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6870 Update zoneinfo to 2016c
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Reviewed by: Igor Kozhukhov <ikozhukhov@gmail.com>
    
      
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          --- old/usr/src/cmd/zic/northamerica
          +++ new/usr/src/cmd/zic/northamerica
   1    1  # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
   2    2  # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
   3    3  
   4    4  # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
   5    5  
   6    6  # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
   7    7  # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
   8    8  # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
   9    9  # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
  10   10  
  11   11  # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
  12   12  # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  13   13  # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  14   14  
  15   15  ###############################################################################
  16   16  
  17   17  # United States
  18   18  
  19   19  # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
  20   20  # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
  21   21  # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
  22   22  # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
  23   23  # His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
  24   24  # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
  25   25  # in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
  26   26  # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
  27   27  # His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
  28   28  # and the most of the country soon followed suit.
  29   29  
  30   30  # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
  31   31  # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
  32   32  # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
  33   33  
  34   34  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
  35   35  # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
  36   36  # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
  37   37  # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
  38   38  # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
  39   39  # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
  40   40  
  41   41  # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
  42   42  # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
  43   43  # in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
  44   44  # of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
  45   45  # Not everyone is happy with the results:
  46   46  #
  47   47  #       I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
  48   48  #       agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
  49   49  #       daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
  50   50  #       I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
  51   51  #       valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen.  As an admirer
  52   52  #       of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
  53   53  #       reduce my time for enjoying it.  At the back of the Daylight Saving
  54   54  #       scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
  55   55  #       to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
  56   56  #       them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
  57   57  #
  58   58  #        -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
  59   59  #          Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
  60   60  #
  61   61  # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
  62   62  # Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
  63   63  # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
  64   64  # http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
  65   65  #
  66   66  # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
  67   67  # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
  68   68  # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
  69   69  # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
  70   70  
  71   71  # From Arthur David Olson:
  72   72  # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
  73   73  # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
  74   74  # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
  75   75  
  76   76  # From Arthur David Olson:
  77   77  # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
  78   78  # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
  79   79  
  80   80  # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
  81   81  # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
  82   82  # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
  83   83  # An AltaVista search turned up:
  84   84  # http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
  85   85  # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
  86   86  # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
  87   87  # (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
  88   88  
  89   89  # From Joseph Gallant citing
  90   90  # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
  91   91  # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
  92   92  # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
  93   93  # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
  94   94  # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
  95   95  # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
  96   96  # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
  97   97  # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
  98   98  
  99   99  # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout.  From
 100  100  # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
 101  101  #
 102  102  # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
 103  103  # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
 104  104  # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
 105  105  # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
 106  106  # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
 107  107  # importance."
 108  108  #
 109  109  # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
 110  110  # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
 111  111  # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
 112  112  # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
 113  113  #
 114  114  # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
 115  115  
 116  116  # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
 117  117  # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
 118  118  # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
 119  119  # U.S. government action.  So even though the "US" rules have changed
 120  120  # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
 121  121  
 122  122  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 123  123  Rule    US      1918    1919    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 124  124  Rule    US      1918    1919    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 125  125  Rule    US      1942    only    -       Feb     9       2:00    1:00    W # War
 126  126  Rule    US      1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
 127  127  Rule    US      1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 128  128  Rule    US      1967    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 129  129  Rule    US      1967    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 130  130  Rule    US      1974    only    -       Jan     6       2:00    1:00    D
 131  131  Rule    US      1975    only    -       Feb     23      2:00    1:00    D
 132  132  Rule    US      1976    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 133  133  Rule    US      1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
 134  134  Rule    US      2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
 135  135  Rule    US      2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S
 136  136  
 137  137  # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
 138  138  # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
 139  139  # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
 140  140  # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
 141  141  # this time zone package.
 142  142  # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
 143  143  # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
 144  144  # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
 145  145  # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
 146  146  # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
 147  147  
 148  148  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 149  149  Zone    EST              -5:00  -       EST
 150  150  Zone    MST              -7:00  -       MST
 151  151  Zone    HST             -10:00  -       HST
 152  152  Zone    EST5EDT          -5:00  US      E%sT
 153  153  Zone    CST6CDT          -6:00  US      C%sT
 154  154  Zone    MST7MDT          -7:00  US      M%sT
 155  155  Zone    PST8PDT          -8:00  US      P%sT
 156  156  
 157  157  # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 158  158  # ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
 159  159  #    old                         new
 160  160  #    Pacific Standard Time(PST)  -same-
 161  161  #    Yukon Standard Time(YST)    -same-
 162  162  #    Central Alaska S.T. (CAT)   Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
 163  163  #    Nome Standard Time (NT)     Bering Standard Time (BST)
 164  164  #
 165  165  # ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
 166  166  #    The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
 167  167  #    of the Aleutian islands.   No DST.
 168  168  
 169  169  # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 170  170  # The tables below use 'NST', not 'NT', for Nome Standard Time.
 171  171  # I invented 'CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
 172  172  
 173  173  # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 174  174  # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
 175  175  # USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 176  176  # USA  CENTRAL       6 H  BEHIND UTC    CHICAGO, HOUSTON
 177  177  # USA  CENTRAL       5 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 178  178  # USA  MOUNTAIN      7 H  BEHIND UTC    DENVER
 179  179  # USA  MOUNTAIN      6 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 180  180  # USA  PACIFIC       8 H  BEHIND UTC    L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
 181  181  # USA  PACIFIC       7 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 182  182  # USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
 183  183  # USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
 184  184  # USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
 185  185  # USA    "           9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 186  186  # USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
 187  187  # USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY
 188  188  
 189  189  # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
 190  190  # The above dates are for 1988.
 191  191  # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
 192  192  # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
 193  193  # Aleutians.
 194  194  
 195  195  # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 196  196  # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
 197  197  # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward.  First, names
 198  198  # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
 199  199  # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
 200  200  #       (none)
 201  201  #       United States standard eastern time
 202  202  #       United States standard mountain time
 203  203  #       United States standard central time
 204  204  #       United States standard Pacific time
 205  205  #       (none)
 206  206  #       United States standard Alaska time
 207  207  #       (none)
 208  208  # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
 209  209  # public law 98-181):
 210  210  #       Atlantic standard time
 211  211  #       eastern standard time
 212  212  #       central standard time
 213  213  #       mountain standard time
 214  214  #       Pacific standard time
 215  215  #       Yukon standard time
 216  216  #       Alaska-Hawaii standard time
 217  217  #       Bering standard time
 218  218  # And after 1983-11-30:
 219  219  #       Atlantic standard time
 220  220  #       eastern standard time
 221  221  #       central standard time
 222  222  #       mountain standard time
 223  223  #       Pacific standard time
 224  224  #       Alaska standard time
 225  225  #       Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
 226  226  #       Samoa standard time
 227  227  # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
 228  228  #
 229  229  # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
 230  230  # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced ... "Chamorro Standard Time"
 231  231  # for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.  See the file "australasia".
 232  232  #
 233  233  # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-17):
 234  234  # HST and HDT are standardized abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian
 235  235  # standard and daylight times.  See section 9.47 (p 234) of the
 236  236  # U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008)
 237  237  # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008/pdf/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008.pdf
 238  238  
 239  239  # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
 240  240  # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
 241  241  #
 242  242  # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
 243  243  #   (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
 244  244  #   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
 245  245  #     (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
 246  246  #     Sunday of March"; and
 247  247  #     (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
 248  248  #     Sunday of November'.
 249  249  #   (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
 250  250  #   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
 251  251  #   (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
 252  252  #   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
 253  253  #   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
 254  254  #   States.
 255  255  #   (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
 256  256  #   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
 257  257  #   Department study is complete.
 258  258  
 259  259  # US eastern time, represented by New York
 260  260  
 261  261  # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
 262  262  # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
 263  263  # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
 264  264  # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
 265  265  # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
 266  266  # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
 267  267  
 268  268  # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
 269  269  # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
 270  270  # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
 271  271  # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
 272  272  # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
 273  273  # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
 274  274  
 275  275  # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
 276  276  # According to today's Huntsville Times
 277  277  # http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
 278  278  # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
 279  279  # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
 280  280  # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
 281  281  # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
 282  282  # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
 283  283  # in Columbus."
 284  284  
 285  285  # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
 286  286  # Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
 287  287  # says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
 288  288  # Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch.  Round to the
 289  289  # nearest second.
 290  290  
 291  291  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 292  292  Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 293  293  Rule    NYC     1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 294  294  Rule    NYC     1921    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 295  295  Rule    NYC     1921    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 296  296  Rule    NYC     1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 297  297  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 298  298  Zone America/New_York   -4:56:02 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
 299  299                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1920
 300  300                          -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1942
 301  301                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1946
 302  302                          -5:00   NYC     E%sT    1967
 303  303                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 304  304  
 305  305  # US central time, represented by Chicago
 306  306  
 307  307  # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
 308  308  # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
 309  309  # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
 310  310  # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 311  311  # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
 312  312  # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
 313  313  # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
 314  314  # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
 315  315  
 316  316  # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
 317  317  # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
  
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 318  318  # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change.  Because the local
 319  319  # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
 320  320  # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
 321  321  # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
 322  322  #
 323  323  # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
 324  324  # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
 325  325  # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
 326  326  # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
 327  327  
      328 +# From an email administrator of the City of Fort Pierre, SD (2015-12-21):
      329 +# Fort Pierre is technically located in the Mountain time zone as is
      330 +# the rest of Stanley County.  Most of Stanley County and Fort Pierre
      331 +# uses the Central time zone due to doing most of their business in
      332 +# Pierre so it simplifies schedules.  I have lived in Stanley County
      333 +# all my life and it has been that way since I can remember.  (43 years!)
      334 +#
      335 +# From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25):
      336 +# Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago.
      337 +
 328  338  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 329  339  Rule    Chicago 1920    only    -       Jun     13      2:00    1:00    D
 330  340  Rule    Chicago 1920    1921    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 331  341  Rule    Chicago 1921    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 332  342  Rule    Chicago 1922    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 333  343  Rule    Chicago 1922    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 334  344  Rule    Chicago 1955    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 335  345  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 336  346  Zone America/Chicago    -5:50:36 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
 337  347                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
 338  348                          -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1936 Mar  1  2:00
 339  349                          -5:00   -       EST     1936 Nov 15  2:00
 340  350                          -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1942
 341  351                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 342  352                          -6:00   Chicago C%sT    1967
 343  353                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 344  354  # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
 345  355  Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
 346  356                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1992 Oct 25  2:00
 347  357                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 348  358  # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
 349  359  # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
 350  360  # See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
 351  361  # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
 352  362  # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
 353  363  # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
 354  364  # See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
 355  365  Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT      1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
 356  366                          -7:00   US      M%sT    2003 Oct 26  2:00
 357  367                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 358  368  
 359  369  # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
 360  370  # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
 361  371  # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
 362  372  # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
 363  373  # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
 364  374  # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
 365  375  
 366  376  # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
 367  377  # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
 368  378  # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
 369  379  # largest city in Mercer County).  Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
 370  380  # at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset
 371  381  # of 6h47'07".
 372  382  
 373  383  Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
 374  384                          -7:00   US      M%sT    2010 Nov  7  2:00
 375  385                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 376  386  
 377  387  # US mountain time, represented by Denver
 378  388  #
 379  389  # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
 380  390  # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
 381  391  # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
 382  392  # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
 383  393  # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
 384  394  #
 385  395  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 386  396  Rule    Denver  1920    1921    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 387  397  Rule    Denver  1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 388  398  Rule    Denver  1921    only    -       May     22      2:00    0       S
 389  399  Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 390  400  Rule    Denver  1965    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 391  401  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 392  402  Zone America/Denver     -6:59:56 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
 393  403                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1920
 394  404                          -7:00   Denver  M%sT    1942
 395  405                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1946
 396  406                          -7:00   Denver  M%sT    1967
 397  407                          -7:00   US      M%sT
 398  408  
 399  409  # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
 400  410  #
 401  411  # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
 402  412  # Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
 403  413  # north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
 404  414  # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern 3/4 of
 405  415  # Malheur county), and Washington
 406  416  #
 407  417  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 408  418  Rule    CA      1948    only    -       Mar     14      2:00    1:00    D
 409  419  Rule    CA      1949    only    -       Jan      1      2:00    0       S
 410  420  Rule    CA      1950    1966    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 411  421  Rule    CA      1950    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 412  422  Rule    CA      1962    1966    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 413  423  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 414  424  Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -     LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 415  425                          -8:00   US      P%sT    1946
 416  426                          -8:00   CA      P%sT    1967
 417  427                          -8:00   US      P%sT
 418  428  
 419  429  # Alaska
 420  430  # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
 421  431  #
 422  432  # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 423  433  # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
 424  434  # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
 425  435  # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
 426  436  # also a Friday.  Include only the time zone part of this transition,
 427  437  # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
 428  438  # the Julian calendar.
 429  439  #
 430  440  # As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
 431  441  # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
 432  442  # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
 433  443  # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  However, there
 434  444  # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
 435  445  # it's best to simply use the official transition.
 436  446  
 437  447  # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
 438  448  # One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
 439  449  # daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
 440  450  # "Welcome to Juneau.  Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
 441  451  # See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
 442  452  # http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
 443  453  #
 444  454  # Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
 445  455  # Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
 446  456  # Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
 447  457  # http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
 448  458  
 449  459  # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
 450  460  # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
 451  461  #
 452  462  # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
 453  463  # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
 454  464  # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
 455  465  # Pacific Time.
 456  466  #
 457  467  # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
 458  468  # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
 459  469  # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
 460  470  #
 461  471  # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
 462  472  # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
 463  473  #
 464  474  # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
 465  475  # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
 466  476  #
 467  477  # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
 468  478  # Nation.)
 469  479  
 470  480  # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
 471  481  # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
 472  482  # Community office (using contact information available at
 473  483  # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
  
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 474  484  # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
 475  485  # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
 476  486  # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
 477  487  # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
 478  488  # did not inquire about practices in the past.
 479  489  
 480  490  # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
 481  491  # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
 482  492  # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
 483  493  
      494 +# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09):
      495 +# It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing
      496 +# their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching
      497 +# between AKST and AKDT from now on....
      498 +# http://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/
      499 +
 484  500  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 485  501  Zone America/Juneau      15:02:19 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 486  502                           -8:57:41 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 487  503                           -8:00  -       PST     1942
 488  504                           -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 489  505                           -8:00  -       PST     1969
 490  506                           -8:00  US      P%sT    1980 Apr 27  2:00
 491  507                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1980 Oct 26  2:00
 492  508                           -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 493  509                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 494  510                           -9:00  US      AK%sT
 495  511  Zone America/Sitka       14:58:47 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 496  512                           -9:01:13 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 497  513                           -8:00  -       PST     1942
 498  514                           -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
  
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 499  515                           -8:00  -       PST     1969
 500  516                           -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 501  517                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 502  518                           -9:00  US      AK%sT
 503  519  Zone America/Metlakatla  15:13:42 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 504  520                           -8:46:18 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 505  521                           -8:00  -       PST     1942
 506  522                           -8:00  US      P%sT    1946
 507  523                           -8:00  -       PST     1969
 508  524                           -8:00  US      P%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 509      -                         -8:00  -       PST
      525 +                         -8:00  -       PST     2015 Nov  1  2:00
      526 +                         -9:00  US      AK%sT
 510  527  Zone America/Yakutat     14:41:05 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 511  528                           -9:18:55 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 512  529                           -9:00  -       YST     1942
 513  530                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1946
 514  531                           -9:00  -       YST     1969
 515  532                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 516  533                           -9:00  US      AK%sT
 517  534  Zone America/Anchorage   14:00:24 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 518  535                           -9:59:36 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 519  536                          -10:00  -       CAT     1942
 520  537                          -10:00  US      CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
 521  538                          -10:00  US      CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
 522  539                          -10:00  -       CAT     1967 Apr
 523  540                          -10:00  -       AHST    1969
 524  541                          -10:00  US      AH%sT   1983 Oct 30  2:00
 525  542                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 526  543                           -9:00  US      AK%sT
 527  544  Zone America/Nome        12:58:21 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 528  545                          -11:01:38 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 529  546                          -11:00  -       NST     1942
 530  547                          -11:00  US      N%sT    1946
 531  548                          -11:00  -       NST     1967 Apr
 532  549                          -11:00  -       BST     1969
 533  550                          -11:00  US      B%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 534  551                           -9:00  US      Y%sT    1983 Nov 30
 535  552                           -9:00  US      AK%sT
 536  553  Zone America/Adak        12:13:21 -     LMT     1867 Oct 18
 537  554                          -11:46:38 -     LMT     1900 Aug 20 12:00
 538  555                          -11:00  -       NST     1942
 539  556                          -11:00  US      N%sT    1946
 540  557                          -11:00  -       NST     1967 Apr
 541  558                          -11:00  -       BST     1969
 542  559                          -11:00  US      B%sT    1983 Oct 30  2:00
 543  560                          -10:00  US      AH%sT   1983 Nov 30
 544  561                          -10:00  US      H%sT
 545  562  # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
 546  563  #
 547  564  # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
 548  565  # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
 549  566  # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
 550  567  #
 551  568  # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
 552  569  # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
 553  570  # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
 554  571  # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
 555  572  # possibly until 1983:
 556  573  #
 557  574  #  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
 558  575  #  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
 559  576  #  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
 560  577  #  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
 561  578  #  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
 562  579  #  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
 563  580  #  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
 564  581  #  three votes for and one against."
 565  582  
 566  583  # Hawaii
 567  584  
 568  585  # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
 569  586  # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
 570  587  # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
 571  588  # the article is available at
 572  589  # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
 573  590  # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
 574  591  # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
 575  592  # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
 576  593  # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
 577  594  # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
 578  595  # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
 579  596  # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
 580  597  # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
 581  598  # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
 582  599  # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
 583  600  # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
 584  601  
 585  602  # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
 586  603  # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
 587  604  # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
 588  605  # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
 589  606  # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
 590  607  # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
 591  608  # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
 592  609  # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
 593  610  # Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
 594  611  # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
 595  612  # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
 596  613  # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
 597  614  # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
 598  615  # of the Territory of Hawaii."
 599  616  #
 600  617  # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
 601  618  # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
 602  619  
 603  620  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 604  621  Zone Pacific/Honolulu   -10:31:26 -     LMT     1896 Jan 13 12:00
 605  622                          -10:30  -       HST     1933 Apr 30  2:00
 606  623                          -10:30  1:00    HDT     1933 May 21 12:00
 607  624                          -10:30  -       HST     1942 Feb  9  2:00
 608  625                          -10:30  1:00    HDT     1945 Sep 30  2:00
 609  626                          -10:30  -       HST     1947 Jun  8  2:00
 610  627                          -10:00  -       HST
 611  628  Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
 612  629  
 613  630  # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
 614  631  
 615  632  # Arizona mostly uses MST.
 616  633  
 617  634  # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
 618  635  #
 619  636  # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
 620  637  # Daylight Saving Time web page
 621  638  # <http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm> (2002-01-23)
 622  639  # maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
 623  640  # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
 624  641  # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
 625  642  # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
 626  643  # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time.  The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
 627  644  # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
 628  645  # the date the state's clocks would change.  In 1945 the State of
 629  646  # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
 630  647  # mandated by federal law.  Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
 631  648  # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
 632  649  #
 633  650  # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
 634  651  # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
 635  652  
 636  653  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 637  654  Zone America/Phoenix    -7:28:18 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
 638  655                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Jan  1  0:01
 639  656                          -7:00   -       MST     1944 Apr  1  0:01
 640  657                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1944 Oct  1  0:01
 641  658                          -7:00   -       MST     1967
 642  659                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1968 Mar 21
 643  660                          -7:00   -       MST
 644  661  # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 645  662  # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
 646  663  # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
 647  664  # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
 648  665  # large size and location in three states."  (The "only" means that other
 649  666  # tribal nations don't use DST.)
 650  667  #
 651  668  # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
 652  669  # See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
 653  670  
 654  671  # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
 655  672  # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
 656  673  # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
 657  674  # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
 658  675  # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
 659  676  # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
 660  677  # switched four weeks late in 1974.
 661  678  #
 662  679  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 663  680  Zone America/Boise      -7:44:49 -      LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
 664  681                          -8:00   US      P%sT    1923 May 13  2:00
 665  682                          -7:00   US      M%sT    1974
 666  683                          -7:00   -       MST     1974 Feb  3  2:00
 667  684                          -7:00   US      M%sT
 668  685  
 669  686  # Indiana
 670  687  #
 671  688  # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
 672  689  # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
 673  690  #
 674  691  # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 675  692  # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
 676  693  # with the following exceptions:
 677  694  #
 678  695  # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 679  696  #   Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
 680  697  #
 681  698  # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
 682  699  #
 683  700  # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
 684  701  #   America/Kentucky/Louisville.
 685  702  #
 686  703  # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
 687  704  #   and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
 688  705  #
 689  706  # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
 690  707  # and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
 691  708  # Those Hoosiers!  Such a flighty and changeable people!
 692  709  # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 693  710  #
 694  711  # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
 695  712  # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
 696  713  # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
 697  714  
 698  715  # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
 699  716  # https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
 700  717  # says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
 701  718  # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
 702  719  # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
 703  720  # this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
 704  721  # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
 705  722  # Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
 706  723  # clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error.  The intent
 707  724  # was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
 708  725  
 709  726  # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
 710  727  # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
 711  728  # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
 712  729  # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
 713  730  
 714  731  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 715  732  Rule Indianapolis 1941  only    -       Jun     22      2:00    1:00    D
 716  733  Rule Indianapolis 1941  1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 717  734  Rule Indianapolis 1946  1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 718  735  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 719  736  Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT        1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
 720  737                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1920
 721  738                          -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
 722  739                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 723  740                          -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24  2:00
 724  741                          -5:00   -       EST     1957 Sep 29  2:00
 725  742                          -6:00   -       CST     1958 Apr 27  2:00
 726  743                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 727  744                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 728  745                          -5:00   -       EST     2006
 729  746                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 730  747  #
 731  748  # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
 732  749  # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
 733  750  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 734  751  Rule    Marengo 1951    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 735  752  Rule    Marengo 1951    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 736  753  Rule    Marengo 1954    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 737  754  Rule    Marengo 1954    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 738  755  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 739  756  Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
 740  757                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1951
 741  758                          -6:00   Marengo C%sT    1961 Apr 30  2:00
 742  759                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 743  760                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6  2:00
 744  761                          -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27  2:00
 745  762                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1976
 746  763                          -5:00   -       EST     2006
 747  764                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 748  765  #
 749  766  # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
 750  767  # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
 751  768  # in November 2007.
 752  769  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 753  770  Rule Vincennes  1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 754  771  Rule Vincennes  1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 755  772  Rule Vincennes  1953    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 756  773  Rule Vincennes  1953    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 757  774  Rule Vincennes  1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
 758  775  Rule Vincennes  1956    1963    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 759  776  Rule Vincennes  1960    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 760  777  Rule Vincennes  1961    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 761  778  Rule Vincennes  1962    1963    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 762  779  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 763  780  Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT   1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
 764  781                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 765  782                          -6:00 Vincennes C%sT    1964 Apr 26  2:00
 766  783                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 767  784                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 768  785                          -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 769  786                          -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Nov  4  2:00
 770  787                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 771  788  #
 772  789  # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
 773  790  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 774  791  Rule Perry      1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 775  792  Rule Perry      1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 776  793  Rule Perry      1953    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 777  794  Rule Perry      1953    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 778  795  Rule Perry      1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
 779  796  Rule Perry      1956    1963    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 780  797  Rule Perry      1960    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 781  798  Rule Perry      1961    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 782  799  Rule Perry      1962    1963    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 783  800  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 784  801  Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT   1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
 785  802                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 786  803                          -6:00 Perry     C%sT    1964 Apr 26  2:00
 787  804                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 788  805                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 789  806                          -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 790  807                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 791  808  #
 792  809  # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
 793  810  # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
 794  811  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 795  812  Rule    Pike    1955    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
 796  813  Rule    Pike    1955    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 797  814  Rule    Pike    1956    1964    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 798  815  Rule    Pike    1961    1964    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 799  816  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 800  817  Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT  1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
 801  818                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1955
 802  819                          -6:00   Pike    C%sT    1965 Apr 25  2:00
 803  820                          -5:00   -       EST     1966 Oct 30  2:00
 804  821                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1977 Oct 30  2:00
 805  822                          -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 806  823                          -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Nov  4  2:00
 807  824                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 808  825  #
 809  826  # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
 810  827  # then switched back in 2006.
 811  828  # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
 812  829  # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
 813  830  # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
 814  831  # 1991-10-27.
 815  832  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 816  833  Rule    Starke  1947    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 817  834  Rule    Starke  1947    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 818  835  Rule    Starke  1955    1956    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 819  836  Rule    Starke  1957    1958    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 820  837  Rule    Starke  1959    1961    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 821  838  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 822  839  Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 -    LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
 823  840                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1947
 824  841                          -6:00   Starke  C%sT    1962 Apr 29  2:00
 825  842                          -5:00   -       EST     1963 Oct 27  2:00
 826  843                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1991 Oct 27  2:00
 827  844                          -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 828  845                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 829  846  #
 830  847  # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
 831  848  # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
 832  849  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 833  850  Rule    Pulaski 1946    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 834  851  Rule    Pulaski 1946    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 835  852  Rule    Pulaski 1955    1956    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 836  853  Rule    Pulaski 1957    1960    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 837  854  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 838  855  Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
 839  856                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 840  857                          -6:00   Pulaski C%sT    1961 Apr 30  2:00
 841  858                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 842  859                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1971
 843  860                          -5:00   -       EST     2006 Apr  2  2:00
 844  861                          -6:00   US      C%sT    2007 Mar 11  2:00
 845  862                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 846  863  #
 847  864  # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
 848  865  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 849  866  Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 -   LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
 850  867                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1954 Apr 25  2:00
 851  868                          -5:00   -       EST     1969
 852  869                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1973
 853  870                          -5:00   -       EST     2006
 854  871                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 855  872  
 856  873  # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
 857  874  # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
 858  875  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 859  876  Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       May     1       2:00    1:00    D
 860  877  Rule Louisville 1921    only    -       Sep     1       2:00    0       S
 861  878  Rule Louisville 1941    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 862  879  Rule Louisville 1941    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 863  880  Rule Louisville 1946    only    -       Jun     2       2:00    0       S
 864  881  Rule Louisville 1950    1955    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 865  882  Rule Louisville 1956    1960    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 866  883  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 867  884  Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -     LMT     1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
 868  885                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1921
 869  886                          -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1942
 870  887                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 871  888                          -6:00 Louisville C%sT   1961 Jul 23  2:00
 872  889                          -5:00   -       EST     1968
 873  890                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1974 Jan  6  2:00
 874  891                          -6:00   1:00    CDT     1974 Oct 27  2:00
 875  892                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 876  893  #
 877  894  # Wayne County, Kentucky
 878  895  #
 879  896  # From Lake Cumberland LIFE
 880  897  # http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
 881  898  # (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
 882  899  # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
 883  900  # the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
 884  901  # the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
 885  902  # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
 886  903  # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
 887  904  # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
 888  905  # location in the Central time zone.
 889  906  #
 890  907  # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
 891  908  # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
 892  909  # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
 893  910  # (-0500) time.  They won't "fall back" this year.  See Sara Shipley,
 894  911  # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
 895  912  #
 896  913  # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
 897  914  # The final rule was published in the
 898  915  # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
 899  916  # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22
 900  917  #
 901  918  Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
 902  919                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 903  920                          -6:00   -       CST     1968
 904  921                          -6:00   US      C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
 905  922                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 906  923  
 907  924  
 908  925  # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
 909  926  # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
 910  927  # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
 911  928  #       previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
 912  929  # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
 913  930  # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
 914  931  # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
 915  932  # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
 916  933  #
 917  934  # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
 918  935  # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
 919  936  # so omit that change for now.
 920  937  # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
 921  938  # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
 922  939  # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
 923  940  # 1999-10-31.  See the
 924  941  # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
 925  942  # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15
 926  943  # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
 927  944  # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
 928  945  # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
 929  946  
 930  947  # Michigan
 931  948  #
 932  949  # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 933  950  # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
 934  951  #
 935  952  # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
 936  953  # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
 937  954  # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
 938  955  # that Detroit kept
 939  956  #
 940  957  #       local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
 941  958  #       be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
 942  959  #       city obeyed, half refused.  After considerable debate, the decision
 943  960  #       was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time.  A derisive offer to
 944  961  #       erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
 945  962  #       Committee on Sewers.  Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
 946  963  #       by city vote.
 947  964  #
 948  965  # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
 949  966  #
 950  967  # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
 951  968  # Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
 952  969  # one hour in 1914."  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
 953  970  # info, so omit this for now.
 954  971  #
 955  972  # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
 956  973  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 957  974  Rule    Detroit 1948    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 958  975  Rule    Detroit 1948    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 959  976  Rule    Detroit 1967    only    -       Jun     14      2:00    1:00    D
 960  977  Rule    Detroit 1967    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 961  978  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 962  979  Zone America/Detroit    -5:32:11 -      LMT     1905
 963  980                          -6:00   -       CST     1915 May 15  2:00
 964  981                          -5:00   -       EST     1942
 965  982                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1946
 966  983                          -5:00   Detroit E%sT    1973
 967  984                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1975
 968  985                          -5:00   -       EST     1975 Apr 27  2:00
 969  986                          -5:00   US      E%sT
 970  987  #
 971  988  # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
 972  989  # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
 973  990  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER
 974  991  Rule Menominee  1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 975  992  Rule Menominee  1946    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 976  993  Rule Menominee  1966    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
 977  994  Rule Menominee  1966    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
 978  995  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 979  996  Zone America/Menominee  -5:50:27 -      LMT     1885 Sep 18 12:00
 980  997                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1946
 981  998                          -6:00 Menominee C%sT    1969 Apr 27  2:00
 982  999                          -5:00   -       EST     1973 Apr 29  2:00
 983 1000                          -6:00   US      C%sT
 984 1001  
 985 1002  # Navassa
 986 1003  # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
 987 1004  # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
 988 1005  # also claimed by Haiti
 989 1006  # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
 990 1007  # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
 991 1008  # currently uninhabited
 992 1009  # see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
 993 1010  # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
 994 1011  # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
 995 1012  
 996 1013  ################################################################################
 997 1014  
 998 1015  
 999 1016  # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
1000 1017  #
1001 1018  # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
1002 1019  # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
1003 1020  # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1004 1021  # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
1005 1022  #
1006 1023  # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
1007 1024  # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
1008 1025  # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1009 1026  # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
1010 1027  # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
1011 1028  # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
1012 1029  #
1013 1030  # Other sources occasionally used include:
1014 1031  #
1015 1032  #       Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
1016 1033  #       Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
1017 1034  #       which I found in the UCLA library.
1018 1035  #
1019 1036  #       William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
1020 1037  #       <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
1021 1038  #       [PDF] (1914-03)
1022 1039  #
1023 1040  #       Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
1024 1041  #       <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
1025 1042  #
1026 1043  # See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
1027 1044  
1028 1045  # Canada
1029 1046  
1030 1047  # From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
1031 1048  # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
1032 1049  # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
1033 1050  #
1034 1051  #       UTC     Standard time   Daylight saving time
1035 1052  #       offset  French  English French  English
1036 1053  #       -2:30   -       -       HAT     NDT
1037 1054  #       -3      -       -       HAA     ADT
1038 1055  #       -3:30   HNT     NST     -       -
1039 1056  #       -4      HNA     AST     HAE     EDT
1040 1057  #       -5      HNE     EST     HAC     CDT
1041 1058  #       -6      HNC     CST     HAR     MDT
1042 1059  #       -7      HNR     MST     HAP     PDT
1043 1060  #       -8      HNP     PST     HAY     YDT
1044 1061  #       -9      HNY     YST     -       -
1045 1062  #
1046 1063  #       HN: Heure Normale       ST: Standard Time
1047 1064  #       HA: Heure Avancée      DT: Daylight saving Time
1048 1065  #
1049 1066  #       A: de l'Atlantique      Atlantic
1050 1067  #       C: du Centre            Central
1051 1068  #       E: de l'Est             Eastern
1052 1069  #       M:                      Mountain
1053 1070  #       N:                      Newfoundland
1054 1071  #       P: du Pacifique         Pacific
1055 1072  #       R: des Rocheuses
1056 1073  #       T: de Terre-Neuve
1057 1074  #       Y: du Yukon             Yukon
1058 1075  #
1059 1076  # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
1060 1077  # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
1061 1078  
1062 1079  # Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
1063 1080  # & Pottenger.
1064 1081  
1065 1082  # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
1066 1083  # 2007-03-01):
1067 1084  # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
1068 1085  # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
1069 1086  # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
1070 1087  # http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
1071 1088  # ...
1072 1089  # Nova Scotia
1073 1090  # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
1074 1091  # http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
1075 1092  #
1076 1093  # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
1077 1094  # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
1078 1095  # http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
1079 1096  # ...
1080 1097  # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
1081 1098  # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
1082 1099  # http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
1083 1100  # ...
1084 1101  # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
1085 1102  # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
1086 1103  # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
1087 1104  # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
1088 1105  # ...
1089 1106  # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
1090 1107  # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
1091 1108  # ...
1092 1109  # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
1093 1110  # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
1094 1111  # ...
1095 1112  # Yukon
1096 1113  # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
1097 1114  # ...
1098 1115  # N.W.T. will follow US rules.  Whoever maintains the government web site
1099 1116  # does not seem to believe in bookmarks.  To see the news release, click the
1100 1117  # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change".  Press the
1101 1118  # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
1102 1119  # JavaScript.
1103 1120  # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
1104 1121  # ...
1105 1122  # Nunavut
1106 1123  # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
1107 1124  # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
1108 1125  
1109 1126  # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-18):
1110 1127  # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
1111 1128  # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
1112 1129  # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
1113 1130  # contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
1114 1131  # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
1115 1132  #
1116 1133  # National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST.
1117 1134  # http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html
1118 1135  # http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5
1119 1136  # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
1120 1137  
1121 1138  # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1122 1139  # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
1123 1140  # new US DST rules,
1124 1141  
1125 1142  # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
1126 1143  # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
1127 1144  # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1128 1145  # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
1129 1146  # The quote includes these two statements:
1130 1147  # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
1131 1148  # '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
1132 1149  # These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
1133 1150  # that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918.  This transition was
1134 1151  # also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
1135 1152  
1136 1153  # In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
1137 1154  # Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
1138 1155  # than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
1139 1156  
1140 1157  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1141 1158  Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1142 1159  Rule    Canada  1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1143 1160  Rule    Canada  1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1144 1161  Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1145 1162  Rule    Canada  1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1146 1163  Rule    Canada  1974    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1147 1164  Rule    Canada  1974    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1148 1165  Rule    Canada  1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
1149 1166  Rule    Canada  2007    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
1150 1167  Rule    Canada  2007    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S
1151 1168  
1152 1169  
1153 1170  # Newfoundland and Labrador
1154 1171  
1155 1172  # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1156 1173  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
1157 1174  # but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
1158 1175  # southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
1159 1176  # but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
1160 1177  
1161 1178  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1162 1179  Rule    StJohns 1917    only    -       Apr      8      2:00    1:00    D
1163 1180  Rule    StJohns 1917    only    -       Sep     17      2:00    0       S
1164 1181  # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1165 1182  Rule    StJohns 1919    only    -       May      5      23:00   1:00    D
1166 1183  Rule    StJohns 1919    only    -       Aug     12      23:00   0       S
1167 1184  # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1168 1185  Rule    StJohns 1920    1935    -       May     Sun>=1  23:00   1:00    D
1169 1186  Rule    StJohns 1920    1935    -       Oct     lastSun 23:00   0       S
1170 1187  # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
1171 1188  # Pottenger.
1172 1189  Rule    StJohns 1936    1941    -       May     Mon>=9  0:00    1:00    D
1173 1190  Rule    StJohns 1936    1941    -       Oct     Mon>=2  0:00    0       S
1174 1191  # Whitman gives the following transitions:
1175 1192  # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
1176 1193  # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
1177 1194  # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
1178 1195  # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1179 1196  Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       May     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
1180 1197  Rule    StJohns 1946    1950    -       Oct     Sun>=2  2:00    0       S
1181 1198  Rule    StJohns 1951    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1182 1199  Rule    StJohns 1951    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1183 1200  Rule    StJohns 1960    1986    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1184 1201  # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1185 1202  # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
1186 1203  # at 00:01 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.
1187 1204  
1188 1205  # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
1189 1206  # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
1190 1207  # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
1191 1208  # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
1192 1209  # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
1193 1210  # now occurs at 2:00AM.
1194 1211  # ...
1195 1212  # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
1196 1213  # ...
1197 1214  # MICHAEL PELLEY  |  Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
1198 1215  # Office of the Chief Information Officer
1199 1216  # Executive Council
1200 1217  # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
1201 1218  
1202 1219  Rule    StJohns 1987    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:01    1:00    D
1203 1220  Rule    StJohns 1987    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:01    0       S
1204 1221  Rule    StJohns 1988    only    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:01    2:00    DD
1205 1222  Rule    StJohns 1989    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:01    1:00    D
1206 1223  Rule    StJohns 2007    2011    -       Mar     Sun>=8  0:01    1:00    D
1207 1224  Rule    StJohns 2007    2010    -       Nov     Sun>=1  0:01    0       S
1208 1225  #
1209 1226  # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1210 1227  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1211 1228  Zone America/St_Johns   -3:30:52 -      LMT     1884
1212 1229                          -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1918
1213 1230                          -3:30:52 Canada N%sT    1919
1214 1231                          -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT   1935 Mar 30
1215 1232                          -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1942 May 11
1216 1233                          -3:30   Canada  N%sT    1946
1217 1234                          -3:30   StJohns N%sT    2011 Nov
1218 1235                          -3:30   Canada  N%sT
1219 1236  
1220 1237  # most of east Labrador
1221 1238  
1222 1239  # The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
1223 1240  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1224 1241  Zone America/Goose_Bay  -4:01:40 -      LMT     1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
1225 1242                          -3:30:52 -      NST     1918
1226 1243                          -3:30:52 Canada N%sT    1919
1227 1244                          -3:30:52 -      NST     1935 Mar 30
1228 1245                          -3:30   -       NST     1936
1229 1246                          -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1942 May 11
1230 1247                          -3:30   Canada  N%sT    1946
1231 1248                          -3:30   StJohns N%sT    1966 Mar 15  2:00
1232 1249                          -4:00   StJohns A%sT    2011 Nov
1233 1250                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1234 1251  
1235 1252  
1236 1253  # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
1237 1254  
1238 1255  # From Brian Inglis (2015-07-20):
1239 1256  # From the historical weather station records available at:
1240 1257  # https://weatherspark.com/history/28351/1971/Sydney-Nova-Scotia-Canada
1241 1258  # Sydney shares the same time history as Glace Bay, so was
1242 1259  # likely to be the same across the island....
1243 1260  # Sydney, as the capital and most populous location, or Cape Breton, would
1244 1261  # have been better names for the zone had we known this in 1996.
1245 1262  
1246 1263  # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-20):
1247 1264  # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
1248 1265  # Halifax.  Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
1249 1266  # the Cape Breton area, represented by Glace Bay, is the largest we know of
1250 1267  # (Glace Bay was perhaps not the best name choice but no point changing now).
1251 1268  # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
1252 1269  # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
1253 1270  # this is a typo.
1254 1271  
1255 1272  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1256 1273  Rule    Halifax 1916    only    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    D
1257 1274  Rule    Halifax 1916    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       S
1258 1275  Rule    Halifax 1920    only    -       May      9      0:00    1:00    D
1259 1276  Rule    Halifax 1920    only    -       Aug     29      0:00    0       S
1260 1277  Rule    Halifax 1921    only    -       May      6      0:00    1:00    D
1261 1278  Rule    Halifax 1921    1922    -       Sep      5      0:00    0       S
1262 1279  Rule    Halifax 1922    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
1263 1280  Rule    Halifax 1923    1925    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
1264 1281  Rule    Halifax 1923    only    -       Sep      4      0:00    0       S
1265 1282  Rule    Halifax 1924    only    -       Sep     15      0:00    0       S
1266 1283  Rule    Halifax 1925    only    -       Sep     28      0:00    0       S
1267 1284  Rule    Halifax 1926    only    -       May     16      0:00    1:00    D
1268 1285  Rule    Halifax 1926    only    -       Sep     13      0:00    0       S
1269 1286  Rule    Halifax 1927    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
1270 1287  Rule    Halifax 1927    only    -       Sep     26      0:00    0       S
1271 1288  Rule    Halifax 1928    1931    -       May     Sun>=8  0:00    1:00    D
1272 1289  Rule    Halifax 1928    only    -       Sep      9      0:00    0       S
1273 1290  Rule    Halifax 1929    only    -       Sep      3      0:00    0       S
1274 1291  Rule    Halifax 1930    only    -       Sep     15      0:00    0       S
1275 1292  Rule    Halifax 1931    1932    -       Sep     Mon>=24 0:00    0       S
1276 1293  Rule    Halifax 1932    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    D
1277 1294  Rule    Halifax 1933    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
1278 1295  Rule    Halifax 1933    only    -       Oct      2      0:00    0       S
1279 1296  Rule    Halifax 1934    only    -       May     20      0:00    1:00    D
1280 1297  Rule    Halifax 1934    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    0       S
1281 1298  Rule    Halifax 1935    only    -       Jun      2      0:00    1:00    D
1282 1299  Rule    Halifax 1935    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       S
1283 1300  Rule    Halifax 1936    only    -       Jun      1      0:00    1:00    D
1284 1301  Rule    Halifax 1936    only    -       Sep     14      0:00    0       S
1285 1302  Rule    Halifax 1937    1938    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
1286 1303  Rule    Halifax 1937    1941    -       Sep     Mon>=24 0:00    0       S
1287 1304  Rule    Halifax 1939    only    -       May     28      0:00    1:00    D
1288 1305  Rule    Halifax 1940    1941    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
1289 1306  Rule    Halifax 1946    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1290 1307  Rule    Halifax 1946    1949    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1291 1308  Rule    Halifax 1951    1954    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1292 1309  Rule    Halifax 1951    1954    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1293 1310  Rule    Halifax 1956    1959    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1294 1311  Rule    Halifax 1956    1959    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1295 1312  Rule    Halifax 1962    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1296 1313  Rule    Halifax 1962    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1297 1314  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1298 1315  Zone America/Halifax    -4:14:24 -      LMT     1902 Jun 15
1299 1316                          -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1918
1300 1317                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1919
1301 1318                          -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1302 1319                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1946
1303 1320                          -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1974
1304 1321                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1305 1322  Zone America/Glace_Bay  -3:59:48 -      LMT     1902 Jun 15
1306 1323                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1953
1307 1324                          -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1954
1308 1325                          -4:00   -       AST     1972
1309 1326                          -4:00   Halifax A%sT    1974
1310 1327                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1311 1328  
1312 1329  # New Brunswick
1313 1330  
1314 1331  # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
1315 1332  # The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
1316 1333  # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
1317 1334  # <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
1318 1335  # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
1319 1336  # For now, assume it started in 1993.
1320 1337  
1321 1338  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1322 1339  Rule    Moncton 1933    1935    -       Jun     Sun>=8  1:00    1:00    D
1323 1340  Rule    Moncton 1933    1935    -       Sep     Sun>=8  1:00    0       S
1324 1341  Rule    Moncton 1936    1938    -       Jun     Sun>=1  1:00    1:00    D
1325 1342  Rule    Moncton 1936    1938    -       Sep     Sun>=1  1:00    0       S
1326 1343  Rule    Moncton 1939    only    -       May     27      1:00    1:00    D
1327 1344  Rule    Moncton 1939    1941    -       Sep     Sat>=21 1:00    0       S
1328 1345  Rule    Moncton 1940    only    -       May     19      1:00    1:00    D
1329 1346  Rule    Moncton 1941    only    -       May      4      1:00    1:00    D
1330 1347  Rule    Moncton 1946    1972    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1331 1348  Rule    Moncton 1946    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1332 1349  Rule    Moncton 1957    1972    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1333 1350  Rule    Moncton 1993    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:01    1:00    D
1334 1351  Rule    Moncton 1993    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:01    0       S
1335 1352  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1336 1353  Zone America/Moncton    -4:19:08 -      LMT     1883 Dec  9
1337 1354                          -5:00   -       EST     1902 Jun 15
1338 1355                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1933
1339 1356                          -4:00   Moncton A%sT    1942
1340 1357                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1946
1341 1358                          -4:00   Moncton A%sT    1973
1342 1359                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1993
1343 1360                          -4:00   Moncton A%sT    2007
1344 1361                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT
1345 1362  
1346 1363  # Quebec
1347 1364  
1348 1365  # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
1349 1366  # See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal.
1350 1367  #
1351 1368  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
1352 1369  # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
1353 1370  # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
1354 1371  # The Quebec department of justice writes in
1355 1372  # "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
1356 1373  # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
1357 1374  # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
1358 1375  # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
1359 1376  # http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
1360 1377  # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
1361 1378  # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
1362 1379  # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
1363 1380  
1364 1381  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1365 1382  Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -    LMT     1884
1366 1383                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1970
1367 1384                          -4:00   -       AST
1368 1385  
1369 1386  # Ontario
1370 1387  
1371 1388  # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1372 1389  # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1373 1390  # Toronto.
1374 1391  # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1375 1392  # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1376 1393  # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1377 1394  # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
1378 1395  
1379 1396  # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1380 1397  # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
1381 1398  # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
1382 1399  # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
1383 1400  # have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
1384 1401  # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
1385 1402  # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
1386 1403  # only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
1387 1404  # presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
1388 1405  # earlier in June).
1389 1406  #
1390 1407  # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
1391 1408  
1392 1409  # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
1393 1410  # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
1394 1411  # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
1395 1412  # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
1396 1413  # He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
1397 1414  # http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
1398 1415  # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
1399 1416  # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
1400 1417  # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
1401 1418  #
1402 1419  # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1403 1420  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
1404 1421  # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
1405 1422  # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
1406 1423  # violation of the official Ontario rules.
1407 1424  #
1408 1425  # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1409 1426  # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
1410 1427  # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
1411 1428  #
1412 1429  #       The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
1413 1430  #       This means they spend about half the time on central time and
1414 1431  #       the other half on eastern time.
1415 1432  #
1416 1433  #       For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
1417 1434  #
1418 1435  #       "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
1419 1436  #       Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
1420 1437  #       said.  "I don't see any changes happening here."
1421 1438  #
1422 1439  # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
1423 1440  # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
1424 1441  
1425 1442  # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
1426 1443  # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
1427 1444  # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
1428 1445  # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
1429 1446  # time keeping since 1952, at least.
1430 1447  
1431 1448  # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
1432 1449  # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
1433 1450  # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
1434 1451  # McKinnon sounds more authoritative.  For now, assume that Atikokan
1435 1452  # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
1436 1453  # ended.  This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
1437 1454  # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
1438 1455  # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
1439 1456  
1440 1457  # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
1441 1458  #
1442 1459  # Currently the database has:
1443 1460  #
1444 1461  # # Ontario
1445 1462  #
1446 1463  # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1447 1464  # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1448 1465  # # Toronto.
1449 1466  # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1450 1467  # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1451 1468  # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1452 1469  #
1453 1470  # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
1454 1471  # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
1455 1472  # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
1456 1473  #
1457 1474  #     The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
1458 1475  #     except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
1459 1476  #
1460 1477  # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
1461 1478  #
1462 1479  # I only came across this incidentally.  I don't know if Windsor began
1463 1480  # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
1464 1481  #
1465 1482  # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
1466 1483  #
1467 1484  #     Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
1468 1485  #     three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
1469 1486  
1470 1487  # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
1471 1488  #
1472 1489  # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
1473 1490  # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
1474 1491  # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
1475 1492  # was available at
1476 1493  # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
1477 1494  #
1478 1495  # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
1479 1496  #
1480 1497  #   A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
1481 1498  # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
1482 1499  # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
1483 1500  # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
1484 1501  # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
1485 1502  # for the other provinces only approximate:
1486 1503  #
1487 1504  #       Province        Daylight saving time used
1488 1505  # Prince Edward Island  Not used.
1489 1506  # Nova Scotia           In Halifax only.
1490 1507  # New Brunswick         In St. John only.
1491 1508  # Quebec                In the following places:
1492 1509  #                       Montreal        Lachine
1493 1510  #                       Quebec          Mont-Royal
1494 1511  #                       Lévis          Iberville
1495 1512  #                       St. Lambert     Cap de la Madelèine
1496 1513  #                       Verdun          Loretteville
1497 1514  #                       Westmount       Richmond
1498 1515  #                       Outremont       St. Jérôme
1499 1516  #                       Longueuil       Greenfield Park
1500 1517  #                       Arvida          Waterloo
1501 1518  #                       Chambly-Canton  Beaulieu
1502 1519  #                       Melbourne       La Tuque
1503 1520  #                       St. Théophile  Buckingham
1504 1521  # Ontario               Used generally in the cities and towns along
1505 1522  #                       the southerly part of the province. Not
1506 1523  #                       used in the northwesterly part.
1507 1524  # Manitoba              Not used.
1508 1525  # Saskatchewan          In Regina only.
1509 1526  # Alberta               Not used.
1510 1527  # British Columbia      Not used.
1511 1528  #
1512 1529  #   With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
1513 1530  # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
1514 1531  
1515 1532  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1516 1533  Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Mar     30      23:30   1:00    D
1517 1534  Rule    Toronto 1919    only    -       Oct     26      0:00    0       S
1518 1535  Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       May      2      2:00    1:00    D
1519 1536  Rule    Toronto 1920    only    -       Sep     26      0:00    0       S
1520 1537  Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       May     15      2:00    1:00    D
1521 1538  Rule    Toronto 1921    only    -       Sep     15      2:00    0       S
1522 1539  Rule    Toronto 1922    1923    -       May     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
1523 1540  # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
1524 1541  # was meant.
1525 1542  Rule    Toronto 1922    1926    -       Sep     Sun>=15 2:00    0       S
1526 1543  Rule    Toronto 1924    1927    -       May     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
1527 1544  # The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
1528 1545  # Rule  Toronto 1927    1937    -       Sep     Sun>=25 2:00    0       S
1529 1546  # Rule  Toronto 1928    1937    -       Apr     Sun>=25 2:00    1:00    D
1530 1547  # Rule  Toronto 1938    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1531 1548  # Rule  Toronto 1938    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1532 1549  # The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
1533 1550  # (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
1534 1551  Rule    Toronto 1927    1932    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1535 1552  Rule    Toronto 1928    1931    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1536 1553  Rule    Toronto 1932    only    -       May     1       2:00    1:00    D
1537 1554  Rule    Toronto 1933    1940    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1538 1555  Rule    Toronto 1933    only    -       Oct     1       2:00    0       S
1539 1556  Rule    Toronto 1934    1939    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1540 1557  Rule    Toronto 1945    1946    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1541 1558  Rule    Toronto 1946    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1542 1559  Rule    Toronto 1947    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
1543 1560  Rule    Toronto 1947    1948    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
1544 1561  Rule    Toronto 1949    only    -       Nov     lastSun 0:00    0       S
1545 1562  Rule    Toronto 1950    1973    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1546 1563  Rule    Toronto 1950    only    -       Nov     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1547 1564  Rule    Toronto 1951    1956    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1548 1565  # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
1549 1566  # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
1550 1567  # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
1551 1568  # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
1552 1569  Rule    Toronto 1957    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1553 1570  
1554 1571  # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1555 1572  # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
1556 1573  # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
1557 1574  # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
1558 1575  # Saskatchewan, for one year."
1559 1576  
1560 1577  # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
1561 1578  # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
1562 1579  # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
1563 1580  # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
1564 1581  # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
1565 1582  # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
1566 1583  # include the Thunder Bay area....  When Canada adopted daylight
1567 1584  # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
1568 1585  # already, did not change their clocks....  During the Second World
1569 1586  # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
1570 1587  # months for the remainder of the war years.
1571 1588  
1572 1589  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1573 1590  Zone America/Toronto    -5:17:32 -      LMT     1895
1574 1591                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1919
1575 1592                          -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1576 1593                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1946
1577 1594                          -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1974
1578 1595                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1579 1596  Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 -     LMT     1895
1580 1597                          -6:00   -       CST     1910
1581 1598                          -5:00   -       EST     1942
1582 1599                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1970
1583 1600                          -5:00   Toronto E%sT    1973
1584 1601                          -5:00   -       EST     1974
1585 1602                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1586 1603  Zone America/Nipigon    -5:53:04 -      LMT     1895
1587 1604                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1940 Sep 29
1588 1605                          -5:00   1:00    EDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1589 1606                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT
1590 1607  Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 -     LMT     1895
1591 1608                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1940 Sep 29
1592 1609                          -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1593 1610                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT
1594 1611  Zone America/Atikokan   -6:06:28 -      LMT     1895
1595 1612                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1940 Sep 29
1596 1613                          -6:00   1:00    CDT     1942 Feb  9  2:00s
1597 1614                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT    1945 Sep 30  2:00
1598 1615                          -5:00   -       EST
1599 1616  
1600 1617  
1601 1618  # Manitoba
1602 1619  
1603 1620  # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
1604 1621  # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
1605 1622  # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
1606 1623  # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
1607 1624  # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
1608 1625  # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
1609 1626  # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
1610 1627  # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
1611 1628  # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
1612 1629  # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
1613 1630  # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
1614 1631  # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
1615 1632  # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
1616 1633  
1617 1634  # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
1618 1635  # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
1619 1636  # starting 1966.  Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
1620 1637  # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
1621 1638  
1622 1639  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1623 1640  Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Apr     23      0:00    1:00    D
1624 1641  Rule    Winn    1916    only    -       Sep     17      0:00    0       S
1625 1642  Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1626 1643  Rule    Winn    1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1627 1644  Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       May     16      2:00    1:00    D
1628 1645  Rule    Winn    1937    only    -       Sep     26      2:00    0       S
1629 1646  Rule    Winn    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1630 1647  Rule    Winn    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1631 1648  Rule    Winn    1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1632 1649  Rule    Winn    1946    only    -       May     12      2:00    1:00    D
1633 1650  Rule    Winn    1946    only    -       Oct     13      2:00    0       S
1634 1651  Rule    Winn    1947    1949    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1635 1652  Rule    Winn    1947    1949    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1636 1653  Rule    Winn    1950    only    -       May      1      2:00    1:00    D
1637 1654  Rule    Winn    1950    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1638 1655  Rule    Winn    1951    1960    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1639 1656  Rule    Winn    1951    1958    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1640 1657  Rule    Winn    1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1641 1658  Rule    Winn    1960    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1642 1659  Rule    Winn    1963    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1643 1660  Rule    Winn    1963    only    -       Sep     22      2:00    0       S
1644 1661  Rule    Winn    1966    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00s   1:00    D
1645 1662  Rule    Winn    1966    2005    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00s   0       S
1646 1663  Rule    Winn    1987    2005    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00s   1:00    D
1647 1664  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1648 1665  Zone America/Winnipeg   -6:28:36 -      LMT     1887 Jul 16
1649 1666                          -6:00   Winn    C%sT    2006
1650 1667                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT
1651 1668  
1652 1669  
1653 1670  # Saskatchewan
1654 1671  
1655 1672  # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1656 1673  # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
1657 1674  # level.  As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
1658 1675  # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
1659 1676  # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
1660 1677  # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
1661 1678  # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
1662 1679  # the summer".  The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
1663 1680  # time was noted.
1664 1681  
1665 1682  # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1666 1683  # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
1667 1684  # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
1668 1685  
1669 1686  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1670 1687  # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
1671 1688  # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
1672 1689  # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
1673 1690  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
1674 1691  # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
1675 1692  
1676 1693  # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
1677 1694  # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
1678 1695  # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
1679 1696  # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
1680 1697  # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
1681 1698  #
1682 1699  # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
1683 1700  # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
1684 1701  # their affiliations in one direction or the other.  In 1965 a provincial
1685 1702  # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
1686 1703  #
1687 1704  # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
1688 1705  # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
1689 1706  # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
1690 1707  # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
1691 1708  # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
1692 1709  # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
1693 1710  # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
1694 1711  #
1695 1712  # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
1696 1713  # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
1697 1714  # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
1698 1715  # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
1699 1716  # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
1700 1717  # since sometime in the 1960s.
1701 1718  
1702 1719  # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1703 1720  # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
1704 1721  # long and rather painful to read.
1705 1722  # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
1706 1723  
1707 1724  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1708 1725  Rule    Regina  1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1709 1726  Rule    Regina  1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1710 1727  Rule    Regina  1930    1934    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
1711 1728  Rule    Regina  1930    1934    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
1712 1729  Rule    Regina  1937    1941    -       Apr     Sun>=8  0:00    1:00    D
1713 1730  Rule    Regina  1937    only    -       Oct     Sun>=8  0:00    0       S
1714 1731  Rule    Regina  1938    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
1715 1732  Rule    Regina  1939    1941    -       Oct     Sun>=8  0:00    0       S
1716 1733  Rule    Regina  1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1717 1734  Rule    Regina  1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1718 1735  Rule    Regina  1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1719 1736  Rule    Regina  1946    only    -       Apr     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
1720 1737  Rule    Regina  1946    only    -       Oct     Sun>=8  2:00    0       S
1721 1738  Rule    Regina  1947    1957    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1722 1739  Rule    Regina  1947    1957    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1723 1740  Rule    Regina  1959    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1724 1741  Rule    Regina  1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1725 1742  #
1726 1743  Rule    Swift   1957    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1727 1744  Rule    Swift   1957    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1728 1745  Rule    Swift   1959    1961    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1729 1746  Rule    Swift   1959    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1730 1747  Rule    Swift   1960    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1731 1748  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1732 1749  Zone America/Regina     -6:58:36 -      LMT     1905 Sep
1733 1750                          -7:00   Regina  M%sT    1960 Apr lastSun  2:00
1734 1751                          -6:00   -       CST
1735 1752  Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 -   LMT     1905 Sep
1736 1753                          -7:00   Canada  M%sT    1946 Apr lastSun  2:00
1737 1754                          -7:00   Regina  M%sT    1950
1738 1755                          -7:00   Swift   M%sT    1972 Apr lastSun  2:00
1739 1756                          -6:00   -       CST
1740 1757  
1741 1758  
1742 1759  # Alberta
1743 1760  
1744 1761  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1745 1762  Rule    Edm     1918    1919    -       Apr     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
1746 1763  Rule    Edm     1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1747 1764  Rule    Edm     1919    only    -       May     27      2:00    0       S
1748 1765  Rule    Edm     1920    1923    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1749 1766  Rule    Edm     1920    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1750 1767  Rule    Edm     1921    1923    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1751 1768  Rule    Edm     1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1752 1769  Rule    Edm     1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1753 1770  Rule    Edm     1945    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1754 1771  Rule    Edm     1947    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1755 1772  Rule    Edm     1947    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1756 1773  Rule    Edm     1967    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1757 1774  Rule    Edm     1967    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1758 1775  Rule    Edm     1969    only    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1759 1776  Rule    Edm     1969    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1760 1777  Rule    Edm     1972    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1761 1778  Rule    Edm     1972    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1762 1779  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1763 1780  Zone America/Edmonton   -7:33:52 -      LMT     1906 Sep
1764 1781                          -7:00   Edm     M%sT    1987
1765 1782                          -7:00   Canada  M%sT
1766 1783  
1767 1784  
1768 1785  # British Columbia
1769 1786  
1770 1787  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1771 1788  # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
1772 1789  # been like Vancouver.
1773 1790  # Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
1774 1791  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
1775 1792  
1776 1793  # It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
1777 1794  
1778 1795  # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
1779 1796  # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
1780 1797  # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
1781 1798  # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
1782 1799  # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
1783 1800  # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
1784 1801  
1785 1802  # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
1786 1803  # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
1787 1804  # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
1788 1805  # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1789 1806  # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
1790 1807  # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
1791 1808  # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
1792 1809  
1793 1810  # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
1794 1811  # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain.  I e-mailed Tammy a few months
1795 1812  # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess.  She said it was just
1796 1813  # as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing
1797 1814  # the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
1798 1815  # subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
1799 1816  # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
1800 1817  
1801 1818  # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
1802 1819  # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
1803 1820  # Exact date unknown
1804 1821  # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
1805 1822  # Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
1806 1823  # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
1807 1824  # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
1808 1825  # note 1:
1809 1826  # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
1810 1827  # Creston did not change its clocks.
1811 1828  # note 2:
1812 1829  # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
1813 1830  # Creston did not oblige.
1814 1831  # note 3:
1815 1832  # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
1816 1833  # (UTC-7) forever.
1817 1834  # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
1818 1835  # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
1819 1836  
1820 1837  # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
1821 1838  # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
1822 1839  # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
1823 1840  # the change.  It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
1824 1841  # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
1825 1842  # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
1826 1843  
1827 1844  # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
1828 1845  
1829 1846  # From Matt Johnson (2015-09-21):
1830 1847  # Fort Nelson, BC, Canada will cancel DST this year.  So while previously they
1831 1848  # were aligned with America/Vancouver, they're now aligned with
1832 1849  # America/Dawson_Creek.
1833 1850  # http://www.northernrockies.ca/EN/meta/news/archives/2015/northern-rockies-time-change.html
1834 1851  #
1835 1852  # From Tim Parenti (2015-09-23):
1836 1853  # This requires a new zone for the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality,
1837 1854  # America/Fort_Nelson.  The resolution of 2014-12-08 was reached following a
1838 1855  # 2014-11-15 poll with nearly 75% support.  Effectively, the municipality has
1839 1856  # been on MST (-0700) like Dawson Creek since it advanced its clocks on
1840 1857  # 2015-03-08.
1841 1858  #
1842 1859  # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
1843 1860  # Shanks says Fort Nelson did not observe DST in 1946, unlike Vancouver.
1844 1861  
1845 1862  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1846 1863  Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
1847 1864  Rule    Vanc    1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
1848 1865  Rule    Vanc    1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
1849 1866  Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
1850 1867  Rule    Vanc    1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
1851 1868  Rule    Vanc    1946    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
1852 1869  Rule    Vanc    1946    only    -       Oct     13      2:00    0       S
1853 1870  Rule    Vanc    1947    1961    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1854 1871  Rule    Vanc    1962    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
1855 1872  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1856 1873  Zone America/Vancouver  -8:12:28 -      LMT     1884
1857 1874                          -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1987
1858 1875                          -8:00   Canada  P%sT
1859 1876  Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -    LMT     1884
1860 1877                          -8:00   Canada  P%sT    1947
1861 1878                          -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1972 Aug 30  2:00
1862 1879                          -7:00   -       MST
1863 1880  Zone America/Fort_Nelson        -8:10:47 -      LMT     1884
1864 1881                          -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1946
1865 1882                          -8:00   -       PST     1947
1866 1883                          -8:00   Vanc    P%sT    1987
1867 1884                          -8:00   Canada  P%sT    2015 Mar  8  2:00
1868 1885                          -7:00   -       MST
1869 1886  Zone America/Creston    -7:46:04 -      LMT     1884
1870 1887                          -7:00   -       MST     1916 Oct 1
1871 1888                          -8:00   -       PST     1918 Jun 2
1872 1889                          -7:00   -       MST
1873 1890  
1874 1891  # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
1875 1892  
1876 1893  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1877 1894  # Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
1878 1895  # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
1879 1896  #       * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
1880 1897  #       c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9....
1881 1898  #       see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
1882 1899  #       [http://canlii.ca/t/7vhg]
1883 1900  #       * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
1884 1901  #       * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
1885 1902  #       * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
1886 1903  
1887 1904  # From Brian Inglis (2015-04-14):
1888 1905  #
1889 1906  # I tried to trace the history of Yukon time and found the following
1890 1907  # regulations, giving the reference title and URL if found, regulation name,
1891 1908  # and relevant quote if available.  Each regulation specifically revokes its
1892 1909  # predecessor.  The final reference is to the current Interpretation Act
1893 1910  # authorizing and resulting from these regulatory changes.
1894 1911  #
1895 1912  # Only recent regulations were retrievable via Yukon government site search or
1896 1913  # index, and only some via Canadian legal sources.  Other sources used include
1897 1914  # articles titled "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" from JRASC via ADS
1898 1915  # Abstracts, cited by ADO for 1932 ..., and updated versions from 1958 and
1899 1916  # 1970 quoted below; each article includes current extracts from provincial
1900 1917  # and territorial ST and DST regulations at the end, summaries and details of
1901 1918  # standard times and daylight saving time at many locations across Canada,
1902 1919  # with time zone maps, tables and calculations for Canadian Sunrise, Sunset,
1903 1920  # and LMST; they also cover many countries and global locations, with a chart
1904 1921  # and table showing current Universal Time offsets, and may be useful as
1905 1922  # another source of information for 1970 and earlier.
1906 1923  #
1907 1924  # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; JRASC, Vol. 26,
1908 1925  #   pp.49-77; February 1932; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
1909 1926  #   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JRASC..26...49S from p.75:
1910 1927  #   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance
1911 1928  #   Yukon standard time is the local mean time at the one hundred and
1912 1929  #   thirty-fifth meridian.
1913 1930  #
1914 1931  # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; Thomson, Malcolm M.;
1915 1932  #   JRASC, Vol. 52, pp.193-223; October 1958; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
1916 1933  #   (ADS) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958JRASC..52..193S from pp.220-1:
1917 1934  #   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance, 1955, Chap. 16.
1918 1935  #
1919 1936  #     (1) Subject to this section, standard time shall be reckoned as nine
1920 1937  #     hours behind Greenwich Time and called Yukon Standard Time.
1921 1938  #
1922 1939  #     (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Commissioner may make regulations
1923 1940  #     varying the manner of reckoning standard time.
1924 1941  #
1925 1942  # * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance
1926 1943  #   http://? - no online source found
1927 1944  #
1928 1945  # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC,
1929 1946  #   Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
1930 1947  #   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970JRASC..64..129T from p.156: Yukon
1931 1948  #   Territory Commissioner's Order 1967-59 Interpretation Ordinance ...
1932 1949  #
1933 1950  #     1. Commissioner's Order 1966-20 dated at Whitehorse in the Yukon
1934 1951  #     Territory on 27th January, 1966, is hereby revoked.
1935 1952  #
1936 1953  #     2. Yukon (East) Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the
1937 1954  #     Interpretation Ordinance from and after mid-night on the 28th day of May,
1938 1955  #     1967 shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that
1939 1956  #     is to say, eight hours behind Greenwich Time in the area of the Yukon
1940 1957  #     Territory lying east of the 138th degree longitude west.
1941 1958  #
1942 1959  #     3. In the remainder of the Territory, lying west of the 138th degree
1943 1960  #     longitude west, Yukon (West) Standard Time shall be reckoned as nine
1944 1961  #     hours behind Greenwich Time.
1945 1962  #
1946 1963  # * Yukon Standard Time defined as Pacific Standard Time, YCO 1973/214
1947 1964  #   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yco-1973-214/latest/yco-1973-214.html
1948 1965  #   C.O. 1973/214 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
1949 1966  #
1950 1967  #     1. Effective October 28, 1973 Commissioner's Order 1967/59 is hereby
1951 1968  #     revoked.
1952 1969  #
1953 1970  #     2. Yukon Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the Interpretation
1954 1971  #     Act from and after midnight on the twenty-eighth day of October, 1973
1955 1972  #     shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that is
1956 1973  #     to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time.
1957 1974  #
1958 1975  # * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT
1959 1976  #   http://? - no online source found
1960 1977  #
1961 1978  # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56
1962 1979  #   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html
1963 1980  #   O.I.C. 1987/056 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
1964 1981  #
1965 1982  #   In every year between
1966 1983  #     (a) two o'clock in the morning in the first Sunday in April, and
1967 1984  #     (b) two o'clock in the morning in the last Sunday in October,
1968 1985  #   Standard Time shall be reckoned as seven hours behind Greenwich Time and
1969 1986  #   called Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
1970 1987  #   ...
1971 1988  #   Dated ... 9th day of March, A.D., 1987.
1972 1989  #
1973 1990  # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time 2006, YOIC 2006/127
1974 1991  #   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-2006-127/latest/yoic-2006-127.html
1975 1992  #   O.I.C. 2006/127 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
1976 1993  #
1977 1994  #     1. In Yukon each year the time for general purposes shall be 7 hours
1978 1995  #     behind Greenwich mean time during the period commencing at two o'clock
1979 1996  #     in the forenoon on the second Sunday of March and ending at two o'clock
1980 1997  #     in the forenoon on the first Sunday of November and shall be called
1981 1998  #     Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
1982 1999  #
1983 2000  #     2. Order-in-Council 1987/56 is revoked.
1984 2001  #
1985 2002  #     3. This order comes into force January 1, 2007.
1986 2003  #
1987 2004  # * Interpretation Act, RSY 2002, c 125
1988 2005  # http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/stat/rsy-2002-c-125/latest/rsy-2002-c-125.html
1989 2006  
1990 2007  # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
1991 2008  # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
1992 2009  # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
1993 2010  # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
1994 2011  #
1995 2012  # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
1996 2013  # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
1997 2014  # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
1998 2015  
1999 2016  # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2000 2017  # Basic Facts: The New Territory
2001 2018  # http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
2002 2019  # (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
2003 2020  # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
2004 2021  # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
2005 2022  
2006 2023  # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
2007 2024  # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
2008 2025  # Pangnirtung wobbled.  Here is the result of their wobble:
2009 2026  #
2010 2027  # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
2011 2028  #
2012 2029  #       First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
2013 2030  #       Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
2014 2031  #
2015 2032  # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
2016 2033  #
2017 2034  #       Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
2018 2035  #
2019 2036  # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
2020 2037  # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
2021 2038  # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
2022 2039  # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
2023 2040  # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
2024 2041  # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
2025 2042  # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
2026 2043  # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
2027 2044  # the current state of affairs.
2028 2045  
2029 2046  # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
2030 2047  # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
2031 2048  # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
2032 2049  # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
2033 2050  # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
2034 2051  # for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
2035 2052  # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
2036 2053  
2037 2054  # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
2038 2055  # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
2039 2056  # for these potential new Zones.
2040 2057  #
2041 2058  # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
2042 2059  # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
2043 2060  # zone] skip daylight savings.  Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
2044 2061  # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
2045 2062  # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
2046 2063  # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
2047 2064  # required to use daylight savings.
2048 2065  
2049 2066  # From <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html>
2050 2067  # Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
2051 2068  # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
2052 2069  # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
2053 2070  # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
2054 2071  # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
2055 2072  # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
2056 2073  # the rest of the territory for the winter.  Cambridge Bay remained on
2057 2074  # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
2058 2075  # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
2059 2076  # unified time zone in 1999.
2060 2077  #
2061 2078  # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
2062 2079  # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
2063 2080  
2064 2081  # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2065 2082  # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
2066 2083  
2067 2084  # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
2068 2085  # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
2069 2086  # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
2070 2087  # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern).  Of the
2071 2088  # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
2072 2089  # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round.  I'm
2073 2090  # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
2074 2091  # more.
2075 2092  # [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
2076 2093  
2077 2094  # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
2078 2095  # According to ...
2079 2096  # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
2080 2097  # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
2081 2098  # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
2082 2099  # round.  Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
2083 2100  # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
2084 2101  # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
2085 2102  # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
2086 2103  #
2087 2104  # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-17):
2088 2105  # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
2089 2106  # daylight saving only during wartime.  Gwillim Law's email also
2090 2107  # mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada;
2091 2108  # see above for an up-to-date link.
2092 2109  
2093 2110  # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
2094 2111  # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
2095 2112  # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
2096 2113  # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
2097 2114  # daylight saving....
2098 2115  # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
2099 2116  
2100 2117  # From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
2101 2118  # Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
2102 2119  # Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
2103 2120  # the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
2104 2121  # decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
2105 2122  #
2106 2123  # According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
2107 2124  # went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
2108 2125  #
2109 2126  # On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
2110 2127  # 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
2111 2128  # talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
2112 2129  # to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
2113 2130  # explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
2114 2131  # (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
2115 2132  # i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
2116 2133  # had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
2117 2134  # so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
2118 2135  #
2119 2136  # On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
2120 2137  # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
2121 2138  # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
2122 2139  # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
2123 2140  # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
2124 2141  # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
2125 2142  # and worked in Resolute Bay...
2126 2143  #
2127 2144  # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
2128 2145  # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
2129 2146  # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
2130 2147  # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
2131 2148  # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
2132 2149  # tell me when the practice had stopped.
2133 2150  #
2134 2151  # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
2135 2152  # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
2136 2153  # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
2137 2154  # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
2138 2155  # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
2139 2156  # Aziz:
2140 2157  # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
2141 2158  #
2142 2159  # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
2143 2160  # Eastern Standard Time.
2144 2161  #
2145 2162  # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
2146 2163  # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
2147 2164  # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
2148 2165  # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
2149 2166  #
2150 2167  # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
2151 2168  #
2152 2169  # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
2153 2170  # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
2154 2171  # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
2155 2172  # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
2156 2173  #
2157 2174  # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
2158 2175  # never have contacted her.  I now believe that all the information I
2159 2176  # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
2160 2177  # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
2161 2178  
2162 2179  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2163 2180  Rule    NT_YK   1918    only    -       Apr     14      2:00    1:00    D
2164 2181  Rule    NT_YK   1918    only    -       Oct     27      2:00    0       S
2165 2182  Rule    NT_YK   1919    only    -       May     25      2:00    1:00    D
2166 2183  Rule    NT_YK   1919    only    -       Nov      1      0:00    0       S
2167 2184  Rule    NT_YK   1942    only    -       Feb      9      2:00    1:00    W # War
2168 2185  Rule    NT_YK   1945    only    -       Aug     14      23:00u  1:00    P # Peace
2169 2186  Rule    NT_YK   1945    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
2170 2187  Rule    NT_YK   1965    only    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    2:00    DD
2171 2188  Rule    NT_YK   1965    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2172 2189  Rule    NT_YK   1980    1986    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2173 2190  Rule    NT_YK   1980    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2174 2191  Rule    NT_YK   1987    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
2175 2192  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2176 2193  # aka Panniqtuuq
2177 2194  Zone America/Pangnirtung 0      -       zzz     1921 # trading post est.
2178 2195                          -4:00   NT_YK   A%sT    1995 Apr Sun>=1  2:00
2179 2196                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
2180 2197                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2181 2198                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT
2182 2199  # formerly Frobisher Bay
2183 2200  Zone America/Iqaluit    0       -       zzz     1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
2184 2201                          -5:00   NT_YK   E%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
2185 2202                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2186 2203                          -5:00   Canada  E%sT
2187 2204  # aka Qausuittuq
2188 2205  Zone America/Resolute   0       -       zzz     1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
2189 2206                          -6:00   NT_YK   C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2190 2207                          -5:00   -       EST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
2191 2208                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2006 Oct 29  2:00
2192 2209                          -5:00   -       EST     2007 Mar 11  3:00
2193 2210                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT
2194 2211  # aka Kangiqiniq
2195 2212  Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0     -       zzz     1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
2196 2213                          -6:00   NT_YK   C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2197 2214                          -5:00   -       EST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
2198 2215                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT
2199 2216  # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
2200 2217  Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0    -       zzz     1920 # trading post est.?
2201 2218                          -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1999 Oct 31  2:00
2202 2219                          -6:00   Canada  C%sT    2000 Oct 29  2:00
2203 2220                          -5:00   -       EST     2000 Nov  5  0:00
2204 2221                          -6:00   -       CST     2001 Apr  1  3:00
2205 2222                          -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2206 2223  Zone America/Yellowknife 0      -       zzz     1935 # Yellowknife founded?
2207 2224                          -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1980
2208 2225                          -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2209 2226  Zone America/Inuvik     0       -       zzz     1953 # Inuvik founded
2210 2227                          -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1979 Apr lastSun  2:00
2211 2228                          -7:00   NT_YK   M%sT    1980
2212 2229                          -7:00   Canada  M%sT
2213 2230  Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
2214 2231                          -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1967 May 28  0:00
2215 2232                          -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1980
2216 2233                          -8:00   Canada  P%sT
2217 2234  Zone America/Dawson     -9:17:40 -      LMT     1900 Aug 20
2218 2235                          -9:00   NT_YK   Y%sT    1973 Oct 28  0:00
2219 2236                          -8:00   NT_YK   P%sT    1980
2220 2237                          -8:00   Canada  P%sT
2221 2238  
2222 2239  
2223 2240  ###############################################################################
2224 2241  
2225 2242  # Mexico
2226 2243  
2227 2244  # From Paul Eggert (2014-12-07):
2228 2245  # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
2229 2246  # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
2230 2247  # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
2231 2248  # http://www.diputados.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/index.htm
2232 2249  #
2233 2250  # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
2234 2251  # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
2235 2252  # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
2236 2253  # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
2237 2254  # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
2238 2255  # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
2239 2256  
2240 2257  # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
2241 2258  # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
2242 2259  # tz database.  I think they can best be explained by supposing that
2243 2260  # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
2244 2261  # the relevant documents.
2245 2262  
2246 2263  # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
2247 2264  # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
2248 2265  # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
2249 2266  #
2250 2267  # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
2251 2268  #
2252 2269  # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
2253 2270  # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
2254 2271  #
2255 2272  # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
2256 2273  #    - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
2257 2274  #    - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
2258 2275  #    - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
2259 2276  #
2260 2277  # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
2261 2278  #    at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
2262 2279  #    BajaNorte: GMT+7
2263 2280  #    BajaSur:   GMT+6
2264 2281  #    General:   GMT+5
2265 2282  #
2266 2283  # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
2267 2284  #    BajaNorte: GMT+8
2268 2285  #    BajaSur:   GMT+7
2269 2286  #    General:   GMT+6
2270 2287  #
2271 2288  # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
2272 2289  #
2273 2290  # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
2274 2291  # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
2275 2292  # For an English translation of the decree, see
2276 2293  # "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
2277 2294  # http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
2278 2295  
2279 2296  # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
2280 2297  # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
2281 2298  # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
2282 2299  
2283 2300  # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
2284 2301  # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
2285 2302  # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
2286 2303  # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
2287 2304  # Arizona year round.
2288 2305  
2289 2306  # From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
2290 2307  # <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
2291 2308  # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
2292 2309  # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
2293 2310  # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
2294 2311  # whole year.
2295 2312  
2296 2313  # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
2297 2314  # <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
2298 2315  # (translated):...
2299 2316  # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
2300 2317  # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
2301 2318  # this year....
2302 2319  # http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
2303 2320  # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
2304 2321  # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
2305 2322  
2306 2323  # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
2307 2324  # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
2308 2325  # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
2309 2326  # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
2310 2327  # ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
2311 2328  # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
2312 2329  # the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
2313 2330  # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
2314 2331  
2315 2332  # Official statute published by the Energy Department
2316 2333  # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
2317 2334  # (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
2318 2335  # and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
2319 2336  
2320 2337  # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
2321 2338  #
2322 2339  # http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
2323 2340  # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
2324 2341  # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
2325 2342  # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
2326 2343  #   the Federal District will not adopt DST.
2327 2344  # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
2328 2345  # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
2329 2346  #   the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
2330 2347  #
2331 2348  # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
2332 2349  
2333 2350  # From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
2334 2351  # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
2335 2352  # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
2336 2353  # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
2337 2354  # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
2338 2355  # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
2339 2356  # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
2340 2357  # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
2341 2358  # September 30, 2001.
2342 2359  # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <http://www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
2343 2360  # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
2344 2361  
2345 2362  # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
2346 2363  # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
2347 2364  # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
2348 2365  # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
2349 2366  # next year....  The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
2350 2367  # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
2351 2368  # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
2352 2369  # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
2353 2370  
2354 2371  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
2355 2372  # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
2356 2373  # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
2357 2374  # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
2358 2375  # confirms this.  Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
2359 2376  
2360 2377  # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
2361 2378  #
2362 2379  # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2363 2380  # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
2364 2381  # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
2365 2382  # > the United States.
2366 2383  # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
2367 2384  # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
2368 2385  # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
2369 2386  # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
2370 2387  # (Spanish)
2371 2388  #
2372 2389  # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
2373 2390  # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
2374 2391  # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
2375 2392  #
2376 2393  # There is also a list of the votes here:
2377 2394  # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
2378 2395  #
2379 2396  # Our page:
2380 2397  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
2381 2398  
2382 2399  # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
2383 2400  # The page
2384 2401  # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2385 2402  # includes this text:
2386 2403  # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
2387 2404  # Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
2388 2405  # Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
2389 2406  # Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
2390 2407  # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
2391 2408  # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2392 2409  # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
2393 2410  # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
2394 2411  # internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
2395 2412  # kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
2396 2413  # interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
2397 2414  # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
2398 2415  # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2399 2416  
2400 2417  # From Steffen Thorsen (2014-12-08), translated by Gwillim Law:
2401 2418  # The Mexican state of Quintana Roo will likely change to EST in 2015.
2402 2419  #
2403 2420  # http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2014/12/04/medio-ambiente/congreso-aprueba-una-hora-mas-de-sol-en-qroo
2404 2421  # "With this change, the time conflict that has existed between the municipios
2405 2422  # of Quintana Roo and the municipio of Felipe Carrillo Puerto may come to an
2406 2423  # end. The latter declared itself in rebellion 15 years ago when a time change
2407 2424  # was initiated in Mexico, and since then it has refused to change its time
2408 2425  # zone along with the rest of the country."
2409 2426  #
2410 2427  # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-01-14), translated by Gwillim Law:
2411 2428  # http://sipse.com/novedades/confirman-aplicacion-de-nueva-zona-horaria-para-quintana-roo-132331.html
2412 2429  # "...the new time zone will come into effect at two o'clock on the first Sunday
2413 2430  # of February, when we will have to advance the clock one hour from its current
2414 2431  # time..."
2415 2432  # Also, the new zone will not use DST.
2416 2433  #
2417 2434  # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2015-02-02):
2418 2435  # The decree that modifies the Mexican Hour System Law has finally
2419 2436  # been published at the Diario Oficial de la Federación
2420 2437  # http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5380123&fecha=31/01/2015
2421 2438  # It establishes 5 zones for Mexico:
2422 2439  # 1- Zona Centro (Central Zone): Corresponds to longitude 90 W,
2423 2440  #    includes most of Mexico, excluding what's mentioned below.
2424 2441  # 2- Zona Pacífico (Pacific Zone): Longitude 105 W, includes the
2425 2442  #    states of Baja California Sur; Chihuahua; Nayarit (excluding Bahía
2426 2443  #    de Banderas which lies in Central Zone); Sinaloa and Sonora.
2427 2444  # 3- Zona Noroeste (Northwest Zone): Longitude 120 W, includes the
2428 2445  #    state of Baja California.
2429 2446  # 4- Zona Sureste (Southeast Zone): Longitude 75 W, includes the state
2430 2447  #    of Quintana Roo.
2431 2448  # 5- The islands, reefs and keys shall take their timezone from the
2432 2449  #    longitude they are located at.
2433 2450  
2434 2451  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2435 2452  Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Feb     5       0:00    1:00    D
2436 2453  Rule    Mexico  1939    only    -       Jun     25      0:00    0       S
2437 2454  Rule    Mexico  1940    only    -       Dec     9       0:00    1:00    D
2438 2455  Rule    Mexico  1941    only    -       Apr     1       0:00    0       S
2439 2456  Rule    Mexico  1943    only    -       Dec     16      0:00    1:00    W # War
2440 2457  Rule    Mexico  1944    only    -       May     1       0:00    0       S
2441 2458  Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Feb     12      0:00    1:00    D
2442 2459  Rule    Mexico  1950    only    -       Jul     30      0:00    0       S
2443 2460  Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
2444 2461  Rule    Mexico  1996    2000    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2445 2462  Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       May     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
2446 2463  Rule    Mexico  2001    only    -       Sep     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2447 2464  Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    D
2448 2465  Rule    Mexico  2002    max     -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2449 2466  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2450 2467  # Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
  
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2451 2468  Zone America/Cancun     -5:47:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
2452 2469                          -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
2453 2470                          -5:00   Mexico  E%sT    1998 Aug  2  2:00
2454 2471                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2015 Feb  1  2:00
2455 2472                          -5:00   -       EST
2456 2473  # Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
2457 2474  Zone America/Merida     -5:58:28 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
2458 2475                          -6:00   -       CST     1981 Dec 23
2459 2476                          -5:00   -       EST     1982 Dec  2
2460 2477                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2461      -# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
     2478 +# Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
2462 2479  Zone America/Matamoros  -6:40:00 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
2463 2480                          -6:00   -       CST     1988
2464 2481                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1989
2465 2482                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2010
2466 2483                          -6:00   US      C%sT
2467      -# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
     2484 +# Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
2468 2485  Zone America/Monterrey  -6:41:16 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
2469 2486                          -6:00   -       CST     1988
2470 2487                          -6:00   US      C%sT    1989
2471 2488                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2472 2489  # Central Mexico
2473 2490  Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -     LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
2474 2491                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2475 2492                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2476 2493                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2477 2494                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2478 2495                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2479 2496                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    2001 Sep 30  2:00
2480 2497                          -6:00   -       CST     2002 Feb 20
2481 2498                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2482 2499  # Chihuahua (near US border)
2483 2500  Zone America/Ojinaga    -6:57:40 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:02:20
2484 2501                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2485 2502                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2486 2503                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2487 2504                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2488 2505                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2489 2506                          -6:00   -       CST     1996
2490 2507                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    1998
2491 2508                          -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
2492 2509                          -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    2010
2493 2510                          -7:00   US      M%sT
2494 2511  # Chihuahua (away from US border)
2495 2512  Zone America/Chihuahua  -7:04:20 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
2496 2513                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2497 2514                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2498 2515                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2499 2516                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2500 2517                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2501 2518                          -6:00   -       CST     1996
2502 2519                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT    1998
2503 2520                          -6:00   -       CST     1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
2504 2521                          -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
2505 2522  # Sonora
2506 2523  Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
2507 2524                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2508 2525                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2509 2526                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2510 2527                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2511 2528                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2512 2529                          -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2513 2530                          -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2514 2531                          -8:00   -       PST     1970
2515 2532                          -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    1999
2516 2533                          -7:00   -       MST
2517 2534  
2518 2535  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
2519 2536  # According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
2520 2537  # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
2521 2538  # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
2522 2539  #
2523 2540  # (Spanish)
2524 2541  # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
2525 2542  # país, a partir de este domingo
2526 2543  # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
2527 2544  #
2528 2545  # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
2529 2546  # País
2530 2547  # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
2531 2548  #
2532 2549  # (English)
2533 2550  # Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
2534 2551  # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
2535 2552  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
2536 2553  #
2537 2554  # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
2538 2555  # will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
2539 2556  # zone ..."
2540 2557  # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
2541 2558  
2542 2559  # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
2543 2560  # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
2544 2561  
2545 2562  # Mazatlán
2546 2563  Zone America/Mazatlan   -7:05:40 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
2547 2564                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2548 2565                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2549 2566                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2550 2567                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2551 2568                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2552 2569                          -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2553 2570                          -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2554 2571                          -8:00   -       PST     1970
2555 2572                          -7:00   Mexico  M%sT
2556 2573  
2557 2574  # Bahía de Banderas
2558 2575  Zone America/Bahia_Banderas     -7:01:00 -      LMT     1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
2559 2576                          -7:00   -       MST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
  
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2560 2577                          -6:00   -       CST     1930 Nov 15
2561 2578                          -7:00   -       MST     1931 May  1 23:00
2562 2579                          -6:00   -       CST     1931 Oct
2563 2580                          -7:00   -       MST     1932 Apr  1
2564 2581                          -6:00   -       CST     1942 Apr 24
2565 2582                          -7:00   -       MST     1949 Jan 14
2566 2583                          -8:00   -       PST     1970
2567 2584                          -7:00   Mexico  M%sT    2010 Apr  4  2:00
2568 2585                          -6:00   Mexico  C%sT
2569 2586  
2570      -# Baja California (near US border)
     2587 +# Baja California
2571 2588  Zone America/Tijuana    -7:48:04 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
2572 2589                          -7:00   -       MST     1924
2573 2590                          -8:00   -       PST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2574 2591                          -7:00   -       MST     1930 Nov 15
2575 2592                          -8:00   -       PST     1931 Apr  1
2576 2593                          -8:00   1:00    PDT     1931 Sep 30
2577 2594                          -8:00   -       PST     1942 Apr 24
2578 2595                          -8:00   1:00    PWT     1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2579 2596                          -8:00   1:00    PPT     1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2580 2597                          -8:00   -       PST     1948 Apr  5
2581 2598                          -8:00   1:00    PDT     1949 Jan 14
2582 2599                          -8:00   -       PST     1954
2583 2600                          -8:00   CA      P%sT    1961
2584 2601                          -8:00   -       PST     1976
2585 2602                          -8:00   US      P%sT    1996
2586 2603                          -8:00   Mexico  P%sT    2001
2587 2604                          -8:00   US      P%sT    2002 Feb 20
2588 2605                          -8:00   Mexico  P%sT    2010
2589 2606                          -8:00   US      P%sT
2590      -# Baja California (away from US border)
2591      -Zone America/Santa_Isabel       -7:39:28 -      LMT     1922 Jan  1  0:20:32
2592      -                        -7:00   -       MST     1924
2593      -                        -8:00   -       PST     1927 Jun 10 23:00
2594      -                        -7:00   -       MST     1930 Nov 15
2595      -                        -8:00   -       PST     1931 Apr  1
2596      -                        -8:00   1:00    PDT     1931 Sep 30
2597      -                        -8:00   -       PST     1942 Apr 24
2598      -                        -8:00   1:00    PWT     1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2599      -                        -8:00   1:00    PPT     1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2600      -                        -8:00   -       PST     1948 Apr  5
2601      -                        -8:00   1:00    PDT     1949 Jan 14
2602      -                        -8:00   -       PST     1954
2603      -                        -8:00   CA      P%sT    1961
2604      -                        -8:00   -       PST     1976
2605      -                        -8:00   US      P%sT    1996
2606      -                        -8:00   Mexico  P%sT    2001
2607      -                        -8:00   US      P%sT    2002 Feb 20
2608      -                        -8:00   Mexico  P%sT
2609 2607  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2610 2608  # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
2611 2609  # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
2612 2610  # through 1995.  This was as per Shanks (1999).  But Shanks & Pottenger say
2613 2611  # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975.  Guy Harris reports
2614 2612  # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
2615 2613  # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
2616 2614  # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then.  This concerns
2617 2615  # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
2618 2616  # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
2619 2617  # name or contents should be.
2620 2618  #
     2619 +# From Paul Eggert (2015-10-08):
     2620 +# Formerly there was an America/Santa_Isabel zone, but this appears to
     2621 +# have come from a misreading of
     2622 +# http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
     2623 +# It has been moved to the 'backward' file.
     2624 +#
     2625 +#
2621 2626  # Revillagigedo Is
2622 2627  # no information
2623 2628  
2624 2629  ###############################################################################
2625 2630  
2626 2631  # Anguilla
2627 2632  # Antigua and Barbuda
2628 2633  # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2629 2634  
2630 2635  # Bahamas
2631 2636  #
2632 2637  # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
2633 2638  #
2634 2639  # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
2635 2640  # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
2636 2641  # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
2637 2642  # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
2638 2643  
2639 2644  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2640 2645  Rule    Bahamas 1964    1975    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    0       S
2641 2646  Rule    Bahamas 1964    1975    -       Apr     lastSun 2:00    1:00    D
2642 2647  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2643 2648  Zone    America/Nassau  -5:09:30 -      LMT     1912 Mar 2
2644 2649                          -5:00   Bahamas E%sT    1976
2645 2650                          -5:00   US      E%sT
2646 2651  
2647 2652  # Barbados
2648 2653  
2649 2654  # For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
2650 2655  
2651 2656  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2652 2657  Rule    Barb    1977    only    -       Jun     12      2:00    1:00    D
2653 2658  Rule    Barb    1977    1978    -       Oct     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S
2654 2659  Rule    Barb    1978    1980    -       Apr     Sun>=15 2:00    1:00    D
2655 2660  Rule    Barb    1979    only    -       Sep     30      2:00    0       S
2656 2661  Rule    Barb    1980    only    -       Sep     25      2:00    0       S
2657 2662  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2658 2663  Zone America/Barbados   -3:58:29 -      LMT     1924 # Bridgetown
2659 2664                          -3:58:29 -      BMT     1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
2660 2665                          -4:00   Barb    A%sT
2661 2666  
2662 2667  # Belize
2663 2668  # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2664 2669  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2665 2670  Rule    Belize  1918    1942    -       Oct     Sun>=2  0:00    0:30    HD
2666 2671  Rule    Belize  1919    1943    -       Feb     Sun>=9  0:00    0       S
2667 2672  Rule    Belize  1973    only    -       Dec      5      0:00    1:00    D
2668 2673  Rule    Belize  1974    only    -       Feb      9      0:00    0       S
2669 2674  Rule    Belize  1982    only    -       Dec     18      0:00    1:00    D
2670 2675  Rule    Belize  1983    only    -       Feb     12      0:00    0       S
2671 2676  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2672 2677  Zone    America/Belize  -5:52:48 -      LMT     1912 Apr
2673 2678                          -6:00   Belize  C%sT
2674 2679  
2675 2680  # Bermuda
2676 2681  
2677 2682  # For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
2678 2683  # Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that.
2679 2684  
2680 2685  # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
2681 2686  
2682 2687  # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
2683 2688  # in March, until the first Sunday in November.  And, after the Time Zone
2684 2689  # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
  
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2685 2690  # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
2686 2691  # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
2687 2692  
2688 2693  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2689 2694  Zone Atlantic/Bermuda   -4:19:18 -      LMT     1930 Jan  1  2:00 # Hamilton
2690 2695                          -4:00   -       AST     1974 Apr 28  2:00
2691 2696                          -4:00   Canada  A%sT    1976
2692 2697                          -4:00   US      A%sT
2693 2698  
2694 2699  # Cayman Is
     2700 +# See America/Panama.
2695 2701  
2696      -# From Paul Eggert (2015-05-15):
2697      -# The Cayman government has decided to introduce DST in 2016, the idea being
2698      -# to keep in sync with New York.  The legislation hasn't passed but the change
2699      -# seems quite likely.  See: Meade B. Cayman 27.
2700      -# http://www.cayman27.com.ky/2015/05/15/clock-ticks-toward-daylight-saving-time-in-cayman
2701      -
2702      -Zone    America/Cayman  -5:25:32 -      LMT     1890     # Georgetown
2703      -                        -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
2704      -                        -5:00   -       EST     2016
2705      -                        -5:00   US      E%sT
2706      -
2707 2702  # Costa Rica
2708 2703  
2709 2704  # Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
2710 2705  
2711 2706  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2712 2707  Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Feb     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
2713 2708  Rule    CR      1979    1980    -       Jun     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
2714 2709  Rule    CR      1991    1992    -       Jan     Sat>=15 0:00    1:00    D
2715 2710  # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
2716 2711  # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2717 2712  Rule    CR      1991    only    -       Jul      1      0:00    0       S
2718 2713  Rule    CR      1992    only    -       Mar     15      0:00    0       S
2719 2714  # There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
2720 2715  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2721 2716  Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 -      LMT     1890        # San José
2722 2717                          -5:36:13 -      SJMT    1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
2723 2718                          -6:00   CR      C%sT
2724 2719  # Coco
2725 2720  # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
2726 2721  
2727 2722  # Cuba
2728 2723  
2729 2724  # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2730 2725  # Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
2731 2726  # for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
2732 2727  # For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
2733 2728  
2734 2729  # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
2735 2730  # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
2736 2731  # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
2737 2732  # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
2738 2733  # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
2739 2734  # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
2740 2735  # Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
2741 2736  # sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
2742 2737  # to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
2743 2738  # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
2744 2739  
2745 2740  # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
2746 2741  # DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
2747 2742  # years before.  The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
2748 2743  # https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
2749 2744  
2750 2745  # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
2751 2746  # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
2752 2747  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2753 2748  # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
2754 2749  # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
2755 2750  # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
2756 2751  # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
2757 2752  # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
2758 2753  
2759 2754  # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
2760 2755  # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
2761 2756  # adjustment in Cuba.  We will stay in daylight saving time:
2762 2757  # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
2763 2758  
2764 2759  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
2765 2760  # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
2766 2761  # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
2767 2762  # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
2768 2763  # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
2769 2764  # watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
2770 2765  # to the normal schedule....
2771 2766  
2772 2767  # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
2773 2768  # <http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html>, dated yesterday,
2774 2769  # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
2775 2770  # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
2776 2771  # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
2777 2772  #
2778 2773  # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
2779 2774  # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
2780 2775  # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
2781 2776  #
2782 2777  # He supplied these references:
2783 2778  #
2784 2779  # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
2785 2780  # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
2786 2781  #
2787 2782  # From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
2788 2783  # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
2789 2784  #
2790 2785  # Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
2791 2786  # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
2792 2787  #
2793 2788  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
2794 2789  
2795 2790  # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
2796 2791  # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
2797 2792  # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
2798 2793  # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
2799 2794  # a Cuban information station, and heard
2800 2795  # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
2801 2796  # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
2802 2797  
2803 2798  # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
2804 2799  # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
2805 2800  # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
2806 2801  # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
2807 2802  #
2808 2803  # Some more background information is posted here:
2809 2804  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
2810 2805  #
2811 2806  # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
2812 2807  # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
2813 2808  # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
2814 2809  # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
2815 2810  # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
2816 2811  # change some historic records as well.
2817 2812  #
2818 2813  # One example:
2819 2814  # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
2820 2815  
2821 2816  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
2822 2817  # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
2823 2818  # web site, the Granma.  Please check out
2824 2819  # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
2825 2820  #
2826 2821  # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
2827 2822  # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
2828 2823  
2829 2824  # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
2830 2825  # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
2831 2826  
2832 2827  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
2833 2828  # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
2834 2829  # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
2835 2830  # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
2836 2831  #
2837 2832  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
2838 2833  # (in Spanish)
2839 2834  
2840 2835  # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
2841 2836  # I listened over the Internet to
2842 2837  # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
2843 2838  # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
2844 2839  # the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
2845 2840  # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
2846 2841  
2847 2842  # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
2848 2843  # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
2849 2844  # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
2850 2845  # changed at all).
2851 2846  #
2852 2847  # Source:
2853 2848  # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
2854 2849  #
2855 2850  # Our info:
2856 2851  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
2857 2852  #
2858 2853  # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
2859 2854  # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
2860 2855  # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
2861 2856  #
2862 2857  # One source (Spanish)
2863 2858  # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
2864 2859  #
2865 2860  # Our page:
2866 2861  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
2867 2862  #
2868 2863  # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
2869 2864  # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
2870 2865  # 31 and April 1.
2871 2866  #
2872 2867  # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
2873 2868  # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
2874 2869  #
2875 2870  # Our info on it:
2876 2871  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
2877 2872  
2878 2873  # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
2879 2874  # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
2880 2875  # to standard time on 2012-11-04:
2881 2876  # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
2882 2877  # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
2883 2878  # For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
2884 2879  
2885 2880  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2886 2881  Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Jun     10      0:00    1:00    D
2887 2882  Rule    Cuba    1928    only    -       Oct     10      0:00    0       S
2888 2883  Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Jun     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
2889 2884  Rule    Cuba    1940    1942    -       Sep     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
2890 2885  Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Jun     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
2891 2886  Rule    Cuba    1945    1946    -       Sep     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
2892 2887  Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Jun     1       0:00    1:00    D
2893 2888  Rule    Cuba    1965    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       S
2894 2889  Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       May     29      0:00    1:00    D
2895 2890  Rule    Cuba    1966    only    -       Oct     2       0:00    0       S
2896 2891  Rule    Cuba    1967    only    -       Apr     8       0:00    1:00    D
2897 2892  Rule    Cuba    1967    1968    -       Sep     Sun>=8  0:00    0       S
2898 2893  Rule    Cuba    1968    only    -       Apr     14      0:00    1:00    D
2899 2894  Rule    Cuba    1969    1977    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
2900 2895  Rule    Cuba    1969    1971    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
2901 2896  Rule    Cuba    1972    1974    -       Oct     8       0:00    0       S
2902 2897  Rule    Cuba    1975    1977    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
2903 2898  Rule    Cuba    1978    only    -       May     7       0:00    1:00    D
2904 2899  Rule    Cuba    1978    1990    -       Oct     Sun>=8  0:00    0       S
2905 2900  Rule    Cuba    1979    1980    -       Mar     Sun>=15 0:00    1:00    D
2906 2901  Rule    Cuba    1981    1985    -       May     Sun>=5  0:00    1:00    D
2907 2902  Rule    Cuba    1986    1989    -       Mar     Sun>=14 0:00    1:00    D
2908 2903  Rule    Cuba    1990    1997    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
2909 2904  Rule    Cuba    1991    1995    -       Oct     Sun>=8  0:00s   0       S
2910 2905  Rule    Cuba    1996    only    -       Oct      6      0:00s   0       S
2911 2906  Rule    Cuba    1997    only    -       Oct     12      0:00s   0       S
2912 2907  Rule    Cuba    1998    1999    -       Mar     lastSun 0:00s   1:00    D
2913 2908  Rule    Cuba    1998    2003    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S
2914 2909  Rule    Cuba    2000    2003    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00s   1:00    D
2915 2910  Rule    Cuba    2004    only    -       Mar     lastSun 0:00s   1:00    D
2916 2911  Rule    Cuba    2006    2010    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00s   0       S
2917 2912  Rule    Cuba    2007    only    -       Mar     Sun>=8  0:00s   1:00    D
2918 2913  Rule    Cuba    2008    only    -       Mar     Sun>=15 0:00s   1:00    D
2919 2914  Rule    Cuba    2009    2010    -       Mar     Sun>=8  0:00s   1:00    D
2920 2915  Rule    Cuba    2011    only    -       Mar     Sun>=15 0:00s   1:00    D
2921 2916  Rule    Cuba    2011    only    -       Nov     13      0:00s   0       S
2922 2917  Rule    Cuba    2012    only    -       Apr     1       0:00s   1:00    D
2923 2918  Rule    Cuba    2012    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  0:00s   0       S
2924 2919  Rule    Cuba    2013    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  0:00s   1:00    D
2925 2920  
2926 2921  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2927 2922  Zone    America/Havana  -5:29:28 -      LMT     1890
2928 2923                          -5:29:36 -      HMT     1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
2929 2924                          -5:00   Cuba    C%sT
2930 2925  
2931 2926  # Dominica
2932 2927  # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2933 2928  
2934 2929  # Dominican Republic
2935 2930  
2936 2931  # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
2937 2932  # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
2938 2933  # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
2939 2934  # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
2940 2935  
2941 2936  # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2942 2937  # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
2943 2938  
2944 2939  # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
2945 2940  # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
2946 2941  # November 28, 2000, with a new decree.  On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
2947 2942  # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
2948 2943  # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future.  The reason they
2949 2944  # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
2950 2945  # to implement DST.  When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
2951 2946  # decided to revert.
2952 2947  
2953 2948  
2954 2949  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2955 2950  Rule    DR      1966    only    -       Oct     30      0:00    1:00    D
2956 2951  Rule    DR      1967    only    -       Feb     28      0:00    0       S
2957 2952  Rule    DR      1969    1973    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0:30    HD
2958 2953  Rule    DR      1970    only    -       Feb     21      0:00    0       S
2959 2954  Rule    DR      1971    only    -       Jan     20      0:00    0       S
2960 2955  Rule    DR      1972    1974    -       Jan     21      0:00    0       S
2961 2956  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2962 2957  Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -   LMT     1890
2963 2958                          -4:40   -       SDMT    1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
2964 2959                          -5:00   DR      E%sT    1974 Oct 27
2965 2960                          -4:00   -       AST     2000 Oct 29  2:00
2966 2961                          -5:00   US      E%sT    2000 Dec  3  1:00
2967 2962                          -4:00   -       AST
2968 2963  
2969 2964  # El Salvador
2970 2965  
2971 2966  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
2972 2967  Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
2973 2968  Rule    Salv    1987    1988    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
2974 2969  # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
2975 2970  # instead of America/San_Salvador.
2976 2971  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2977 2972  Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -     LMT     1921 # San Salvador
2978 2973                          -6:00   Salv    C%sT
2979 2974  
2980 2975  # Grenada
2981 2976  # Guadeloupe
2982 2977  # St Barthélemy
2983 2978  # St Martin (French part)
2984 2979  # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2985 2980  
2986 2981  # Guatemala
2987 2982  #
2988 2983  # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
2989 2984  # Diario Co Latino, at
2990 2985  # <http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079>,
2991 2986  # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
2992 2987  # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
2993 2988  # impact of the elevated cost of oil....  Daylight saving time will last from
2994 2989  # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
2995 2990  # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
2996 2991  # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
2997 2992  # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00.  See
2998 2993  # http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
2999 2994  
3000 2995  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3001 2996  Rule    Guat    1973    only    -       Nov     25      0:00    1:00    D
3002 2997  Rule    Guat    1974    only    -       Feb     24      0:00    0       S
3003 2998  Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       May     21      0:00    1:00    D
3004 2999  Rule    Guat    1983    only    -       Sep     22      0:00    0       S
3005 3000  Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Mar     23      0:00    1:00    D
3006 3001  Rule    Guat    1991    only    -       Sep      7      0:00    0       S
3007 3002  Rule    Guat    2006    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    D
3008 3003  Rule    Guat    2006    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       S
3009 3004  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3010 3005  Zone America/Guatemala  -6:02:04 -      LMT     1918 Oct 5
3011 3006                          -6:00   Guat    C%sT
3012 3007  
3013 3008  # Haiti
3014 3009  # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
3015 3010  # Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
3016 3011  # I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
3017 3012  # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
3018 3013  # <http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc>.  Translated from French, it says:
3019 3014  #
3020 3015  #  "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
3021 3016  #   and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
3022 3017  #   Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
3023 3018  #   provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
3024 3019  #   Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
3025 3020  #
3026 3021  #  "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
3027 3022  #   the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
3028 3023  #   starting at midnight.  This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
3029 3024  #   October 2005.
3030 3025  #
3031 3026  #  "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
3032 3027  #
3033 3028  # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
3034 3029  # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
3035 3030  # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
3036 3031  # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
3037 3032  # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
3038 3033  #
3039 3034  # I have found this article about it (in French):
3040 3035  # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
3041 3036  #
3042 3037  # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
3043 3038  
3044 3039  # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
3045 3040  # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
3046 3041  
3047 3042  # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
3048 3043  # According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
3049 3044  # apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
3050 3045  # So this means they have already changed their time.
3051 3046  #
3052 3047  # http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
3053 3048  # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
3054 3049  #
3055 3050  # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
3056 3051  # The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
3057 3052  # 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
  
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3058 3053  # Assume a US-style fall back as well.
3059 3054  
3060 3055  # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
3061 3056  # It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
3062 3057  # as US/Canada.  They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
3063 3058  # are going to observe DST every year now...
3064 3059  #
3065 3060  # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
3066 3061  # http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
3067 3062  
     3063 +# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-12):
     3064 +# Jean Antoine, editor of www.haiti-reference.com informed us that Haiti
     3065 +# are not going on DST this year.  Several other resources confirm this: ...
     3066 +# http://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/presse/heure_d_t_pas_de_changement_d_heure_pr_vu_pour_cet_ann_e.html
     3067 +# http://www.vantbefinfo.com/changement-dheure-pas-pour-haiti/
     3068 +# http://news.anmwe.com/haiti-lheure-nationale-ne-sera-ni-avancee-ni-reculee-cette-annee/
     3069 +
3068 3070  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3069 3071  Rule    Haiti   1983    only    -       May     8       0:00    1:00    D
3070 3072  Rule    Haiti   1984    1987    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    D
3071 3073  Rule    Haiti   1983    1987    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3072 3074  # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
3073 3075  # Go with IATA.
3074 3076  Rule    Haiti   1988    1997    -       Apr     Sun>=1  1:00s   1:00    D
3075 3077  Rule    Haiti   1988    1997    -       Oct     lastSun 1:00s   0       S
3076 3078  Rule    Haiti   2005    2006    -       Apr     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
3077 3079  Rule    Haiti   2005    2006    -       Oct     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3078      -Rule    Haiti   2012    max     -       Mar     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
3079      -Rule    Haiti   2012    max     -       Nov     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S
     3080 +Rule    Haiti   2012    2015    -       Mar     Sun>=8  2:00    1:00    D
     3081 +Rule    Haiti   2012    2015    -       Nov     Sun>=1  2:00    0       S
3080 3082  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3081 3083  Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -  LMT     1890
3082 3084                          -4:49   -       PPMT    1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
3083 3085                          -5:00   Haiti   E%sT
3084 3086  
3085 3087  # Honduras
3086 3088  # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
3087 3089  
3088 3090  # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
3089 3091  # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
3090 3092  # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
3091 3093  # months until September.  La Tribuna reported today
3092 3094  # <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
3093 3095  # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
3094 3096  
3095 3097  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
3096 3098  # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
3097 3099  # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
3098 3100  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
3099 3101  
3100 3102  # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
3101 3103  # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
3102 3104  # http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
3103 3105  # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
3104 3106  
3105 3107  # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
3106 3108  # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
3107 3109  # published, I have located this authoritative source:
3108 3110  # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
3109 3111  
3110 3112  # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
3111 3113  # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
3112 3114  # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
3113 3115  
3114 3116  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3115 3117  Rule    Hond    1987    1988    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
3116 3118  Rule    Hond    1987    1988    -       Sep     lastSun 0:00    0       S
3117 3119  Rule    Hond    2006    only    -       May     Sun>=1  0:00    1:00    D
3118 3120  Rule    Hond    2006    only    -       Aug     Mon>=1  0:00    0       S
3119 3121  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3120 3122  Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -     LMT     1921 Apr
3121 3123                          -6:00   Hond    C%sT
3122 3124  #
3123 3125  # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
3124 3126  
3125 3127  # Jamaica
3126 3128  # Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
3127 3129  # unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
3128 3130  # island".  Go with Milne.  Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
3129 3131  #
3130 3132  # Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but
3131 3133  # Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5.
3132 3134  # Assume Neita meant Jan 6 02:00, the same as the US.  Neita also writes that
3133 3135  # Manley's supporters associated this act with Manley's nickname "Joshua"
3134 3136  # (recall that in the Bible the sun stood still at Joshua's request),
3135 3137  # and with the Rod of Correction which Manley said he had received from
3136 3138  # Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia.  See:
3137 3139  # Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
3138 3140  # http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
3139 3141  #
3140 3142  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3141 3143  Zone    America/Jamaica -5:07:11 -      LMT     1890        # Kingston
3142 3144                          -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
3143 3145                          -5:00   -       EST     1974
3144 3146                          -5:00   US      E%sT    1984
3145 3147                          -5:00   -       EST
3146 3148  
3147 3149  # Martinique
3148 3150  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3149 3151  Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 -      LMT     1890        # Fort-de-France
3150 3152                          -4:04:20 -      FFMT    1911 May    # Fort-de-France MT
3151 3153                          -4:00   -       AST     1980 Apr  6
3152 3154                          -4:00   1:00    ADT     1980 Sep 28
3153 3155                          -4:00   -       AST
3154 3156  
3155 3157  # Montserrat
3156 3158  # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3157 3159  
3158 3160  # Nicaragua
3159 3161  #
3160 3162  # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
3161 3163  #
3162 3164  # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
3163 3165  # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
3164 3166  # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
3165 3167  # expensive petroleum.  The exact end date for DST is not yet
3166 3168  # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
3167 3169  # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
3168 3170  # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
3169 3171  # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
3170 3172  # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
3171 3173  #
3172 3174  # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
3173 3175  # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
3174 3176  # assume that it is daylight saving....
3175 3177  #
3176 3178  # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
3177 3179  # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
3178 3180  # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
3179 3181  # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
3180 3182  # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
3181 3183  # during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
3182 3184  # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
3183 3185  # since December 1998.  I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
3184 3186  # changes in 2000.  Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
3185 3187  # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
3186 3188  #
3187 3189  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
3188 3190  # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
3189 3191  # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
3190 3192  # (2005-09-26)
3191 3193  #
3192 3194  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
3193 3195  # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
3194 3196  # (my informal translation)
3195 3197  # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
3196 3198  # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
3197 3199  # morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
3198 3200  #
3199 3201  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
3200 3202  # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
3201 3203  # My informal translation runs:
3202 3204  # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
3203 3205  # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
3204 3206  #
3205 3207  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
3206 3208  Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Mar     Sun>=16 0:00    1:00    D
3207 3209  Rule    Nic     1979    1980    -       Jun     Mon>=23 0:00    0       S
3208 3210  Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Apr     10      0:00    1:00    D
3209 3211  Rule    Nic     2005    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1  0:00    0       S
3210 3212  Rule    Nic     2006    only    -       Apr     30      2:00    1:00    D
3211 3213  Rule    Nic     2006    only    -       Oct     Sun>=1  1:00    0       S
3212 3214  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3213 3215  Zone    America/Managua -5:45:08 -      LMT     1890
3214 3216                          -5:45:12 -      MMT     1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
3215 3217                          -6:00   -       CST     1973 May
3216 3218                          -5:00   -       EST     1975 Feb 16
3217 3219                          -6:00   Nic     C%sT    1992 Jan  1  4:00
  
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3218 3220                          -5:00   -       EST     1992 Sep 24
3219 3221                          -6:00   -       CST     1993
3220 3222                          -5:00   -       EST     1997
3221 3223                          -6:00   Nic     C%sT
3222 3224  
3223 3225  # Panama
3224 3226  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3225 3227  Zone    America/Panama  -5:18:08 -      LMT     1890
3226 3228                          -5:19:36 -      CMT     1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
3227 3229                          -5:00   -       EST
     3230 +Link America/Panama America/Cayman
3228 3231  
3229 3232  # Puerto Rico
3230 3233  # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
3231 3234  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3232 3235  Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -     LMT     1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
3233 3236                          -4:00   -       AST     1942 May  3
3234 3237                          -4:00   US      A%sT    1946
3235 3238                          -4:00   -       AST
3236 3239  
3237 3240  # St Kitts-Nevis
3238 3241  # St Lucia
3239 3242  # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3240 3243  
3241 3244  # St Pierre and Miquelon
3242 3245  # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
3243 3246  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3244 3247  Zone America/Miquelon   -3:44:40 -      LMT     1911 May 15 # St Pierre
3245 3248                          -4:00   -       AST     1980 May
3246 3249                          -3:00   -       PMST    1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
3247 3250                          -3:00   Canada  PM%sT
3248 3251  
3249 3252  # St Vincent and the Grenadines
3250 3253  # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3251 3254  
3252 3255  # Turks and Caicos
3253 3256  #
3254 3257  # From Chris Dunn in
3255 3258  # http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007
3256 3259  # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
3257 3260  # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
3258 3261  # the recent U.S. change of dates.
3259 3262  #
3260 3263  # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
3261 3264  # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
3262 3265  # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
3263 3266  # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
3264 3267  # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
3265 3268  # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
3266 3269  # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
3267 3270  #
3268 3271  # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
3269 3272  # The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UTC-4 year-round.  See:
3270 3273  # http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
3271 3274  # Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
3272 3275  # From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
3273 3276  # ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to
3274 3277  # "permanent daylight saving time" by one year....
3275 3278  # http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm
3276 3279  #
3277 3280  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
3278 3281  Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 -      LMT     1890
3279 3282                          -5:07:11 -      KMT     1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3280 3283                          -5:00   -       EST     1979
3281 3284                          -5:00   US      E%sT    2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00
3282 3285                          -4:00   -       AST
3283 3286  
3284 3287  # British Virgin Is
3285 3288  # Virgin Is
3286 3289  # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3287 3290  
3288 3291  
3289 3292  # Local Variables:
3290 3293  # coding: utf-8
3291 3294  # End:
  
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