1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
10 #
11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 #
15 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
18 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
19 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
20 #
21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
22 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
23 #
24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
26 # I found in the UCLA library.
27 #
28 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
29 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
30 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
31 #
32 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
33 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
34 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
35 #
36 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
37 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
38 #
39 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
40 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
41 # Corrections are welcome!
42 # std dst
43 # LMT Local Mean Time
44 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
45 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
46 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
47 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
48 # 4:00 GST Gulf*
49 # 5:30 IST India
50 # 7:00 ICT Indochina*
51 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
52 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
53 # 8:00 CST China
54 # 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
55 # 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
56 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
57 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
58 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea
59 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
60 #
61 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
62
63 # From Guy Harris:
64 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
65 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
66 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
67 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
68
69 ###############################################################################
70
71 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
72 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
73 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
128 4:00 - AMT
129
130 # Azerbaijan
131 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
132 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
133 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
134 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
135 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
136 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
137 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
138 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
139 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
140 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
141 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
142 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
143 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan Time
144 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
145 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
146
147 # Bahrain
148 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
149 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Manamah
150 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
151 3:00 - AST
152
153 # Bangladesh
154 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
155 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
156 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
157 #
158 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
159 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
160 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
161 #
162 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
163 # June
164 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
165 # crippling power crisis. "
166 #
167 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
168 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
169
170 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
171 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
254 6:00 - IOT
255
256 # Brunei
257 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
258 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
259 7:30 - BNT 1933
260 8:00 - BNT
261
262 # Burma / Myanmar
263
264 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
265
266 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
267 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
268 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
269 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
270 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
271 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
272
273 # Cambodia
274 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
275 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
276 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
277 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
278 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
279 7:00 - ICT
280
281 # China
282
283 # From Guy Harris:
284 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
285
286 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
287 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
288 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
289 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
290 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
291 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
292 #
293 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
294 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
295 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
296 #
297 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
298 # 1987 mid-April - ??
299
300 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
876 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
877 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
878 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 0:00
879 9:00 - TLT
880
881 # India
882 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
883 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
884 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
885 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
886 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
887 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
888 5:30 - IST
889 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
890 # Andaman Is
891 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
892 # Nicobar Is
893
894 # Indonesia
895 #
896 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
897 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
898 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
899 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
900 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
901 #
902 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
903 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
904 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
905 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
906 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
907 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
908 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
909 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
910 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
911 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
912 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
913 # switched on 1945-09-23.
914 #
915 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
1645 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1646
1647 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1648 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1649 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1650 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1651 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1652 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1653 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1654 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1655 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1656 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1657 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1658 6:00 - KGT
1659
1660 ###############################################################################
1661
1662 # Korea (North and South)
1663
1664 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
1665 # http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp
1666 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1667 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1668 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1669 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1670
1671 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1672 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1673 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1674 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1675 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1676 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1677
1678 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-01):
1679 # The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger, except that I
1680 # guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1681 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
1682 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1683
1684 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1685 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1686 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1687 9:00 - JCST 1928
1688 8:30 - KST 1932
1689 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1690 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1691 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1692 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1693 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1694 9:00 ROK K%sT
1695 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1696 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1697 9:00 - JCST 1928
1698 8:30 - KST 1932
1699 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1700 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
1701 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1702 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1703 9:00 - KST
1704
1705 ###############################################################################
1706
1707 # Kuwait
1708 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1709 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1710 3:00 - AST
1711
1712 # Laos
1713 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1714 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1715 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1716 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1717 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1718 7:00 - ICT
1719
1720 # Lebanon
1721 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1722 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1723 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1724 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1725 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1726 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1727 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1728 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1729 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1730 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1731 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1732 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1733 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1734 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1735 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1736 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1737 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1738 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1739 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1915 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1916 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1917 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1918 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1919 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1920 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1921 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1922 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1923 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1924 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1925 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1926 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1927
1928 # Nepal
1929 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1930 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1931 5:30 - IST 1986
1932 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1933
1934 # Oman
1935
1936 # Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
1937
1938 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1939 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920
1940 4:00 - GST
1941
1942 # Pakistan
1943
1944 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1945 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1946 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1947 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1948 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1949 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1950
1951 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1952 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
1953 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1954 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1955 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1956 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1957 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1958 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1959 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1960 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1961 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
2414
2415 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2416 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2417 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2418 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2419 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2420 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2421 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2422 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2423 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2424 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2425 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2426 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2427 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2428
2429 # Qatar
2430 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2431 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2432 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2433 3:00 - AST
2434
2435 # Saudi Arabia
2436 #
2437 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2438 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2439 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2440 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2441 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2442 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2443 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2444 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2445 #
2446 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2447 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2448 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2449 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2450 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2451 # earlier date.
2452 #
2453 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2454 # time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of
2455 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2456 #
2457 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2458 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2459 3:00 - AST
2460
2461 # Singapore
2462 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2463 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2464 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2465 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2466 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2467 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2468 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2469 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2470 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2471 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2472 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2473 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2474 8:00 - SGT
2475
2476 # Spratly Is
2477 # no information
2478
2479 # Sri Lanka
2711 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2712
2713 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2714 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2715 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2716
2717 # Tajikistan
2718 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2719 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2720 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2721 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2722 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2723 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2724 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2725
2726 # Thailand
2727 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2728 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2729 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2730 7:00 - ICT
2731
2732 # Turkmenistan
2733 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2734 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2735 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2736 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2737 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2738 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2739 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2740 5:00 - TMT
2741
2742 # United Arab Emirates
2743 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2744 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2745 4:00 - GST
2746
2747 # Uzbekistan
2748 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
2749 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2750 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
2751 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2752 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2753 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2754 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2755 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2756 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2757 5:00 - UZT
2758 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
2759 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
2760 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2761 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2762 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2763 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2764 5:00 - UZT
2765
2766 # Vietnam
2767
2768 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2769 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
2770 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
2771 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
2772 # and Pottenger.
2773
2774 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2775 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
2776 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2777
2778 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2779 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2780 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
2781 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
2782 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
2783 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
2784 7:00 - ICT
2785
2786 # Yemen
2787
2788 # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
2789 # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
2790
2791 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2792 Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950
2793 3:00 - AST
|
1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
10 #
11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 #
16 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 #
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 #
27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30 #
31 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
32 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
33 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
34 #
35 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
36 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
37 #
38 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
39 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
40 # Corrections are welcome!
41 # std dst
42 # LMT Local Mean Time
43 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
44 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
45 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
46 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
47 # 4:00 GST Gulf*
48 # 5:30 IST India
49 # 7:00 ICT Indochina, most times and locations*
50 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
51 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
52 # 8:00 CST China
53 # 8:00 IDT Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)*
54 # 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
55 # 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
56 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
57 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
58 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea
59 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
60 #
61 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
62
63 # From Guy Harris:
64 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
65 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
66 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
67 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
68
69 ###############################################################################
70
71 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
72 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
73 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
128 4:00 - AMT
129
130 # Azerbaijan
131 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
132 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
133 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
134 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
135 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
136 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
137 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
138 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
139 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
140 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
141 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
142 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
143 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan Time
144 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
145 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
146
147 # Bahrain
148 # See Asia/Qatar.
149
150 # Bangladesh
151 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
152 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
153 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
154 #
155 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
156 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
157 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
158 #
159 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
160 # June
161 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
162 # crippling power crisis. "
163 #
164 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
165 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
166
167 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
168 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
251 6:00 - IOT
252
253 # Brunei
254 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
255 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
256 7:30 - BNT 1933
257 8:00 - BNT
258
259 # Burma / Myanmar
260
261 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
262
263 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
264 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
265 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
266 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
267 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
268 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
269
270 # Cambodia
271 # See Asia/Bangkok.
272
273
274 # China
275
276 # From Guy Harris:
277 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
278
279 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
280 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
281 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
282 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
283 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
284 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
285 #
286 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
287 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
288 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
289 #
290 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
291 # 1987 mid-April - ??
292
293 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
869 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
870 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
871 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 0:00
872 9:00 - TLT
873
874 # India
875 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
876 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
877 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
878 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
879 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
880 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
881 5:30 - IST
882 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
883 # Andaman Is
884 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
885 # Nicobar Is
886
887 # Indonesia
888 #
889 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
890 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
891 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
892 #
893 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
894 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
895 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
896 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
897 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
898 #
899 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
900 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
901 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
902 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
903 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
904 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
905 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
906 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
907 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
908 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
909 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
910 # switched on 1945-09-23.
911 #
912 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
1642 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1643
1644 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1645 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1646 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1647 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1648 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1649 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1650 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1651 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1652 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1653 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1654 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1655 6:00 - KGT
1656
1657 ###############################################################################
1658
1659 # Korea (North and South)
1660
1661 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
1662 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
1663 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
1664 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
1665 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
1666
1667 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
1668 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
1669 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
1670 # http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
1671 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
1672 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
1673 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
1674 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
1675 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
1676 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
1677
1678 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1679 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1680 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1681 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
1682 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1683 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1684 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1685 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
1686 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1687 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1688 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1689 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1690 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S
1691 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1692 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
1693
1694 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30):
1695 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
1696 #
1697 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5)
1698 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
1699 # (Announcement No. 338)
1700 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
1701 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
1702 # 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)
1703 #
1704 # The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change
1705 # to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change
1706 # to UT+9 on 1912-01-01? Omit the 1910 change for now.
1707 #
1708 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1709 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
1710 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1711 #
1712 # For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II.
1713
1714 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1715 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1716 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1717 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1718 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1719 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1720 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1721 9:00 ROK K%sT
1722 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1723 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1724 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
1725 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
1726 9:00 - KST
1727
1728 ###############################################################################
1729
1730 # Kuwait
1731 # See Asia/Riyadh.
1732
1733 # Laos
1734 # See Asia/Bangkok.
1735
1736
1737 # Lebanon
1738 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1739 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1740 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1741 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1742 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1743 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1744 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1745 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1746 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1747 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1748 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1749 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1750 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1751 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1752 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1753 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1754 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1755 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1756 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1932 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1933 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1934 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1935 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1936 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1937 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1938 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1939 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1940 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1941 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1942 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1943 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1944
1945 # Nepal
1946 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1947 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1948 5:30 - IST 1986
1949 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1950
1951 # Oman
1952 # See Asia/Dubai.
1953
1954 # Pakistan
1955
1956 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1957 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1958 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1959 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1960 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1961 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1962
1963 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1964 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
1965 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1966 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1967 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1968 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1969 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1970 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1971 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1972 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1973 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
2426
2427 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2428 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2429 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2430 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2431 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2432 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2433 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2434 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2435 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2436 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2437 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2438 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2439 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2440
2441 # Qatar
2442 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2443 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2444 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2445 3:00 - AST
2446 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
2447
2448 # Saudi Arabia
2449 #
2450 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2451 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2452 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2453 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2454 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2455 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2456 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2457 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2458 #
2459 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2460 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2461 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2462 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2463 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2464 # earlier date.
2465 #
2466 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2467 # time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of
2468 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2469 #
2470 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2471 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2472 3:00 - AST
2473 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
2474 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
2475
2476 # Singapore
2477 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2478 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2479 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2480 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2481 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2482 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2483 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2484 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2485 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2486 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2487 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2488 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2489 8:00 - SGT
2490
2491 # Spratly Is
2492 # no information
2493
2494 # Sri Lanka
2726 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2727
2728 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2729 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2730 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2731
2732 # Tajikistan
2733 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2734 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2735 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2736 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2737 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2738 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2739 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2740
2741 # Thailand
2742 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2743 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2744 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2745 7:00 - ICT
2746 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
2747 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
2748
2749 # Turkmenistan
2750 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2751 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2752 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2753 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2754 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2755 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2756 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2757 5:00 - TMT
2758
2759 # United Arab Emirates
2760 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2761 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2762 4:00 - GST
2763 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
2764
2765 # Uzbekistan
2766 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
2767 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2768 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
2769 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2770 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2771 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2772 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2773 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2774 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2775 5:00 - UZT
2776 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
2777 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
2778 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2779 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2780 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2781 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2782 5:00 - UZT
2783
2784 # Vietnam
2785
2786 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
2787 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
2788 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
2789 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
2790 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
2791
2792 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2793 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
2794 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2795
2796 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
2797 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
2798 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
2799 # is quoted verbatim in:
2800 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
2801 # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
2802 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
2803 # and is the basis for the information below.
2804 #
2805 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
2806 # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris.
2807 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
2808 # the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
2809 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
2810 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
2811 # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
2812 #
2813 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
2814 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
2815 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
2816 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
2817 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
2818 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
2819 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
2820 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
2821 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
2822 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
2823 #
2824 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
2825 #
2826 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
2827 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
2828 #
2829 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
2830 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
2831 #
2832 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
2833 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
2834
2835 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2836 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
2837 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
2838 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00
2839 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00
2840 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
2841 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1
2842 8:00 - IDT 1955 Jul 1
2843 7:00 - ICT 1959 Dec 31 23:00
2844 8:00 - IDT 1975 Jun 13
2845 7:00 - ICT
2846
2847 # Yemen
2848 # See Asia/Riyadh.
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