825 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
1826 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1827 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1828 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1829 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1830 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1831 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1832 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1833 5:00 - +05
1834
1835 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1836 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1837
1838 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1839 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1840 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
1841 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1842 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1843 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1844 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1845 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1911 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1912 #
1913 # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
1914 # have no information otherwise.
1915
1916 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
1917 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
1918 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
1919 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
1920 #
1921 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
1922 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
1923 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
1924 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
1925 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
1926 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
1927
1928 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1929 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1930 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1931 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1932 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1933 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1934 9:00 ROK K%sT
1935 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1936 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1937 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
1938 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
1939 8:30 - KST
1940
1941 ###############################################################################
1942
1943 # Kuwait
1944 # See Asia/Riyadh.
1945
1946 # Laos
1947 # See Asia/Bangkok.
1948
1949
1950 # Lebanon
1951 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1952 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1953 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1954 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1955 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1956 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1971 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1972 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1973 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1974 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1975 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1976 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1977 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1978 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1979
1980 # Malaysia
1981 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1982 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1983 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1984 #
1985 # peninsular Malaysia
1986 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1987 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
1988 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1989 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1990 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1991 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
1992 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
1993 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
1994 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
1995 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
1996 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
1997 8:00 - +08
1998 # Sabah & Sarawak
1999 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
2000 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
2001 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
2002 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2003 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
2004 7:30 - +0730 1933
2005 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16
2006 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2007 8:00 - +08
2008
2009 # Maldives
2010 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2011 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
2012 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
2013 5:00 - +05
2014
2015 # Mongolia
2016
2017 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
2018 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
2019 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
2020
2021 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
2022 # General Information Mongolia
2023 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
2024 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
2025 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
2026 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
2027 # eight hours."
2028
2029 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
2030 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
2031 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
2032 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
2033 # of implementation may have been different....
2120 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
2121 # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
2122 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
2123 # September daylight saving time ends. Source:
2124 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
2125
2126 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2127 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2128 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2129 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
2130 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
2131 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
2132 #
2133 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
2134 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
2135 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
2136 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
2137 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
2138 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
2139
2140 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09):
2141 # Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight
2142 # saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192
2143
2144 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
2145 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2146 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
2147 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2148 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
2149 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2150 Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2151 Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
2152
2153 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2154 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
2155 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
2156 6:00 - +06 1978
2157 7:00 Mongol +07/+08
2158 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
2159 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
2160 7:00 - +07 1978
2161 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
2162 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
2163 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
2164 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
2165 7:00 - +07 1978
2166 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr
2167 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31
2168 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
2169
2170 # Nepal
2171 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2172 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
2173 5:30 - +0530 1986
2174 5:45 - +0545
2175
2176 # Oman
2177 # See Asia/Dubai.
2178
2179 # Pakistan
2180
2181 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
2182 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
2183 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
2184 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
2185 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
2186 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
2187
2188 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
2189 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
2190 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
2191 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
2192 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
2193 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
2194 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
2303 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
2304 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
2305 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
2306 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
2307 #
2308 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
2309 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
2310 #
2311 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2312 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
2313
2314 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2315 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
2316 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2317 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2318 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2319 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
2320
2321 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2322 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
2323 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
2324 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
2325 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30
2326 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26
2327 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
2328
2329 # Palestine
2330
2331 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2332 #
2333 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
2334 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
2335 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
2336 #
2337 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
2338 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
2339 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
2340 # though.
2341 #
2342 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
2343 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
2344 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
2345 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
2346 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
2617 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2618 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2619 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2620 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
2621 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2622 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2623 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
2624 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2625 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
2626 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2627 Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2628 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
2629 Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2630 Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2631 Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
2632 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar lastSat 1:00 1:00 S
2633 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 -
2634
2635 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2636 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2637 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
2638 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2639 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2640 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2641 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
2642 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
2643 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
2644 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2645 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2646 2:00 - EET 2012
2647 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2648
2649 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2650 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
2651 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2652 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2653 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2654 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2655
2656 # Paracel Is
2657 # no information
2658
2659 # Philippines
2660 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
2661 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2662 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
2663 # History of the International Date Line
2664 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
2665 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2666
2667 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2668 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2669 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2670 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2671 # but no details]
2672
2673 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
2674 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
2675 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
2676 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
2677 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
2678 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
2679 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
2680
2681 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2682 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2683 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2684 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2685 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2686 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2687 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2688 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2689 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2690 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2691 8:00 Phil +08/+09 1942 May
2692 9:00 - +09 1944 Nov
2693 8:00 Phil +08/+09
2694
2695 # Qatar
2696 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2697 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2698 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
2699 3:00 - +03
2700 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
2701
2702 # Saudi Arabia
2703 #
2704 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2705 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2706 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2707 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2708 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2709 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2710 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2711 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2712 #
2713 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2714 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2715 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2716 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2717 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2718 # earlier date.
2719 #
2720 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2721 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
2722 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2723 #
2724 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2725 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2726 3:00 - +03
2727 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
2728 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
2729
2730 # Singapore
2731 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2732 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2733 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2734 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2735 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2736 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
2737 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
2738 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
2739 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
2740 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2741 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
2742 8:00 - +08
2743
2744 # Spratly Is
2745 # no information
2746
2747 # Sri Lanka
2748
2749 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2750 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
2751 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
2752 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
2753 # Shanks and Pottenger.
2754
2755 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2756 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2757 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
2758 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2759 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2760 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
2761 #
2762 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2781
2782 # From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
2783 # According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
2784 # Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
2785 # standard time is SLST.
2786 #
2787 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
2788 # "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
2789 # zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of
2790 # it in the International Business Times of India in February and
2791 # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
2792 # since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
2793 # other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
2794 # even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
2795 # switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
2796
2797 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2798 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2799 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2800 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5
2801 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep
2802 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2803 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00
2804 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2805 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2806 5:30 - +0530
2807
2808 # Syria
2809 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2810 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2811 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2812 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2813 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2814 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2815 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2816 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2817 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2818 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2819 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2820 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2821 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2822 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2964 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2965 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2966
2967 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2968 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2969 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2970
2971 # Tajikistan
2972 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2973 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2974 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2975 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2976 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2977 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2978 5:00 - +05
2979
2980 # Thailand
2981 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2982 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2983 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2984 7:00 - +07
2985 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
2986 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
2987
2988 # Turkmenistan
2989 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2990 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2991 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2992 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2993 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2994 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2995 5:00 - +05
2996
2997 # United Arab Emirates
2998 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2999 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
3000 4:00 - +04
3001 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
3002
3003 # Uzbekistan
3004 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
3005 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3006 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
3007 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
3008 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
3009 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
3010 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
3011 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
3012 5:00 - +05
3013 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
3014 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
3015 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
3016 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3017 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
3018 5:00 - +05
3019
3020 # Vietnam
3053 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
3054 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
3055 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
3056 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
3057 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
3058 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
3059 #
3060 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
3061 #
3062 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
3063 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
3064 #
3065 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
3066 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
3067 #
3068 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
3069 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
3070
3071 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3072 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
3073 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT
3074 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
3075 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
3076 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
3077 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
3078 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1
3079 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00
3080 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13
3081 7:00 - +07
3082
3083 # Yemen
3084 # See Asia/Riyadh.
|