1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 5 6 # Notes are at the end of this file 7 8 ############################################################################### 9 10 # Australia 11 12 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 13 14 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 16 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 17 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 18 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 19 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 20 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 21 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 22 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 23 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 24 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 25 26 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27 # Northern Territory 28 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 30 9:30 Aus AC%sT 31 # Western Australia 32 # 33 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 35 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 36 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 39 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 41 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 42 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 43 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 45 8:00 AW AW%sT 46 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul 48 8:45 AW ACW%sT 49 50 # Queensland 51 # 52 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 53 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 54 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 55 # Queensland ceased to. 56 # 57 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 58 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 59 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 60 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 61 # so use Lindeman. 62 # 63 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 65 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 66 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 67 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 68 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 69 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 70 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 71 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 72 10:00 AQ AE%sT 73 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 74 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 75 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 76 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 77 78 # South Australia 79 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 80 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 81 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 82 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 83 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 84 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 85 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 86 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 87 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 88 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 89 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 90 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 91 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 92 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 93 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 94 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 95 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 96 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 97 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 98 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 99 9:30 AS AC%sT 100 101 # Tasmania 102 # 103 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 104 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 105 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 106 # 107 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 108 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 109 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 110 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 111 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 112 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 113 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 114 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 115 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 116 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 117 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 118 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 119 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 120 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 121 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 122 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 123 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 124 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 126 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 127 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 128 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 129 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 130 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 131 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 132 10:00 AT AE%sT 133 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 134 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 135 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 136 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 137 10:00 AT AE%sT 138 139 # Victoria 140 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 141 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 142 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 143 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 144 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 145 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 146 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 147 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 148 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 149 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 150 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 151 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 152 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 153 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 154 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 155 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 156 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 157 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 158 10:00 AV AE%sT 159 160 # New South Wales 161 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 162 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 163 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 164 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 165 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 166 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 167 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 168 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 169 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 170 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 171 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 172 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 174 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 176 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 177 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 178 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 179 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 180 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 181 10:00 AN AE%sT 182 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 183 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 184 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 185 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 186 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 187 9:30 AS AC%sT 188 189 # Lord Howe Island 190 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 191 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 192 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 193 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 194 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 195 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 196 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 197 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 198 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 199 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 200 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 201 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 202 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 203 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 204 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 205 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 206 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 207 10:30 LH LH%sT 208 209 # Australian miscellany 210 # 211 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 212 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 213 # no times are set 214 # 215 # Coral Sea Is 216 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 217 # no times are set 218 # 219 # Macquarie 220 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 221 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 222 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 223 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 224 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 225 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 226 # 227 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 228 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 229 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 230 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 231 # on 4 April. 232 # 233 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 234 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 235 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 236 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 237 # pre-2013 versions of localtime. 238 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 239 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 240 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 241 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 242 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 243 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 244 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 245 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 246 247 # Christmas 248 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 249 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 250 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 251 252 # Cocos (Keeling) Is 253 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 254 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 255 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 257 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 258 259 260 # Fiji 261 262 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 263 264 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 265 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 266 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 267 # 268 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" 269 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 270 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 271 272 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 273 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 274 # amendments: 275 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 276 277 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 278 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 279 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 280 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 281 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 282 # 283 # Official source: 284 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 285 # 286 # A bit more background info here: 287 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 288 289 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 290 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 291 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 292 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 293 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 294 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 295 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 296 297 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 298 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 299 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 300 # 301 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 302 # which says 303 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 304 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 305 # 2am on February 26 next year. 306 307 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 308 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 309 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 310 # 311 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 312 # states: 313 # 314 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 315 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 316 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 317 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. 318 319 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 320 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 321 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 322 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 323 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 324 325 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 326 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 327 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 328 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 329 330 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 331 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 332 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 333 334 # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 335 # DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 336 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 337 338 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-20): 339 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 340 # 03:00 the first Sunday on or after January 18. Although ad hoc, it 341 # matches this year's plan and seems more likely to match future 342 # practice than guessing no DST. 343 344 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 345 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 346 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 347 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 348 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 349 Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 350 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 351 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 352 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 353 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 354 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 355 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 356 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 357 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 358 359 # French Polynesia 360 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 361 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 362 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 363 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 364 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 365 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 366 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 367 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 368 # it is uninhabited. 369 370 # Guam 371 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 372 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 373 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 374 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 375 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 376 377 # Kiribati 378 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 379 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 380 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 381 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 382 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 383 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 384 13:00 - PHOT 385 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 386 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 387 -10:00 - LINT 1995 388 14:00 - LINT 389 390 # N Mariana Is 391 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 392 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 393 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 394 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 395 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 396 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 397 398 # Marshall Is 399 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 400 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 401 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 402 12:00 - MHT 403 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 404 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 405 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 406 12:00 - MHT 407 408 # Micronesia 409 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 410 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 411 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 412 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 413 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 414 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 415 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 416 12:00 - KOST 1999 417 11:00 - KOST 418 419 # Nauru 420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 421 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 422 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 423 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 424 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 425 12:00 - NRT 426 427 # New Caledonia 428 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 429 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 430 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 431 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 432 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 433 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 434 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 435 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 436 11:00 NC NC%sT 437 438 439 ############################################################################### 440 441 # New Zealand 442 443 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 444 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 445 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 446 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 447 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 448 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 449 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 450 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 451 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 452 # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 453 # so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 454 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 455 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 456 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 457 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 458 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 459 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 460 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 461 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 462 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 463 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 464 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 465 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 466 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 467 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 468 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 469 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 470 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 471 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 472 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 473 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 474 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 475 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 476 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 477 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1 478 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 479 480 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 481 482 # Auckland Is 483 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 484 # and scientific personnel have wintered 485 486 # Campbell I 487 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 488 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 489 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 490 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 491 492 # Cook Is 493 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 494 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 495 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 496 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 497 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 498 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 499 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 500 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 501 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 502 503 ############################################################################### 504 505 506 # Niue 507 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 508 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 509 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 510 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 511 -11:00 - NUT 512 513 # Norfolk 514 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 515 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 516 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 517 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 518 519 # Palau (Belau) 520 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 521 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 522 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 523 524 # Papua New Guinea 525 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 526 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 527 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 528 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 529 # 530 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 531 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 532 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 533 # 534 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates 535 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 536 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 537 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 538 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 539 # http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 540 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 541 # 542 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11 543 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time"; 544 # abbreviate this as BST. See: 545 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 546 # 547 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 548 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 549 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul 550 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21 551 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00 552 11:00 - BST 553 554 # Pitcairn 555 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 556 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 557 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00 558 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 559 560 # American Samoa 561 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 562 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 563 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 564 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 565 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 566 567 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 568 569 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 570 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 571 # the following info: 572 # 573 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 574 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 575 # Sunday of April 2011." 576 # 577 # Background info: 578 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 579 # 580 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 581 # contain any dates: 582 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 583 584 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 585 # Please see 586 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws 587 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 588 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 589 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 590 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 591 592 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 593 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 594 # 595 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 596 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 597 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 598 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 599 600 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 601 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 602 # 603 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 604 605 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 606 # The International Date Line Act 2011 607 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 608 # changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 609 # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 610 # accordingly. 611 612 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 613 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 614 # 615 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 616 # 617 # DST 618 # Year End Time Start Time 619 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 620 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 621 # 622 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 623 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 624 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 625 # 626 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 627 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 628 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 629 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 630 # 631 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 632 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 633 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 634 635 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 636 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 637 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 638 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 639 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 640 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 641 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 642 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 643 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 644 -11:30 - WSST 1950 645 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa 646 13:00 WS WS%sT 647 648 # Solomon Is 649 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 650 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 651 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 652 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 653 654 # Tokelau Is 655 # 656 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 657 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 658 # December 31 this year ... 659 # 660 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 661 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 662 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 663 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 664 # actually was to UTC-11 back then. 665 # 666 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 667 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 668 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 669 # <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 670 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 671 # are off by an hour starting in 1901. 672 673 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 674 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 675 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 676 13:00 - TKT 677 678 # Tonga 679 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 680 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 681 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 682 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 683 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 684 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 685 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 686 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 687 13:00 - TOT 1999 688 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 689 690 # Tuvalu 691 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 692 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 693 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 694 695 696 # US minor outlying islands 697 698 # Howland, Baker 699 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 700 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 701 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 702 # uninhabited thereafter. 703 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; 704 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 705 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 706 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 707 # until they were abandoned after the war. 708 709 # Jarvis 710 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 711 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 712 # uninhabited thereafter. 713 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 714 715 # Johnston 716 # 717 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): 718 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 719 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 720 # treat it like Hawaii for now. 721 # 722 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 723 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 724 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 725 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 726 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 727 # 728 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 729 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 730 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 731 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 732 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 733 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 734 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 735 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 736 # http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 737 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 738 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 739 # Minus One Hour". 740 # 741 # See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 742 743 # Kingman 744 # uninhabited 745 746 # Midway 747 # 748 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 749 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 750 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 751 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly 752 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 753 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 754 # designations that I've never seen before:.... 755 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 756 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 757 # 758 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 759 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 760 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 761 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 762 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 763 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 764 765 # Palmyra 766 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 767 768 # Wake 769 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 770 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 771 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 772 773 774 # Vanuatu 775 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 776 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 777 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 778 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 779 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 780 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 781 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 782 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 783 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 784 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 785 786 # Wallis and Futuna 787 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 788 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 789 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 790 791 ############################################################################### 792 793 # NOTES 794 795 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 796 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 797 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 798 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 799 800 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 801 # 802 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 803 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 804 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 805 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 806 # 807 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 808 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 809 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 810 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 811 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 812 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 813 # 814 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 815 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 816 # I found in the UCLA library. 817 # 818 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 819 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 820 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 821 # 822 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 823 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 824 # 825 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 826 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 827 # Corrections are welcome! 828 # std dst 829 # LMT Local Mean Time 830 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 831 # 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia* 832 # 9:00 JST Japan 833 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 834 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 835 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 836 # 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe* 837 # 11:00 BST Bougainville* 838 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 839 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 840 # 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945* 841 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present* 842 # 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present* 843 # -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950* 844 # -11:00 SST Samoa 845 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 846 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 847 # 848 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 849 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 850 851 ############################################################################### 852 853 # Australia 854 855 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 856 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 857 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 858 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 859 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 860 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 861 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 862 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 863 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 864 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 865 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 866 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 867 868 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 869 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 870 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 871 # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 872 873 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 874 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 875 # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 876 # covers New South Wales in particular. 877 878 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 879 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 880 # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 881 # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 882 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 883 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 884 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 885 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 886 # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 887 # time'. 888 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 889 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 890 # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 891 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 892 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 893 # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 894 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 895 896 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 897 # 898 # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 899 # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 900 # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 901 # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 902 # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 903 # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 904 # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 905 # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 906 # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 907 # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 908 # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 909 # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 910 # 911 # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 912 # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 913 # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 914 # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 915 # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 916 # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 917 # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 918 # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 919 # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 920 # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 921 # 922 # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 923 # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 924 # 925 # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 926 # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 927 # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 928 # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 929 # 930 # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 931 # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 932 # 933 # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 934 # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 935 # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 936 # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 937 # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 938 # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 939 # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 940 # 941 # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 942 # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 943 # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 944 # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 945 # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 946 # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 947 # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 948 # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 949 # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 950 # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 951 # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 952 # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 953 # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 954 # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 955 # 956 # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 957 # 958 # The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 959 # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 960 # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 961 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 962 # 963 # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 964 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 965 # EST CST WST EDT CDT 966 # 967 # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 968 # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 969 # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 970 # 971 # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 972 # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 973 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 974 # 975 # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 976 # http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 977 # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 978 # 979 # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 980 # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 981 # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 982 # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 983 # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 984 # appear in reports of events with international implications. 985 # 986 # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 987 # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 988 # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 989 # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 990 # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 991 # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 992 # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 993 # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 994 # "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 995 996 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 997 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 998 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 999 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1000 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1001 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1002 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1003 1004 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1005 # 1006 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1007 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1008 # relevant entries in this database. 1009 # 1010 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1011 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1012 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1013 # ACT 1014 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1015 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1016 # SA 1017 # Standard Time Act, 1898 1018 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1019 1020 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1021 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1022 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1023 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1024 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1025 # 1026 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1027 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1028 # to extend DST together in 2006. 1029 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1030 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1031 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1032 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1033 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1034 # allude to it. 1035 # But not Queensland 1036 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1037 1038 # Northern Territory 1039 1040 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1041 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1042 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1043 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1044 # ... 1045 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1046 1047 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1048 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1049 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1050 1051 # Western Australia 1052 1053 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1054 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1055 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1056 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1057 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1058 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1059 # # before reaching parliament. 1060 # ... 1061 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1062 # ... 1063 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1064 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1065 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1066 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1067 1068 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1069 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1070 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1071 1072 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1073 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1074 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1075 # work at 9.00am.) 1076 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1077 # everybody again. 1078 1079 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1080 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1081 # it matches what was used in the past. 1082 1083 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1084 # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1085 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1086 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1087 1088 # Queensland 1089 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1090 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1091 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1092 # ... 1093 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1094 # ... 1095 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1096 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1097 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1098 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1099 1100 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1101 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1102 # October 1989). 1103 1104 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1105 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1106 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1107 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1108 1109 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1110 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1111 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1112 # me.) 1113 1114 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1115 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1116 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1117 # ... 1118 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1119 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1120 # ... 1121 1122 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1123 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1124 1125 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1126 # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1127 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 1128 # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1129 1130 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1131 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1132 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1133 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1134 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1135 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1136 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1137 # Australia and Western Australia.... 1138 # 1139 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1140 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 1141 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1142 # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1143 # 1144 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1145 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1146 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1147 # coast of the continent. 1148 # 1149 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1150 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1151 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1152 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1153 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 1154 # 1155 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1156 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1157 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1158 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1159 # 1160 # (2006-12-09): 1161 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1162 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1163 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1164 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1165 1166 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1167 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1168 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 1169 1170 1171 # southeast Australia 1172 # 1173 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1174 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1175 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1176 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1177 1178 1179 # South Australia 1180 1181 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1182 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1183 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1184 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1185 1186 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1187 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1188 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1189 # ... 1190 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1191 # ... 1192 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1193 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1194 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1195 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1196 1197 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1198 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1199 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1200 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1201 1202 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1203 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1204 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1205 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1206 # is on... 1207 1208 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1209 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1210 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1211 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1212 1213 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1214 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1215 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1216 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1217 1218 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1219 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1220 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1221 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1222 1223 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1224 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1225 1226 # Tasmania 1227 1228 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1229 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1230 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1231 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1232 1233 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1234 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1235 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1236 # (but nothing new about that). 1237 1238 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1239 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1240 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1241 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1242 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1243 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1244 1245 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1246 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1247 1248 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1249 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1250 1251 # Victoria 1252 1253 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1254 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1255 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1256 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1257 1258 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1259 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1260 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1261 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1262 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1263 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1264 # 1265 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1266 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1267 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1268 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1269 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1270 # expected time. 1271 # 1272 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1273 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1274 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1275 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1276 # 1277 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1278 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1279 1280 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1281 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1282 1283 # New South Wales 1284 1285 # From Arthur David Olson: 1286 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1287 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1288 # who notes: 1289 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1290 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1291 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1292 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1293 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1294 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1295 1296 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1297 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1298 # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1299 # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1300 # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1301 1302 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1303 # See the following official NSW source: 1304 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1305 # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1306 # 1307 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1308 # daylight saving next year. See: 1309 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1310 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1311 # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1312 # 1313 # Victoria will following NSW. See: 1314 # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1315 # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1316 # 1317 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1318 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1319 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1320 # 1321 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1322 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1323 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1324 # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1325 # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1326 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1327 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1328 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1329 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1330 # 1331 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1332 # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1333 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1334 1335 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1336 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1337 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1338 1339 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1340 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1341 # towns to use Queensland time. 1342 1343 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1344 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1345 1346 # Yancowinna 1347 1348 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1349 # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1350 1351 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1352 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1353 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1354 # ... 1355 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1356 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1357 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1358 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1359 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1360 # # presently available. 1361 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1362 # ... 1363 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1364 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1365 # [followed by other Rules] 1366 1367 # Lord Howe Island 1368 1369 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1370 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1371 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1372 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1373 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1374 1375 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1376 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1377 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1378 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1379 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1380 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1381 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1382 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1383 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1384 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1385 1386 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1387 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1388 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1389 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1390 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1391 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1392 1393 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1394 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1395 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1396 1397 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1398 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1399 1400 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1401 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1402 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1403 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1404 # 1405 # From 1406 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1407 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1408 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1409 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1410 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1411 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1412 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1413 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1414 # 1415 # We have a wrap-up here: 1416 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1417 ############################################################################### 1418 1419 # New Zealand 1420 1421 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1422 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1423 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1424 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1425 # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1426 1427 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1428 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1429 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1430 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1431 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1432 # ... 1433 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1434 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1435 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1436 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1437 # ... 1438 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1439 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1440 1441 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1442 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1443 # rather than the October 1 value. 1444 1445 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1446 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1447 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1448 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1449 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1450 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1451 # 1452 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1453 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1454 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1455 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1456 # 1457 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1458 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1459 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1460 1461 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1462 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1463 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1464 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1465 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1466 1467 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1468 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1469 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1470 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1471 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1472 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1473 # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1474 # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1475 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1476 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1477 # LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1478 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1479 1480 ############################################################################### 1481 1482 1483 # Fiji 1484 1485 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1486 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1487 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1488 1489 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1490 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1491 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1492 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1493 1494 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1495 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1496 1497 # From the BBC World Service in 1498 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1499 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1500 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1501 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1502 # of the new millennium. 1503 1504 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1505 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1506 1507 1508 # Kiribati 1509 1510 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1511 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1512 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1513 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1514 1515 1516 # Kwajalein 1517 1518 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1519 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1520 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1521 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1522 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1523 1524 1525 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1526 1527 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1528 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1529 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1530 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1531 # see Asia/Manila. 1532 1533 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1534 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1535 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1536 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1537 1538 1539 # Micronesia 1540 1541 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1542 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1543 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1544 # 1545 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1546 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1547 1548 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1549 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1550 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1551 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1552 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1553 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1554 1555 1556 # Midway 1557 1558 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1559 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1560 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1561 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1562 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1563 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1564 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1565 # air at 6am your time. 1566 # 1567 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1568 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1569 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1570 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1571 1572 1573 # Pitcairn 1574 1575 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1576 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1577 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1578 # 1579 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1580 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1581 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1582 # 1583 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1584 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1585 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1586 1587 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1588 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1589 # ... at midnight. 1590 1591 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1592 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1593 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1594 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1595 1596 1597 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1598 1599 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1600 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1601 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1602 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1603 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1604 1605 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30 1606 # in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11 1607 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1608 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1609 # Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950, 1610 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1611 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1612 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1613 1614 # Tonga 1615 1616 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1617 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1618 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1619 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1620 1621 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1622 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1623 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1624 # 1625 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1626 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1627 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1628 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1629 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1630 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1631 # 1632 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1633 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1634 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1635 # 1636 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1637 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1638 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1639 # minutes we have lost?" 1640 # 1641 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1642 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1643 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1644 1645 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1646 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1647 1648 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1649 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1650 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1651 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1652 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1653 # Government. 1654 1655 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1656 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1657 # 1658 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1659 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1660 # 1661 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1662 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1663 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1664 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1665 1666 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1667 # According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1668 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1669 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1670 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1671 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1672 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1673 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1674 1675 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1676 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1677 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1678 1679 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1680 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1681 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1682 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1683 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1684 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1685 # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1686 1687 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1688 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1689 1690 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1691 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1692 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1693 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1694 # hour to 1:00am. 1695 1696 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1697 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1698 1699 1700 # Wake 1701 1702 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1703 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1704 # 1705 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1706 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1707 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1708 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1709 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1710 # impossible. 1711 # 1712 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1713 1714 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1715 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1716 1717 ############################################################################### 1718 1719 # The International Date Line 1720 1721 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1722 # 1723 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1724 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1725 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1726 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1727 # 1728 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1729 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1730 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1731 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1732 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1733 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1734 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1735 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1736 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1737 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1738 # correct date is ambiguous. 1739 1740 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1741 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1742 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1743 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1744 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1745 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1746 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1747 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1748 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1749 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1750 # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1751 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1752 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1753 1754 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1755 # (2005-03-20): 1756 # 1757 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1758 # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1759 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1760 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.