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5722 Update timezone info db to 2015a
   1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
   2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
   3 
   4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
   5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
   6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
   7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
   8 
   9 # From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31):
  10 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is

  11 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
  12 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).

  13 #
  14 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
  15 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
  16 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
  17 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
  18 # of the IATA's data after 1990.

  19 #
  20 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  21 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  22 #
  23 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
  24 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
  25 #
  26 # Other sources occasionally used include:
  27 #
  28 #       Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
  29 #       Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
  30 #       which I found in the UCLA library.
  31 #
  32 #       William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
  33 #       <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
  34 #       [PDF] (1914-03)
  35 #
  36 #       Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
  37 #       <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.  He writes:
  38 #       "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables


  51 #
  52 #       Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
  53 #       History of Summer Time
  54 #       <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
  55 #       (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
  56 
  57 #
  58 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
  59 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
  60 # Corrections are welcome!
  61 #                   std dst  2dst
  62 #                   LMT           Local Mean Time
  63 #       -4:00       AST ADT       Atlantic
  64 #       -3:00       WGT WGST      Western Greenland*
  65 #       -1:00       EGT EGST      Eastern Greenland*
  66 #        0:00       GMT BST  BDST Greenwich, British Summer
  67 #        0:00       GMT IST       Greenwich, Irish Summer
  68 #        0:00       WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
  69 #        0:19:32.13 AMT NST       Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
  70 #        0:20       NET NEST      Netherlands (1937-1940)*

  71 #        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
  72 #        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
  73 #        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
  74 #        3:00       FET           Further-eastern Europe*
  75 #        3:00       MSK MSD  MSM* Moscow
  76 
  77 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
  78 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
  79 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
  80 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
  81 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
  82 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
  83 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
  84 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
  85 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
  86 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
  87 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
  88 # ...
  89 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
  90 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
  91 # ...
  92 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
  93 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
  94 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the


 269 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
 270 #     * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
 271 #       to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
 272 #       conform with Great Britain.
 273 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
 274 #
 275 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
 276 # we'll ignore it for now.
 277 #     * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
 278 #
 279 #
 280 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
 281 # Shanks & Pottenger.
 282 # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
 283 # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
 284 # to London.  For example:
 285 #
 286 #   "Timeball on the ballast office is down.  Dunsink time."
 287 #   -- James Joyce, Ulysses
 288 








 289 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
 290 # Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
 291 # These include various relating to legal time, for example:
 292 #
 293 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
 294 #
 295 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
 296 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
 297 #
 298 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
 299 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
 300 # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
 301 #
 302 # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
 303 # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
 304 # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
 305 #
 306 # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
 307 # <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
 308 #


 576 Rule    Russia  1919    only    -       May     31      23:00   2:00    MDST
 577 Rule    Russia  1919    only    -       Jul      1       2:00   1:00    MSD
 578 Rule    Russia  1919    only    -       Aug     16       0:00   0       MSK
 579 Rule    Russia  1921    only    -       Feb     14      23:00   1:00    MSD
 580 Rule    Russia  1921    only    -       Mar     20      23:00   2:00    MSM  # Midsummer
 581 Rule    Russia  1921    only    -       Sep      1       0:00   1:00    MSD
 582 Rule    Russia  1921    only    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
 583 # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
 584 Rule    Russia  1981    1984    -       Apr      1       0:00   1:00    S
 585 Rule    Russia  1981    1983    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
 586 # Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
 587 # Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
 588 Rule    Russia  1984    1991    -       Sep     lastSun  2:00s  0       -
 589 Rule    Russia  1985    1991    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00s  1:00    S
 590 #
 591 Rule    Russia  1992    only    -       Mar     lastSat  23:00  1:00    S
 592 Rule    Russia  1992    only    -       Sep     lastSat  23:00  0       -
 593 Rule    Russia  1993    2010    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00s  1:00    S
 594 Rule    Russia  1993    1995    -       Sep     lastSun  2:00s  0       -
 595 Rule    Russia  1996    2010    -       Oct     lastSun  2:00s  0       -

 596 
 597 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
 598 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
 599 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
 600 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
 601 #
 602 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
 603 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
 604 #
 605 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
 606 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
 607 
 608 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
 609 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
 610 # to be standard.
 611 
 612 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
 613 
 614 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 615 Zone    WET             0:00    EU      WE%sT


 706 Rule    Austria 1980    only    -       Sep     28      0:00    0       -
 707 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 708 Zone    Europe/Vienna   1:05:21 -       LMT     1893 Apr
 709                         1:00    C-Eur   CE%sT   1920
 710                         1:00    Austria CE%sT   1940 Apr  1  2:00s
 711                         1:00    C-Eur   CE%sT   1945 Apr  2  2:00s
 712                         1:00    1:00    CEST    1945 Apr 12  2:00s
 713                         1:00    -       CET     1946
 714                         1:00    Austria CE%sT   1981
 715                         1:00    EU      CE%sT
 716 
 717 # Belarus
 718 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
 719 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
 720 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
 721 #
 722 # Sources (Russian language):
 723 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
 724 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
 725 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html







 726 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 727 Zone    Europe/Minsk    1:50:16 -       LMT     1880
 728                         1:50    -       MMT     1924 May  2 # Minsk Mean Time
 729                         2:00    -       EET     1930 Jun 21
 730                         3:00    -       MSK     1941 Jun 28
 731                         1:00    C-Eur   CE%sT   1944 Jul  3
 732                         3:00    Russia  MSK/MSD 1990
 733                         3:00    -       MSK     1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 734                         2:00    1:00    EEST    1991 Sep 29  2:00s
 735                         2:00    -       EET     1992 Mar 29  0:00s
 736                         2:00    1:00    EEST    1992 Sep 27  0:00s
 737                         2:00    Russia  EE%sT   2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 738                         3:00    -       FET

 739 
 740 # Belgium
 741 #
 742 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
 743 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
 744 #       Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
 745 #       Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
 746 #       (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
 747 #       pp 8-9.
 748 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
 749 #       Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
 750 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
 751 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
 752 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
 753 #
 754 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 755 Rule    Belgium 1918    only    -       Mar      9       0:00s  1:00    S
 756 Rule    Belgium 1918    1919    -       Oct     Sat>=1       23:00s  0       -
 757 Rule    Belgium 1919    only    -       Mar      1      23:00s  1:00    S
 758 Rule    Belgium 1920    only    -       Feb     14      23:00s  1:00    S


1369 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1370 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1371 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
1372 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1373 #
1374 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1375 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1376 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland.  The first day of winter is always
1377 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1378 #
1379 # (1993-12-10):
1380 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1381 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1382 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1383 #       the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1384 #       (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1385 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1386 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
1387 # might mean something else (???).
1388 #
1389 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1390 # The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points.
1391 # We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely
1392 # that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
1393 #
1394 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1395 Rule    Iceland 1917    1918    -       Feb     19      23:00   1:00    S
1396 Rule    Iceland 1917    only    -       Oct     21       1:00   0       -
1397 Rule    Iceland 1918    only    -       Nov     16       1:00   0       -


1398 Rule    Iceland 1939    only    -       Apr     29      23:00   1:00    S
1399 Rule    Iceland 1939    only    -       Nov     29       2:00   0       -
1400 Rule    Iceland 1940    only    -       Feb     25       2:00   1:00    S
1401 Rule    Iceland 1940    only    -       Nov      3       2:00   0       -
1402 Rule    Iceland 1941    only    -       Mar      2       1:00s  1:00    S
1403 Rule    Iceland 1941    only    -       Nov      2       1:00s  0       -
1404 Rule    Iceland 1942    only    -       Mar      8       1:00s  1:00    S
1405 Rule    Iceland 1942    only    -       Oct     25       1:00s  0       -
1406 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1407 Rule    Iceland 1943    1946    -       Mar     Sun>=1        1:00s  1:00    S
1408 Rule    Iceland 1943    1948    -       Oct     Sun>=22       1:00s  0       -
1409 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1410 Rule    Iceland 1947    1967    -       Apr     Sun>=1        1:00s  1:00    S
1411 # 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
1412 Rule    Iceland 1949    only    -       Oct     30       1:00s  0       -
1413 Rule    Iceland 1950    1966    -       Oct     Sun>=22       1:00s  0       -
1414 Rule    Iceland 1967    only    -       Oct     29       1:00s  0       -
1415 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1416 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 -      LMT     1837
1417                         -1:27:48 -      RMT     1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
1418                         -1:00   Iceland IS%sT   1968 Apr  7  1:00s
1419                          0:00   -       GMT
1420 
1421 # Italy
1422 #
1423 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1424 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1425 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1426 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1427 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1428 # so record only the time in Rome.
1429 #
1430 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1431 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
1432 # F. Pollastri
1433 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
1434 # http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html
1435 # ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1436 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1437 #


2484 # This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September
2485 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
2486 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
2487 #
2488 # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
2489 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
2490 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
2491 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
2492 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
2493 #
2494 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
2495 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
2496 #
2497 # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
2498 # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
2499 
2500 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2501 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
2502 # realigning itself with KRAT.
2503 
2504 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk   5:48:48 -      NMT     1920 Jan  6
2505                          6:00   -       KRAT    1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
2506                          7:00   Russia  KRA%sT  1991 Mar 31  2:00s
2507                          6:00   Russia  KRA%sT  1992 Jan 19  2:00s
2508                          7:00   Russia  KRA%sT  2010 Mar 28  2:00s
2509                          6:00   Russia  NOV%sT  2011 Mar 27  2:00s # Novosibirsk
2510                          7:00   -       NOVT    2014 Oct 26  2:00s
2511                          7:00   -       KRAT    # Krasnoyarsk Time
2512 
2513 
2514 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2515 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
2516 # 17    RU-TY   Tuva Republic
2517 # 19    RU-KK   Khakassia, Republic of
2518 # 24    RU-KYA  Krasnoyarsk Krai
2519 #
2520 # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
2521 # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
2522 
2523 # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
2524 


   1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
   2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
   3 
   4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
   5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
   6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
   7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
   8 
   9 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
  10 #
  11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
  12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
  13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
  14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
  15 #
  16 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
  17 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
  18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
  19 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
  20 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
  21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
  22 #
  23 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  24 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  25 #
  26 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
  27 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
  28 #
  29 # Other sources occasionally used include:
  30 #
  31 #       Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
  32 #       Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
  33 #       which I found in the UCLA library.
  34 #
  35 #       William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
  36 #       <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
  37 #       [PDF] (1914-03)
  38 #
  39 #       Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
  40 #       <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.  He writes:
  41 #       "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables


  54 #
  55 #       Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
  56 #       History of Summer Time
  57 #       <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
  58 #       (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
  59 
  60 #
  61 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
  62 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
  63 # Corrections are welcome!
  64 #                   std dst  2dst
  65 #                   LMT           Local Mean Time
  66 #       -4:00       AST ADT       Atlantic
  67 #       -3:00       WGT WGST      Western Greenland*
  68 #       -1:00       EGT EGST      Eastern Greenland*
  69 #        0:00       GMT BST  BDST Greenwich, British Summer
  70 #        0:00       GMT IST       Greenwich, Irish Summer
  71 #        0:00       WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
  72 #        0:19:32.13 AMT NST       Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
  73 #        0:20       NET NEST      Netherlands (1937-1940)*
  74 #        1:00       BST           British Standard (1968-1971)
  75 #        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
  76 #        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
  77 #        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
  78 #        3:00       FET           Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)*
  79 #        3:00       MSK MSD  MSM* Moscow
  80 
  81 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
  82 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
  83 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
  84 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
  85 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
  86 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
  87 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
  88 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
  89 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
  90 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
  91 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
  92 # ...
  93 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
  94 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
  95 # ...
  96 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
  97 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
  98 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the


 273 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
 274 #     * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
 275 #       to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
 276 #       conform with Great Britain.
 277 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
 278 #
 279 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
 280 # we'll ignore it for now.
 281 #     * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
 282 #
 283 #
 284 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
 285 # Shanks & Pottenger.
 286 # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
 287 # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
 288 # to London.  For example:
 289 #
 290 #   "Timeball on the ballast office is down.  Dunsink time."
 291 #   -- James Joyce, Ulysses
 292 
 293 # "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
 294 # was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
 295 # would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'.  She claimed
 296 # Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
 297 # -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
 298 # Irish Times 2014-10-27.
 299 # http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
 300 
 301 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
 302 # Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
 303 # These include various relating to legal time, for example:
 304 #
 305 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
 306 #
 307 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
 308 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
 309 #
 310 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
 311 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
 312 # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
 313 #
 314 # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
 315 # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
 316 # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
 317 #
 318 # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
 319 # <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
 320 #


 588 Rule    Russia  1919    only    -       May     31      23:00   2:00    MDST
 589 Rule    Russia  1919    only    -       Jul      1       2:00   1:00    MSD
 590 Rule    Russia  1919    only    -       Aug     16       0:00   0       MSK
 591 Rule    Russia  1921    only    -       Feb     14      23:00   1:00    MSD
 592 Rule    Russia  1921    only    -       Mar     20      23:00   2:00    MSM  # Midsummer
 593 Rule    Russia  1921    only    -       Sep      1       0:00   1:00    MSD
 594 Rule    Russia  1921    only    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
 595 # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
 596 Rule    Russia  1981    1984    -       Apr      1       0:00   1:00    S
 597 Rule    Russia  1981    1983    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
 598 # Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
 599 # Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
 600 Rule    Russia  1984    1991    -       Sep     lastSun  2:00s  0       -
 601 Rule    Russia  1985    1991    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00s  1:00    S
 602 #
 603 Rule    Russia  1992    only    -       Mar     lastSat  23:00  1:00    S
 604 Rule    Russia  1992    only    -       Sep     lastSat  23:00  0       -
 605 Rule    Russia  1993    2010    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00s  1:00    S
 606 Rule    Russia  1993    1995    -       Sep     lastSun  2:00s  0       -
 607 Rule    Russia  1996    2010    -       Oct     lastSun  2:00s  0       -
 608 # As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
 609 
 610 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
 611 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
 612 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
 613 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
 614 #
 615 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
 616 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
 617 #
 618 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
 619 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
 620 
 621 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
 622 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
 623 # to be standard.
 624 
 625 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
 626 
 627 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 628 Zone    WET             0:00    EU      WE%sT


 719 Rule    Austria 1980    only    -       Sep     28      0:00    0       -
 720 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 721 Zone    Europe/Vienna   1:05:21 -       LMT     1893 Apr
 722                         1:00    C-Eur   CE%sT   1920
 723                         1:00    Austria CE%sT   1940 Apr  1  2:00s
 724                         1:00    C-Eur   CE%sT   1945 Apr  2  2:00s
 725                         1:00    1:00    CEST    1945 Apr 12  2:00s
 726                         1:00    -       CET     1946
 727                         1:00    Austria CE%sT   1981
 728                         1:00    EU      CE%sT
 729 
 730 # Belarus
 731 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
 732 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
 733 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
 734 #
 735 # Sources (Russian language):
 736 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
 737 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
 738 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
 739 #
 740 # From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
 741 # Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
 742 # http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
 743 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-08):
 744 # Hence Belarus can share time zone abbreviations with Moscow again.
 745 #
 746 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 747 Zone    Europe/Minsk    1:50:16 -       LMT     1880
 748                         1:50    -       MMT     1924 May  2 # Minsk Mean Time
 749                         2:00    -       EET     1930 Jun 21
 750                         3:00    -       MSK     1941 Jun 28
 751                         1:00    C-Eur   CE%sT   1944 Jul  3
 752                         3:00    Russia  MSK/MSD 1990
 753                         3:00    -       MSK     1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 754                         2:00    1:00    EEST    1991 Sep 29  2:00s
 755                         2:00    -       EET     1992 Mar 29  0:00s
 756                         2:00    1:00    EEST    1992 Sep 27  0:00s
 757                         2:00    Russia  EE%sT   2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 758                         3:00    -       FET     2014 Oct 26  1:00s
 759                         3:00    -       MSK
 760 
 761 # Belgium
 762 #
 763 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
 764 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
 765 #       Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
 766 #       Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
 767 #       (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
 768 #       pp 8-9.
 769 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
 770 #       Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
 771 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
 772 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
 773 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
 774 #
 775 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 776 Rule    Belgium 1918    only    -       Mar      9       0:00s  1:00    S
 777 Rule    Belgium 1918    1919    -       Oct     Sat>=1       23:00s  0       -
 778 Rule    Belgium 1919    only    -       Mar      1      23:00s  1:00    S
 779 Rule    Belgium 1920    only    -       Feb     14      23:00s  1:00    S


1390 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1391 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1392 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
1393 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1394 #
1395 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1396 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1397 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland.  The first day of winter is always
1398 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1399 #
1400 # (1993-12-10):
1401 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1402 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1403 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1404 #       the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1405 #       (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1406 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1407 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
1408 # might mean something else (???).
1409 #
1410 # From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22):
1411 # The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
1412 # http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html

1413 #
1414 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1415 Rule    Iceland 1917    1919    -       Feb     19      23:00   1:00    S
1416 Rule    Iceland 1917    only    -       Oct     21       1:00   0       -
1417 Rule    Iceland 1918    1919    -       Nov     16       1:00   0       -
1418 Rule    Iceland 1921    only    -       Mar     19      23:00   1:00    S
1419 Rule    Iceland 1921    only    -       Jun     23       1:00   0       -
1420 Rule    Iceland 1939    only    -       Apr     29      23:00   1:00    S
1421 Rule    Iceland 1939    only    -       Oct     29       2:00   0       -
1422 Rule    Iceland 1940    only    -       Feb     25       2:00   1:00    S
1423 Rule    Iceland 1940    1941    -       Nov     Sun>=2        1:00s  0       -
1424 Rule    Iceland 1941    1942    -       Mar     Sun>=2        1:00s  1:00    S



1425 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1426 Rule    Iceland 1943    1946    -       Mar     Sun>=1        1:00s  1:00    S
1427 Rule    Iceland 1942    1948    -       Oct     Sun>=22       1:00s  0       -
1428 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1429 Rule    Iceland 1947    1967    -       Apr     Sun>=1        1:00s  1:00    S
1430 # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
1431 Rule    Iceland 1949    only    -       Oct     30       1:00s  0       -
1432 Rule    Iceland 1950    1966    -       Oct     Sun>=22       1:00s  0       -
1433 Rule    Iceland 1967    only    -       Oct     29       1:00s  0       -
1434 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1435 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28   -       LMT     1908

1436                         -1:00   Iceland IS%sT   1968 Apr  7  1:00s
1437                          0:00   -       GMT
1438 
1439 # Italy
1440 #
1441 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1442 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1443 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1444 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1445 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1446 # so record only the time in Rome.
1447 #
1448 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1449 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
1450 # F. Pollastri
1451 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
1452 # http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html
1453 # ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1454 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1455 #


2502 # This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September
2503 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
2504 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
2505 #
2506 # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
2507 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
2508 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
2509 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
2510 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
2511 #
2512 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
2513 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
2514 #
2515 # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
2516 # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
2517 
2518 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2519 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
2520 # realigning itself with KRAT.
2521 
2522 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk   5:48:48 -      LMT     1924 May  1
2523                          6:00   -       KRAT    1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
2524                          7:00   Russia  KRA%sT  1991 Mar 31  2:00s
2525                          6:00   Russia  KRA%sT  1992 Jan 19  2:00s
2526                          7:00   Russia  KRA%sT  2010 Mar 28  2:00s
2527                          6:00   Russia  NOV%sT  2011 Mar 27  2:00s # Novosibirsk
2528                          7:00   -       NOVT    2014 Oct 26  2:00s
2529                          7:00   -       KRAT    # Krasnoyarsk Time
2530 
2531 
2532 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2533 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
2534 # 17    RU-TY   Tuva Republic
2535 # 19    RU-KK   Khakassia, Republic of
2536 # 24    RU-KYA  Krasnoyarsk Krai
2537 #
2538 # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
2539 # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
2540 
2541 # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
2542