59
60 #
61 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
62 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
63 # Corrections are welcome!
64 # std dst 2dst
65 # LMT Local Mean Time
66 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
67 # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
68 # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
69 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
70 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
71 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
72 # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
73 # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
74 # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
75 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
76 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
77 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
78 # 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)*
79 # 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Moscow
80
81 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
82 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
83 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
84 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
85 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
86 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
87 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
88 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
89 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
90 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
91 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
92 # ...
93 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
94 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
95 # ...
96 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
97 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
98 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
99 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
176 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
177 # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
178 # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
179 # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
180 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
181 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
182 # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
183 # designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
184 # which is permanently set to Summer Time.
185
186 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
187 # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
188 # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
189 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
190 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
191 # foundations of civilization throughout the world.
192 # -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
193 # republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
194 # http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf
195
196 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
197 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
198 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
199 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
200 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
201
202 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
203 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
204 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
205
206 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
207 # From: Jonathan Leffler
208 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
209 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
210 # politics making a fortune, not computing.
211
212 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
213 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
214 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
215 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
216 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
217
218 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
219 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
220 # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
326 # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
327 # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
328 # being GMT+1.)
329
330 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
331 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
332 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
333 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
334 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
335 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
336 # and Frethun run in CT.
337 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
338 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
339 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
340 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
341 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
342 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
343
344 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
345 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
346 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
347 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
348 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
349 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
350 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
351
352 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
353 # Summer Time Act, 1916
354 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
355 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
356 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
357 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
358 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
359 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
360 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
361 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
362 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
363 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
364 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
365 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
366 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
575 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
576 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
577 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
578 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
579 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
580 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
581 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
582
583 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
584 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
585 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
586 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
587 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
588 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
589 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD
590 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
591 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
592 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer
593 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
594 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
595 # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
596 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
597 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
598 # Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
599 # Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
600 Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
601 Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
602 #
603 Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
604 Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
605 Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
606 Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
607 Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
608 # As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
609
610 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
611 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
612 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
613 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
614 #
615 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
616 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
617 #
618 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
619 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
811 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
812 Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
813 Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
814 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
815 Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
816 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
817 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
818 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
819 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
820 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
821 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
822 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
823 1:00 EU CE%sT
824
825 # Bosnia and Herzegovina
826 # See Europe/Belgrade.
827
828 # Bulgaria
829 #
830 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
831 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
832 # EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
833 # EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
834 #
835 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
836 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
837 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
838 Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
839 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
840 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
841 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
842 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
843 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
844 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
845 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
846 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
847 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
848 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
849 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
850 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
851 2:00 EU EE%sT
852
853 # Croatia
854 # See Europe/Belgrade.
855
856 # Cyprus
857 # Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
858
859 # Czech Republic
860 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
861 Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
862 Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
863 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
864 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
865 Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
866 Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
867 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
868 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1045 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
1046 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
1047 # http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
1048 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
1049 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
1050 #
1051 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
1052 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
1053 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
1054
1055 # From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
1056 # via Steffen Thorsen:
1057 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
1058 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
1059 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
1060 # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
1061 # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
1062 # after that.
1063
1064 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
1065 # Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
1066 # no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
1067 # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
1068
1069 # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
1070 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
1071 # Now we are using again EU rules.
1072 #
1073 # From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
1074 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
1075
1076 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1077 Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1078 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1079 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1080 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1081 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1082 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1083 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
1084 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1085 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1086 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
1087 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1
1088 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
1089 2:00 EU EE%sT
1090
1091 # Finland
1092
1093 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
1094 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
1095 # and it's supposed to change at 4am...
1096
1097 # From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
1098 #
1099 # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
1100 # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
1101 # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
1102 # according to the central European standards.
1103 #
1104 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
1105 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
1106 # Finnish) at
1107 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
1510 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1511 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1512 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
1513 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1514 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1515 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1516 1:00 EU CE%sT
1517
1518 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1519 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1520
1521 # Latvia
1522
1523 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
1524
1525 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1526 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1527 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1528 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1529 #
1530 # Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1531 # according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1532 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1533 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1534 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1535 #
1536 # Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
1537 # according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
1538 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1539 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1540 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
1541 # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
1542 #
1543 # Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
1544 # according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
1545 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
1546 # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
1547 # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
1548 # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1549 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
1550 # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
1551 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
1552 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
1553 #
1554 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
1555 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
1556 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
1557
1558 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
1559 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
1560 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
1561 # 29-Feb-2000 (#79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>,
1562 # in Latvian for subscribers only).
1563
1564 # From RFE/RL Newsline
1565 # http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
1566 # (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
1567 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
1568 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
1569 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
1570 # clocks one hour in the spring....
1571 # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few
1572 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
1573 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
1574 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
1575 # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
1576 # appears that they will not do so....
1577
1578 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1579 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1580 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1581
1746 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
1747 #
1748 # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
1749 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
1750 #
1751 # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
1752 # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
1753 # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
1754 #
1755 # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
1756 #
1757 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
1758 # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
1759 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
1760 # decision to abolish DST this winter.
1761 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
1762 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
1763 # News from Moldova (in russian):
1764 # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
1765
1766
1767 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1768 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1769 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1770 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1771 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1772 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1773 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1774 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1775 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6
1776 2:00 - EET 1991
1777 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
1778 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1779 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1780 2:00 EU EE%sT
1781
1782 # Monaco
1783 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1784 # more precise 0:09:21.
1785 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1786 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1787 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1788 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1789 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1790 1:00 EU CE%sT
1791
1792 # Montenegro
1793 # See Europe/Belgrade.
1794
1795 # Netherlands
1796
1797 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1798 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1799
1800 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
2106 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
2107 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
2108 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2109 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
2110 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2111 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2112 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
2113 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2114 Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
2115 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
2116 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
2117 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2118 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
2119 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2120 2:00 EU EE%sT
2121
2122
2123 # Russia
2124
2125 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
2126 # Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011
2127 # (Government document
2128 # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
2129 # in Russian)
2130 # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
2131 # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
2132 # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
2133 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
2134
2135 # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
2136 # Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
2137 # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
2138 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
2139
2140 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2141 # Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
2142 # changed in September 2011:
2143 #
2144 # One source is
2145 # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
2146 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
2147 # 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
2148 #
2149 # Another source is
2150 # http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
2151 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
2152 # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
2153 # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
2154 # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
2155 # does not contain any "effective date" information.
2156 #
2157 # Another source is
2158 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
2159 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011...
2160 # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2161 # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
2162 #
2163 # The Wikipedia article refers to
2164 # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
2165 # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
2166 #
2167 # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
2168 # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2169 # with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
2170 # get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
2171 # Conradi notes).
2172 #
2173 # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
2174 #
2175 # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
2176
2177 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
2178 # According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
2179 # http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
2347
2348 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2349 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2350 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2351 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2352 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2353 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2354 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2355 2:00 - EET 1992
2356 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
2357 #
2358 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2359 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2360 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2361 # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
2362 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
2363 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
2364 # changed in May.
2365 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2366 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2367 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
2368 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2369 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2370 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2371 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2372 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2373 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
2374 # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
2375 # http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
2376 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
2377 # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
2378 # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
2379 # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
2380 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
2381 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2382 3:00 - MSK
2383
2384
2385 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2386 # Europe/Volgograd covers...
2387 # 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
2388 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2389 # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2390 # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2391
2392 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09):
2393 # Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300.
2394 # Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data.
2395
2396 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2397 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
2398 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
2399 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11
2400 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
2401 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2402 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2403 3:00 Russia MSK 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2404 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2405 3:00 - MSK
2406
2407
2408 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2409 # Europe/Samara covers...
2410 # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
2411 # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
2412
2413 # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
2414
2415 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2416 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21
2417 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
2418 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
2419 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2420 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2421 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
2422 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
2423 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2482 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
2483 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
2484 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2485 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2486 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
2487 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2488 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2489 6:00 - NOVT
2490
2491
2492 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2493 # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
2494 # 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
2495
2496 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
2497 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
2498 # March 28, 2010:
2499 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
2500 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
2501 #
2502 # This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September
2503 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
2504 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
2505 #
2506 # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
2507 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
2508 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
2509 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
2510 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
2511 #
2512 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
2513 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
2514 #
2515 # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
2516 # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
2517
2518 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2519 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
2520 # realigning itself with KRAT.
2521
2522 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1
2905 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2906 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2907 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2908 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
2909 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2910 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s
2911 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
2912 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
2913 1:00 EU CE%sT
2914 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
2915 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
2916 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
2917 0:00 - WET 1924
2918 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
2919 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
2920 1:00 - CET 1986
2921 1:00 EU CE%sT
2922 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
2923 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T
2924 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
2925 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
2926 0:00 EU WE%sT
2927 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
2928 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
2929
2930 # Sweden
2931
2932 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
2933 #
2934 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
2935 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
2936 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
2937 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
2938 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
2939 #
2940 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
2941 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
2942 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
2943 #
2944 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
2945 # författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
3118 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
3119 # Turkish:
3120 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
3121
3122 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3123 # The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
3124 # Turkish Local election....
3125 # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
3126 # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
3127 # From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
3128 # Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
3129 # I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
3130 # change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
3131 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
3132 # The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
3133 # change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See:
3134 # Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
3135 # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
3136 # I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
3137
3138 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3139 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3140 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3141 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
3142 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
3143 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
3144 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
3145 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3146 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3147 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
3148 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3149 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
3150 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3151 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3152 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
3153 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
3154 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
3155 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
3156 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3157 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
3187 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
3188 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
3189 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
3190 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
3191 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3192 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
3193 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
3194 Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3195 Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3196 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3197 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3198 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
3199 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
3200 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
3201 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
3202 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
3203 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
3204 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
3205 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
3206 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
3207 2:00 EU EE%sT
3208 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
3209
3210 # Ukraine
3211 #
3212 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
3213 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
3214 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government
3215 # regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
3216 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
3217 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
3218 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
3219
3220 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
3221 # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
3222 # abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
3223 #
3224 # Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
3225 # approval from 266 deputies.
3226 #
3227 # Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
3228 # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
3229 #
3230 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
3231 # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
3232 #
3233 # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
3234 # http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
3235 #
3236 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
3237 # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
3238 # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
3239 # time this year after all.
3240 #
3241 # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
3242 # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone
3243 # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
3244 # to Russia) was reverted today:
|
59
60 #
61 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
62 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
63 # Corrections are welcome!
64 # std dst 2dst
65 # LMT Local Mean Time
66 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
67 # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
68 # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
69 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
70 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
71 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
72 # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
73 # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
74 # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
75 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
76 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
77 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
78 # 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)*
79 # 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Minsk, Moscow
80
81 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
82 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
83 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
84 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
85 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
86 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
87 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
88 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
89 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
90 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
91 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
92 # ...
93 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
94 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
95 # ...
96 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
97 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
98 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
99 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
176 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
177 # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
178 # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
179 # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
180 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
181 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
182 # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
183 # designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
184 # which is permanently set to Summer Time.
185
186 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
187 # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
188 # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
189 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
190 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
191 # foundations of civilization throughout the world.
192 # -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
193 # republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
194 # http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf
195
196 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
197 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
198 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
199 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
200 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
201 # The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see:
202 # Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press
203 # ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8.
204
205 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
206 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
207 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
208
209 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
210 # From: Jonathan Leffler
211 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
212 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
213 # politics making a fortune, not computing.
214
215 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
216 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
217 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
218 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
219 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
220
221 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
222 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
223 # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
329 # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
330 # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
331 # being GMT+1.)
332
333 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
334 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
335 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
336 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
337 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
338 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
339 # and Frethun run in CT.
340 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
341 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
342 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
343 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
344 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
345 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
346
347 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
348 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
349 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC.
350 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
351 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
352 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
353 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
354
355 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
356 # Summer Time Act, 1916
357 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
358 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
359 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
360 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
361 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
362 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
363 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
364 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
365 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
366 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
367 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
368 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
369 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
578 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
579 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
580 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
581 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
582 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
583 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
584 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
585
586 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
587 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
588 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
589 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
590 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
591 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
592 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD
593 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
594 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
595 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer
596 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
597 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
598 # Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
599 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
600 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
601 # Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
602 # Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
603 Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
604 Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
605 #
606 Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
607 Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
608 Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
609 Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
610 Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
611 # As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
612
613 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
614 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
615 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
616 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
617 #
618 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
619 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
620 #
621 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
622 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
814 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
815 Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
816 Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
817 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
818 Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
819 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
820 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
821 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
822 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
823 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
824 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
825 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
826 1:00 EU CE%sT
827
828 # Bosnia and Herzegovina
829 # See Europe/Belgrade.
830
831 # Bulgaria
832 #
833 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
834 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says:
835 # EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
836 # EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
837 #
838 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
839 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
840 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
841 Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
842 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
843 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
844 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
845 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
846 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
847 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
848 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
849 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
850 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
851 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00
852 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
853 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
854 2:00 EU EE%sT
855
856 # Croatia
857 # See Europe/Belgrade.
858
859 # Cyprus
860 # Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
861
862 # Czech Republic
863 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
864 Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
865 Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
866 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
867 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
868 Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
869 Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
870 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
871 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1048 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
1049 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
1050 # http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
1051 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
1052 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
1053 #
1054 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
1055 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
1056 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
1057
1058 # From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
1059 # via Steffen Thorsen:
1060 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
1061 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
1062 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
1063 # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
1064 # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
1065 # after that.
1066
1067 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
1068 # Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
1069 # No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
1070 # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
1071
1072 # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
1073 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
1074 # Now we are using again EU rules.
1075 #
1076 # From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
1077 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
1078
1079 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1080 Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1081 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1082 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1083 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1084 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1085 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1086 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
1087 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1088 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1089 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
1090 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00
1091 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
1092 2:00 EU EE%sT
1093
1094 # Finland
1095
1096 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
1097 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
1098 # and it's supposed to change at 4am...
1099
1100 # From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
1101 #
1102 # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
1103 # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
1104 # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
1105 # according to the central European standards.
1106 #
1107 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
1108 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
1109 # Finnish) at
1110 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
1513 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1514 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1515 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
1516 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1517 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1518 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1519 1:00 EU CE%sT
1520
1521 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1522 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1523
1524 # Latvia
1525
1526 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
1527
1528 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1529 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1530 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1531 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1532 #
1533 # Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1534 # according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1535 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1536 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1537 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1538 #
1539 # Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
1540 # according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
1541 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1542 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1543 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
1544 # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
1545 #
1546 # Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
1547 # according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
1548 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
1549 # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
1550 # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
1551 # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1552 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
1553 # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
1554 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
1555 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
1556 #
1557 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
1558 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
1559 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
1560
1561 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
1562 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
1563 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
1564 # 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>,
1565 # in Latvian for subscribers only).
1566
1567 # From RFE/RL Newsline
1568 # http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
1569 # (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
1570 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
1571 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
1572 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
1573 # clocks one hour in the spring....
1574 # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few
1575 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
1576 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
1577 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
1578 # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
1579 # appears that they will not do so....
1580
1581 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1582 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1583 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1584
1749 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
1750 #
1751 # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
1752 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
1753 #
1754 # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
1755 # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
1756 # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
1757 #
1758 # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
1759 #
1760 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
1761 # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
1762 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
1763 # decision to abolish DST this winter.
1764 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
1765 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
1766 # News from Moldova (in russian):
1767 # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
1768
1769 # From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02):
1770 # http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077
1771 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01):
1772 # The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that
1773 # 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also,
1774 # http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara
1775 # says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time.
1776 # Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU.
1777
1778 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1779 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
1780 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
1781
1782 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1783 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1784 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1785 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1786 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1787 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1788 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1789 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1790 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6
1791 2:00 - EET 1991
1792 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
1793 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1794 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1795 2:00 Moldova EE%sT
1796
1797 # Monaco
1798 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1799 # more precise 0:09:21.
1800 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1801 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1802 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1803 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1804 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1805 1:00 EU CE%sT
1806
1807 # Montenegro
1808 # See Europe/Belgrade.
1809
1810 # Netherlands
1811
1812 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1813 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1814
1815 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
2121 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
2122 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
2123 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2124 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
2125 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2126 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2127 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
2128 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2129 Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
2130 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
2131 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
2132 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2133 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
2134 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2135 2:00 EU EE%sT
2136
2137
2138 # Russia
2139
2140 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
2141 # Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011
2142 # (Government document
2143 # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
2144 # in Russian)
2145 # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
2146 # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
2147 # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
2148 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
2149
2150 # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
2151 # Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
2152 # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
2153 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
2154
2155 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2156 # Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
2157 # changed in September 2011:
2158 #
2159 # One source is
2160 # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
2161 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
2162 # 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
2163 #
2164 # Another source is
2165 # http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
2166 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
2167 # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
2168 # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
2169 # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
2170 # does not contain any "effective date" information.
2171 #
2172 # Another source is
2173 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
2174 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011...
2175 # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2176 # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
2177 #
2178 # The Wikipedia article refers to
2179 # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
2180 # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
2181 #
2182 # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
2183 # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2184 # with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
2185 # get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
2186 # Conradi notes).
2187 #
2188 # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
2189 #
2190 # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
2191
2192 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
2193 # According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
2194 # http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
2362
2363 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2364 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2365 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2366 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2367 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2368 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2369 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2370 2:00 - EET 1992
2371 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
2372 #
2373 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2374 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2375 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2376 # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
2377 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
2378 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
2379 # changed in May.
2380 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2381 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2382 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s
2383 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2384 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2385 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2386 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2387 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2388 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
2389 # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
2390 # http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
2391 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
2392 # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
2393 # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
2394 # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
2395 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
2396 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2397 3:00 - MSK
2398
2399
2400 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2401 # Europe/Volgograd covers...
2402 # 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
2403 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2404 # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2405 # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2406
2407 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09):
2408 # Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300.
2409 # Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data.
2410
2411 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2412 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
2413 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
2414 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11
2415 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
2416 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2417 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2418 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2419 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2420 3:00 - MSK
2421
2422
2423 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2424 # Europe/Samara covers...
2425 # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
2426 # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
2427
2428 # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
2429
2430 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2431 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21
2432 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
2433 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
2434 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2435 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2436 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
2437 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
2438 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2497 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
2498 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
2499 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2500 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2501 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
2502 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2503 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2504 6:00 - NOVT
2505
2506
2507 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2508 # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
2509 # 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
2510
2511 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
2512 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
2513 # March 28, 2010:
2514 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
2515 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
2516 #
2517 # This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September
2518 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
2519 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
2520 #
2521 # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
2522 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
2523 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
2524 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
2525 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
2526 #
2527 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
2528 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
2529 #
2530 # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
2531 # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
2532
2533 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2534 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
2535 # realigning itself with KRAT.
2536
2537 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1
2920 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2921 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2922 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2923 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
2924 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2925 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s
2926 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
2927 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
2928 1:00 EU CE%sT
2929 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
2930 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
2931 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
2932 0:00 - WET 1924
2933 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
2934 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
2935 1:00 - CET 1986
2936 1:00 EU CE%sT
2937 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
2938 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T
2939 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
2940 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u
2941 0:00 EU WE%sT
2942 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
2943 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
2944
2945 # Sweden
2946
2947 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
2948 #
2949 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
2950 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
2951 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
2952 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
2953 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
2954 #
2955 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
2956 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
2957 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
2958 #
2959 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
2960 # författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
3133 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
3134 # Turkish:
3135 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
3136
3137 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3138 # The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
3139 # Turkish Local election....
3140 # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
3141 # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
3142 # From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
3143 # Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
3144 # I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
3145 # change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
3146 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
3147 # The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
3148 # change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See:
3149 # Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
3150 # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
3151 # I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
3152
3153 # From Fatih (2015-09-29):
3154 # It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy.
3155 # Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00
3156 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217
3157
3158 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3159 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3160 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3161 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
3162 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
3163 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
3164 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
3165 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3166 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3167 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
3168 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3169 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
3170 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3171 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3172 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
3173 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
3174 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
3175 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
3176 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3177 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
3207 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
3208 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
3209 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
3210 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
3211 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3212 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
3213 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
3214 Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3215 Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3216 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3217 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3218 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
3219 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
3220 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
3221 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
3222 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
3223 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
3224 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
3225 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
3226 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
3227 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u
3228 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u
3229 2:00 EU EE%sT
3230 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
3231
3232 # Ukraine
3233 #
3234 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
3235 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
3236 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government
3237 # regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
3238 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
3239 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
3240 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
3241
3242 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
3243 # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
3244 # abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
3245 #
3246 # Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
3247 # approval from 266 deputies.
3248 #
3249 # Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
3250 # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
3251 #
3252 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
3253 # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
3254 #
3255 # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
3256 # http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
3257 #
3258 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
3259 # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
3260 # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
3261 # time this year after all.
3262 #
3263 # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
3264 # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone
3265 # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
3266 # to Russia) was reverted today:
|