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6870 Update zoneinfo to 2016c
Reviewed by: Jason King <jason.brian.king@gmail.com>
Reviewed by: Igor Kozhukhov <ikozhukhov@gmail.com>
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--- old/usr/src/cmd/zic/asia
+++ new/usr/src/cmd/zic/asia
1 1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3 3
4 4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8 8
9 9 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
10 10 #
11 11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 15 #
16 16 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17 17 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18 18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 22 #
23 23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 26 #
27 27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 29 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30 30 #
31 31 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
32 32 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
33 33 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
34 34 #
35 35 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
36 36 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
37 37 #
38 38 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
39 39 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
40 40 # Corrections are welcome!
41 41 # std dst
42 42 # LMT Local Mean Time
43 43 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
44 44 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
45 45 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
46 46 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran*
47 47 # 4:00 GST Gulf*
48 48 # 5:30 IST India
49 49 # 7:00 ICT Indochina, most times and locations*
50 50 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
51 51 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
52 52 # 8:00 CST China
53 53 # 8:00 IDT Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)*
54 54 # 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
55 55 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830*
56 56 # 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
57 57 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
58 58 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
59 59 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
60 60 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
61 61 #
62 62 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
63 63
64 64 # From Guy Harris:
65 65 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
66 66 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
67 67 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
68 68 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
69 69
70 70 ###############################################################################
71 71
72 72 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
73 73 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
74 74 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
75 75 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
76 76 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
77 77 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
78 78 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
79 79 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
80 80 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
81 81 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
82 82 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
83 83 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
84 84 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
85 85 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
86 86 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
87 87 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
88 88 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
89 89
90 90 # Afghanistan
91 91 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
92 92 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
93 93 4:00 - AFT 1945
94 94 4:30 - AFT
95 95
96 96 # Armenia
97 97 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
98 98 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
99 99 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
100 100 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
101 101 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
102 102 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
103 103 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
104 104 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
105 105 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
106 106
107 107 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
108 108 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
109 109 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
110 110
111 111 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
112 112 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
113 113 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
114 114 #
115 115 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
116 116 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
117 117 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
118 118 # or
119 119 # (brief)
120 120 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
121 121 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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121 lines elided |
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122 122 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
123 123 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
124 124 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
125 125 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
126 126 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
127 127 4:00 - AMT 1997
128 128 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s
129 129 4:00 - AMT
130 130
131 131 # Azerbaijan
132 +
132 133 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
133 134 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
134 135 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
135 136 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
137 +
138 +# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
139 +# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
140 +# daylight saving time....
141 +# http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
142 +# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
143 +# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
144 +
136 145 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
137 -Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
138 -Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
146 +Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
147 +Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
139 148 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
140 149 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
141 150 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
142 151 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
143 152 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
144 153 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
145 154 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan Time
146 155 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
147 156 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
148 157
149 158 # Bahrain
150 159 # See Asia/Qatar.
151 160
152 161 # Bangladesh
153 162 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
154 163 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
155 164 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
156 165 #
157 166 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
158 167 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
159 168 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
160 169 #
161 170 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
162 171 # June
163 172 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
164 173 # crippling power crisis. "
165 174 #
166 175 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
167 176 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
168 177
169 178 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
170 179 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
171 180 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
172 181 #
173 182 # Some sources:
174 183 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
175 184 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
176 185 #
177 186 # Our wrap-up:
178 187 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
179 188
180 189 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
181 190 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
182 191 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
183 192 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
184 193 #
185 194 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
186 195
187 196 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
188 197 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
189 198 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
190 199 #
191 200 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
192 201 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
193 202 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
194 203 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
195 204
196 205 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
197 206 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
198 207 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
199 208 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
200 209 # "continue for an indefinite period."
201 210 #
202 211 # One of many places where it is published:
203 212 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
204 213
205 214 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
206 215 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
207 216 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
208 217 #
209 218 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
210 219 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
211 220 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
212 221 #
213 222 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
214 223 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
215 224 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
216 225 # Minister's Office last night..."
217 226
218 227 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
219 228 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
220 229 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
221 230 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
222 231 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
223 232
224 233 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
225 234 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
226 235 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
227 236
228 237 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
229 238 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
230 239 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
231 240 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
232 241 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
233 242 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
234 243 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
235 244 6:00 - BDT 2009
236 245 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT
237 246
238 247 # Bhutan
239 248 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
240 249 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
241 250 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
242 251 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
243 252
244 253 # British Indian Ocean Territory
245 254 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
246 255 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
247 256 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
248 257 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
249 258 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
250 259 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
251 260 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
252 261 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
253 262 6:00 - IOT
254 263
255 264 # Brunei
256 265 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
257 266 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
258 267 7:30 - BNT 1933
259 268 8:00 - BNT
260 269
261 270 # Burma / Myanmar
262 271
263 272 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
264 273
265 274 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
266 275 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
267 276 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
268 277 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
269 278 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
270 279 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
271 280
272 281 # Cambodia
273 282 # See Asia/Bangkok.
274 283
275 284
276 285 # China
277 286
278 287 # From Guy Harris:
279 288 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
280 289
281 290 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
282 291 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
283 292 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
284 293 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
285 294 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
286 295 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
287 296 #
288 297 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
289 298 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
290 299 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
291 300 #
292 301 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
293 302 # 1987 mid-April - ??
294 303
295 304 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
296 305 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
297 306 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
298 307
299 308 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
300 309 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
301 310 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
302 311 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
303 312
304 313 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
305 314 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
306 315 # this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer
307 316 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
308 317 # go with them for DST rules as follows:
309 318 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
310 319 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
311 320 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
312 321 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
313 322 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
314 323 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
315 324 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
316 325
317 326 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
318 327 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
319 328 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
320 329 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
321 330 #
322 331 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
323 332 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
324 333 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
325 334 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
326 335 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
327 336 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
328 337 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
329 338 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
330 339 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
331 340 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
332 341
333 342 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
334 343 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
335 344 #
336 345 # (1)
337 346 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
338 347 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
339 348 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
340 349 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
341 350 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
342 351 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
343 352 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
344 353 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
345 354 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
346 355 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
347 356 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
348 357 # could well have ignored any such mandate.
349 358 #
350 359 # (2)
351 360 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
352 361 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
353 362 # [undated and unknown publication location]
354 363 # It says several things:
355 364 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
356 365 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
357 366 # the official calendar book of 1914.
358 367 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
359 368 # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
360 369 # Observatory and set to local mean time.
361 370 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
362 371 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
363 372 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
364 373 # became used by railways as well.
365 374 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
366 375 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
367 376 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
368 377 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
369 378 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
370 379 # Japanese-occupied territory.
371 380 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
372 381 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
373 382 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
374 383 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
375 384 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
376 385 #
377 386 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
378 387 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
379 388 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
380 389 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
381 390 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8.
382 391 #
383 392 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
384 393 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
385 394 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
386 395 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
387 396 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
388 397 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
389 398 #
390 399 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5
391 400 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
392 401 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
393 402 #
394 403 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8
395 404 # Asia/Shanghai
396 405 # most of China
397 406 # This currently represents most other zones as well,
398 407 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
399 408 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
400 409 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century".
401 410 #
402 411 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7
403 412 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
404 413 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
405 414 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
406 415 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
407 416 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
408 417 #
409 418 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6
410 419 # Asia/Urumqi
411 420 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
412 421 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
413 422 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
414 423 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
415 424 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
416 425 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
417 426 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
418 427 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
419 428 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
420 429 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
421 430 #
422 431 # Kunlun Time UT+5.5
423 432 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
424 433 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
425 434 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
426 435 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
427 436 # and Yarkand.
428 437
429 438 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
430 439 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
431 440 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
432 441 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
433 442 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
434 443 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
435 444 #
436 445 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
437 446 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
438 447 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
439 448 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
440 449 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
441 450 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
442 451 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
443 452 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
444 453 #
445 454 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
446 455 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
447 456 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
448 457 #
449 458 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
450 459 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
451 460 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
452 461 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
453 462 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
454 463
455 464 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
456 465 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
457 466 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
458 467 #
459 468 # 1. Wulumuqi...
460 469 # 2. Kashi...
461 470 # 3. Urumqi...
462 471 # 4. Kashgar...
463 472 # ...
464 473 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
465 474 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
466 475 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
467 476 #
468 477 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
469 478 # start date for Xinjiang time.
470 479 #
471 480 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
472 481 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
473 482 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
474 483 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
475 484
476 485 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
477 486 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
478 487 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
479 488
480 489 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
481 490 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
482 491 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
483 492 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
484 493 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
485 494 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
486 495 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
487 496 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
488 497 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
489 498 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
490 499 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
491 500 # having the same time as Beijing.
492 501
493 502 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
494 503 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but
495 504 # this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
496 505 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
497 506 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
498 507 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
499 508 #
500 509 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
501 510 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
502 511 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
503 512 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
504 513 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
505 514 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
506 515 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
507 516 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
508 517 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
509 518 # XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
510 519 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
511 520 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before
512 521 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and
513 522 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
514 523 # UT+8 mandate back then.
515 524
516 525 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
517 526 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
518 527 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
519 528 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
520 529 8:00 PRC C%sT
521 530 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
522 531 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
523 532 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
524 533 6:00 - XJT
525 534
526 535
527 536 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
528 537
529 538 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
530 539
531 540 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
532 541 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
533 542 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
534 543 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
535 544 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
536 545 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
537 546 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
538 547 # obtained from
539 548 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
540 549
541 550 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
542 551 # Here are the dates given at
543 552 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
544 553 # as of 2009-10-28:
545 554 # Year Period
546 555 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
547 556 # 1942 Whole year
548 557 # 1943 Whole year
549 558 # 1944 Whole year
550 559 # 1945 Whole year
551 560 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
552 561 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
553 562 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
554 563 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
555 564 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
556 565 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
557 566 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
558 567 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
559 568 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
560 569 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
561 570 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
562 571 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
563 572 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
564 573 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
565 574 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
566 575 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
567 576 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
568 577 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
569 578 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
570 579 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
571 580 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
572 581 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
573 582 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
574 583 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
575 584 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
576 585 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
577 586 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
578 587 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
579 588 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
580 589 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
581 590 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
582 591 # 1977 Nil
583 592 # 1978 Nil
584 593 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
585 594 # 1980 to Now Nil
586 595 # The page does not give start or end times of day.
587 596 # The page does not give a start date for 1942.
588 597 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
589 598 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
590 599 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
591 600 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
592 601
593 602 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
594 603 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
595 604 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
596 605 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
597 606 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
598 607 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
599 608 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
600 609 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
601 610 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
602 611 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
603 612 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
604 613 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
605 614 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
606 615 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
607 616 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
608 617 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
609 618 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
610 619 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
611 620 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
612 621 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
613 622 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
614 623 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
615 624 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
616 625 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
617 626 8:00 HK HK%sT
618 627
619 628 ###############################################################################
620 629
621 630 # Taiwan
622 631
623 632 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
624 633 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
625 634 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
626 635 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
627 636
628 637 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
629 638 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
630 639 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
631 640 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
632 641 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
633 642 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
634 643 # found on Wikisource:
635 644 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
636 645 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
637 646 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
638 647 # declared officially.
639 648 #
640 649 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
641 650 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
642 651 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
643 652 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
644 653 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
645 654 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
646 655 # (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
647 656 # be found on Wikisource:
648 657 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
649 658 #
650 659 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
651 660
652 661 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
653 662 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
654 663 # back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
655 664 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
656 665 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another
657 666 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
658 667 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
659 668 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
660 669 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
661 670 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
662 671 # that:
663 672 #
664 673 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
665 674 # the time at 135E (GMT+9)
666 675 #
667 676 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
668 677 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
669 678 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
670 679 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
671 680 #
672 681 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
673 682 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
674 683 # Time.
675 684 #
676 685 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
677 686 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
678 687 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
679 688 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
680 689 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
681 690 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
682 691
683 692 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
684 693 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
685 694 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General
686 695 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
687 696 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
688 697 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
689 698 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more
690 699 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
691 700 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
692 701 # would be a good one.
693 702 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
694 703 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
695 704
696 705 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
697 706 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
698 707 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
699 708 #
700 709 # Original Bulletin:
701 710 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
702 711 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
703 712 #
704 713 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
705 714 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
706 715 #
707 716 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
708 717 #
709 718 # Here is a brief translation:
710 719 #
711 720 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
712 721 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
713 722 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
714 723 #
715 724 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
716 725 # be found from historical government announcement database.
717 726
718 727 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
719 728 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01
720 729 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
721 730 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
722 731
723 732 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
724 733 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
725 734 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
726 735 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
727 736 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
728 737 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
729 738 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
730 739 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
731 740 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
732 741 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
733 742 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
734 743 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
735 744 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
736 745 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
737 746 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
738 747 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
739 748
740 749 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
741 750 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
742 751 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
743 752 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1
744 753 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
745 754 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
746 755
747 756 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
748 757 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
749 758 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
750 759 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
751 760 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
752 761 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
753 762 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
754 763 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
755 764 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
756 765 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
757 766 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
758 767 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
759 768 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
760 769 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
761 770 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
762 771 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
763 772 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
764 773 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
765 774 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
766 775 8:00 PRC C%sT
767 776
768 777
769 778 ###############################################################################
770 779
771 780 # Cyprus
772 781 #
773 782 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
774 783 #
775 784 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
776 785 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
777 786 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
778 787 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
779 788 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
780 789 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
781 790 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
782 791 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
783 792 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
784 793 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
785 794 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
786 795 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
787 796 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
788 797 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
789 798 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
790 799
791 800 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
792 801 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
793 802 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
794 803
795 804 # Georgia
796 805 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
797 806 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
798 807 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
799 808 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
800 809 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
801 810 #
802 811 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
803 812 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
804 813 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
805 814 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
806 815 #
807 816 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
808 817 #
809 818 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
810 819 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
811 820 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
812 821 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
813 822 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
814 823 # of integration into Europe.
815 824
816 825 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
817 826 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
818 827 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
819 828 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
820 829 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
821 830 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
822 831 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
823 832 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
824 833 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
825 834
826 835 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
827 836 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
828 837 # Go with Byalokoz.
829 838
830 839 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
831 840 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
832 841 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
833 842 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
834 843 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
835 844 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
836 845 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
837 846 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
838 847 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
839 848 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
840 849 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
841 850 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
842 851 4:00 - GET
843 852
844 853 # East Timor
845 854
846 855 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
847 856
848 857 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
849 858 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
850 859 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
851 860 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
852 861 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
853 862 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
854 863 # conflicts with their way of life.
855 864
856 865 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
857 866 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
858 867 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
859 868
860 869 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
861 870 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
862 871 # (2000-08-16):
863 872 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
864 873 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
865 874 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
866 875 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
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867 876
868 877 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
869 878 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
870 879 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
871 880 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
872 881 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
873 882 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 0:00
874 883 9:00 - TLT
875 884
876 885 # India
886 +
887 +# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
888 +# http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
889 +# (2015-12-22):
890 +# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
891 +# outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of
892 +# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this
893 +# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century.
894 +
877 895 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
878 896 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
879 897 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
880 898 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
881 899 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
882 900 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
883 901 5:30 - IST
884 902 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
885 903 # Andaman Is
886 904 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
887 905 # Nicobar Is
888 906
889 907 # Indonesia
890 908 #
891 909 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
892 910 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
893 911 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
894 912 #
895 913 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
896 914 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
897 915 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
898 916 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
899 917 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
900 918 #
901 919 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
902 920 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
903 921 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
904 922 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
905 923 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
906 924 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
907 925 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
908 926 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
909 927 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
910 928 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
911 929 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
912 930 # switched on 1945-09-23.
913 931 #
914 932 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
915 933 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
916 934 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
917 935 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
918 936 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
919 937 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
920 938 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
921 939 # The abbreviations are:
922 940 #
923 941 # WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
924 942 # WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
925 943 # WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
926 944 #
927 945 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
928 946 # Java, Sumatra
929 947 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
930 948 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
931 949 # but this must be a typo.
932 950 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
933 951 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
934 952 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23
935 953 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
936 954 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
937 955 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
938 956 7:30 - WIB 1964
939 957 7:00 - WIB
940 958 # west and central Borneo
941 959 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
942 960 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
943 961 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29
944 962 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
945 963 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
946 964 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
947 965 7:30 - WIB 1964
948 966 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
949 967 7:00 - WIB
950 968 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
951 969 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
952 970 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
953 971 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9
954 972 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
955 973 8:00 - WITA
956 974 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
957 975 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
958 976 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1
959 977 9:30 - ACST 1964
960 978 9:00 - WIT
961 979
962 980 # Iran
963 981
964 982 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
965 983 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
966 984 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
967 985 #
968 986 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
969 987 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
970 988 #
971 989 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
972 990 #
973 991 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
974 992 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
975 993 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
976 994 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
977 995 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
978 996 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
979 997 #
980 998 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
981 999 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
982 1000 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
983 1001 # Shahrivar.
984 1002 #
985 1003 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
986 1004 #
987 1005 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
988 1006 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
989 1007 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
990 1008 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
991 1009 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
992 1010 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
993 1011 #
994 1012 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
995 1013 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
996 1014 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
997 1015 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
998 1016 # plan to change that law....
999 1017 #
1000 1018 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1001 1019 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
1002 1020 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
1003 1021 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
1004 1022 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
1005 1023 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
1006 1024 #
1007 1025 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
1008 1026 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1009 1027 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1010 1028 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1011 1029 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1012 1030 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1013 1031 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
1014 1032 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
1015 1033 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
1016 1034 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
1017 1035 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
1018 1036 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
1019 1037 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
1020 1038 #
1021 1039 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
1022 1040 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
1023 1041 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
1024 1042 #
1025 1043 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
1026 1044 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
1027 1045 # daylight saving time ...
1028 1046 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
1029 1047 #
1030 1048 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
1031 1049 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
1032 1050 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1033 1051 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
1034 1052 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
1035 1053 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
1036 1054 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
1037 1055 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
1038 1056 #
1039 1057 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1040 1058 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1041 1059 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
1042 1060 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
1043 1061 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
1044 1062 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
1045 1063 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1046 1064 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1047 1065 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1048 1066 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1049 1067 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1050 1068 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1051 1069 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1052 1070 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1053 1071 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1054 1072 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1055 1073 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1056 1074 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1057 1075 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1058 1076 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1059 1077 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1060 1078 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1061 1079 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1062 1080 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1063 1081 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1064 1082 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1065 1083 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1066 1084 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1067 1085 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1068 1086 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1069 1087 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1070 1088 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1071 1089 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1072 1090 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1073 1091 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1074 1092 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1075 1093 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1076 1094 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
|
↓ open down ↓ |
190 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
1077 1095 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1078 1096 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1079 1097 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1080 1098 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1081 1099 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1082 1100 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1083 1101 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1084 1102 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1085 1103 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1086 1104 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1087 -Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1088 -Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1105 +#
1106 +# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
1107 +# These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
1108 +# restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
1109 +# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
1110 +# possibly Iran will change the rules first.
1111 +Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1112 +Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1113 +
1089 1114 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1090 1115 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
1091 1116 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
1092 1117 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
1093 1118 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
1094 1119 3:30 Iran IR%sT
1095 1120
1096 1121
1097 1122 # Iraq
1098 1123 #
1099 1124 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1100 1125 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1101 1126 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1102 1127 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1103 1128 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1104 1129 #
1105 1130 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1106 1131 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1107 1132 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
1108 1133 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
1109 1134 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1110 1135 #
1111 1136 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1112 1137
1113 1138 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1114 1139 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1115 1140 # news sources (in Arabic):
1116 1141 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
1117 1142 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1118 1143 #
1119 1144 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1120 1145 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1121 1146
1122 1147 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1123 1148 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1124 1149 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1125 1150 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1126 1151 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1127 1152 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
1128 1153 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
1129 1154 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
1130 1155 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1131 1156 #
1132 1157 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
1133 1158 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
1134 1159 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1135 1160 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1136 1161 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1137 1162 3:00 - AST 1982 May
1138 1163 3:00 Iraq A%sT
1139 1164
1140 1165
1141 1166 ###############################################################################
1142 1167
1143 1168 # Israel
1144 1169
1145 1170 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1146 1171 #
1147 1172 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1148 1173 # different abbreviations in use:
1149 1174 #
1150 1175 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1151 1176 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1152 1177 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1153 1178 #
1154 1179 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1155 1180 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1156 1181 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1157 1182 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1158 1183 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1159 1184 # settings in Israeli computers.
1160 1185 #
1161 1186 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1162 1187 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1163 1188 # family is from India).
1164 1189
1165 1190 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1166 1191 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1167 1192 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1168 1193 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1169 1194 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1170 1195 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1171 1196 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1172 1197 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1173 1198 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
1174 1199 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1175 1200 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
1176 1201 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
1177 1202 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1178 1203 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1179 1204 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1180 1205 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
1181 1206 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1182 1207 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
1183 1208 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
1184 1209 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
1185 1210 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
1186 1211 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
1187 1212 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
1188 1213 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
1189 1214 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
1190 1215 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
1191 1216 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
1192 1217 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
1193 1218 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
1194 1219 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1195 1220 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
1196 1221 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
1197 1222 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
1198 1223 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
1199 1224 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1200 1225 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1201 1226 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
1202 1227 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1203 1228 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
1204 1229 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1205 1230
1206 1231 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
1207 1232 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
1208 1233 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
1209 1234 # ends and changes to Sunday.
1210 1235 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
1211 1236 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
1212 1237
1213 1238 # From Ephraim Silverberg
1214 1239 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1215 1240 # and 2005-02-17):
1216 1241
1217 1242 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1218 1243 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1219 1244 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1220 1245 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1221 1246 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1222 1247 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1223 1248 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1224 1249 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1225 1250 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1226 1251 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1227 1252 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1228 1253 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1229 1254 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1230 1255 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1231 1256 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1232 1257 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1233 1258 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1234 1259 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1235 1260 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1236 1261 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1237 1262 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1238 1263 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1239 1264
1240 1265 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1241 1266 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1242 1267 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1243 1268 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1244 1269 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1245 1270 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1246 1271 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1247 1272 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1248 1273 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1249 1274 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1250 1275 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1251 1276
1252 1277 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1253 1278 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1254 1279 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1255 1280
1256 1281 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1257 1282 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1258 1283 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1259 1284 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1260 1285 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1261 1286
1262 1287 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1263 1288 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1264 1289 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1265 1290 #
1266 1291 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1267 1292 #
1268 1293 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1269 1294 #
1270 1295 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1271 1296 #
1272 1297 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1273 1298 #
1274 1299 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
1275 1300
1276 1301 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1277 1302 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1278 1303 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1279 1304 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1280 1305 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1281 1306 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1282 1307 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1283 1308 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1284 1309 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1285 1310
1286 1311 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1287 1312 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1288 1313 # years 2001-2004 as well.
1289 1314 #
1290 1315 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1291 1316 #
1292 1317 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1293 1318 #
1294 1319 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1295 1320 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1296 1321 #
1297 1322 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1298 1323
1299 1324 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1300 1325 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1301 1326 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1302 1327 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1303 1328 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1304 1329 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1305 1330 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1306 1331 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1307 1332 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1308 1333 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1309 1334 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1310 1335
1311 1336 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1312 1337 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1313 1338 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1314 1339 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1315 1340 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1316 1341 #
1317 1342 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1318 1343 #
1319 1344 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1320 1345
1321 1346 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
1322 1347 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1323 1348 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1324 1349 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1325 1350 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
1326 1351 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1327 1352 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
1328 1353 #
1329 1354 # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1330 1355 #
1331 1356 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1332 1357 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1333 1358 # springtime transitions explicitly.
1334 1359
1335 1360 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1336 1361 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1337 1362 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1338 1363 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1339 1364 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1340 1365 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1341 1366 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1342 1367 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1343 1368 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1344 1369 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1345 1370 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1346 1371 Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1347 1372 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1348 1373
1349 1374 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
1350 1375 # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
1351 1376 # Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
1352 1377 # in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
1353 1378 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
1354 1379 #
1355 1380 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
1356 1381 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
1357 1382
1358 1383 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1359 1384 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
1360 1385 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1361 1386
1362 1387 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1363 1388 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
1364 1389 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1365 1390 2:00 Zion I%sT
1366 1391
1367 1392
1368 1393
1369 1394 ###############################################################################
1370 1395
1371 1396 # Japan
1372 1397
1373 1398 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
1374 1399
1375 1400 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1376 1401 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1377 1402 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
1378 1403 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
1379 1404
1380 1405 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
1381 1406 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
1382 1407 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1383 1408 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1384 1409 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1385 1410 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1386 1411 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1387 1412 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1388 1413 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1389 1414 # wanted to keep it.)
1390 1415
1391 1416 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1392 1417 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1393 1418 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1394 1419 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1395 1420 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1396 1421 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1397 1422 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1398 1423 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1399 1424 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1400 1425 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1401 1426 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1402 1427
1403 1428 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1404 1429 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1405 1430 # Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s),
1406 1431 # 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
1407 1432 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1408 1433 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1409 1434 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1410 1435 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1411 1436
1412 1437 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1413 1438 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1414 1439 # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
1415 1440 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1416 1441 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1417 1442 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
1418 1443 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1419 1444 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1420 1445 # standard....
1421 1446 #
1422 1447 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1423 1448 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1424 1449
1425 1450 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1426 1451 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1427 1452 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1428 1453 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1429 1454 #
1430 1455 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1431 1456 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1432 1457 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1433 1458 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1434 1459
1435 1460 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1436 1461 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1437 1462 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1
1438 1463 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1439 1464 9:00 Japan J%sT
1440 1465 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1441 1466
1442 1467 # Jordan
1443 1468 #
1444 1469 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1445 1470 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1446 1471 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1447 1472 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1448 1473 # all year round.
1449 1474 #
1450 1475 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1451 1476 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1452 1477 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1453 1478 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1454 1479 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1455 1480 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1456 1481 #
1457 1482 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1458 1483 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1459 1484 #
1460 1485 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1461 1486 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1462 1487 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1463 1488 #
1464 1489 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1465 1490 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1466 1491 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1467 1492 #
1468 1493
1469 1494 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1470 1495 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1471 1496 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1472 1497 #
1473 1498 # Google's translation:
1474 1499 #
1475 1500 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1476 1501 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1477 1502 # > of the month of March of each year.
1478 1503 #
1479 1504 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1480 1505
1481 1506 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1482 1507 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1483 1508
1484 1509 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
1485 1510 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
1486 1511 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
1487 1512 # until about the same time next year (at least).
1488 1513 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
1489 1514
1490 1515 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
1491 1516 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
1492 1517 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
1493 1518 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
1494 1519 # Official, in Arabic:
1495 1520 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
1496 1521 # ... Our background/permalink about it
1497 1522 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
1498 1523 # ...
1499 1524 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
1500 1525 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
1501 1526 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
1502 1527
1503 1528 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
1504 1529 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
1505 1530
1506 1531 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1507 1532 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1508 1533 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1509 1534 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1510 1535 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1511 1536 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1512 1537 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1513 1538 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1514 1539 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1515 1540 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1516 1541 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1517 1542 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1518 1543 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1519 1544 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1520 1545 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1521 1546 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1522 1547 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1523 1548 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1524 1549 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1525 1550 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1526 1551 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1527 1552 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1528 1553 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1529 1554 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1530 1555 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1531 1556 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1532 1557 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1533 1558 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1534 1559 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1535 1560 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
1536 1561 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1537 1562 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1538 1563 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1539 1564 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1540 1565 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1541 1566
1542 1567
1543 1568 # Kazakhstan
1544 1569
1545 1570 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1546 1571 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1547 1572 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1548 1573 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1549 1574 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1550 1575 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1551 1576
1552 1577 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1553 1578 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1554 1579 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1555 1580 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1556 1581 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1557 1582 #
1558 1583 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1559 1584 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1560 1585 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1561 1586
1562 1587 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
1563 1588 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
1564 1589 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1565 1590 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1566 1591 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1567 1592 #
1568 1593 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1569 1594 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1570 1595 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1571 1596 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1572 1597 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1573 1598 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1574 1599 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1575 1600 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1576 1601 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1577 1602
1578 1603 #
1579 1604 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1580 1605 #
1581 1606 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1582 1607 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1583 1608 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1584 1609 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1585 1610 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1586 1611 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1587 1612 6:00 - ALMT
1588 1613 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1589 1614 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1590 1615 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1591 1616 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1592 1617 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1593 1618 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1594 1619 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1595 1620 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1596 1621 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1597 1622 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1598 1623 6:00 - QYZT
1599 1624 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk)
1600 1625 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1601 1626 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1602 1627 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1603 1628 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1604 1629 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1605 1630 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1606 1631 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1607 1632 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1608 1633 5:00 - AQTT
1609 1634 # Mangghystau
1610 1635 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1611 1636 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1612 1637 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
↓ open down ↓ |
514 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
1613 1638 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1614 1639 5:00 - FORT 1963
1615 1640 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1616 1641 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1617 1642 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1618 1643 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1619 1644 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1620 1645 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1621 1646 5:00 - AQTT
1622 1647 # West Kazakhstan
1648 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1649 +# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1623 1650 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1624 1651 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1625 1652 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1626 1653 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1627 1654 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1628 1655 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1629 1656 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1630 1657 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1631 1658 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1632 1659 5:00 - ORAT
1633 1660
1634 1661 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1635 1662 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1636 1663
1637 1664 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1638 1665 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1639 1666 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
1640 1667 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1641 1668 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1642 1669 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1643 1670 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1644 1671 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1645 1672
1646 1673 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1647 1674 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1648 1675 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1649 1676 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1650 1677 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1651 1678 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1652 1679 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1653 1680 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1654 1681 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1655 1682 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1656 1683 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1657 1684 6:00 - KGT
1658 1685
1659 1686 ###############################################################################
1660 1687
1661 1688 # Korea (North and South)
1662 1689
1663 1690 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
1664 1691 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
1665 1692 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
1666 1693 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
1667 1694 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
1668 1695
1669 1696 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
1670 1697 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
1671 1698 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
1672 1699 # http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
1673 1700 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
1674 1701 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
1675 1702 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
1676 1703 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
1677 1704 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
1678 1705 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
1679 1706
1680 1707 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1681 1708 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1682 1709 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1683 1710 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
1684 1711 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1685 1712 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1686 1713 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1687 1714 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
1688 1715 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1689 1716 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1690 1717 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1691 1718 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1692 1719 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S
1693 1720 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1694 1721 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
1695 1722
1696 1723 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30):
1697 1724 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
1698 1725 #
1699 1726 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5)
1700 1727 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
1701 1728 # (Announcement No. 338)
1702 1729 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
1703 1730 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
1704 1731 # 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)
1705 1732 #
1706 1733 # The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change
1707 1734 # to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change
1708 1735 # to UT+9 on 1912-01-01? Omit the 1910 change for now.
1709 1736 #
1710 1737 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1711 1738 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
1712 1739 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1713 1740 #
1714 1741 # For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II.
1715 1742
1716 1743 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
1717 1744 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
1718 1745 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
1719 1746 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
1720 1747 #
1721 1748 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
1722 1749 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
1723 1750 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
1724 1751 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
1725 1752 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
1726 1753 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
1727 1754
1728 1755 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1729 1756 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1730 1757 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1731 1758 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1732 1759 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1733 1760 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1734 1761 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1735 1762 9:00 ROK K%sT
1736 1763 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1737 1764 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1738 1765 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1739 1766 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
1740 1767 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
1741 1768 8:30 - KST
1742 1769
1743 1770 ###############################################################################
1744 1771
1745 1772 # Kuwait
1746 1773 # See Asia/Riyadh.
1747 1774
1748 1775 # Laos
1749 1776 # See Asia/Bangkok.
1750 1777
1751 1778
1752 1779 # Lebanon
1753 1780 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1754 1781 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1755 1782 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1756 1783 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1757 1784 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1758 1785 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1759 1786 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1760 1787 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1761 1788 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1762 1789 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1763 1790 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1764 1791 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1765 1792 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1766 1793 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1767 1794 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1768 1795 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1769 1796 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1770 1797 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1771 1798 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1772 1799 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1773 1800 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1774 1801 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1775 1802 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1776 1803 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1777 1804 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1778 1805 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1779 1806 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1780 1807 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1781 1808
1782 1809 # Malaysia
1783 1810 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1784 1811 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1785 1812 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1786 1813 #
1787 1814 # peninsular Malaysia
1788 1815 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1789 1816 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
1790 1817 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1791 1818 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1792 1819 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1793 1820 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1794 1821 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1795 1822 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1796 1823 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1797 1824 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1798 1825 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1799 1826 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1800 1827 # Sabah & Sarawak
1801 1828 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
1802 1829 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
1803 1830 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1804 1831 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1805 1832 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1806 1833 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1807 1834 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1808 1835 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1809 1836 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1810 1837 8:00 - MYT
1811 1838
1812 1839 # Maldives
1813 1840 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1814 1841 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1815 1842 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1816 1843 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1817 1844
1818 1845 # Mongolia
1819 1846
1820 1847 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1821 1848 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
1822 1849 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
1823 1850
1824 1851 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1825 1852 # General Information Mongolia
1826 1853 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
1827 1854 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1828 1855 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1829 1856 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1830 1857 # eight hours."
1831 1858
1832 1859 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1833 1860 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1834 1861 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1835 1862 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1836 1863 # of implementation may have been different....
1837 1864 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1838 1865 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1839 1866 # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
1840 1867
1841 1868 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1842 1869 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1843 1870 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1844 1871 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1845 1872 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1846 1873 # is good enough for our purposes.
1847 1874
1848 1875 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1849 1876 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1850 1877 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1851 1878 # there are three time zones.
1852 1879 #
1853 1880 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1854 1881 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
1855 1882 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
1856 1883 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
1857 1884 #
1858 1885 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1859 1886
1860 1887 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1861 1888 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1862 1889 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1863 1890 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1864 1891 #
1865 1892 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1866 1893 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1867 1894 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1868 1895
1869 1896 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1870 1897 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1871 1898 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1872 1899 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1873 1900 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
1874 1901 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1875 1902 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1876 1903 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1877 1904 # He also found
1878 1905 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
1879 1906 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1880 1907 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1881 1908 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1882 1909 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1883 1910 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1884 1911 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1885 1912 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1886 1913
1887 1914 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1888 1915 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1889 1916 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1890 1917 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1891 1918
1892 1919 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1893 1920 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1894 1921 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1895 1922 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1896 1923 # database on this, e.g.:
1897 1924 #
1898 1925 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1899 1926 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1900 1927 #
1901 1928 # both say GMT+08:00.
1902 1929
1903 1930 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1904 1931 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1905 1932 # schedule here:
1906 1933 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1907 1934 # (click the English flag for English)
1908 1935 #
1909 1936 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
1910 1937 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1911 1938 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1912 1939 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
1913 1940 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1914 1941 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1915 1942
1916 1943 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1917 1944 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1918 1945 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1919 1946 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1920 1947 # this is almost surely wrong.
1921 1948
1922 1949 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
1923 1950 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
1924 1951 # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
1925 1952 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
1926 1953 # September daylight saving time ends. Source:
1927 1954 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
1928 1955
1929 1956 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1930 1957 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1931 1958 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1932 1959 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1933 1960 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1934 1961 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1935 1962 #
1936 1963 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1937 1964 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
1938 1965 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1939 1966 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1940 1967 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1941 1968 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1942 1969
1943 1970 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1944 1971 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1945 1972 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1946 1973 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1947 1974 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1948 1975 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1949 1976 Rule Mongol 2015 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1950 1977 Rule Mongol 2015 max - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
1951 1978
1952 1979 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1953 1980 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1954 1981 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1955 1982 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1956 1983 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1957 1984 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1958 1985 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1959 1986 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1960 1987 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1961 1988 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1962 1989 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1963 1990 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1964 1991 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1965 1992 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1966 1993 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1967 1994 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1968 1995
1969 1996 # Nepal
1970 1997 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1971 1998 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1972 1999 5:30 - IST 1986
1973 2000 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1974 2001
1975 2002 # Oman
1976 2003 # See Asia/Dubai.
1977 2004
1978 2005 # Pakistan
1979 2006
1980 2007 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1981 2008 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1982 2009 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1983 2010 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1984 2011 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1985 2012 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1986 2013
1987 2014 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1988 2015 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
1989 2016 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1990 2017 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1991 2018 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1992 2019 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1993 2020 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1994 2021 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1995 2022 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1996 2023 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1997 2024 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1998 2025
1999 2026 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
2000 2027 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
2001 2028 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
2002 2029
2003 2030 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
2004 2031 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
2005 2032 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
2006 2033 #
2007 2034 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
2008 2035 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
2009 2036 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
2010 2037 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
2011 2038 #
2012 2039 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
2013 2040 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
2014 2041
2015 2042 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
2016 2043 #
2017 2044 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
2018 2045 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
2019 2046 #
2020 2047 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
2021 2048 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
2022 2049 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
2023 2050 #
2024 2051 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
2025 2052 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
2026 2053
2027 2054 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2028 2055 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
2029 2056
2030 2057 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2031 2058 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
2032 2059 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
2033 2060 # instead of August 31.
2034 2061 #
2035 2062 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
2036 2063 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
2037 2064
2038 2065 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
2039 2066 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
2040 2067 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
2041 2068 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
2042 2069 # official working."
2043 2070 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
2044 2071 #
2045 2072 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
2046 2073 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
2047 2074 #
2048 2075 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
2049 2076 # April 08, 2009
2050 2077 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
2051 2078 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
2052 2079 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
2053 2080 #
2054 2081 # ....
2055 2082 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
2056 2083 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
2057 2084 # conserve energy"
2058 2085
2059 2086 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
2060 2087 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
2061 2088 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
2062 2089 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
2063 2090 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
2064 2091 # this regard."
2065 2092 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
2066 2093
2067 2094 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
2068 2095 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
2069 2096 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
2070 2097 # October 1, 2009.
2071 2098 #
2072 2099 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
2073 2100 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
2074 2101 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
2075 2102 #
2076 2103 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
2077 2104 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
2078 2105 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
2079 2106 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
2080 2107 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
2081 2108 # Monday."
2082 2109 #
2083 2110 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
2084 2111 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
2085 2112 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
2086 2113 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
2087 2114 #
2088 2115 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
2089 2116 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
2090 2117 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
2091 2118
2092 2119 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
2093 2120 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
2094 2121 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
2095 2122
2096 2123 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
2097 2124 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2098 2125 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
2099 2126 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
2100 2127 # >
2101 2128 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
2102 2129 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
2103 2130 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
|
↓ open down ↓ |
471 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
2104 2131 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
2105 2132 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
2106 2133 #
2107 2134 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
2108 2135 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
2109 2136 #
2110 2137 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2111 2138 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
2112 2139
2113 2140 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2114 -Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
2115 -Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
2141 +Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
2142 +Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2116 2143 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2117 2144 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2118 2145 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
2119 2146
2120 2147 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2121 2148 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
2122 2149 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
2123 2150 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
2124 2151 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
2125 2152 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
2126 2153 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
2127 2154
2128 2155 # Palestine
2129 2156
2130 2157 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2131 2158 #
2132 2159 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
2133 2160 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
2134 2161 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
2135 2162 #
2136 2163 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
2137 2164 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
2138 2165 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
2139 2166 # though.
2140 2167 #
2141 2168 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
2142 2169 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
2143 2170 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
2144 2171 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
2145 2172 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
2146 2173 # East Jerusalem.
2147 2174 #
2148 2175 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
2149 2176 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
2150 2177 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
2151 2178 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
2152 2179 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
2153 2180 #
2154 2181 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
2155 2182 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
2156 2183 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
2157 2184 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
2158 2185 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
2159 2186 # Jordanian one).
2160 2187 #
2161 2188 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
2162 2189 #
2163 2190 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
2164 2191 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
2165 2192 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
2166 2193 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
2167 2194 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
2168 2195 #
2169 2196 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
2170 2197 # have one).
2171 2198
2172 2199 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2173 2200 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
2174 2201 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
2175 2202 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2176 2203 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2177 2204 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2178 2205 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2179 2206 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2180 2207 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2181 2208 # to Palestine's rules.
2182 2209
2183 2210 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2184 2211 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2185 2212 #
2186 2213 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2187 2214 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2188 2215 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2189 2216 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2190 2217
2191 2218 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2192 2219 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
2193 2220 # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
2194 2221 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2195 2222 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2196 2223 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2197 2224 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2198 2225 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2199 2226
2200 2227 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2201 2228 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2202 2229
2203 2230 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2204 2231 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2205 2232 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2206 2233 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2207 2234 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
2208 2235
2209 2236 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2210 2237 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2211 2238 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2212 2239 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2213 2240 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2214 2241 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2215 2242 # the West Bank.
2216 2243
2217 2244 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2218 2245 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2219 2246 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2220 2247 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2221 2248 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2222 2249 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2223 2250 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2224 2251 # because of the Ramadan.
2225 2252
2226 2253 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2227 2254 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2228 2255 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2229 2256
2230 2257 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2231 2258 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2232 2259 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2233 2260 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2234 2261 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2235 2262 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2236 2263
2237 2264 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2238 2265 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2239 2266 #
2240 2267 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2241 2268 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2242 2269 #
2243 2270 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2244 2271 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2245 2272 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2246 2273
2247 2274 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2248 2275 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2249 2276 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2250 2277 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2251 2278 #
2252 2279 # (in Arabic)
2253 2280 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2254 2281 #
2255 2282 # (English translation)
2256 2283 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2257 2284
2258 2285 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2259 2286 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2260 2287 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2261 2288 #
2262 2289 # One news source:
2263 2290 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2264 2291 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2265 2292 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2266 2293 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2267 2294 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2268 2295 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2269 2296 #
2270 2297 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2271 2298 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2272 2299 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2273 2300
2274 2301 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2275 2302 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2276 2303 #
2277 2304 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2278 2305 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2279 2306 #
2280 2307 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2281 2308 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
2282 2309 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2283 2310 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2284 2311
2285 2312 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2286 2313 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2287 2314 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2288 2315 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2289 2316 #
2290 2317 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2291 2318 # (in Arabic)
2292 2319 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2293 2320
2294 2321 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2295 2322 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2296 2323 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2297 2324 # noon though:
2298 2325 #
2299 2326 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2300 2327 # (Ma'an News Agency)
2301 2328 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2302 2329 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2303 2330
2304 2331 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2305 2332 # According to several sources, including
2306 2333 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2307 2334 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2308 2335 # Gaza and the West Bank.
2309 2336 # Some more background info:
2310 2337 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2311 2338
2312 2339 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2313 2340 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2314 2341 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2315 2342 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2316 2343 # Ramadan.
2317 2344 #
2318 2345 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2319 2346 # Additional info:
2320 2347 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2321 2348
2322 2349 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2323 2350 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2324 2351 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2325 2352 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2326 2353 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2327 2354 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2328 2355 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2329 2356 # ...
2330 2357 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2331 2358 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2332 2359 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
2333 2360
2334 2361 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2335 2362 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2336 2363 # 00:00).
2337 2364 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2338 2365 #
2339 2366 # Many sources, including:
2340 2367 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2341 2368
2342 2369 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2343 2370 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
2344 2371 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
2345 2372 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
2346 2373 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
2347 2374 #
2348 2375 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
2349 2376 #
2350 2377 # Our brief summary:
2351 2378 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
2352 2379
2353 2380 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
2354 2381 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
2355 2382 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
2356 2383 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
2357 2384 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
2358 2385 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
2359 2386
2360 2387 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
2361 2388 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
2362 2389 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
2363 2390 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
2364 2391 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
2365 2392 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
2366 2393 # official source...:
2367 2394 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
2368 2395
2369 2396 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
2370 2397 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
2371 2398 # and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
2372 2399 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
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2373 2400 #
2374 2401 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
2375 2402 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
2376 2403 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
2377 2404 # For future dates, guess the last Friday in March at 24:00 through
2378 2405 # the first Friday on or after October 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with
2379 2406 # the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs:
2380 2407 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
2381 2408 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
2382 2409
2410 +# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
2411 +# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
2412 +# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
2413 +# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
2414 +# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
2415 +#
2416 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12):
2417 +# Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2418 +# Leave fall predictions alone for now.
2419 +
2383 2420 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2384 2421 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2385 2422 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2386 2423 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2387 2424 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2388 2425 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2389 2426 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2390 2427
2391 2428 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2392 2429 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2393 2430 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2394 2431 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2395 2432 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2396 2433 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2397 2434 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2398 2435 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2399 2436 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2400 2437 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
|
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2401 2438 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2402 2439 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2403 2440 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
2404 2441 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2405 2442 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
2406 2443 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2407 2444 Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2408 2445 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
2409 2446 Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2410 2447 Rule Palestine 2014 max - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2411 -Rule Palestine 2015 max - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
2448 +Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
2449 +Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar lastSat 1:00 1:00 S
2412 2450
2413 2451 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2414 2452 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2415 2453 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2416 2454 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2417 2455 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2418 2456 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2419 2457 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
2420 2458 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
2421 2459 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
2422 2460 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2423 2461 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2424 2462 2:00 - EET 2012
2425 2463 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2426 2464
2427 2465 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2428 2466 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2429 2467 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2430 2468 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2431 2469 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2432 2470 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2433 2471
2434 2472 # Paracel Is
2435 2473 # no information
2436 2474
2437 2475 # Philippines
2438 2476 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
2439 2477 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2440 2478 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
2441 2479 # History of the International Date Line
2442 2480 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
2443 2481 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2444 2482
2445 2483 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2446 2484 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2447 2485 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2448 2486 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2449 2487 # but no details]
2450 2488
2451 2489 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
2452 2490 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
2453 2491 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
2454 2492 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
2455 2493 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
2456 2494 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
2457 2495 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
2458 2496
2459 2497 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2460 2498 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2461 2499 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2462 2500 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2463 2501 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2464 2502 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2465 2503 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2466 2504 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2467 2505 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2468 2506 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2469 2507 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2470 2508 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2471 2509 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2472 2510
2473 2511 # Qatar
2474 2512 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2475 2513 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2476 2514 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2477 2515 3:00 - AST
2478 2516 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
2479 2517
2480 2518 # Saudi Arabia
2481 2519 #
2482 2520 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2483 2521 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2484 2522 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2485 2523 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2486 2524 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2487 2525 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2488 2526 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2489 2527 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2490 2528 #
2491 2529 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2492 2530 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2493 2531 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2494 2532 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2495 2533 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2496 2534 # earlier date.
2497 2535 #
2498 2536 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2499 2537 # time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of
2500 2538 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2501 2539 #
2502 2540 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2503 2541 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2504 2542 3:00 - AST
2505 2543 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
2506 2544 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
2507 2545
2508 2546 # Singapore
2509 2547 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2510 2548 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2511 2549 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2512 2550 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2513 2551 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2514 2552 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2515 2553 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2516 2554 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2517 2555 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2518 2556 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2519 2557 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2520 2558 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2521 2559 8:00 - SGT
2522 2560
2523 2561 # Spratly Is
2524 2562 # no information
2525 2563
2526 2564 # Sri Lanka
2527 2565
2528 2566 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2529 2567 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
2530 2568 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
2531 2569 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
2532 2570 # Shanks and Pottenger.
2533 2571
2534 2572 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2535 2573 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2536 2574 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
2537 2575 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2538 2576 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2539 2577 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
2540 2578 #
2541 2579 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2542 2580 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
2543 2581 # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26):
2544 2582 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2545 2583 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2546 2584
2547 2585 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2548 2586 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2549 2587 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2550 2588 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2551 2589
2552 2590 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2553 2591 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
2554 2592 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2555 2593 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2556 2594 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2557 2595 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2558 2596 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2559 2597 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2560 2598
2561 2599 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2562 2600 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2563 2601 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2564 2602 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2565 2603 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2566 2604 #
2567 2605 # I recollect before the recent change the government announcements
2568 2606 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2569 2607 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2570 2608 #
2571 2609 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2572 2610 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2573 2611 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2574 2612 # item....
2575 2613 #
2576 2614 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2577 2615 # administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2578 2616 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2579 2617 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2580 2618 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2581 2619 #
2582 2620 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2583 2621 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2584 2622 # all computers.
2585 2623
2586 2624 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2587 2625 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2588 2626 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
2589 2627
2590 2628 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2591 2629 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2592 2630 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2593 2631 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2594 2632 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2595 2633 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2596 2634 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2597 2635 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2598 2636 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2599 2637 5:30 - IST
2600 2638
2601 2639 # Syria
2602 2640 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2603 2641 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2604 2642 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2605 2643 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2606 2644 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2607 2645 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2608 2646 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2609 2647 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2610 2648 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2611 2649 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2612 2650 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2613 2651 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2614 2652 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2615 2653 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2616 2654 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2617 2655 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2618 2656 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2619 2657 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2620 2658 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2621 2659 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2622 2660 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2623 2661 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2624 2662 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2625 2663 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2626 2664 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2627 2665 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2628 2666 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2629 2667 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2630 2668 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2631 2669 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2632 2670 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2633 2671 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2634 2672 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2635 2673 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2636 2674 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2637 2675 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2638 2676 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2639 2677 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2640 2678 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2641 2679 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2642 2680 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2643 2681 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2644 2682 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2645 2683 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2646 2684 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2647 2685 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2648 2686 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2649 2687 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
2650 2688 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2651 2689 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
2652 2690 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
2653 2691 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2654 2692 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2655 2693 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2656 2694 #
2657 2695 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2658 2696 # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
2659 2697 #
2660 2698 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2661 2699 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2662 2700 #
2663 2701 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2664 2702 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2665 2703 #
2666 2704 # which using Google's translate tools says:
2667 2705 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2668 2706 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2669 2707 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2670 2708 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2671 2709
2672 2710 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2673 2711 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2674 2712 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
2675 2713 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2676 2714 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2677 2715 # Variation
2678 2716 # Syrian Arab
2679 2717 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2680 2718 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2681 2719 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2682 2720
2683 2721 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2684 2722 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2685 2723 # Agency (SANA)...
2686 2724 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2687 2725 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2688 2726 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2689 2727 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2690 2728 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2691 2729 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2692 2730
2693 2731 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2694 2732 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2695 2733 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2696 2734 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2697 2735 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2698 2736
2699 2737 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2700 2738 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2701 2739 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2702 2740 #
2703 2741 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2704 2742 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2705 2743 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2706 2744 #
2707 2745 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2708 2746
2709 2747 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2710 2748 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2711 2749 # two examples:
2712 2750 #
2713 2751 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2714 2752 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2715 2753 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2716 2754 # (Arabic, gov-site)
2717 2755 #
2718 2756 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2719 2757 #
2720 2758 # Our summary
2721 2759 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2722 2760
2723 2761 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2724 2762 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2725 2763 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2726 2764 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2727 2765 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2728 2766
2729 2767 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2730 2768 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2731 2769 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2732 2770 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2733 2771
2734 2772 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2735 2773 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2736 2774 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2737 2775 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
2738 2776 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
2739 2777
2740 2778 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2741 2779 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
2742 2780 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
2743 2781 #
2744 2782 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
2745 2783 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
2746 2784 #
2747 2785 # Our brief summary:
2748 2786 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
2749 2787
2750 2788 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2751 2789 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
2752 2790
2753 2791 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2754 2792 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2755 2793 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2756 2794 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2757 2795 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2758 2796 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2759 2797
2760 2798 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2761 2799 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2762 2800 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2763 2801
2764 2802 # Tajikistan
2765 2803 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2766 2804 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2767 2805 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2768 2806 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2769 2807 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2770 2808 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2771 2809 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2772 2810
2773 2811 # Thailand
2774 2812 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2775 2813 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2776 2814 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2777 2815 7:00 - ICT
2778 2816 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
2779 2817 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
2780 2818
2781 2819 # Turkmenistan
2782 2820 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2783 2821 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2784 2822 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2785 2823 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2786 2824 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2787 2825 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2788 2826 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2789 2827 5:00 - TMT
2790 2828
2791 2829 # United Arab Emirates
2792 2830 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2793 2831 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2794 2832 4:00 - GST
2795 2833 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
2796 2834
2797 2835 # Uzbekistan
2798 2836 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
2799 2837 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2800 2838 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
2801 2839 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2802 2840 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2803 2841 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2804 2842 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2805 2843 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2806 2844 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2807 2845 5:00 - UZT
2808 2846 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
2809 2847 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
2810 2848 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2811 2849 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2812 2850 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2813 2851 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2814 2852 5:00 - UZT
2815 2853
2816 2854 # Vietnam
2817 2855
2818 2856 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
2819 2857 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
2820 2858 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
2821 2859 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
2822 2860 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
2823 2861
2824 2862 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2825 2863 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
2826 2864 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2827 2865
2828 2866 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
2829 2867 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
2830 2868 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
2831 2869 # is quoted verbatim in:
2832 2870 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
2833 2871 # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
2834 2872 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
2835 2873 # and is the basis for the information below.
2836 2874 #
2837 2875 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
2838 2876 # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris.
2839 2877 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
2840 2878 # the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
2841 2879 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
2842 2880 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
2843 2881 # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
2844 2882 #
2845 2883 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
2846 2884 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
2847 2885 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
2848 2886 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
2849 2887 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
2850 2888 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
2851 2889 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
2852 2890 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
2853 2891 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
2854 2892 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
2855 2893 #
2856 2894 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
2857 2895 #
2858 2896 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
2859 2897 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
2860 2898 #
2861 2899 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
2862 2900 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
2863 2901 #
2864 2902 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
2865 2903 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
2866 2904
2867 2905 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2868 2906 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
2869 2907 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
2870 2908 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00
2871 2909 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00
2872 2910 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
2873 2911 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1
2874 2912 8:00 - IDT 1955 Jul 1
2875 2913 7:00 - ICT 1959 Dec 31 23:00
2876 2914 8:00 - IDT 1975 Jun 13
2877 2915 7:00 - ICT
2878 2916
2879 2917 # Yemen
2880 2918 # See Asia/Riyadh.
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