Print this page
5722 Update timezone info db to 2015a
| Split |
Close |
| Expand all |
| Collapse all |
--- old/usr/src/cmd/zic/europe
+++ new/usr/src/cmd/zic/europe
1 1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3 3
4 4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8 8
9 -# From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31):
10 -# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
9 +# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
10 +#
11 +# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
11 12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
12 13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 +# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
13 15 #
14 16 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
15 17 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16 18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17 19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
18 -# of the IATA's data after 1990.
20 +# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 +# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
19 22 #
20 23 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
21 24 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
22 25 #
23 26 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
24 27 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
25 28 #
26 29 # Other sources occasionally used include:
27 30 #
28 31 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
29 32 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
30 33 # which I found in the UCLA library.
31 34 #
32 35 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
33 36 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
34 37 # [PDF] (1914-03)
35 38 #
36 39 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
37 40 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
38 41 # "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
39 42 # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
40 43 # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
41 44 #
42 45 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
43 46 # This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
44 47 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
45 48 # The full Russian citation is:
46 49 # Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
47 50 # введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
48 51 # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
49 52 # Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
50 53 # http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
51 54 #
52 55 # Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
53 56 # History of Summer Time
54 57 # <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
55 58 # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
56 59
57 60 #
58 61 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
59 62 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
60 63 # Corrections are welcome!
|
↓ open down ↓ |
32 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
61 64 # std dst 2dst
62 65 # LMT Local Mean Time
63 66 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
64 67 # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
65 68 # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
66 69 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
67 70 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
68 71 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
69 72 # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
70 73 # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
74 +# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
71 75 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
72 76 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
73 77 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
74 -# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe*
78 +# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)*
75 79 # 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Moscow
76 80
77 81 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
78 82 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
79 83 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
80 84 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
81 85 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
82 86 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
83 87 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
84 88 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
85 89 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
86 90 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
87 91 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
88 92 # ...
89 93 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
90 94 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
91 95 # ...
92 96 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
93 97 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
94 98 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
95 99 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
96 100 # in the Directive.
97 101
98 102
99 103 ###############################################################################
100 104
101 105 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
102 106
103 107 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
104 108 #
105 109 # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
106 110 # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
107 111 # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
108 112 # of the text said:
109 113 #
110 114 # 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
111 115 # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
112 116 # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
113 117 # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
114 118 # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
115 119 # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
116 120 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
117 121 #
118 122 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
119 123 # position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should
120 124 # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
121 125 #
122 126 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
123 127
124 128 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
125 129 #
126 130 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
127 131 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
128 132 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
129 133 # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
130 134 # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
131 135 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
132 136 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
133 137 # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
134 138 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
135 139 # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
136 140 # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
137 141 # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
138 142 # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
139 143 # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
140 144 # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
141 145 # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
142 146 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
143 147 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
144 148 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
145 149 # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
146 150 #
147 151 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
148 152 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
149 153 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
150 154
151 155 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
152 156 # The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
153 157 # informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
154 158 # Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
155 159 # New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
156 160 # whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
157 161 # after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
158 162 # In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
159 163 # that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See:
160 164 # Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg.
161 165 # Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
162 166 # http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
163 167 # Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
164 168 # did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
165 169 #
166 170 # In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
167 171 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
168 172 # who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
169 173 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
170 174 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
171 175 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
172 176 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
173 177 # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
174 178 # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
175 179 # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
176 180 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
177 181 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
178 182 # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
179 183 # designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
180 184 # which is permanently set to Summer Time.
181 185
182 186 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
183 187 # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
184 188 # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
185 189 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
186 190 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
187 191 # foundations of civilization throughout the world.
188 192 # -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
189 193 # republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
190 194 # http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf
191 195
192 196 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
193 197 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
194 198 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
195 199 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
196 200 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
197 201
198 202 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
199 203 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
200 204 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
201 205
202 206 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
203 207 # From: Jonathan Leffler
204 208 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
205 209 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
206 210 # politics making a fortune, not computing.
207 211
208 212 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
209 213 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
210 214 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
211 215 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
212 216 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
213 217
214 218 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
215 219 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
216 220 # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
217 221 # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
218 222
219 223 # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
220 224 # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
221 225 # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
222 226 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
223 227 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
224 228 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
225 229 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
226 230 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
227 231
228 232 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
229 233 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
230 234 # which is to be introduced in May....
231 235 # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
232 236 # which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
233 237
234 238 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
235 239 # Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
236 240 # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
237 241 # so we use 'BDST'.
238 242
239 243 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
240 244 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
241 245 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
242 246 # and extending this list, which can be found in
243 247 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
244 248
245 249 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
246 250 #
247 251 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
248 252 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech
249 253 # http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
250 254 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
251 255
252 256 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
253 257 #
254 258 # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
255 259 #
256 260 # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
257 261 # are incorrect:
258 262 # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
259 263 # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
260 264 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
261 265 # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
262 266 # It actually just had one transition.
263 267 # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
264 268 # Actually, it conformed to Britain.
265 269 # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
266 270 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
267 271 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
268 272 #
269 273 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
270 274 # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
271 275 # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
272 276 # conform with Great Britain.
273 277 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
274 278 #
275 279 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
276 280 # we'll ignore it for now.
277 281 # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
278 282 #
|
↓ open down ↓ |
194 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
279 283 #
280 284 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
281 285 # Shanks & Pottenger.
282 286 # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
283 287 # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
284 288 # to London. For example:
285 289 #
286 290 # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
287 291 # -- James Joyce, Ulysses
288 292
293 +# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
294 +# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
295 +# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed
296 +# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
297 +# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
298 +# Irish Times 2014-10-27.
299 +# http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
300 +
289 301 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
290 302 # Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
291 303 # These include various relating to legal time, for example:
292 304 #
293 305 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
294 306 #
295 307 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
296 308 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
297 309 #
298 310 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
299 311 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
300 312 # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
301 313 #
302 314 # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
303 315 # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
304 316 # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
305 317 #
306 318 # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
307 319 # <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
308 320 #
309 321 # (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these
310 322 # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
311 323 # the laws applicable in Ireland.)
312 324 #
313 325 # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
314 326 # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
315 327 # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
316 328 # being GMT+1.)
317 329
318 330 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
319 331 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
320 332 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
321 333 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
322 334 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
323 335 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
324 336 # and Frethun run in CT.
325 337 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
326 338 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
327 339 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
328 340 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
329 341 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
330 342 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
331 343
332 344 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
333 345 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
334 346 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
335 347 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
336 348 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
337 349 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
338 350 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
339 351
340 352 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
341 353 # Summer Time Act, 1916
342 354 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
343 355 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
344 356 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
345 357 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
346 358 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
347 359 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
348 360 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
349 361 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
350 362 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
351 363 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
352 364 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
353 365 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
354 366 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
355 367 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
356 368 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
357 369 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
358 370 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
359 371 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
360 372 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
361 373 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
362 374 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
363 375 # The Summer Time Act, 1922
364 376 Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
365 377 Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
366 378 Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
367 379 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
368 380 # The Summer Time Act, 1925
369 381 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
370 382 Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
371 383 Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
372 384 Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
373 385 Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
374 386 Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
375 387 Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
376 388 Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
377 389 Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
378 390 Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
379 391 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
380 392 # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
381 393 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
382 394 # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
383 395 Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
384 396 # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
385 397 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
386 398 Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
387 399 # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
388 400 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
389 401 # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
390 402 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
391 403 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
392 404 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
393 405 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
394 406 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
395 407 Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
396 408 Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
397 409 # The Summer Time Act, 1947
398 410 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
399 411 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
400 412 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
401 413 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
402 414 # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
403 415 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
404 416 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
405 417 # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
406 418 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
407 419 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
408 420 # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
409 421 # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
410 422 # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
411 423 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
412 424 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
413 425 # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
414 426 Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
415 427 Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
416 428 Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
417 429 Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
418 430 Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
419 431 Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
420 432 Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
421 433 # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
422 434 # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
423 435 # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
424 436 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
425 437 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
426 438 # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
427 439 # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
428 440 # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
429 441 Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
430 442 # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
431 443 Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
432 444 # The British Standard Time Act, 1968
433 445 # (no summer time)
434 446 # The Summer Time Act, 1972
435 447 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
436 448 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
437 449 # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
438 450 # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
439 451 # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
440 452 # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
441 453 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
442 454 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
443 455 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
444 456 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
445 457 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
446 458 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
447 459 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
448 460 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
449 461 #
450 462 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
451 463
452 464 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
453 465 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
454 466 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
455 467 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
456 468 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
457 469 0:00 EU GMT/BST
458 470 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
459 471 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
460 472 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
461 473
462 474 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
463 475 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
464 476 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
465 477 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
466 478 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
467 479 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
468 480 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
469 481 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
470 482 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
471 483 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
472 484 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
473 485 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
474 486 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
475 487 0:00 EU GMT/IST
476 488
477 489 ###############################################################################
478 490
479 491 # Europe
480 492
481 493 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
482 494 # Common Market, etc.
483 495
484 496 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
485 497 Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
486 498 Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
487 499 Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
488 500 Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
489 501 Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
490 502 Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
491 503 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
492 504 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
493 505 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
494 506 # http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
495 507
496 508 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
497 509 Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
498 510 Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
499 511 Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
500 512 Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
501 513 Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
502 514 Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
503 515
504 516 # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
505 517 # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
506 518 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
507 519 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
508 520 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
509 521 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
510 522 Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
511 523 Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
512 524 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
513 525 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
514 526 Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
515 527 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
516 528 Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
517 529 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
518 530 #
519 531 # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
520 532 # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
521 533 # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
522 534 # tz database itself, as seen below:
523 535 #
524 536 # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
525 537 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
526 538 #
527 539 # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
528 540 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
529 541 #
530 542 # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
531 543 # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
532 544 #
533 545 # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
534 546 # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
535 547 # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
536 548 #
537 549 # The rule line to be changed is:
538 550 #
539 551 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 -
540 552 #
541 553 # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
542 554 # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no
543 555 # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
544 556 # affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms
545 557 # CET and MET:
546 558 #
547 559 # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
548 560 # Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
549 561 #
550 562 # It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
551 563 #
552 564 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
553 565 #
554 566 # A small step for mankind though 8-)
555 567 Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
556 568 Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
557 569 Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
558 570 Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
559 571 Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
560 572 Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
561 573 Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
562 574
563 575 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
564 576 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
565 577 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
566 578 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
567 579 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
568 580 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
569 581 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
570 582
571 583 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
572 584 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
573 585 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
574 586 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
575 587 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
576 588 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
577 589 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD
578 590 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
579 591 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
580 592 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer
581 593 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
582 594 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
583 595 # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
584 596 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
585 597 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
↓ open down ↓ |
287 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
586 598 # Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
587 599 # Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
588 600 Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
589 601 Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
590 602 #
591 603 Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
592 604 Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
593 605 Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
594 606 Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
595 607 Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
608 +# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
596 609
597 610 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
598 611 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
599 612 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
600 613 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
601 614 #
602 615 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
603 616 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
604 617 #
605 618 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
606 619 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
607 620
608 621 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
609 622 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
610 623 # to be standard.
611 624
612 625 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
613 626
614 627 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
615 628 Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
616 629 Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
617 630 Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
618 631 Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
619 632
620 633 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
621 634 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
622 635
623 636 # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
624 637 # The official German names ... are
625 638 #
626 639 # Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
627 640 # Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
628 641 #
629 642 # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
630 643 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
631 644 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
632 645 #
633 646 # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
634 647 # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
635 648 # Postfach 3345
636 649 # D-38023 Braunschweig
637 650 # phone: +49 531 592-0
638 651 #
639 652 # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
640 653 # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
641 654 # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
642 655 #
643 656 # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
644 657 # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
645 658
646 659
647 660 # Albania
648 661 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
649 662 Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
650 663 Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
651 664 Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
652 665 Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
653 666 Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
654 667 Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
655 668 Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
656 669 Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
657 670 Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
658 671 Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
659 672 Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
660 673 Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
661 674 Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
662 675 Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
663 676 Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
664 677 Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
665 678 Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
666 679 Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
667 680 Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
668 681 Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
669 682 Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
670 683 Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
671 684 Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
672 685 Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
673 686 Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
674 687 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
675 688 Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
676 689 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
677 690 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
678 691 1:00 EU CE%sT
679 692
680 693 # Andorra
681 694 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
682 695 Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
683 696 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
684 697 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
685 698 1:00 EU CE%sT
686 699
687 700 # Austria
688 701
689 702 # Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.
690 703
691 704 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
692 705 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
693 706 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
694 707 # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition
695 708 # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV,
696 709 # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
697 710
698 711 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
699 712 Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
700 713 Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
701 714 Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
702 715 Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
703 716 Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
704 717 Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
705 718 Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
706 719 Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
707 720 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
708 721 Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr
709 722 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
710 723 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
711 724 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
712 725 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
713 726 1:00 - CET 1946
714 727 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
715 728 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
↓ open down ↓ |
110 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
716 729
717 730 # Belarus
718 731 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
719 732 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
720 733 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
721 734 #
722 735 # Sources (Russian language):
723 736 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
724 737 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
725 738 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
739 +#
740 +# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
741 +# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
742 +# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
743 +# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-08):
744 +# Hence Belarus can share time zone abbreviations with Moscow again.
745 +#
726 746 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
727 747 Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
728 748 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
729 749 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
730 750 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
731 751 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
732 752 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
733 753 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
734 754 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
735 755 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
736 756 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
737 757 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
738 - 3:00 - FET
758 + 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 1:00s
759 + 3:00 - MSK
739 760
740 761 # Belgium
741 762 #
742 763 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
743 764 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
744 765 # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
745 766 # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
746 767 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
747 768 # pp 8-9.
748 769 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
749 770 # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
750 771 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
751 772 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
752 773 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
753 774 #
754 775 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
755 776 Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
756 777 Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
757 778 Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
758 779 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
759 780 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
760 781 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
761 782 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
762 783 Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
763 784 Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
764 785 Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
765 786 Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
766 787 Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
767 788 # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
768 789 # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
769 790 # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
770 791 # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
771 792 Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
772 793 Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
773 794 Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
774 795 Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
775 796 Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
776 797 Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
777 798 Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
778 799 Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
779 800 Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
780 801 Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
781 802 Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
782 803 Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
783 804 Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
784 805 Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
785 806 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
786 807 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
787 808 Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
788 809 Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
789 810 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
790 811 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
791 812 Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
792 813 Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
793 814 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
794 815 Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
795 816 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
796 817 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
797 818 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
798 819 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
799 820 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
800 821 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
801 822 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
802 823 1:00 EU CE%sT
803 824
804 825 # Bosnia and Herzegovina
805 826 # See Europe/Belgrade.
806 827
807 828 # Bulgaria
808 829 #
809 830 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
810 831 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
811 832 # EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
812 833 # EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
813 834 #
814 835 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
815 836 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
816 837 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
817 838 Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
818 839 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
819 840 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
820 841 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
821 842 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
822 843 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
823 844 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
824 845 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
825 846 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
826 847 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
827 848 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
828 849 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
829 850 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
830 851 2:00 EU EE%sT
831 852
832 853 # Croatia
833 854 # See Europe/Belgrade.
834 855
835 856 # Cyprus
836 857 # Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
837 858
838 859 # Czech Republic
839 860 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
840 861 Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
841 862 Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
842 863 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
843 864 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
844 865 Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
845 866 Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
846 867 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
847 868 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
848 869 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
849 870 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
850 871 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
851 872 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
852 873 1:00 EU CE%sT
853 874 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
854 875
855 876 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
856 877
857 878 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
858 879 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
859 880 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
860 881 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
861 882 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
862 883 #
863 884 # The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
864 885 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
865 886 #
866 887 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
867 888 # in subsequent decrees with the law
868 889 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
869 890 #
870 891 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
871 892 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
872 893 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
873 894 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
874 895 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
875 896 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
876 897 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
877 898 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
878 899 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
879 900 # was suspended on that night):
880 901 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
881 902
882 903 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
883 904 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
884 905 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
885 906
886 907 # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
887 908 # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
888 909 # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
889 910
890 911 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
891 912 Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
892 913 Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
893 914 Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
894 915 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
895 916 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
896 917 Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
897 918 Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
898 919 Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
899 920 Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
900 921 Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
901 922 Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
902 923 #
903 924 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
904 925 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
905 926 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
906 927 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
907 928 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
908 929 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
909 930 1:00 EU CE%sT
910 931 Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
911 932 0:00 - WET 1981
912 933 0:00 EU WE%sT
913 934 #
914 935 # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
915 936 # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
916 937 # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
917 938 # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
918 939 #
919 940 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
920 941 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
921 942 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
922 943 # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
923 944 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
924 945 # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
925 946
926 947 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
927 948 # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
928 949 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
929 950 #
930 951 # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
931 952 # is according to the following time line:
932 953 #
933 954 # The military zone near Thule UTC-4
934 955 # Standard Greenland time UTC-3
935 956 # Scoresbysund UTC-1
936 957 # Danmarkshavn UTC
937 958 #
938 959 # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
939 960 # introduced.
940 961
941 962 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
942 963 #
943 964 # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
944 965 # the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have
945 966 # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have
946 967 # info from earlier correspondence.]
947 968 #
948 969 # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
949 970 # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
950 971 # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
951 972 #
952 973 # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
953 974 # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
954 975 # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
955 976 # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
956 977 # email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
957 978 # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
958 979 # DPC research station at Zackenberg.
959 980 #
960 981 # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
961 982 # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb).
962 983 #
963 984 # The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it
964 985 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
965 986 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
966 987 #
967 988 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
968 989 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
969 990 # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
970 991 # this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be
971 992 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
972 993
973 994 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
974 995 # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
975 996 # there at 2:00 AM.
976 997
977 998 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
978 999 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
979 1000 # the 1995 map as like Godthåb.
980 1001 # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996.
981 1002 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
982 1003 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
983 1004 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
984 1005 #
985 1006 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
986 1007 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
987 1008 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
988 1009 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
989 1010 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
990 1011 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
991 1012 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
992 1013 #
993 1014 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
994 1015 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
995 1016 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
996 1017 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
997 1018 0:00 - GMT
998 1019 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
999 1020 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1000 1021 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
1001 1022 -1:00 EU EG%sT
1002 1023 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
1003 1024 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1004 1025 -3:00 EU WG%sT
1005 1026 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
1006 1027 -4:00 Thule A%sT
1007 1028
1008 1029 # Estonia
1009 1030 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
1010 1031 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1011 1032 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1012 1033 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1013 1034 #
1014 1035 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
1015 1036 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
1016 1037 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
1017 1038 # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
1018 1039 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1019 1040 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1020 1041 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1021 1042 # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
1022 1043 # summer time next spring."
1023 1044
1024 1045 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
1025 1046 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
1026 1047 # http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
1027 1048 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
1028 1049 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
1029 1050 #
1030 1051 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
1031 1052 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
1032 1053 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
1033 1054
1034 1055 # From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
1035 1056 # via Steffen Thorsen:
1036 1057 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
1037 1058 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
1038 1059 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
1039 1060 # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
1040 1061 # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
1041 1062 # after that.
1042 1063
1043 1064 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
1044 1065 # Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
1045 1066 # no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
1046 1067 # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
1047 1068
1048 1069 # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
1049 1070 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
1050 1071 # Now we are using again EU rules.
1051 1072 #
1052 1073 # From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
1053 1074 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
1054 1075
1055 1076 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1056 1077 Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1057 1078 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1058 1079 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1059 1080 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1060 1081 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1061 1082 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1062 1083 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
1063 1084 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1064 1085 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1065 1086 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
1066 1087 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1
1067 1088 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
1068 1089 2:00 EU EE%sT
1069 1090
1070 1091 # Finland
1071 1092
1072 1093 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
1073 1094 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
1074 1095 # and it's supposed to change at 4am...
1075 1096
1076 1097 # From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
1077 1098 #
1078 1099 # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
1079 1100 # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
1080 1101 # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
1081 1102 # according to the central European standards.
1082 1103 #
1083 1104 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
1084 1105 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
1085 1106 # Finnish) at
1086 1107 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
1087 1108 #
1088 1109 # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
1089 1110 # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
1090 1111 #
1091 1112 # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
1092 1113 # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
1093 1114 #
1094 1115 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
1095 1116 # exist tonight."
1096 1117
1097 1118 # From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
1098 1119 # [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
1099 1120 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
1100 1121 # pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
1101 1122 # say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
1102 1123 # 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
1103 1124 # mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
1104 1125 # On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
1105 1126 #
1106 1127 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
1107 1128 # Go with Oja over Shanks.
1108 1129
1109 1130 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1110 1131 Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S
1111 1132 Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 -
1112 1133 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
1113 1134 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1114 1135
1115 1136 # Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
1116 1137 # round to nearest.
1117 1138
1118 1139 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1119 1140 Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31
1120 1141 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
1121 1142 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983
1122 1143 2:00 EU EE%sT
1123 1144
1124 1145 # Åland Is
1125 1146 Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
1126 1147
1127 1148
1128 1149 # France
1129 1150
1130 1151 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
1131 1152 #
1132 1153 # Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions
1133 1154 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
1134 1155 #
1135 1156 # Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel,
1136 1157 # Paris, 1991
1137 1158 #
1138 1159 # Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie,
1139 1160 # Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987
1140 1161
1141 1162
1142 1163 #
1143 1164 # Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
1144 1165 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1145 1166 Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1146 1167 Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
1147 1168 Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1148 1169 Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1149 1170 Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1150 1171 Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1151 1172 Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
1152 1173 Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1153 1174 Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
1154 1175 Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1155 1176 # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
1156 1177 # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
1157 1178 # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1158 1179 Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1159 1180 Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1160 1181 Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1161 1182 Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
1162 1183 Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1163 1184 Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1164 1185 Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1165 1186 Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1166 1187 Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
1167 1188 Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1168 1189 Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1169 1190 Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1170 1191 Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1171 1192 Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1172 1193 Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1173 1194 Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1174 1195 Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1175 1196 Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1176 1197 Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1177 1198 Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1178 1199 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
1179 1200 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
1180 1201 # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez,
1181 1202 # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La
1182 1203 # Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
1183 1204 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
1184 1205 # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
1185 1206 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
1186 1207 Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1187 1208 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
1188 1209 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
1189 1210 # who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
1190 1211 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
1191 1212 Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
1192 1213 Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
1193 1214 Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
1194 1215 Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
1195 1216 Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
1196 1217 Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
1197 1218 Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
1198 1219 Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
1199 1220 Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1200 1221 # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
1201 1222 # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
1202 1223 Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
1203 1224 Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
1204 1225 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
1205 1226 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
1206 1227 # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
1207 1228 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1208 1229 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1209 1230 Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
1210 1231 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
1211 1232 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
1212 1233 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
1213 1234 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
1214 1235 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1215 1236 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
1216 1237 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1217 1238 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1218 1239 1:00 EU CE%sT
1219 1240
1220 1241 # Germany
1221 1242
1222 1243 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
1223 1244 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1224 1245 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
1225 1246 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
1226 1247
1227 1248 # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1228 1249 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
1229 1250 # http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
1230 1251 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
1231 1252
1232 1253 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1233 1254 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
1234 1255 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
1235 1256 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
1236 1257 # this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
1237 1258
1238 1259
1239 1260 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1240 1261 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1241 1262 Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1242 1263 Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1243 1264 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
1244 1265 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
1245 1266 # Go with the PTB.
1246 1267 Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S
1247 1268 Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
1248 1269 Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
1249 1270 Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1250 1271 Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1251 1272
1252 1273 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1253 1274 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
1254 1275 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1255 1276
1256 1277 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1257 1278 Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1258 1279 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
1259 1280 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
1260 1281 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1261 1282 1:00 EU CE%sT
1262 1283
1263 1284 # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
1264 1285 # Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
1265 1286 # Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
1266 1287 # (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
1267 1288 # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
1268 1289 # which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
1269 1290 #
1270 1291 # Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
1271 1292 # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
1272 1293
1273 1294 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
1274 1295 # Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
1275 1296
1276 1297 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
1277 1298
1278 1299 # Georgia
1279 1300 # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
1280 1301 # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
1281 1302 # is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
1282 1303
1283 1304 # Gibraltar
1284 1305 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1285 1306 Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
1286 1307 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
1287 1308 1:00 - CET 1982
1288 1309 1:00 EU CE%sT
1289 1310
1290 1311 # Greece
1291 1312 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1292 1313 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1293 1314 Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
1294 1315 Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1295 1316 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1296 1317 Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
1297 1318 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1298 1319 Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1299 1320 Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
1300 1321 Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1301 1322 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1302 1323 Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1303 1324 Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
1304 1325 Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
1305 1326 Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
1306 1327 Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
1307 1328 Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
1308 1329 Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1309 1330 Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1310 1331 Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
1311 1332 Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
1312 1333 Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
1313 1334 Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1314 1335 Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1315 1336 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1316 1337 Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
1317 1338 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
1318 1339 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1319 1340 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
1320 1341 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
1321 1342 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
1322 1343 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
1323 1344 2:00 EU EE%sT
1324 1345
1325 1346 # Hungary
1326 1347 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
1327 1348 # Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
1328 1349 # Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945.
1329 1350 # National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
1330 1351 # http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
1331 1352 # This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
1332 1353 # & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
1333 1354 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1334 1355 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
1335 1356 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1336 1357 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
1337 1358 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 -
1338 1359 Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
1339 1360 Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1340 1361 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
1341 1362 Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1342 1363 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
1343 1364 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1344 1365 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
1345 1366 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
1346 1367 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1347 1368 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1348 1369 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1349 1370 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
1350 1371 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1351 1372 Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
1352 1373 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1353 1374 Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
1354 1375 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
1355 1376 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8
1356 1377 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1357 1378 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
1358 1379 1:00 EU CE%sT
1359 1380
1360 1381 # Iceland
1361 1382 #
1362 1383 # From Adam David (1993-11-06):
1363 1384 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
1364 1385 #
1365 1386 # (1993-12-05):
1366 1387 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
1367 1388 # Iceland Almanak.
1368 1389 #
1369 1390 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1370 1391 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1371 1392 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
1372 1393 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1373 1394 #
1374 1395 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1375 1396 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1376 1397 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
1377 1398 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1378 1399 #
|
↓ open down ↓ |
630 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
1379 1400 # (1993-12-10):
1380 1401 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1381 1402 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1382 1403 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1383 1404 # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1384 1405 # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1385 1406 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1386 1407 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
1387 1408 # might mean something else (???).
1388 1409 #
1389 -# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1390 -# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points.
1391 -# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely
1392 -# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
1410 +# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22):
1411 +# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
1412 +# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html
1393 1413 #
1394 1414 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1395 -Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
1415 +Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
1396 1416 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1397 -Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1417 +Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1418 +Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S
1419 +Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 -
1398 1420 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1399 -Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
1421 +Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 -
1400 1422 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1401 -Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
1402 -Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1403 -Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
1404 -Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
1405 -Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
1423 +Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 -
1424 +Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S
1406 1425 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1407 1426 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1408 -Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1427 +Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1409 1428 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1410 1429 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1411 -# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
1430 +# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
1412 1431 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1413 1432 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1414 1433 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1415 1434 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1416 -Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
1417 - -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
1435 +Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
1418 1436 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1419 1437 0:00 - GMT
1420 1438
1421 1439 # Italy
1422 1440 #
1423 1441 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1424 1442 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1425 1443 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1426 1444 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1427 1445 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1428 1446 # so record only the time in Rome.
1429 1447 #
1430 1448 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1431 1449 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
1432 1450 # F. Pollastri
1433 1451 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
1434 1452 # http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html
1435 1453 # ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1436 1454 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1437 1455 #
1438 1456 # year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1439 1457 # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1440 1458 # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1441 1459 # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1442 1460 # 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1443 1461 # 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1444 1462 # 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
1445 1463 # 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
1446 1464 # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1447 1465 # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
1448 1466 # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1449 1467 # 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
1450 1468 # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1451 1469 # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1452 1470 # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
1453 1471 # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
1454 1472 #
1455 1473 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1456 1474 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1457 1475 Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1458 1476 Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1459 1477 Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1460 1478 Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
1461 1479 Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1462 1480 Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
1463 1481 Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1464 1482 Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
1465 1483 Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
1466 1484 Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
1467 1485 Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1468 1486 Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
1469 1487 Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1470 1488 Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1471 1489 Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1472 1490 Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1473 1491 Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1474 1492 Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1475 1493 Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1476 1494 Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
1477 1495 Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1478 1496 Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
1479 1497 Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1480 1498 Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1481 1499 Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1482 1500 Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1483 1501 Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
1484 1502 Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1485 1503 Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
1486 1504 Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1487 1505 Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1488 1506 Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1489 1507 Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1490 1508 Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1491 1509 Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1492 1510 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1493 1511 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1494 1512 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
1495 1513 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1496 1514 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1497 1515 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1498 1516 1:00 EU CE%sT
1499 1517
1500 1518 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1501 1519 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1502 1520
1503 1521 # Latvia
1504 1522
1505 1523 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
1506 1524
1507 1525 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1508 1526 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1509 1527 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1510 1528 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1511 1529 #
1512 1530 # Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1513 1531 # according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1514 1532 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1515 1533 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1516 1534 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1517 1535 #
1518 1536 # Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
1519 1537 # according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
1520 1538 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1521 1539 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1522 1540 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
1523 1541 # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
1524 1542 #
1525 1543 # Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
1526 1544 # according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
1527 1545 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
1528 1546 # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
1529 1547 # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
1530 1548 # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1531 1549 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
1532 1550 # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
1533 1551 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
1534 1552 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
1535 1553 #
1536 1554 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
1537 1555 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
1538 1556 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
1539 1557
1540 1558 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
1541 1559 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
1542 1560 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
1543 1561 # 29-Feb-2000 (#79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>,
1544 1562 # in Latvian for subscribers only).
1545 1563
1546 1564 # From RFE/RL Newsline
1547 1565 # http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
1548 1566 # (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
1549 1567 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
1550 1568 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
1551 1569 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
1552 1570 # clocks one hour in the spring....
1553 1571 # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few
1554 1572 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
1555 1573 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
1556 1574 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
1557 1575 # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
1558 1576 # appears that they will not do so....
1559 1577
1560 1578 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1561 1579 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1562 1580 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1563 1581
1564 1582 # Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
1565 1583 # Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34.
1566 1584 # Go with Byalokoz.
1567 1585
1568 1586 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1569 1587 Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880
1570 1588 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT
1571 1589 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST
1572 1590 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1573 1591 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1574 1592 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11
1575 1593 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1576 1594 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1577 1595 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
1578 1596 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1579 1597 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
1580 1598 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
1581 1599 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
1582 1600 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
1583 1601 2:00 EU EE%sT
1584 1602
1585 1603 # Liechtenstein
1586 1604
1587 1605 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
1588 1606 # Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
1589 1607
1590 1608 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
1591 1609 # http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
1592 1610 # ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
1593 1611 # I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
1594 1612 # ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
1595 1613 # introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on
1596 1614 # central European time was in force throughout the year.
1597 1615 # From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
1598 1616 # regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.
1599 1617
1600 1618 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
1601 1619
1602 1620
1603 1621 # Lithuania
1604 1622
1605 1623 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1606 1624 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1607 1625 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1608 1626
1609 1627 # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
1610 1628 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
1611 1629 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
1612 1630
1613 1631 # From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>,
1614 1632 # via Steffen Thorsen:
1615 1633 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
1616 1634 # to be valid here starting from October 31,
1617 1635 # as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
1618 1636 # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
1619 1637 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
1620 1638 # already done by Estonia.
1621 1639
1622 1640 # From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
1623 1641 # <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27):
1624 1642 # Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
1625 1643
1626 1644 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
1627 1645 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
1628 1646 # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
1629 1647 # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
1630 1648 # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
1631 1649 # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
1632 1650 # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
1633 1651
1634 1652
1635 1653 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1636 1654 Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1637 1655 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1638 1656 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1639 1657 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1640 1658 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1641 1659 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1642 1660 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1643 1661 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1644 1662 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1645 1663 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1646 1664 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1647 1665 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1648 1666 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
1649 1667 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
1650 1668 2:00 EU EE%sT
1651 1669
1652 1670 # Luxembourg
1653 1671 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
1654 1672 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1655 1673 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1656 1674 Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1657 1675 Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1658 1676 Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1659 1677 Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1660 1678 Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1661 1679 Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1662 1680 Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
1663 1681 Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1664 1682 Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
1665 1683 Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1666 1684 Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
1667 1685 Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
1668 1686 Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
1669 1687 Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1670 1688 Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
1671 1689 Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
1672 1690 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1673 1691 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1674 1692 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1675 1693 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1676 1694 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1677 1695 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1678 1696 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1679 1697 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1680 1698 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1681 1699 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1682 1700 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1683 1701 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1684 1702 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1685 1703 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1686 1704 1:00 EU CE%sT
1687 1705
1688 1706 # Macedonia
1689 1707 # See Europe/Belgrade.
1690 1708
1691 1709 # Malta
1692 1710 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1693 1711 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1694 1712 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1695 1713 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1696 1714 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1697 1715 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1698 1716 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1699 1717 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1700 1718 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1701 1719 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
1702 1720 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1703 1721 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1704 1722 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1705 1723 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1706 1724 1:00 EU CE%sT
1707 1725
1708 1726 # Moldova
1709 1727
1710 1728 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1711 1729 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
1712 1730 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
1713 1731 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
1714 1732 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
1715 1733 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
1716 1734 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
1717 1735 # But [two people] separately reported via
1718 1736 # Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
1719 1737 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
1720 1738 #
1721 1739 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
1722 1740 # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
1723 1741 # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
1724 1742 # to the Winter Time).
1725 1743 #
1726 1744 # News (in Russian):
1727 1745 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
1728 1746 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
1729 1747 #
1730 1748 # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
1731 1749 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
1732 1750 #
1733 1751 # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
1734 1752 # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
1735 1753 # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
1736 1754 #
1737 1755 # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
1738 1756 #
1739 1757 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
1740 1758 # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
1741 1759 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
1742 1760 # decision to abolish DST this winter.
1743 1761 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
1744 1762 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
1745 1763 # News from Moldova (in russian):
1746 1764 # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
1747 1765
1748 1766
1749 1767 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1750 1768 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1751 1769 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1752 1770 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1753 1771 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1754 1772 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1755 1773 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1756 1774 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1757 1775 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6
1758 1776 2:00 - EET 1991
1759 1777 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
1760 1778 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1761 1779 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1762 1780 2:00 EU EE%sT
1763 1781
1764 1782 # Monaco
1765 1783 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1766 1784 # more precise 0:09:21.
1767 1785 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1768 1786 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1769 1787 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1770 1788 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1771 1789 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1772 1790 1:00 EU CE%sT
1773 1791
1774 1792 # Montenegro
1775 1793 # See Europe/Belgrade.
1776 1794
1777 1795 # Netherlands
1778 1796
1779 1797 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1780 1798 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1781 1799
1782 1800 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
1783 1801 # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
1784 1802 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
1785 1803 # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
1786 1804 # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
1787 1805 # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
1788 1806 # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
1789 1807 # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
1790 1808 # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
1791 1809 #
1792 1810 # (2001-04-08):
1793 1811 # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
1794 1812 # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
1795 1813 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1796 1814 #
1797 1815 # (2001-04-09):
1798 1816 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1799 1817 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1800 1818 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1801 1819 # actually followed.
1802 1820 #
1803 1821 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1804 1822 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
1805 1823 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1806 1824 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1807 1825 # adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1808 1826 #
1809 1827 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1810 1828 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1811 1829 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1812 1830 # Amsterdam mean time.
1813 1831
1814 1832 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from
1815 1833 # http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm
1816 1834
1817 1835 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1818 1836 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1819 1837 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1820 1838 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1821 1839 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1822 1840 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1823 1841 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
1824 1842 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1825 1843 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1826 1844 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1827 1845 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1828 1846 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1829 1847 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1830 1848 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1831 1849 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1832 1850 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1833 1851 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1834 1852 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1835 1853 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1836 1854 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1837 1855 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1838 1856 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1839 1857 Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1840 1858 #
1841 1859 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
1842 1860 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
1843 1861 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1844 1862 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
1845 1863 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
1846 1864 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
1847 1865 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1848 1866 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1849 1867 1:00 EU CE%sT
1850 1868
1851 1869 # Norway
1852 1870 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
1853 1871 # Pottenger.
1854 1872 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1855 1873 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1856 1874 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1857 1875 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1858 1876 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1859 1877 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1860 1878 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1861 1879 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1862 1880 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1863 1881 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
1864 1882 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1865 1883 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1866 1884 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1867 1885 1:00 EU CE%sT
1868 1886
1869 1887 # Svalbard & Jan Mayen
1870 1888
1871 1889 # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
1872 1890 # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
1873 1891 # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
1874 1892 # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
1875 1893 # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
1876 1894 # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
1877 1895 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and
1878 1896 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation
1879 1897 # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
1880 1898 # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
1881 1899 # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
1882 1900 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been
1883 1901 # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
1884 1902 # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by
1885 1903 # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
1886 1904 # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
1887 1905 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
1888 1906 # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
1889 1907
1890 1908 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
1891 1909 #
1892 1910 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
1893 1911 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
1894 1912 # keeping Berlin time.
1895 1913 #
1896 1914 # <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
1897 1915 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
1898 1916 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
1899 1917 # frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
1900 1918 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
1901 1919 # the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
1902 1920 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
1903 1921 #
1904 1922 # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
1905 1923 # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
1906 1924 # <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
1907 1925 # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
1908 1926 # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
1909 1927 # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
1910 1928 # http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html
1911 1929 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
1912 1930 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
1913 1931 #
1914 1932 # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
1915 1933 # for these regions.
1916 1934 Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1917 1935
1918 1936 # Poland
1919 1937
1920 1938 # The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
1921 1939 # <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2.
1922 1940
1923 1941 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1924 1942 Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1925 1943 Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1926 1944 Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
1927 1945 # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1928 1946 Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1929 1947 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1930 1948 Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
1931 1949 Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1932 1950 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
1933 1951 # Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
1934 1952 # http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
1935 1953 # Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
1936 1954 # He also gives these further references:
1937 1955 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
1938 1956 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
1939 1957 Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
1940 1958 Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1941 1959 Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
1942 1960 Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1943 1961 Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1944 1962 Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1945 1963 Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1946 1964 Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1947 1965 Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
1948 1966 Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
1949 1967 Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
1950 1968 Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
1951 1969 Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1952 1970 Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1953 1971 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1954 1972 Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1955 1973 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1956 1974 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1957 1975 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1958 1976 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1959 1977 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1960 1978 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977
1961 1979 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
1962 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT
1963 1981
1964 1982 # Portugal
1965 1983 #
1966 1984 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
1967 1985 # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
1968 1986 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
1969 1987 # Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
1970 1988 # Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees
1971 1989 # with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for
1972 1990 # Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.
1973 1991 #
1974 1992 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
1975 1993 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1976 1994 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
1977 1995 #
1978 1996 # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
1979 1997 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1980 1998 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
1981 1999 #
1982 2000 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
1983 2001 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
1984 2002 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
1985 2003 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
1986 2004 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
1987 2005 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
1988 2006 # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
1989 2007 #
1990 2008 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1991 2009 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
1992 2010 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
1993 2011 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1994 2012 Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
1995 2013 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1996 2014 Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
1997 2015 Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1998 2016 Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1999 2017 Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
2000 2018 Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
2001 2019 Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
2002 2020 Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
2003 2021 Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2004 2022 Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
2005 2023 Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
2006 2024 Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2007 2025 Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
2008 2026 Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
2009 2027 Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
2010 2028 Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
2011 2029 # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2012 2030 Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2013 2031 Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
2014 2032 Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
2015 2033 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2016 2034 Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2017 2035 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
2018 2036 Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
2019 2037 Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
2020 2038 # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2021 2039 Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
2022 2040 Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
2023 2041 Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2024 2042 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2025 2043 Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
2026 2044 Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
2027 2045 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
2028 2046 Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
2029 2047 Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2030 2048 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
2031 2049 Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
2032 2050 Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
2033 2051 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
2034 2052 Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
2035 2053 Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
2036 2054 Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
2037 2055 Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
2038 2056 Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2039 2057 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
2040 2058 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2041 2059 # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
2042 2060 # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2043 2061 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
2044 2062 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2045 2063 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
2046 2064 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
2047 2065 Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
2048 2066 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
2049 2067 Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2050 2068 Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2051 2069 Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
2052 2070 Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
2053 2071 #
2054 2072 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2055 2073 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
2056 2074 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
2057 2075 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2058 2076 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
2059 2077 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2060 2078 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2061 2079 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
2062 2080 0:00 EU WE%sT
2063 2081 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
2064 2082 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time
2065 2083 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
2066 2084 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2067 2085 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2068 2086 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
2069 2087 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
2070 2088 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
2071 2089 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time
2072 2090 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
2073 2091 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2074 2092 0:00 EU WE%sT
2075 2093
2076 2094 # Romania
2077 2095 #
2078 2096 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
2079 2097 # Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
2080 2098 # (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
2081 2099 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
2082 2100 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
2083 2101 # the same year as Bulgaria.
2084 2102 #
2085 2103 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2086 2104 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
2087 2105 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
2088 2106 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
2089 2107 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
2090 2108 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2091 2109 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
2092 2110 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2093 2111 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2094 2112 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
2095 2113 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2096 2114 Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
2097 2115 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
2098 2116 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
2099 2117 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2100 2118 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
2101 2119 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2102 2120 2:00 EU EE%sT
2103 2121
2104 2122
2105 2123 # Russia
2106 2124
2107 2125 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
2108 2126 # Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011
2109 2127 # (Government document
2110 2128 # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
2111 2129 # in Russian)
2112 2130 # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
2113 2131 # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
2114 2132 # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
2115 2133 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
2116 2134
2117 2135 # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
2118 2136 # Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
2119 2137 # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
2120 2138 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
2121 2139
2122 2140 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2123 2141 # Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
2124 2142 # changed in September 2011:
2125 2143 #
2126 2144 # One source is
2127 2145 # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
2128 2146 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
2129 2147 # 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
2130 2148 #
2131 2149 # Another source is
2132 2150 # http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
2133 2151 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
2134 2152 # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
2135 2153 # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
2136 2154 # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
2137 2155 # does not contain any "effective date" information.
2138 2156 #
2139 2157 # Another source is
2140 2158 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
2141 2159 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011...
2142 2160 # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2143 2161 # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
2144 2162 #
2145 2163 # The Wikipedia article refers to
2146 2164 # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
2147 2165 # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
2148 2166 #
2149 2167 # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
2150 2168 # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2151 2169 # with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
2152 2170 # get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
2153 2171 # Conradi notes).
2154 2172 #
2155 2173 # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
2156 2174 #
2157 2175 # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
2158 2176
2159 2177 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
2160 2178 # According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
2161 2179 # http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
2162 2180 # the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
2163 2181 # winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new
2164 2182 # regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
2165 2183 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
2166 2184 # Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
2167 2185 # 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
2168 2186 # areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
2169 2187 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
2170 2188 #
2171 2189 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
2172 2190 # Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
2173 2191 # http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
2174 2192 # http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
2175 2193 # http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
2176 2194 # From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this:
2177 2195 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
2178 2196
2179 2197 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2180 2198 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
2181 2199 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
2182 2200 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
2183 2201 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
2184 2202 # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
2185 2203 #
2186 2204 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
2187 2205 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
2188 2206 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
2189 2207 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
2190 2208 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
2191 2209 #
2192 2210 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
2193 2211 # 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
2194 2212 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
2195 2213 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
2196 2214 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
2197 2215 #
2198 2216 # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
2199 2217 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
2200 2218 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
2201 2219 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
2202 2220 #
2203 2221 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
2204 2222 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
2205 2223 # News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
2206 2224 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
2207 2225 # the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
2208 2226 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
2209 2227 #
2210 2228 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
2211 2229 # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
2212 2230 # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the
2213 2231 # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
2214 2232 # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
2215 2233 # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
2216 2234 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
2217 2235 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
2218 2236
2219 2237 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2220 2238 # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
2221 2239 # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
2222 2240 # are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
2223 2241 # listing. The region codes listed come from
2224 2242 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
2225 2243 # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
2226 2244 # future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
2227 2245 # divisions where available.
2228 2246
2229 2247 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2230 2248
2231 2249
2232 2250 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2233 2251 # Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
2234 2252 # 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
2235 2253
2236 2254 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
2237 2255 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2238 2256 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
2239 2257 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2240 2258 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2241 2259 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2242 2260 2:00 - EET
2243 2261
2244 2262
2245 2263 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2246 2264 # Europe/Moscow covers...
2247 2265 # 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
2248 2266 # 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
2249 2267 # 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
2250 2268 # 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
2251 2269 # 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
2252 2270 # 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
2253 2271 # 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
2254 2272 # 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
2255 2273 # 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
2256 2274 # 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
2257 2275 # 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
2258 2276 # 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
2259 2277 # 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
2260 2278 # 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
2261 2279 # 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
2262 2280 # 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
2263 2281 # 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
2264 2282 # 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
2265 2283 # 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
2266 2284 # 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast
2267 2285 # 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast
2268 2286 # 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
2269 2287 # 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
2270 2288 # 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
2271 2289 # 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
2272 2290 # 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
2273 2291 # 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
2274 2292 # 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
2275 2293 # 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
2276 2294 # 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
2277 2295 # 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
2278 2296 # 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
2279 2297 # 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
2280 2298 # 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
2281 2299 # 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
2282 2300 # 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
2283 2301 # 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
2284 2302 # 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
2285 2303 # 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
2286 2304 # 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
2287 2305 # 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
2288 2306 # 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
2289 2307 # 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
2290 2308 # 77 RU-MOW Moscow
2291 2309 # 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
2292 2310 # 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2293 2311
2294 2312 # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
2295 2313 # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
2296 2314 # Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
2297 2315 # LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
2298 2316 # (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
2299 2317 # The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
2300 2318 # Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
2301 2319 # was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
2302 2320 # coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
2303 2321 # 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
2304 2322 # 2:31:19 ...
2305 2323 #
2306 2324 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
2307 2325 # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
2308 2326 # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
2309 2327 # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
2310 2328 # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
2311 2329
2312 2330 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
2313 2331 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
2314 2332 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2315 2333 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
2316 2334 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2317 2335 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2318 2336 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2319 2337 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2320 2338 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2321 2339 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2322 2340 3:00 - MSK
2323 2341
2324 2342
2325 2343 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2326 2344 # Europe/Simferopol covers...
2327 2345 # ** **** Crimea, Republic of
2328 2346 # ** **** Sevastopol
2329 2347
2330 2348 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2331 2349 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2332 2350 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2333 2351 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2334 2352 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2335 2353 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2336 2354 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2337 2355 2:00 - EET 1992
2338 2356 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
2339 2357 #
2340 2358 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2341 2359 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2342 2360 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2343 2361 # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
2344 2362 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
2345 2363 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
2346 2364 # changed in May.
2347 2365 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2348 2366 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2349 2367 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
2350 2368 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2351 2369 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2352 2370 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2353 2371 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2354 2372 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2355 2373 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
2356 2374 # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
2357 2375 # http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
2358 2376 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
2359 2377 # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
2360 2378 # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
2361 2379 # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
2362 2380 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
2363 2381 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2364 2382 3:00 - MSK
2365 2383
2366 2384
2367 2385 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2368 2386 # Europe/Volgograd covers...
2369 2387 # 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
2370 2388 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2371 2389 # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2372 2390 # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2373 2391
2374 2392 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09):
2375 2393 # Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300.
2376 2394 # Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data.
2377 2395
2378 2396 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2379 2397 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
2380 2398 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
2381 2399 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11
2382 2400 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
2383 2401 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2384 2402 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2385 2403 3:00 Russia MSK 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2386 2404 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2387 2405 3:00 - MSK
2388 2406
2389 2407
2390 2408 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2391 2409 # Europe/Samara covers...
2392 2410 # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
2393 2411 # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
2394 2412
2395 2413 # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
2396 2414
2397 2415 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2398 2416 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21
2399 2417 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
2400 2418 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
2401 2419 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2402 2420 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2403 2421 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
2404 2422 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
2405 2423 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2406 2424 4:00 - SAMT
2407 2425
2408 2426
2409 2427 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2410 2428 # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
2411 2429 # 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
2412 2430 # 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
2413 2431 # 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
2414 2432 # 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
2415 2433 # 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
2416 2434 # 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
2417 2435 # 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
2418 2436 # 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
2419 2437 # 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2420 2438 #
2421 2439 # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
2422 2440 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
2423 2441
2424 2442 # Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
2425 2443 # Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
2426 2444 # Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
2427 2445 # The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
2428 2446
2429 2447 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3
2430 2448 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
2431 2449 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
2432 2450 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2433 2451 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2434 2452 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2435 2453 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2436 2454 5:00 - YEKT
2437 2455
2438 2456
2439 2457 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2440 2458 # Asia/Omsk covers...
2441 2459 # 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
2442 2460 # 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
2443 2461 # 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
2444 2462
2445 2463 # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
2446 2464
2447 2465 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
2448 2466 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
2449 2467 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2450 2468 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2451 2469 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2452 2470 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2453 2471 6:00 - OMST
2454 2472
2455 2473
2456 2474 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2457 2475 # Asia/Novosibirsk covers...
2458 2476 # 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
2459 2477 # 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
2460 2478
2461 2479 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
2462 2480 # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
2463 2481
2464 2482 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
2465 2483 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
2466 2484 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2467 2485 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2468 2486 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
2469 2487 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2470 2488 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2471 2489 6:00 - NOVT
2472 2490
2473 2491
2474 2492 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2475 2493 # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
2476 2494 # 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
2477 2495
2478 2496 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
2479 2497 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
2480 2498 # March 28, 2010:
2481 2499 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
2482 2500 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
2483 2501 #
2484 2502 # This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September
2485 2503 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
2486 2504 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
2487 2505 #
2488 2506 # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
2489 2507 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
2490 2508 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
2491 2509 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
2492 2510 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
2493 2511 #
|
↓ open down ↓ |
1066 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
2494 2512 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
2495 2513 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
2496 2514 #
2497 2515 # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
2498 2516 # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
2499 2517
2500 2518 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2501 2519 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
2502 2520 # realigning itself with KRAT.
2503 2521
2504 -Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6
2522 +Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1
2505 2523 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
2506 2524 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2507 2525 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2508 2526 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2509 2527 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk
2510 2528 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2511 2529 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time
2512 2530
2513 2531
2514 2532 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2515 2533 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
2516 2534 # 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
2517 2535 # 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
2518 2536 # 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
2519 2537 #
2520 2538 # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
2521 2539 # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
2522 2540
2523 2541 # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
2524 2542
2525 2543 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
2526 2544 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
2527 2545 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2528 2546 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2529 2547 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2530 2548 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2531 2549 7:00 - KRAT
2532 2550
2533 2551
2534 2552 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2535 2553 # Asia/Irkutsk covers...
2536 2554 # 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
2537 2555 # 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
2538 2556 #
2539 2557 # Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
2540 2558 # merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
2541 2559
2542 2560 # Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15.
2543 2561 # Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05.
2544 2562 # Go with Byalokoz.
2545 2563
2546 2564 Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880
2547 2565 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
2548 2566 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
2549 2567 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2550 2568 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2551 2569 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2552 2570 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2553 2571 8:00 - IRKT
2554 2572
2555 2573
2556 2574 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2557 2575 # Asia/Chita covers...
2558 2576 # 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
2559 2577 #
2560 2578 # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
2561 2579 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
2562 2580
2563 2581 Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2564 2582 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2565 2583 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2566 2584 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2567 2585 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2568 2586 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2569 2587 8:00 - IRKT
2570 2588
2571 2589
2572 2590 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2573 2591 # Asia/Yakutsk covers...
2574 2592 # 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
2575 2593 #
2576 2594 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2577 2595 # 14-02 **** Aldansky District
2578 2596 # 14-04 **** Amginsky District
2579 2597 # 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
2580 2598 # 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
2581 2599 # 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
2582 2600 # 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District
2583 2601 # 14-11 **** Gorny District
2584 2602 # 14-12 **** Zhigansky District
2585 2603 # 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District
2586 2604 # 14-14 **** Lensky District
2587 2605 # 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District
2588 2606 # 14-16 **** Mirninsky District
2589 2607 # 14-18 **** Namsky District
2590 2608 # 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District
2591 2609 # 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District
2592 2610 # 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District
2593 2611 # 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District
2594 2612 # 14-26 **** Suntarsky District
2595 2613 # 14-27 **** Tattinsky District
2596 2614 # 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District
2597 2615 # 14-32 **** Khangalassky District
2598 2616 # 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District
2599 2617 # 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
2600 2618
2601 2619 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2602 2620 # Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
2603 2621 # Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
2604 2622 # Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
2605 2623
2606 2624 # Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
2607 2625
2608 2626 Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2609 2627 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2610 2628 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2611 2629 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2612 2630 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2613 2631 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2614 2632 9:00 - YAKT
2615 2633
2616 2634
2617 2635 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2618 2636 # Asia/Vladivostok covers...
2619 2637 # 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
2620 2638 # 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
2621 2639 # 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
2622 2640 #
2623 2641 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2624 2642 # 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District
2625 2643 # 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District
2626 2644
2627 2645 # Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5.
2628 2646 # Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31.
2629 2647 # Go with Byalokoz.
2630 2648
2631 2649 Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
2632 2650 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
2633 2651 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2634 2652 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2635 2653 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2636 2654 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2637 2655 10:00 - VLAT
2638 2656
2639 2657
2640 2658 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2641 2659 # Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2642 2660 # 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
2643 2661 # 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
2644 2662
2645 2663 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2646 2664 # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
2647 2665 # in 2011.
2648 2666
2649 2667 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
2650 2668 # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
2651 2669 # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
2652 2670 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
2653 2671
2654 2672 Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2655 2673 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2656 2674 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2657 2675 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2658 2676 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004
2659 2677 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2660 2678 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
2661 2679 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2662 2680 9:00 - YAKT
2663 2681
2664 2682
2665 2683 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2666 2684 # Asia/Sakhalin covers...
2667 2685 # 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
2668 2686 # ...with the exception of:
2669 2687 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
2670 2688
2671 2689 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
2672 2690 Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
2673 2691 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
2674 2692 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
2675 2693 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T
2676 2694 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2677 2695 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
2678 2696 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2679 2697 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2680 2698 10:00 - SAKT
2681 2699
2682 2700
2683 2701 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2684 2702 # Asia/Magadan covers...
2685 2703 # 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
2686 2704
2687 2705 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2688 2706 # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
2689 2707 # several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
2690 2708 # the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
2691 2709 # until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
2692 2710 # need their own zone.
2693 2711
2694 2712 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2695 2713 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
2696 2714 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2697 2715 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2698 2716 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2699 2717 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2700 2718 10:00 - MAGT
2701 2719
2702 2720
2703 2721 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2704 2722 # Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2705 2723 # 14-01 **** Abyysky District
2706 2724 # 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
2707 2725 # 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
2708 2726 # 14-17 **** Momsky District
2709 2727 # 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
2710 2728 # 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District
2711 2729 #
2712 2730 # ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
2713 2731 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
2714 2732
2715 2733 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
2716 2734 # Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
2717 2735 # most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
2718 2736 # 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
2719 2737 # of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
2720 2738 # Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
2721 2739
2722 2740 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2723 2741 # Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
2724 2742 # There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
2725 2743 # Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
2726 2744 #
2727 2745 # Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
2728 2746 # districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
2729 2747 # lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
2730 2748 # each! (Yikes!)
2731 2749 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
2732 2750 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
2733 2751 # Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
2734 2752 #
2735 2753 # Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
2736 2754 # fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
2737 2755 # 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
2738 2756 # recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of
2739 2757 # http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
2740 2758 # in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
2741 2759 # settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
2742 2760 # Go with Srednekolymsk.
2743 2761 #
2744 2762 # Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT
2745 2763 # as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead.
2746 2764
2747 2765 Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
2748 2766 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
2749 2767 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2750 2768 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2751 2769 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2752 2770 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2753 2771 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time
2754 2772
2755 2773
2756 2774 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2757 2775 # Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2758 2776 # 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
2759 2777
2760 2778 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2761 2779 # Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
2762 2780 # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
2763 2781 #
2764 2782 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2765 2783 # It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
2766 2784 # as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
2767 2785 # Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
2768 2786 # UTC+12 since at least then, too.
2769 2787
2770 2788 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2771 2789 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2772 2790 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1
2773 2791 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2774 2792 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2775 2793 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2776 2794 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
2777 2795 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2778 2796 10:00 - VLAT
2779 2797
2780 2798
2781 2799 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2782 2800 # Asia/Kamchatka covers...
2783 2801 # 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
2784 2802 #
2785 2803 # Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
2786 2804 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
2787 2805
2788 2806 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
2789 2807 # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
2790 2808 Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
2791 2809 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
2792 2810 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2793 2811 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2794 2812 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2795 2813 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2796 2814 12:00 - PETT
2797 2815
2798 2816
2799 2817 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2800 2818 # Asia/Anadyr covers...
2801 2819 # 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
2802 2820
2803 2821 Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
2804 2822 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
2805 2823 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
2806 2824 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2807 2825 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2808 2826 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2809 2827 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2810 2828 12:00 - ANAT
2811 2829
2812 2830
2813 2831 # San Marino
2814 2832 # See Europe/Rome.
2815 2833
2816 2834 # Serbia
2817 2835 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2818 2836 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2819 2837 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2820 2838 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2821 2839 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
2822 2840 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2823 2841 # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
2824 2842 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
2825 2843 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
2826 2844 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
2827 2845 1:00 EU CE%sT
2828 2846 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
2829 2847 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
2830 2848 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
2831 2849 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
2832 2850 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
2833 2851
2834 2852 # Slovakia
2835 2853 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
2836 2854
2837 2855 # Slovenia
2838 2856 # See Europe/Belgrade.
2839 2857
2840 2858 # Spain
2841 2859 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2842 2860 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
2843 2861 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2844 2862 Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2845 2863 Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
2846 2864 Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2847 2865 Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2848 2866 # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2849 2867 Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2850 2868 # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2851 2869 Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
2852 2870 Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
2853 2871 # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2854 2872 Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2855 2873 Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
2856 2874 Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
2857 2875 Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
2858 2876 # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
2859 2877 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2860 2878 Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
2861 2879 Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2862 2880 Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
2863 2881 Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2864 2882 Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2865 2883 # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2866 2884 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
2867 2885 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
2868 2886 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
2869 2887 Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
2870 2888 Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
2871 2889 Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
2872 2890 Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2873 2891 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
2874 2892 Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
2875 2893 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
2876 2894 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
2877 2895 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
2878 2896 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2879 2897 Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
2880 2898 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2881 2899 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
2882 2900 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
2883 2901 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2884 2902 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
2885 2903 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2886 2904 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2887 2905 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2888 2906 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2889 2907 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2890 2908 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
2891 2909 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2892 2910 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s
2893 2911 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
2894 2912 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
2895 2913 1:00 EU CE%sT
2896 2914 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
2897 2915 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
2898 2916 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
2899 2917 0:00 - WET 1924
2900 2918 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
2901 2919 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
2902 2920 1:00 - CET 1986
2903 2921 1:00 EU CE%sT
2904 2922 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
2905 2923 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T
2906 2924 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
2907 2925 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
2908 2926 0:00 EU WE%sT
2909 2927 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
2910 2928 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
2911 2929
2912 2930 # Sweden
2913 2931
2914 2932 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
2915 2933 #
2916 2934 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
2917 2935 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
2918 2936 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
2919 2937 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
2920 2938 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
2921 2939 #
2922 2940 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
2923 2941 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
2924 2942 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
2925 2943 #
2926 2944 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
2927 2945 # författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
2928 2946 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
2929 2947 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
2930 2948 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
2931 2949 # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
2932 2950 # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
2933 2951 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
2934 2952 #
2935 2953 # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
2936 2954 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
2937 2955 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
2938 2956 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
2939 2957 #
2940 2958 # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
2941 2959 # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
2942 2960 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
2943 2961 # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
2944 2962 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
2945 2963 # the Sök-button).
2946 2964 #
2947 2965 # (2001-05-13):
2948 2966 #
2949 2967 # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
2950 2968 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
2951 2969 # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
2952 2970 # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
2953 2971 # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
2954 2972 # hour before the event took place.
2955 2973 #
2956 2974 # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
2957 2975
2958 2976 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2959 2977 Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
2960 2978 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
2961 2979 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
2962 2980 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00
2963 2981 1:00 - CET 1980
2964 2982 1:00 EU CE%sT
2965 2983
2966 2984 # Switzerland
2967 2985 # From Howse:
2968 2986 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
2969 2987 # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
2970 2988 # mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
2971 2989 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2972 2990 # From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
2973 2991 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
2974 2992 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
2975 2993 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2976 2994 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
2977 2995 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
2978 2996
2979 2997 # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
2980 2998 # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.
2981 2999 #
2982 3000 # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
2983 3001 # to be wrong. This is now verified.
2984 3002 #
2985 3003 # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
2986 3004 # government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
2987 3005 # federal law collection)...
2988 3006 #
2989 3007 # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
2990 3008 # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
2991 3009 #
2992 3010 # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am
2993 3011 # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am
2994 3012 #
2995 3013 # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
2996 3014 # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law
2997 3015 # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
2998 3016 # other years are made.
2999 3017 #
3000 3018 # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
3001 3019 # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
3002 3020 # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
3003 3021 # a thing had happened in Switzerland.
3004 3022 #
3005 3023 # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de
3006 3024 # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
3007 3025 # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
3008 3026 # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
3009 3027 #
3010 3028 # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
3011 3029 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3012 3030 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3013 3031 #
3014 3032 # The 1940 rules must be deleted.
3015 3033 #
3016 3034 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
3017 3035 # most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
3018 3036 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
3019 3037 # the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
3020 3038 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
3021 3039 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
3022 3040 #
3023 3041 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
3024 3042 # The Federal regulations say
3025 3043 # http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
3026 3044 # ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
3027 3045 # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
3028 3046
3029 3047 # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
3030 3048 # the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893)
3031 3049 # http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353
3032 3050 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
3033 3051 # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
3034 3052 # hour before the beginning of service.
3035 3053
3036 3054 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
3037 3055 # Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
3038 3056 #
3039 3057 # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
3040 3058 # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
3041 3059 #
3042 3060 # Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
3043 3061 # Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
3044 3062 # ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
3045 3063 #
3046 3064 # suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
3047 3065 # agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
3048 3066 # most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
3049 3067 # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
3050 3068 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
3051 3069 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
3052 3070 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
3053 3071 # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
3054 3072 # (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
3055 3073 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
3056 3074 # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
3057 3075
3058 3076 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3059 3077 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3060 3078 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3061 3079 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3062 3080 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
3063 3081 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
3064 3082 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
3065 3083 1:00 EU CE%sT
3066 3084
3067 3085 # Turkey
3068 3086
3069 3087 # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
3070 3088 # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
3071 3089 # ... The latest rules are available at:
3072 3090 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
3073 3091 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
3074 3092 # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
3075 3093 # DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure
3076 3094 # what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
3077 3095 # http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm
3078 3096 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT
3079 3097 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM
3080 3098 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016
3081 3099 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021
3082 3100 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027
3083 3101 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):
3084 3102 # Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.
3085 3103
3086 3104 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
3087 3105 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
3088 3106 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
3089 3107 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
3090 3108 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
3091 3109 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
3092 3110 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
3093 3111 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
3094 3112 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
3095 3113
3096 3114 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
3097 3115 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
3098 3116 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
3099 3117 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
3100 3118 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
3101 3119 # Turkish:
3102 3120 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
3103 3121
3104 3122 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3105 3123 # The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
3106 3124 # Turkish Local election....
3107 3125 # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
3108 3126 # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
3109 3127 # From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
3110 3128 # Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
3111 3129 # I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
3112 3130 # change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
3113 3131 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
3114 3132 # The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
3115 3133 # change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See:
3116 3134 # Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
3117 3135 # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
3118 3136 # I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
3119 3137
3120 3138 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3121 3139 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3122 3140 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3123 3141 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
3124 3142 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
3125 3143 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
3126 3144 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
3127 3145 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3128 3146 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3129 3147 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
3130 3148 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3131 3149 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
3132 3150 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3133 3151 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3134 3152 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
3135 3153 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
3136 3154 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
3137 3155 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
3138 3156 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3139 3157 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
3140 3158 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3141 3159 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
3142 3160 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
3143 3161 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3144 3162 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3145 3163 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3146 3164 Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
3147 3165 Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
3148 3166 Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
3149 3167 Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
3150 3168 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
3151 3169 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3152 3170 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
3153 3171 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3154 3172 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
3155 3173 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3156 3174 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
3157 3175 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
3158 3176 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
3159 3177 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
3160 3178 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
3161 3179 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
3162 3180 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
3163 3181 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
3164 3182 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3165 3183 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3166 3184 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
3167 3185 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
3168 3186 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
3169 3187 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
3170 3188 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
3171 3189 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
3172 3190 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
3173 3191 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3174 3192 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
3175 3193 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
3176 3194 Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3177 3195 Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3178 3196 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3179 3197 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3180 3198 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
3181 3199 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
3182 3200 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
3183 3201 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
3184 3202 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
3185 3203 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
3186 3204 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
3187 3205 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
3188 3206 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
3189 3207 2:00 EU EE%sT
3190 3208 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
3191 3209
3192 3210 # Ukraine
3193 3211 #
3194 3212 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
3195 3213 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
3196 3214 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government
3197 3215 # regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
3198 3216 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
3199 3217 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
3200 3218 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
3201 3219
3202 3220 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
3203 3221 # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
3204 3222 # abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
3205 3223 #
3206 3224 # Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
3207 3225 # approval from 266 deputies.
3208 3226 #
3209 3227 # Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
3210 3228 # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
3211 3229 #
3212 3230 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
3213 3231 # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
3214 3232 #
3215 3233 # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
3216 3234 # http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
3217 3235 #
3218 3236 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
3219 3237 # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
3220 3238 # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
3221 3239 # time this year after all.
3222 3240 #
3223 3241 # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
3224 3242 # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone
3225 3243 # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
3226 3244 # to Russia) was reverted today:
3227 3245 # http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
3228 3246 #
3229 3247 # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
3230 3248 # The law documents themselves are at
3231 3249 # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
3232 3250
3233 3251 # From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
3234 3252 # First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST:
3235 3253 # 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST
3236 3254 # 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3237 3255 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134.
3238 3256 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html
3239 3257 #
3240 3258 # They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law,
3241 3259 # "summer time" was still in action):
3242 3260 # 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3243 3261 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
3244 3262 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html
3245 3263 #
3246 3264 # Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action):
3247 3265 # 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3248 3266 #
3249 3267 # DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended):
3250 3268 # 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST
3251 3269 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
3252 3270 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
3253 3271 # This is an answer.
3254 3272 #
3255 3273 # Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure:
3256 3274 # 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started
3257 3275 # 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended
3258 3276 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
3259 3277 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
3260 3278
3261 3279 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3262 3280 # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
3263 3281 # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3264 3282 # "Kiev" is more common in English.
3265 3283 Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
3266 3284 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
3267 3285 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3268 3286 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
3269 3287 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
3270 3288 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3271 3289 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
3272 3290 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3273 3291 2:00 EU EE%sT
3274 3292 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
3275 3293 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
3276 3294 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
3277 3295 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
3278 3296 1:00 - CET 1940
3279 3297 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
3280 3298 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
3281 3299 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
3282 3300 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
3283 3301 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3284 3302 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
3285 3303 2:00 - EET 1992
3286 3304 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3287 3305 2:00 EU EE%sT
3288 3306 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
3289 3307 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3290 3308 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
3291 3309 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
3292 3310 # portable Posix file names.
3293 3311 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
3294 3312 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
3295 3313 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3296 3314 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
3297 3315 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
3298 3316 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3299 3317 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3300 3318 2:00 EU EE%sT
3301 3319
3302 3320 # Vatican City
3303 3321 # See Europe/Rome.
3304 3322
3305 3323 ###############################################################################
3306 3324
3307 3325 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
3308 3326 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
3309 3327 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
3310 3328 #
3311 3329 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
3312 3330 # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
3313 3331 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
3314 3332 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
3315 3333 # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
3316 3334 # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
3317 3335
3318 3336 # ...
3319 3337 # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
3320 3338 # From: Tom Hofmann
3321 3339 # ...
3322 3340 #
3323 3341 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
3324 3342 # most European countries started DST. Before that year, only
3325 3343 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
3326 3344 # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
3327 3345 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
3328 3346 # years...
3329 3347 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
3330 3348 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
3331 3349 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
3332 3350 # lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
3333 3351 #
3334 3352 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
3335 3353 # Soviet Union (as far as I know).
3336 3354 #
3337 3355 # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
3338 3356 # 4002 Basle, Switzerland
3339 3357 # ...
3340 3358
3341 3359 # ...
3342 3360 # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
3343 3361 # From: Dik T. Winter
3344 3362 # ...
3345 3363 #
3346 3364 # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
3347 3365 # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
3348 3366 # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
3349 3367 #
3350 3368 # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
3351 3369 # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
3352 3370 # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
3353 3371 # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
3354 3372 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
3355 3373 # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
3356 3374 # dates...
3357 3375 #
3358 3376 # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
3359 3377 # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
3360 3378 # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
3361 3379 # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
3362 3380 # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
3363 3381 # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
3364 3382 # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
3365 3383 # in advance of normal time.
3366 3384 #
3367 3385 # ...
3368 3386 # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
3369 3387 # ...
3370 3388
3371 3389 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
3372 3390 # ...
3373 3391 # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
3374 3392 # Since 1978. Change at midnight.
3375 3393 # ...
3376 3394 # Monaco: has same DST as France.
3377 3395 # ...
|
↓ open down ↓ |
863 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX