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6402 Update zoneinfo to 2015g
Reviewed by: Josef 'Jeff' Sipek <jeffpc@josefsipek.net>
Reviewed by: Marcel Telka <marcel@telka.sk>
Approved by:
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--- old/usr/src/cmd/zic/australasia
+++ new/usr/src/cmd/zic/australasia
1 1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3 3
4 4 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
5 5
6 6 # Notes are at the end of this file
7 7
8 8 ###############################################################################
9 9
10 10 # Australia
11 11
12 12 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
13 13
14 14 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
15 15 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D
16 16 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S
17 17 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D
18 18 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S
19 19 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D
20 20 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
21 21 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D
22 22 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
23 23 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
24 24 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
25 25
26 26 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
27 27 # Northern Territory
28 28 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
29 29 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
30 30 9:30 Aus AC%sT
31 31 # Western Australia
32 32 #
33 33 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
34 34 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
35 35 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
36 36 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
37 37 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
38 38 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D
39 39 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
40 40 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D
41 41 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
42 42 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
43 43 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
44 44 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul
45 45 8:00 AW AW%sT
46 46 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
47 47 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul
48 48 8:45 AW ACW%sT
49 49
50 50 # Queensland
51 51 #
52 52 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
53 53 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
54 54 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
55 55 # Queensland ceased to.
56 56 #
57 57 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
58 58 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
59 59 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
60 60 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
61 61 # so use Lindeman.
62 62 #
63 63 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
64 64 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
65 65 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
66 66 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
67 67 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
68 68 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
69 69 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
70 70 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
71 71 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
72 72 10:00 AQ AE%sT
73 73 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
74 74 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
75 75 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul
76 76 10:00 Holiday AE%sT
77 77
78 78 # South Australia
79 79 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
80 80 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
81 81 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
82 82 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
83 83 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
84 84 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
85 85 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
86 86 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S
87 87 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S
88 88 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S
89 89 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S
90 90 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
91 91 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S
92 92 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
93 93 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
94 94 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
95 95 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
96 96 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
97 97 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
98 98 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
99 99 9:30 AS AC%sT
100 100
101 101 # Tasmania
102 102 #
103 103 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
104 104 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
105 105 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
106 106 #
107 107 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
108 108 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
109 109 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
110 110 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
111 111 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S
112 112 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
113 113 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
114 114 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
115 115 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
116 116 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
117 117 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
118 118 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D
119 119 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
120 120 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
121 121 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
122 122 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
123 123 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
124 124 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
125 125 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
126 126 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
127 127 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
128 128 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
129 129 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
130 130 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
131 131 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
132 132 10:00 AT AE%sT
133 133 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
134 134 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
135 135 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
136 136 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul
137 137 10:00 AT AE%sT
138 138
139 139 # Victoria
140 140 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
141 141 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
142 142 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
143 143 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
144 144 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
145 145 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
146 146 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
147 147 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
148 148 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
149 149 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
150 150 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
151 151 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
152 152 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
153 153 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
154 154 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
155 155 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
156 156 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
157 157 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
158 158 10:00 AV AE%sT
159 159
160 160 # New South Wales
161 161 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
162 162 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
163 163 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
164 164 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
165 165 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
166 166 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
167 167 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
168 168 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
169 169 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
170 170 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
171 171 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
172 172 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
173 173 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
174 174 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
175 175 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
176 176 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
177 177 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
178 178 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
179 179 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
180 180 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
181 181 10:00 AN AE%sT
182 182 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
183 183 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23
184 184 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
185 185 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
186 186 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000
187 187 9:30 AS AC%sT
188 188
189 189 # Lord Howe Island
190 190 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
191 191 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
192 192 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
193 193 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
194 194 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
195 195 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D
196 196 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
197 197 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
198 198 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
199 199 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
200 200 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
201 201 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
202 202 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
203 203 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
204 204 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D
205 205 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
206 206 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar
207 207 10:30 LH LH%sT
208 208
209 209 # Australian miscellany
210 210 #
211 211 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
212 212 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
213 213 # no times are set
214 214 #
215 215 # Coral Sea Is
216 216 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
217 217 # no times are set
218 218 #
219 219 # Macquarie
220 220 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
221 221 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
222 222 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
223 223 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
224 224 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
225 225 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
226 226 #
227 227 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
228 228 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
229 229 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
230 230 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
231 231 # on 4 April.
232 232 #
233 233 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
234 234 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
235 235 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
236 236 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
237 237 # pre-2013 versions of localtime.
238 238 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov
239 239 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
240 240 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
241 241 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
242 242 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25
243 243 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
244 244 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
245 245 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time
246 246
247 247 # Christmas
248 248 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
249 249 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
250 250 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
251 251
252 252 # Cocos (Keeling) Is
253 253 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
254 254 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
255 255 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
256 256 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
257 257 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
258 258
259 259
260 260 # Fiji
261 261
262 262 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
263 263
264 264 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
265 265 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
266 266 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
267 267 #
268 268 # "Daylight savings to commence this month"
269 269 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
270 270 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
271 271
272 272 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
273 273 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
274 274 # amendments:
275 275 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
276 276
277 277 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
278 278 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
279 279 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
280 280 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
281 281 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
282 282 #
283 283 # Official source:
284 284 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
285 285 #
286 286 # A bit more background info here:
287 287 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
288 288
289 289 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
290 290 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
291 291 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
292 292 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
293 293 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
294 294 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
295 295 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
296 296
297 297 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
298 298 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
299 299 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
300 300 #
301 301 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
302 302 # which says
303 303 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
304 304 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
305 305 # 2am on February 26 next year.
306 306
307 307 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
308 308 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
309 309 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
310 310 #
311 311 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
312 312 # states:
313 313 #
314 314 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
315 315 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
316 316 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
317 317 # on the 23rd of October, 2011.
318 318
319 319 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
320 320 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
321 321 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
322 322 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
323 323 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
324 324
325 325 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
326 326 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
327 327 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
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328 328 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
329 329
330 330 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
331 331 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
332 332 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx
333 333
334 334 # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20):
335 335 # DST will start Nov. 2 this year.
336 336 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx
337 337
338 -# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-20):
338 +# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77
339 +# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28),
340 +# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02):
341 +# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time
342 +# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at
343 +# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016.
344 +
345 +# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-01):
339 346 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to
340 -# 03:00 the first Sunday on or after January 18. Although ad hoc, it
341 -# matches this year's plan and seems more likely to match future
347 +# 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches
348 +# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future
342 349 # practice than guessing no DST.
343 350
344 351 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
345 352 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
346 353 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
347 354 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
348 355 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
349 356 Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
350 357 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
351 358 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
352 359 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
353 360 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
354 -Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
361 +Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
355 362 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
356 363 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
357 364 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
358 365
359 366 # French Polynesia
360 367 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
361 368 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
362 369 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
363 370 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
364 371 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
365 372 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
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366 373 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
367 374 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
368 375 # it is uninhabited.
369 376
370 377 # Guam
371 378 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
372 379 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
373 380 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
374 381 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
375 382 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
383 +Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
376 384
377 385 # Kiribati
378 386 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
379 387 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
380 388 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
381 389 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
382 390 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
383 391 -11:00 - PHOT 1995
384 392 13:00 - PHOT
385 393 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
386 394 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
387 395 -10:00 - LINT 1995
388 396 14:00 - LINT
389 397
390 398 # N Mariana Is
391 -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
392 -Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
393 - 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
394 - 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
395 - 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
396 - 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
399 +# See Pacific/Guam.
397 400
398 401 # Marshall Is
399 402 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
400 403 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
401 404 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
402 405 12:00 - MHT
403 406 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
404 407 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
405 408 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
406 409 12:00 - MHT
407 410
408 411 # Micronesia
409 412 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
410 413 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
411 414 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
412 415 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
413 416 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
414 417 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
415 418 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
416 419 12:00 - KOST 1999
417 420 11:00 - KOST
418 421
419 422 # Nauru
420 423 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
421 424 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
422 425 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
423 426 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
424 427 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
425 428 12:00 - NRT
426 429
427 430 # New Caledonia
428 431 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
429 432 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
430 433 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
431 434 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
432 435 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
433 436 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
434 437 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
435 438 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
436 439 11:00 NC NC%sT
437 440
438 441
439 442 ###############################################################################
440 443
441 444 # New Zealand
442 445
443 446 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
444 447 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
445 448 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
446 449 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
447 450 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
448 451 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
449 452 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
450 453 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
451 454 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
452 455 # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
453 456 # so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
454 457 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
455 458 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
456 459 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
457 460 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
458 461 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
459 462 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
460 463 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
461 464 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
462 465 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
463 466 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
464 467 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
465 468 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
466 469 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
467 470 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
468 471 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
469 472 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
470 473 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
471 474 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
472 475 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
473 476 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
474 477 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
475 478 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
476 479 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
477 480 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1
478 481 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
479 482
480 483 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
481 484
482 485 # Auckland Is
483 486 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
484 487 # and scientific personnel have wintered
485 488
486 489 # Campbell I
487 490 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
488 491 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
489 492 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
490 493 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
491 494
492 495 # Cook Is
493 496 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
494 497 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
495 498 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
496 499 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
497 500 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
498 501 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
499 502 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
500 503 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
501 504 -10:00 Cook CK%sT
502 505
503 506 ###############################################################################
504 507
505 508
506 509 # Niue
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507 510 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
508 511 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
509 512 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
510 513 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
511 514 -11:00 - NUT
512 515
513 516 # Norfolk
514 517 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
515 518 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
516 519 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
517 - 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
520 + 11:30 - NFT 1974 Oct 27 02:00 # Norfolk T.
521 + 11:30 1:00 NFST 1975 Mar 2 02:00
522 + 11:30 - NFT 2015 Oct 4 02:00
523 + 11:00 - NFT
518 524
519 525 # Palau (Belau)
520 526 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
521 527 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
522 528 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
523 529
524 530 # Papua New Guinea
525 531 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
526 532 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
527 533 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
528 534 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
529 535 #
530 536 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
531 537 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
532 538 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
533 539 #
534 540 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates
535 541 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
536 542 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
537 543 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
538 544 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
539 545 # http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
540 546 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
541 547 #
542 548 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11
543 549 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time";
544 550 # abbreviate this as BST. See:
545 551 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
546 552 #
547 553 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880
548 554 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895
549 555 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul
550 556 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21
551 557 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00
552 558 11:00 - BST
553 559
554 560 # Pitcairn
555 561 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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556 562 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
557 563 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00
558 564 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
559 565
560 566 # American Samoa
561 567 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
562 568 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
563 569 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
564 570 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
565 571 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
572 +Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands
566 573
567 574 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
568 575
569 576 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
570 577 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
571 578 # the following info:
572 579 #
573 580 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
574 581 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
575 582 # Sunday of April 2011."
576 583 #
577 584 # Background info:
578 585 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
579 586 #
580 587 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
581 588 # contain any dates:
582 589 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
583 590
584 591 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
585 592 # Please see
586 593 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws
587 594 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
588 595 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
589 596 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
590 597 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
591 598
592 599 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
593 600 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
594 601 #
595 602 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
596 603 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
597 604 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
598 605 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
599 606
600 607 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
601 608 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
602 609 #
603 610 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
604 611
605 612 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
606 613 # The International Date Line Act 2011
607 614 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
608 615 # changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
609 616 # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted
610 617 # accordingly.
611 618
612 619 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
613 620 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
614 621 #
615 622 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
616 623 #
617 624 # DST
618 625 # Year End Time Start Time
619 626 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
620 627 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
621 628 #
622 629 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
623 630 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
624 631 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
625 632 #
626 633 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
627 634 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
628 635 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
629 636 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
630 637 #
631 638 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
632 639 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
633 640 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
634 641
635 642 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
636 643 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D
637 644 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S
638 645 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D
639 646 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S
640 647 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
641 648 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
642 649 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
643 650 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
644 651 -11:30 - WSST 1950
645 652 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa
646 653 13:00 WS WS%sT
647 654
648 655 # Solomon Is
649 656 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
650 657 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
651 658 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
652 659 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
653 660
654 661 # Tokelau Is
655 662 #
656 663 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
657 664 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
658 665 # December 31 this year ...
659 666 #
660 667 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
661 668 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
662 669 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
663 670 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
664 671 # actually was to UTC-11 back then.
665 672 #
666 673 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
667 674 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
668 675 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
669 676 # <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau
670 677 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
671 678 # are off by an hour starting in 1901.
672 679
673 680 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
674 681 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
675 682 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
676 683 13:00 - TKT
677 684
678 685 # Tonga
679 686 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
680 687 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
681 688 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
682 689 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
683 690 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
684 691 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
685 692 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
686 693 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
687 694 13:00 - TOT 1999
688 695 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
689 696
690 697 # Tuvalu
691 698 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
692 699 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
693 700 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
694 701
695 702
696 703 # US minor outlying islands
697 704
698 705 # Howland, Baker
699 706 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
700 707 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
701 708 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
702 709 # uninhabited thereafter.
703 710 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937;
704 711 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
705 712 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
706 713 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
707 714 # until they were abandoned after the war.
708 715
709 716 # Jarvis
710 717 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
711 718 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
712 719 # uninhabited thereafter.
713 720 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
714 721
715 722 # Johnston
716 723 #
717 724 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11):
718 725 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
719 726 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
720 727 # treat it like Hawaii for now.
721 728 #
722 729 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
723 730 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
724 731 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
725 732 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and
726 733 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
727 734 #
728 735 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
729 736 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
730 737 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
731 738 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the
732 739 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
733 740 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
734 741 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
735 742 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
736 743 # http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
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737 744 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
738 745 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
739 746 # Minus One Hour".
740 747 #
741 748 # See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston.
742 749
743 750 # Kingman
744 751 # uninhabited
745 752
746 753 # Midway
747 -#
748 -# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
749 -# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
750 -# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
751 -# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly
752 -# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
753 -# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
754 -# designations that I've never seen before:....
755 -# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
756 -# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
757 -#
758 -Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
759 - -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
760 - -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
761 - -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
762 - -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
763 - -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
754 +# See Pacific/Pago_Pago.
764 755
765 756 # Palmyra
766 757 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
767 758
768 759 # Wake
769 760 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
770 761 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
771 762 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
772 763
773 764
774 765 # Vanuatu
775 766 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
776 767 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
777 768 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
778 769 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
779 770 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
780 771 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
781 772 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
782 773 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
783 774 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
784 775 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
785 776
786 777 # Wallis and Futuna
787 778 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
788 779 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
789 780 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
790 781
791 782 ###############################################################################
792 783
793 784 # NOTES
794 785
795 786 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
796 787 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
797 788 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
798 789 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
799 790
800 791 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
801 792 #
802 793 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
803 794 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
804 795 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
805 796 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
806 797 #
807 798 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
808 799 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
809 800 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
810 801 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
811 802 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
812 803 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
813 804 #
814 805 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
815 806 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
816 807 # I found in the UCLA library.
817 808 #
818 809 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
819 810 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
820 811 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
821 812 #
822 813 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
823 814 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
824 815 #
825 816 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
826 817 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
827 818 # Corrections are welcome!
828 819 # std dst
829 820 # LMT Local Mean Time
830 821 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
831 822 # 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia*
832 823 # 9:00 JST Japan
833 824 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
834 825 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
835 826 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro
836 827 # 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe*
837 828 # 11:00 BST Bougainville*
838 829 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
839 830 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
840 831 # 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945*
841 832 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present*
842 833 # 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present*
843 834 # -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950*
844 835 # -11:00 SST Samoa
845 836 # -10:00 HST Hawaii
846 837 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
847 838 #
848 839 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
849 840 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
850 841
851 842 ###############################################################################
852 843
853 844 # Australia
854 845
855 846 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
856 847 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
857 848 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
858 849 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
859 850 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
860 851 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
861 852 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
862 853 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
863 854 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
864 855 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
865 856 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
866 857 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
867 858
868 859 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
869 860 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
870 861 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
871 862 # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
872 863
873 864 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
874 865 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
875 866 # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving
876 867 # covers New South Wales in particular.
877 868
878 869 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
879 870 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
880 871 # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
881 872 # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
882 873 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
883 874 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
884 875 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
885 876 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
886 877 # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
887 878 # time'.
888 879 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
889 880 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
890 881 # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
891 882 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
892 883 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
893 884 # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
894 885 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
895 886
896 887 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
897 888 #
898 889 # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
899 890 # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
900 891 # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
901 892 # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
902 893 # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
903 894 # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
904 895 # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
905 896 # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web
906 897 # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
907 898 # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
908 899 # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
909 900 # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
910 901 #
911 902 # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
912 903 # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
913 904 # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
914 905 # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
915 906 # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
916 907 # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
917 908 # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
918 909 # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
919 910 # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
920 911 # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
921 912 #
922 913 # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
923 914 # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
924 915 #
925 916 # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
926 917 # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages
927 918 # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
928 919 # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
929 920 #
930 921 # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
931 922 # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au
932 923 #
933 924 # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
934 925 # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
935 926 # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
936 927 # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers
937 928 # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
938 929 # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
939 930 # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
940 931 #
941 932 # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
942 933 # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/>
943 934 # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
944 935 # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
945 936 # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
946 937 # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
947 938 # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
948 939 # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not
949 940 # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
950 941 # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
951 942 # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
952 943 # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
953 944 # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
954 945 # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
955 946 #
956 947 # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree:
957 948 #
958 949 # The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
959 950 # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
960 951 # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
961 952 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
962 953 #
963 954 # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
964 955 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
965 956 # EST CST WST EDT CDT
966 957 #
967 958 # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
968 959 # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
969 960 # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
970 961 #
971 962 # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
972 963 # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
973 964 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
974 965 #
975 966 # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
976 967 # http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
977 968 # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
978 969 #
979 970 # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
980 971 # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
981 972 # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
982 973 # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
983 974 # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
984 975 # appear in reports of events with international implications.
985 976 #
986 977 # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
987 978 # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
988 979 # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
989 980 # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
990 981 # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
991 982 # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
992 983 # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current
993 984 # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
994 985 # "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
995 986
996 987 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
997 988 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
998 989 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
999 990 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
1000 991 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
1001 992 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
1002 993 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
1003 994
1004 995 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
1005 996 #
1006 997 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
1007 998 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
1008 999 # relevant entries in this database.
1009 1000 #
1010 1001 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
1011 1002 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
1012 1003 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html
1013 1004 # ACT
1014 1005 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
1015 1006 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html
1016 1007 # SA
1017 1008 # Standard Time Act, 1898
1018 1009 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html
1019 1010
1020 1011 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
1021 1012 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
1022 1013 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
1023 1014 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
1024 1015 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
1025 1016 #
1026 1017 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
1027 1018 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
1028 1019 # to extend DST together in 2006.
1029 1020 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
1030 1021 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
1031 1022 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
1032 1023 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
1033 1024 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
1034 1025 # allude to it.
1035 1026 # But not Queensland
1036 1027 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
1037 1028
1038 1029 # Northern Territory
1039 1030
1040 1031 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1041 1032 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
1042 1033 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1043 1034 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
1044 1035 # ...
1045 1036 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
1046 1037
1047 1038 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1048 1039 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1049 1040 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
1050 1041
1051 1042 # Western Australia
1052 1043
1053 1044 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1054 1045 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
1055 1046 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1056 1047 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
1057 1048 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
1058 1049 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
1059 1050 # # before reaching parliament.
1060 1051 # ...
1061 1052 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
1062 1053 # ...
1063 1054 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1064 1055 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1065 1056 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1066 1057 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1067 1058
1068 1059 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1069 1060 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1070 1061 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
1071 1062
1072 1063 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
1073 1064 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
1074 1065 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
1075 1066 # work at 9.00am.)
1076 1067 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
1077 1068 # everybody again.
1078 1069
1079 1070 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1080 1071 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
1081 1072 # it matches what was used in the past.
1082 1073
1083 1074 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
1084 1075 # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
1085 1076 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
1086 1077 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
1087 1078
1088 1079 # Queensland
1089 1080 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1090 1081 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
1091 1082 # # [ Dec 1990 ]
1092 1083 # ...
1093 1084 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
1094 1085 # ...
1095 1086 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1096 1087 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
1097 1088 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1098 1089 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
1099 1090
1100 1091 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
1101 1092 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
1102 1093 # October 1989).
1103 1094
1104 1095 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1105 1096 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1106 1097 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1107 1098 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1108 1099
1109 1100 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
1110 1101 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
1111 1102 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
1112 1103 # me.)
1113 1104
1114 1105 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
1115 1106 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
1116 1107 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
1117 1108 # ...
1118 1109 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1119 1110 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1120 1111 # ...
1121 1112
1122 1113 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1123 1114 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
1124 1115
1125 1116 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
1126 1117 # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
1127 1118 # WA are trialing DST for three years.
1128 1119 # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
1129 1120
1130 1121 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
1131 1122 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
1132 1123 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
1133 1124 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
1134 1125 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
1135 1126 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
1136 1127 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
1137 1128 # Australia and Western Australia....
1138 1129 #
1139 1130 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
1140 1131 # This is confirmed by the section entitled
1141 1132 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in
1142 1133 # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html
1143 1134 #
1144 1135 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
1145 1136 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
1146 1137 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
1147 1138 # coast of the continent.
1148 1139 #
1149 1140 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
1150 1141 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
1151 1142 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
1152 1143 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
1153 1144 # the largest population centre in this zone....
1154 1145 #
1155 1146 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
1156 1147 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
1157 1148 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
1158 1149 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
1159 1150 #
1160 1151 # (2006-12-09):
1161 1152 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
1162 1153 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
1163 1154 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
1164 1155 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
1165 1156
1166 1157 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
1167 1158 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
1168 1159 # introduction of standard time in 1895.
1169 1160
1170 1161
1171 1162 # southeast Australia
1172 1163 #
1173 1164 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1174 1165 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
1175 1166 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
1176 1167 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
1177 1168
1178 1169
1179 1170 # South Australia
1180 1171
1181 1172 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1182 1173 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1183 1174 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1184 1175 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1185 1176
1186 1177 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1187 1178 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
1188 1179 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1189 1180 # ...
1190 1181 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
1191 1182 # ...
1192 1183 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1193 1184 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1194 1185 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
1195 1186 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1196 1187
1197 1188 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
1198 1189 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
1199 1190 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
1200 1191 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
1201 1192
1202 1193 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
1203 1194 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
1204 1195 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
1205 1196 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
1206 1197 # is on...
1207 1198
1208 1199 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
1209 1200 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
1210 1201 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
1211 1202 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
1212 1203
1213 1204 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
1214 1205 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
1215 1206 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
1216 1207 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
1217 1208
1218 1209 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
1219 1210 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
1220 1211 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
1221 1212 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
1222 1213
1223 1214 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1224 1215 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1225 1216
1226 1217 # Tasmania
1227 1218
1228 1219 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1229 1220 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1230 1221 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1231 1222 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1232 1223
1233 1224 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
1234 1225 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
1235 1226 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
1236 1227 # (but nothing new about that).
1237 1228
1238 1229 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
1239 1230 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
1240 1231 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
1241 1232 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
1242 1233 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
1243 1234 # instead of the first Sunday in October.
1244 1235
1245 1236 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
1246 1237 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
1247 1238
1248 1239 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1249 1240 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1250 1241
1251 1242 # Victoria
1252 1243
1253 1244 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1254 1245 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1255 1246 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1256 1247 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1257 1248
1258 1249 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
1259 1250 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
1260 1251 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
1261 1252 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
1262 1253 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
1263 1254 # in Melbourne, Australia.
1264 1255 #
1265 1256 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
1266 1257 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
1267 1258 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
1268 1259 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
1269 1260 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
1270 1261 # expected time.
1271 1262 #
1272 1263 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
1273 1264 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
1274 1265 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
1275 1266 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
1276 1267 #
1277 1268 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
1278 1269 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
1279 1270
1280 1271 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1281 1272 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1282 1273
1283 1274 # New South Wales
1284 1275
1285 1276 # From Arthur David Olson:
1286 1277 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
1287 1278 # Based on law library research by John Mackin,
1288 1279 # who notes:
1289 1280 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
1290 1281 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
1291 1282 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1292 1283 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1293 1284 # legislation. This is very important to understand.
1294 1285 # I have researched New South Wales time only...
1295 1286
1296 1287 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1297 1288 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1298 1289 # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore,
1299 1290 # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).
1300 1291 # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html
1301 1292
1302 1293 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1303 1294 # See the following official NSW source:
1304 1295 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1305 1296 # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ
1306 1297 #
1307 1298 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1308 1299 # daylight saving next year. See:
1309 1300 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1310 1301 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm
1311 1302 # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1312 1303 #
1313 1304 # Victoria will following NSW. See:
1314 1305 # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
1315 1306 # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm
1316 1307 #
1317 1308 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1318 1309 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
1319 1310 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm
1320 1311 #
1321 1312 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1322 1313 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1323 1314 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm
1324 1315 # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1325 1316 # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1326 1317 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1327 1318 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1328 1319 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1329 1320 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
1330 1321 #
1331 1322 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1332 1323 # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
1333 1324 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm
1334 1325
1335 1326 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1336 1327 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1337 1328 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1338 1329
1339 1330 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1340 1331 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1341 1332 # towns to use Queensland time.
1342 1333
1343 1334 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1344 1335 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1345 1336
1346 1337 # Yancowinna
1347 1338
1348 1339 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
1349 1340 # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1350 1341
1351 1342 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1352 1343 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
1353 1344 # # [ Dec 1990 ]
1354 1345 # ...
1355 1346 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
1356 1347 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
1357 1348 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
1358 1349 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
1359 1350 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
1360 1351 # # presently available.
1361 1352 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
1362 1353 # ...
1363 1354 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1364 1355 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
1365 1356 # [followed by other Rules]
1366 1357
1367 1358 # Lord Howe Island
1368 1359
1369 1360 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1370 1361 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
1371 1362 # [ Dec 1990 ]
1372 1363 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
1373 1364 # hour ahead of NSW time.
1374 1365
1375 1366 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
1376 1367 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
1377 1368 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
1378 1369 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
1379 1370 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
1380 1371 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
1381 1372 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
1382 1373 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
1383 1374 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
1384 1375 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
1385 1376
1386 1377 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
1387 1378 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
1388 1379 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
1389 1380 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
1390 1381 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
1391 1382 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
1392 1383
1393 1384 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1394 1385 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
1395 1386 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
1396 1387
1397 1388 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1398 1389 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1399 1390
1400 1391 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
1401 1392 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
1402 1393 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1403 1394 # summer (southern hemisphere).
1404 1395 #
1405 1396 # From
1406 1397 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
1407 1398 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1408 1399 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
1409 1400 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1410 1401 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
1411 1402 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
1412 1403 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1413 1404 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
1414 1405 #
1415 1406 # We have a wrap-up here:
1416 1407 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
1417 1408 ###############################################################################
1418 1409
1419 1410 # New Zealand
1420 1411
1421 1412 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
1422 1413 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1423 1414 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1424 1415 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1425 1416 # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1426 1417
1427 1418 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1428 1419 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1429 1420 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1430 1421 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1431 1422 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1432 1423 # ...
1433 1424 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1434 1425 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1435 1426 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1436 1427 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1437 1428 # ...
1438 1429 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1439 1430 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1440 1431
1441 1432 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1442 1433 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1443 1434 # rather than the October 1 value.
1444 1435
1445 1436 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1446 1437 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1447 1438 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1448 1439 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1449 1440 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1450 1441 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1451 1442 #
1452 1443 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1453 1444 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
1454 1445 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
1455 1446 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
1456 1447 #
1457 1448 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1458 1449 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1459 1450 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1460 1451
1461 1452 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1462 1453 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1463 1454 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1464 1455 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1465 1456 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1466 1457
1467 1458 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
1468 1459 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
1469 1460 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
1470 1461 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
1471 1462 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
1472 1463 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
1473 1464 # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
1474 1465 # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
1475 1466 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
1476 1467 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
1477 1468 # LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
1478 1469 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
1479 1470
1480 1471 ###############################################################################
1481 1472
1482 1473
1483 1474 # Fiji
1484 1475
1485 1476 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1486 1477 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1487 1478 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1488 1479
1489 1480 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1490 1481 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1491 1482 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1492 1483 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1493 1484
1494 1485 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1495 1486 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1496 1487
1497 1488 # From the BBC World Service in
1498 1489 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
1499 1490 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1500 1491 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
1501 1492 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
1502 1493 # of the new millennium.
1503 1494
1504 1495 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1505 1496 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1506 1497
1507 1498
1508 1499 # Kiribati
1509 1500
1510 1501 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1511 1502 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1512 1503 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
1513 1504 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1514 1505
1515 1506
1516 1507 # Kwajalein
1517 1508
1518 1509 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1519 1510 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1520 1511 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1521 1512 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1522 1513 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1523 1514
1524 1515
1525 1516 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1526 1517
1527 1518 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1528 1519 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1529 1520 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1530 1521 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1531 1522 # see Asia/Manila.
1532 1523
1533 1524 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
1534 1525 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1535 1526 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1536 1527 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1537 1528
1538 1529
1539 1530 # Micronesia
1540 1531
1541 1532 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1542 1533 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1543 1534 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1544 1535 #
1545 1536 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1546 1537 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1547 1538
1548 1539 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1549 1540 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1550 1541 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1551 1542 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
1552 1543 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1553 1544 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1554 1545
1555 1546
1556 1547 # Midway
1557 1548
1558 1549 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1559 1550 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1560 1551 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1561 1552 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
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1562 1553 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1563 1554 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1564 1555 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1565 1556 # air at 6am your time.
1566 1557 #
1567 1558 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1568 1559 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1569 1560 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1570 1561 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1571 1562
1563 +# Norfolk
1572 1564
1565 +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
1566 +# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
1567 +# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
1568 +# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
1569 +# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
1570 +
1571 +# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
1572 +# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
1573 +# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
1574 +# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
1575 +# other than in 1974/5. See:
1576 +# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
1577 +
1573 1578 # Pitcairn
1574 1579
1575 1580 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1576 1581 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1577 1582 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1578 1583 #
1579 1584 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1580 1585 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1581 1586 # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1582 1587 #
1583 1588 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1584 1589 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1585 1590 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1586 1591
1587 1592 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1588 1593 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1589 1594 # ... at midnight.
1590 1595
1591 1596 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1592 1597 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1593 1598 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1594 1599 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1595 1600
1596 1601
1597 1602 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
1598 1603
1599 1604 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1600 1605 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1601 1606 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1602 1607 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
1603 1608 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
1604 1609
1605 1610 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30
1606 1611 # in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11
1607 1612 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
1608 1613 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
1609 1614 # Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950,
1610 1615 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
1611 1616 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
1612 1617 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
1613 1618
1614 1619 # Tonga
1615 1620
1616 1621 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1617 1622 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
1618 1623 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
1619 1624 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1620 1625
1621 1626 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1622 1627 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
1623 1628 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
1624 1629 #
1625 1630 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1626 1631 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1627 1632 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1628 1633 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1629 1634 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1630 1635 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1631 1636 #
1632 1637 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1633 1638 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1634 1639 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1635 1640 #
1636 1641 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1637 1642 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1638 1643 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1639 1644 # minutes we have lost?"
1640 1645 #
1641 1646 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1642 1647 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1643 1648 # to say your prayers in the morning."
1644 1649
1645 1650 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1646 1651 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1647 1652
1648 1653 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1649 1654 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
1650 1655 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1651 1656 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1652 1657 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1653 1658 # Government.
1654 1659
1655 1660 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1656 1661 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1657 1662 #
1658 1663 # I was given this link by John Letts:
1659 1664 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1660 1665 #
1661 1666 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1662 1667 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1663 1668 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1664 1669 # (12 + 1 hour DST).
1665 1670
1666 1671 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
1667 1672 # According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>:
1668 1673 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1669 1674 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1670 1675 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1671 1676 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1672 1677 # set back an hour on the closing date."
1673 1678 # Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1674 1679
1675 1680 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1676 1681 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1677 1682 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1678 1683
1679 1684 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1680 1685 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1681 1686 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1682 1687 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1683 1688 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1684 1689 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1685 1690 # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>)
1686 1691
1687 1692 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1688 1693 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1689 1694
1690 1695 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1691 1696 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1692 1697 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1693 1698 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1694 1699 # hour to 1:00am.
1695 1700
1696 1701 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
1697 1702 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1698 1703
1699 1704
1700 1705 # Wake
1701 1706
1702 1707 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1703 1708 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1704 1709 #
1705 1710 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
1706 1711 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1707 1712 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1708 1713 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1709 1714 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1710 1715 # impossible.
1711 1716 #
1712 1717 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
1713 1718
1714 1719 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1715 1720 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1716 1721
1717 1722 ###############################################################################
1718 1723
1719 1724 # The International Date Line
1720 1725
1721 1726 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1722 1727 #
1723 1728 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1724 1729 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1725 1730 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1726 1731 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1727 1732 #
1728 1733 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1729 1734 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1730 1735 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1731 1736 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1732 1737 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1733 1738 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1734 1739 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1735 1740 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1736 1741 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1737 1742 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1738 1743 # correct date is ambiguous.
1739 1744
1740 1745 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
1741 1746 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
1742 1747 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
1743 1748 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
1744 1749 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
1745 1750 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
1746 1751 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
1747 1752 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
1748 1753 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
1749 1754 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
1750 1755 # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were
1751 1756 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1752 1757 # independent merchant ships until World War II.
1753 1758
1754 1759 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1755 1760 # (2005-03-20):
1756 1761 #
1757 1762 # The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1758 1763 # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187
1759 1764 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1760 1765 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.
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