Print this page
    
5722 Update timezone info db to 2015a
    
      
        | Split | 
	Close | 
      
      | Expand all | 
      | Collapse all | 
    
    
          --- old/usr/src/cmd/zic/africa
          +++ new/usr/src/cmd/zic/africa
   1    1  # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
   2    2  # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
   3    3  
   4    4  # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
   5    5  # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
   6    6  # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
   7    7  # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
   8    8  
   9      -# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
        9 +# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
  10   10  #
  11      -# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
       11 +# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
  12   12  # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
  13   13  # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
       14 +# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
  14   15  #
  15   16  # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
  16   17  # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
  17   18  # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
  18   19  # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
  19      -# of the IATA's data after 1990.
       20 +# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
       21 +# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
  20   22  #
  21      -# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
  22      -# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
  23      -#
  24   23  # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
  25   24  # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
  26   25  # I found in the UCLA library.
  27   26  #
  28   27  # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
  29   28  # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
  30   29  # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
  31   30  #
  32   31  # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  33   32  # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  34   33  #
  35   34  # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
  36   35  # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
  37   36  # but Mark R V Murray reports that
  38   37  # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
  39   38  # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
  40   39  # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
  41   40  # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
  42   41  # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
  43   42  #
  44   43  # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
  45   44  # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
  46   45  # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
  47   46  # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
  48   47  # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
  49   48  #
  50   49  # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
  51   50  #       -1:00   WAT     West Africa Time (no longer used)
  52   51  #        0:00   GMT     Greenwich Mean Time
  53   52  #        2:00   CAT     Central Africa Time
  54   53  #        2:00   SAST    South Africa Standard Time
  55   54  # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
  56   55  #        1:00   WAT     West Africa Time
  57   56  # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
  
    | 
      ↓ open down ↓ | 
    24 lines elided | 
    
      ↑ open up ↑ | 
  
  58   57  # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
  59   58  # until we get more information.
  60   59  #
  61   60  # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
  62   61  #        2:00   WAST    West Africa Summer Time
  63   62  #        2:30   BEAT    British East Africa Time (no longer used)
  64   63  #        2:45   BEAUT   British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
  65   64  #        3:00   CAST    Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
  66   65  #        3:00   SAST    South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
  67   66  #        3:00   EAT     East Africa Time
  68      -#        4:00   EAST    East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
  69   67  
  70   68  # Algeria
  71   69  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
  72   70  Rule    Algeria 1916    only    -       Jun     14      23:00s  1:00    S
  73   71  Rule    Algeria 1916    1919    -       Oct     Sun>=1  23:00s  0       -
  74   72  Rule    Algeria 1917    only    -       Mar     24      23:00s  1:00    S
  75   73  Rule    Algeria 1918    only    -       Mar      9      23:00s  1:00    S
  76   74  Rule    Algeria 1919    only    -       Mar      1      23:00s  1:00    S
  77   75  Rule    Algeria 1920    only    -       Feb     14      23:00s  1:00    S
  78   76  Rule    Algeria 1920    only    -       Oct     23      23:00s  0       -
  79   77  Rule    Algeria 1921    only    -       Mar     14      23:00s  1:00    S
  80   78  Rule    Algeria 1921    only    -       Jun     21      23:00s  0       -
  81   79  Rule    Algeria 1939    only    -       Sep     11      23:00s  1:00    S
  82   80  Rule    Algeria 1939    only    -       Nov     19       1:00   0       -
  83   81  Rule    Algeria 1944    1945    -       Apr     Mon>=1   2:00   1:00    S
  84   82  Rule    Algeria 1944    only    -       Oct      8       2:00   0       -
  85   83  Rule    Algeria 1945    only    -       Sep     16       1:00   0       -
  86   84  Rule    Algeria 1971    only    -       Apr     25      23:00s  1:00    S
  87   85  Rule    Algeria 1971    only    -       Sep     26      23:00s  0       -
  88   86  Rule    Algeria 1977    only    -       May      6       0:00   1:00    S
  89   87  Rule    Algeria 1977    only    -       Oct     21       0:00   0       -
  90   88  Rule    Algeria 1978    only    -       Mar     24       1:00   1:00    S
  91   89  Rule    Algeria 1978    only    -       Sep     22       3:00   0       -
  92   90  Rule    Algeria 1980    only    -       Apr     25       0:00   1:00    S
  93   91  Rule    Algeria 1980    only    -       Oct     31       2:00   0       -
  94   92  # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
  95   93  # more precise 0:09:21.
  96   94  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
  97   95  Zone    Africa/Algiers  0:12:12 -       LMT     1891 Mar 15  0:01
  98   96                          0:09:21 -       PMT     1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
  99   97                          0:00    Algeria WE%sT   1940 Feb 25  2:00
 100   98                          1:00    Algeria CE%sT   1946 Oct  7
 101   99                          0:00    -       WET     1956 Jan 29
 102  100                          1:00    -       CET     1963 Apr 14
  
    | 
      ↓ open down ↓ | 
    24 lines elided | 
    
      ↑ open up ↑ | 
  
 103  101                          0:00    Algeria WE%sT   1977 Oct 21
 104  102                          1:00    Algeria CE%sT   1979 Oct 26
 105  103                          0:00    Algeria WE%sT   1981 May
 106  104                          1:00    -       CET
 107  105  
 108  106  # Angola
 109  107  # Benin
 110  108  # See Africa/Lagos.
 111  109  
 112  110  # Botswana
 113      -# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 114      -# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
 115      -# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
 116      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 117      -Zone    Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 -       LMT     1885
 118      -                        1:30    -       SAST    1903 Mar
 119      -                        2:00    -       CAT     1943 Sep 19  2:00
 120      -                        2:00    1:00    CAST    1944 Mar 19  2:00
 121      -                        2:00    -       CAT
      111 +# See Africa/Maputo.
 122  112  
 123  113  # Burkina Faso
 124  114  # See Africa/Abidjan.
 125  115  
 126  116  # Burundi
 127      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 128      -Zone Africa/Bujumbura   1:57:28 -       LMT     1890
 129      -                        2:00    -       CAT
      117 +# See Africa/Maputo.
 130  118  
 131  119  # Cameroon
 132  120  # See Africa/Lagos.
 133  121  
 134  122  # Cape Verde
 135  123  #
 136  124  # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
 137  125  # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
 138  126  # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 139  127  # merely made it official?
 140  128  #
 141  129  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 142  130  Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -     LMT     1907        # Praia
 143  131                          -2:00   -       CVT     1942 Sep
 144  132                          -2:00   1:00    CVST    1945 Oct 15
 145  133                          -2:00   -       CVT     1975 Nov 25  2:00
 146  134                          -1:00   -       CVT
 147  135  
 148  136  # Central African Republic
  
    | 
      ↓ open down ↓ | 
    9 lines elided | 
    
      ↑ open up ↑ | 
  
 149  137  # See Africa/Lagos.
 150  138  
 151  139  # Chad
 152  140  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 153  141  Zone    Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 -       LMT     1912        # N'Djamena
 154  142                          1:00    -       WAT     1979 Oct 14
 155  143                          1:00    1:00    WAST    1980 Mar  8
 156  144                          1:00    -       WAT
 157  145  
 158  146  # Comoros
 159      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 160      -Zone    Indian/Comoro   2:53:04 -       LMT     1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
 161      -                        3:00    -       EAT
      147 +# See Africa/Nairobi.
 162  148  
 163  149  # Democratic Republic of the Congo
 164      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 165      -Zone Africa/Lubumbashi  1:49:52 -       LMT     1897 Nov 9
 166      -                        2:00    -       CAT
 167      -# The above is for the eastern part; see Africa/Lagos for the western part.
      150 +# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
 168  151  
 169  152  # Republic of the Congo
 170  153  # See Africa/Lagos.
 171  154  
 172  155  # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
 173  156  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 174  157  Zone    Africa/Abidjan  -0:16:08 -      LMT     1912
 175  158                           0:00   -       GMT
 176  159  Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako       # Mali
 177  160  Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul       # Gambia
 178  161  Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry      # Guinea
 179  162  Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar        # Senegal
 180  163  Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown     # Sierra Leone
 181  164  Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome         # Togo
 182  165  Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott   # Mauritania
 183  166  Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou  # Burkina Faso
 184  167  Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome     # São Tomé and Príncipe
 185  168  Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena  # St Helena
 186  169  
 187  170  # Djibouti
 188      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 189      -Zone    Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 -       LMT     1911 Jul
 190      -                        3:00    -       EAT
      171 +# See Africa/Nairobi.
 191  172  
 192  173  ###############################################################################
 193  174  
 194  175  # Egypt
 195  176  
 196  177  # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
 197  178  # observatory; round to nearest.  Milne also says that the official time for
 198  179  # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
 199  180  # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
 200  181  
 201  182  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 202  183  Rule    Egypt   1940    only    -       Jul     15      0:00    1:00    S
 203  184  Rule    Egypt   1940    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 204  185  Rule    Egypt   1941    only    -       Apr     15      0:00    1:00    S
 205  186  Rule    Egypt   1941    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    0       -
 206  187  Rule    Egypt   1942    1944    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    S
 207  188  Rule    Egypt   1942    only    -       Oct     27      0:00    0       -
 208  189  Rule    Egypt   1943    1945    -       Nov      1      0:00    0       -
 209  190  Rule    Egypt   1945    only    -       Apr     16      0:00    1:00    S
 210  191  Rule    Egypt   1957    only    -       May     10      0:00    1:00    S
 211  192  Rule    Egypt   1957    1958    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 212  193  Rule    Egypt   1958    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    S
 213  194  Rule    Egypt   1959    1981    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 214  195  Rule    Egypt   1959    1965    -       Sep     30      3:00    0       -
 215  196  Rule    Egypt   1966    1994    -       Oct      1      3:00    0       -
 216  197  Rule    Egypt   1982    only    -       Jul     25      1:00    1:00    S
 217  198  Rule    Egypt   1983    only    -       Jul     12      1:00    1:00    S
 218  199  Rule    Egypt   1984    1988    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 219  200  Rule    Egypt   1989    only    -       May      6      1:00    1:00    S
 220  201  Rule    Egypt   1990    1994    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 221  202  # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
 222  203  # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
 223  204  
 224  205  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
 225  206  # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
 226  207  # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
 227  208  # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
 228  209  #
 229  210  # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
 230  211  # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
 231  212  # or
 232  213  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
 233  214  Rule    Egypt   1995    2010    -       Apr     lastFri  0:00s  1:00    S
 234  215  Rule    Egypt   1995    2005    -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
 235  216  # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
 236  217  # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
 237  218  # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
 238  219  # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
 239  220  # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
 240  221  Rule    Egypt   2006    only    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
 241  222  # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
 242  223  # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
 243  224  # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
 244  225  # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
 245  226  # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
 246  227  # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
 247  228  # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
 248  229  # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
 249  230  Rule    Egypt   2007    only    -       Sep     Thu>=1  24:00   0       -
 250  231  # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
 251  232  # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
 252  233  # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
 253  234  # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
 254  235  # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
 255  236  # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
 256  237  # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
 257  238  # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 258  239  # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
 259  240  
 260  241  # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
 261  242  # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
 262  243  #
 263  244  # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
 264  245  # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
 265  246  # Apr 23
 266  247  # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
 267  248  # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
 268  249  # Apr 24
 269  250  # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
 270  251  # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
 271  252  # Aug 27
 272  253  # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
 273  254  # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
 274  255  # Aug 27
 275  256  # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
 276  257  #
 277  258  # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
 278  259  # :59)
 279  260  # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
 280  261  #
 281  262  # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
 282  263  #
 283  264  # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
 284  265  # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
 285  266  # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
 286  267  
 287  268  # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
 288  269  # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
 289  270  # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
 290  271  # in September.
 291  272  
 292  273  # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
 293  274  # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
 294  275  # Information and Decision Support Center:
 295  276  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
 296  277  #
 297  278  # The Middle East News Agency
 298  279  # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
 299  280  # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
 300  281  # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
 301  282  # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
 302  283  # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
 303  284  # (at least today).
 304  285  
 305  286  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
 306  287  # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
 307  288  # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
 308  289  # Ramadan.
  
    | 
      ↓ open down ↓ | 
    108 lines elided | 
    
      ↑ open up ↑ | 
  
 309  290  #
 310  291  # Arabic translation:
 311  292  # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
 312  293  # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
 313  294  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
 314  295  
 315  296  # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
 316  297  # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
 317  298  # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
 318  299  
 319      -# From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13):
      300 +# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
 320  301  # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
 321  302  
 322  303  # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
 323  304  # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
 324  305  # in Egypt.  The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
 325  306  # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
 326  307  # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
 327  308  # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
 328  309  # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
 329  310  # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
 330  311  # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
 331  312  # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014."  This statement has been
 332  313  # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
 333  314  # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
 334  315  
 335  316  # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
 336  317  # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
 337  318  # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
 338  319  # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  There is
 339  320  # no information about when DST will end this fall.  See:
 340  321  # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
 341  322  #
 342  323  # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use
 343  324  # 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at
 344  325  # 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the
 345  326  # first Friday after Ramadan.  To implement this,
 346  327  # transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running
 347  328  # the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated
 348  329  # by hand into the table below.  Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed
 349  330  # DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff.
 350  331  # (let ((islamic-year 1436))
 351  332  #   (while (< islamic-year 1460)
 352  333  #     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
 353  334  #           (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
 354  335  #           (friday 5))
 355  336  #       (while (/= friday (mod a 7))
 356  337  #         (setq a (1- a)))
 357  338  #       (while (/= friday (mod b 7))
 358  339  #         (setq b (1+ b)))
 359  340  #       (setq a (1- a))
 360  341  #       (setq b (1- b))
 361  342  #       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
 362  343  #       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
 363  344  #       (insert
 364  345  #        (format
 365  346  #         (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
 366  347  #                 "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n")
 367  348  #         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
 368  349  #         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
 369  350  #     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
 370  351  Rule    Egypt   2008    only    -       Aug     lastThu 24:00   0       -
 371  352  Rule    Egypt   2009    only    -       Aug     20      24:00   0       -
 372  353  Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Aug     10      24:00   0       -
 373  354  Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Sep      9      24:00   1:00    S
 374  355  Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
 375  356  Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       May     15      24:00   1:00    S
 376  357  Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       Jun     26      24:00   0       -
 377  358  Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       Jul     31      24:00   1:00    S
 378  359  Rule    Egypt   2014    max     -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
 379  360  Rule    Egypt   2015    2019    -       Apr     lastFri  0:00s  1:00    S
 380  361  Rule    Egypt   2015    only    -       Jun     11      24:00   0       -
 381  362  Rule    Egypt   2015    only    -       Jul     23      24:00   1:00    S
 382  363  Rule    Egypt   2016    only    -       Jun      2      24:00   0       -
 383  364  Rule    Egypt   2016    only    -       Jul      7      24:00   1:00    S
 384  365  Rule    Egypt   2017    only    -       May     25      24:00   0       -
 385  366  Rule    Egypt   2017    only    -       Jun     29      24:00   1:00    S
 386  367  Rule    Egypt   2018    only    -       May     10      24:00   0       -
 387  368  Rule    Egypt   2018    only    -       Jun     14      24:00   1:00    S
 388  369  Rule    Egypt   2019    only    -       May      2      24:00   0       -
 389  370  Rule    Egypt   2019    only    -       Jun      6      24:00   1:00    S
 390  371  Rule    Egypt   2020    only    -       May     28      24:00   1:00    S
 391  372  Rule    Egypt   2021    only    -       May     13      24:00   1:00    S
 392  373  Rule    Egypt   2022    only    -       May      5      24:00   1:00    S
  
    | 
      ↓ open down ↓ | 
    63 lines elided | 
    
      ↑ open up ↑ | 
  
 393  374  Rule    Egypt   2023    max     -       Apr     lastFri  0:00s  1:00    S
 394  375  
 395  376  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 396  377  Zone    Africa/Cairo    2:05:09 -       LMT     1900 Oct
 397  378                          2:00    Egypt   EE%sT
 398  379  
 399  380  # Equatorial Guinea
 400  381  # See Africa/Lagos.
 401  382  
 402  383  # Eritrea
 403      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 404      -Zone    Africa/Asmara   2:35:32 -       LMT     1870
 405      -                        2:35:32 -       AMT     1890        # Asmara Mean Time
 406      -                        2:35:20 -       ADMT    1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
 407      -                        3:00    -       EAT
 408      -
 409  384  # Ethiopia
 410      -# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
 411      -# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
 412      -# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
 413      -# 02:00 or 14:00.  Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
 414      -#
 415      -# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
 416      -# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
 417      -# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05.  Perhaps 38E50
 418      -# was for Adis Dera.  Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
 419      -# anyway.
 420      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 421      -Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 -       LMT     1870
 422      -                        2:35:20 -       ADMT    1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
 423      -                        3:00    -       EAT
      385 +# See Africa/Nairobi.
 424  386  
 425  387  # Gabon
 426  388  # See Africa/Lagos.
 427  389  
 428  390  # Gambia
 429  391  # See Africa/Abidjan.
 430  392  
 431  393  # Ghana
 432  394  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 433  395  # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
 434  396  # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
 435  397  # and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
 436  398  # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
 437  399  # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
 438  400  # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
 439  401  Rule    Ghana   1920    1942    -       Sep      1      0:00    0:20    GHST
 440  402  Rule    Ghana   1920    1942    -       Dec     31      0:00    0       GMT
 441  403  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 442  404  Zone    Africa/Accra    -0:00:52 -      LMT     1918
 443  405                           0:00   Ghana   %s
 444  406  
 445  407  # Guinea
 446  408  # See Africa/Abidjan.
 447  409  
 448  410  # Guinea-Bissau
 449  411  #
 450  412  # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
 451  413  # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
 452  414  # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 453  415  # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
 454  416  #
 455  417  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 456  418  Zone    Africa/Bissau   -1:02:20 -      LMT     1912 Jan  1
  
    | 
      ↓ open down ↓ | 
    23 lines elided | 
    
      ↑ open up ↑ | 
  
 457  419                          -1:00   -       WAT     1975
 458  420                           0:00   -       GMT
 459  421  
 460  422  # Kenya
 461  423  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 462  424  Zone    Africa/Nairobi  2:27:16 -       LMT     1928 Jul
 463  425                          3:00    -       EAT     1930
 464  426                          2:30    -       BEAT    1940
 465  427                          2:45    -       BEAUT   1960
 466  428                          3:00    -       EAT
      429 +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa   # Ethiopia
      430 +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara        # Eritrea
      431 +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
      432 +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
      433 +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala       # Uganda
      434 +Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu     # Somalia
      435 +Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo  # Madagascar
      436 +Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
      437 +Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
 467  438  
 468  439  # Lesotho
 469      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 470      -Zone    Africa/Maseru   1:50:00 -       LMT     1903 Mar
 471      -                        2:00    -       SAST    1943 Sep 19  2:00
 472      -                        2:00    1:00    SAST    1944 Mar 19  2:00
 473      -                        2:00    -       SAST
      440 +# See Africa/Johannesburg.
 474  441  
 475  442  # Liberia
 476  443  # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 477  444  # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
 478  445  # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
 479  446  # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
 480  447  # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
 481  448  # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 482  449  # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
 483  450  # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
 484  451  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 485  452  Zone    Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 -      LMT     1882
 486  453                          -0:43:08 -      MMT     1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
 487  454                          -0:44:30 -      LRT     1972 May # Liberia Time
 488  455                           0:00   -       GMT
 489  456  
 490  457  ###############################################################################
 491  458  
 492  459  # Libya
 493  460  
 494  461  # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
 495  462  # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
 496  463  # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
 497  464  # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
 498  465  #
 499  466  # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
 500  467  # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
 501  468  #
 502  469  # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
 503  470  # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
 504  471  # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
 505  472  # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
 506  473  # lastFri instead of lastSun).
 507  474  
 508  475  # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
 509  476  # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
 510  477  # cancelled yesterday....
 511  478  # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
 512  479  #
 513  480  # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
 514  481  # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2.
 515  482  
 516  483  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 517  484  Rule    Libya   1951    only    -       Oct     14      2:00    1:00    S
 518  485  Rule    Libya   1952    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    0       -
 519  486  Rule    Libya   1953    only    -       Oct      9      2:00    1:00    S
 520  487  Rule    Libya   1954    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    0       -
 521  488  Rule    Libya   1955    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    1:00    S
 522  489  Rule    Libya   1956    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    0       -
 523  490  Rule    Libya   1982    1984    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    S
 524  491  Rule    Libya   1982    1985    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 525  492  Rule    Libya   1985    only    -       Apr      6      0:00    1:00    S
 526  493  Rule    Libya   1986    only    -       Apr      4      0:00    1:00    S
 527  494  Rule    Libya   1986    only    -       Oct      3      0:00    0       -
 528  495  Rule    Libya   1987    1989    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    S
 529  496  Rule    Libya   1987    1989    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 530  497  Rule    Libya   1997    only    -       Apr      4      0:00    1:00    S
 531  498  Rule    Libya   1997    only    -       Oct      4      0:00    0       -
 532  499  Rule    Libya   2013    only    -       Mar     lastFri 1:00    1:00    S
 533  500  Rule    Libya   2013    only    -       Oct     lastFri 2:00    0       -
 534  501  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 535  502  Zone    Africa/Tripoli  0:52:44 -       LMT     1920
 536  503                          1:00    Libya   CE%sT   1959
 537  504                          2:00    -       EET     1982
  
    | 
      ↓ open down ↓ | 
    54 lines elided | 
    
      ↑ open up ↑ | 
  
 538  505                          1:00    Libya   CE%sT   1990 May  4
 539  506  # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
 540  507  # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
 541  508                          2:00    -       EET     1996 Sep 30
 542  509                          1:00    Libya   CE%sT   1997 Oct  4
 543  510                          2:00    -       EET     2012 Nov 10  2:00
 544  511                          1:00    Libya   CE%sT   2013 Oct 25  2:00
 545  512                          2:00    -       EET
 546  513  
 547  514  # Madagascar
 548      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 549      -Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -      LMT     1911 Jul
 550      -                        3:00    -       EAT     1954 Feb 27 23:00s
 551      -                        3:00    1:00    EAST    1954 May 29 23:00s
 552      -                        3:00    -       EAT
      515 +# See Africa/Nairobi.
 553  516  
 554  517  # Malawi
 555      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 556      -Zone    Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 -       LMT     1903 Mar
 557      -                        2:00    -       CAT
      518 +# See Africa/Maputo.
 558  519  
 559  520  # Mali
 560  521  # Mauritania
 561  522  # See Africa/Abidjan.
 562  523  
 563  524  # Mauritius
 564  525  
 565  526  # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
 566  527  # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
 567  528  # basis....
 568  529  # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
 569  530  # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
 570  531  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
 571  532  
 572  533  # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
 573  534  # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
 574  535  
 575  536  # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
 576  537  # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
 577  538  # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
 578  539  # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
 579  540  
 580  541  # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
 581  542  # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
 582  543  
 583  544  # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
 584  545  # According to
 585  546  # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
 586  547  # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
 587  548  # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start
 588  549  # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
 589  550  # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
 590  551  #
 591  552  # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
 592  553  # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
 593  554  # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
 594  555  # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
 595  556  # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
 596  557  # changes two days later.
 597  558  
 598  559  # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
 599  560  # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
 600  561  # time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
 601  562  # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
 602  563  #
 603  564  # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
 604  565  # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
 605  566  # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
 606  567  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
 607  568  
 608  569  # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
 609  570  # The Government of Mauritius weblink
 610  571  # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
 611  572  # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
 612  573  #
 613  574  # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
 614  575  # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
 615  576  # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
 616  577  # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
 617  578  # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
 618  579  # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
 619  580  # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
 620  581  # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
 621  582  # and end on 29 March 2009.
 622  583  
 623  584  # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
 624  585  # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
 625  586  # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
 626  587  # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
 627  588  # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
 628  589  
 629  590  # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
 630  591  # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
 631  592  # DST the coming summer...
 632  593  #
 633  594  # Some sources, in French:
 634  595  # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
 635  596  # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
 636  597  #
 637  598  # Our wrap-up:
 638  599  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
 639  600  
 640  601  # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
 641  602  # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
 642  603  # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
 643  604  # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
 644  605  
 645  606  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 646  607  Rule Mauritius  1982    only    -       Oct     10      0:00    1:00    S
  
    | 
      ↓ open down ↓ | 
    79 lines elided | 
    
      ↑ open up ↑ | 
  
 647  608  Rule Mauritius  1983    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    0       -
 648  609  Rule Mauritius  2008    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    1:00    S
 649  610  Rule Mauritius  2009    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    0       -
 650  611  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 651  612  Zone Indian/Mauritius   3:50:00 -       LMT     1907 # Port Louis
 652  613                          4:00 Mauritius  MU%sT   # Mauritius Time
 653  614  # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
 654  615  # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
 655  616  
 656  617  # Mayotte
 657      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 658      -Zone    Indian/Mayotte  3:00:56 -       LMT     1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
 659      -                        3:00    -       EAT
      618 +# See Africa/Nairobi.
 660  619  
 661  620  # Morocco
 662  621  # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
 663  622  
 664  623  # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
 665  624  # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
 666  625  # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
 667  626  #
 668  627  # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
 669  628  # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
 670  629  # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
 671  630  #
 672  631  # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
 673  632  # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
 674  633  
 675  634  # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
 676  635  # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
 677  636  # Presse:
 678  637  # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
 679  638  #
 680  639  # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
 681  640  # spokesman.
 682  641  
 683  642  # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
 684  643  # According to this article:
 685  644  # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
 686  645  # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
 687  646  # the changes occur at midnight:
 688  647  #
 689  648  # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
 690  649  # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
 691  650  # Sunday night the 28th at midnight
 692  651  #
 693  652  # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
 694  653  # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
 695  654  # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
 696  655  # June 1st to Sept 27th.
 697  656  #
 698  657  # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
 699  658  # published on the web.
 700  659  #
 701  660  # It's also confirmed here:
 702  661  # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
 703  662  # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
 704  663  # posted in English).
 705  664  #
 706  665  # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
 707  666  # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
 708  667  
 709  668  # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
 710  669  # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
 711  670  # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
 712  671  # of September:
 713  672  #
 714  673  # One article about it (in French):
 715  674  # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
 716  675  #
 717  676  # We have some further details posted here:
 718  677  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
 719  678  
 720  679  # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
 721  680  # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
 722  681  # to many sources, such as
 723  682  # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
 724  683  # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
 725  684  # (French)
 726  685  #
 727  686  # Our summary:
 728  687  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
 729  688  
 730  689  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
 731  690  # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
 732  691  # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
 733  692  #
 734  693  # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
 735  694  # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
 736  695  # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
 737  696  # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
 738  697  #
 739  698  # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
 740  699  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
 741  700  
 742  701  # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
 743  702  # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
 744  703  # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
 745  704  # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
 746  705  #
 747  706  # Example:
 748  707  # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
 749  708  # (French)
 750  709  # Our page:
 751  710  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
 752  711  
 753  712  # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
 754  713  # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
 755  714  # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
 756  715  # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
 757  716  # ...Official links of change in morocco
 758  717  # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
 759  718  # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
 760  719  # +212.537.71.84.00
 761  720  # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
 762  721  # They said that
 763  722  # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
 764  723  # is the official publication to look at.
 765  724  # They said that the decision was already taken.
 766  725  #
 767  726  # More articles in the press
 768  727  # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
 769  728  # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
 770  729  # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
 771  730  
 772  731  # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
 773  732  # They have it written in English here:
 774  733  # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
 775  734  #
 776  735  # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
 777  736  # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
 778  737  # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
 779  738  # also been like that in the past.
 780  739  
 781  740  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
 782  741  # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
 783  742  # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
 784  743  # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
 785  744  # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
 786  745  # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
 787  746  # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
 788  747  # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
 789  748  # except the month of Ramadan.
 790  749  # or (brief)
 791  750  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
 792  751  
 793  752  # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
 794  753  # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
 795  754  # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
 796  755  # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
 797  756  # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
 798  757  # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
 799  758  
 800  759  # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
 801  760  # Seen Morocco change again:
 802  761  # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
 803  762  # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
 804  763  # comme annoncé précédemment."
 805  764  
 806  765  # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
 807  766  # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
 808  767  # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
 809  768  #
 810  769  # Google translation, lightly edited:
 811  770  # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
 812  771  # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
 813  772  # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
 814  773  # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
 815  774  # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
 816  775  # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
 817  776  # Monday, August 20, 2012.  So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
 818  777  # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
 819  778  # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
 820  779  
 821  780  # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
 822  781  # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
 823  782  # announced a bit in advance.  On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
 824  783  # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
 825  784  # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
 826  785  # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
 827  786  
 828  787  # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
 829  788  # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
 830  789  # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
 831  790  # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
 832  791  
 833  792  # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
 834  793  # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
 835  794  # before it was going to end.  There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
 836  795  # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
 837  796  # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules.  Official
 838  797  # source (French):
 839  798  # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
 840  799  # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
 841  800  # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
 842  801  
 843  802  # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
 844  803  # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
 845  804  
 846  805  # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
 847  806  # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
 848  807  # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time....  DST
 849  808  # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
 850  809  # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
 851  810  
 852  811  # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05):
 853  812  # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules,
 854  813  # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
 855  814  # Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after
 856  815  # Ramadan.  To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were
 857  816  # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
 858  817  # results integrated by hand into the table below.
 859  818  # (let ((islamic-year 1436))
 860  819  #   (while (< islamic-year 1460)
 861  820  #     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
 862  821  #           (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
 863  822  #           (saturday 6))
 864  823  #       (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
 865  824  #       (while (/= saturday (mod b 7))
 866  825  #         (setq b (1+ b)))
 867  826  #       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
 868  827  #       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
 869  828  #       (insert
 870  829  #        (format
 871  830  #         (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
 872  831  #                 "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
 873  832  #         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
 874  833  #         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
 875  834  #     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
 876  835  
 877  836  # RULE  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 878  837  
 879  838  Rule    Morocco 1939    only    -       Sep     12       0:00   1:00    S
 880  839  Rule    Morocco 1939    only    -       Nov     19       0:00   0       -
 881  840  Rule    Morocco 1940    only    -       Feb     25       0:00   1:00    S
 882  841  Rule    Morocco 1945    only    -       Nov     18       0:00   0       -
 883  842  Rule    Morocco 1950    only    -       Jun     11       0:00   1:00    S
 884  843  Rule    Morocco 1950    only    -       Oct     29       0:00   0       -
 885  844  Rule    Morocco 1967    only    -       Jun      3      12:00   1:00    S
 886  845  Rule    Morocco 1967    only    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
 887  846  Rule    Morocco 1974    only    -       Jun     24       0:00   1:00    S
 888  847  Rule    Morocco 1974    only    -       Sep      1       0:00   0       -
 889  848  Rule    Morocco 1976    1977    -       May      1       0:00   1:00    S
 890  849  Rule    Morocco 1976    only    -       Aug      1       0:00   0       -
 891  850  Rule    Morocco 1977    only    -       Sep     28       0:00   0       -
 892  851  Rule    Morocco 1978    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    S
 893  852  Rule    Morocco 1978    only    -       Aug      4       0:00   0       -
 894  853  Rule    Morocco 2008    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    S
 895  854  Rule    Morocco 2008    only    -       Sep      1       0:00   0       -
 896  855  Rule    Morocco 2009    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    S
 897  856  Rule    Morocco 2009    only    -       Aug     21       0:00   0       -
 898  857  Rule    Morocco 2010    only    -       May      2       0:00   1:00    S
 899  858  Rule    Morocco 2010    only    -       Aug      8       0:00   0       -
 900  859  Rule    Morocco 2011    only    -       Apr      3       0:00   1:00    S
 901  860  Rule    Morocco 2011    only    -       Jul     31       0      0       -
 902  861  Rule    Morocco 2012    2013    -       Apr     lastSun  2:00   1:00    S
 903  862  Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Sep     30       3:00   0       -
 904  863  Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Jul     20       3:00   0       -
 905  864  Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Aug     20       2:00   1:00    S
 906  865  Rule    Morocco 2013    only    -       Jul      7       3:00   0       -
 907  866  Rule    Morocco 2013    only    -       Aug     10       2:00   1:00    S
 908  867  Rule    Morocco 2013    max     -       Oct     lastSun  3:00   0       -
 909  868  Rule    Morocco 2014    2022    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00   1:00    S
 910  869  Rule    Morocco 2014    only    -       Jun     28       3:00   0       -
 911  870  Rule    Morocco 2014    only    -       Aug      2       2:00   1:00    S
 912  871  Rule    Morocco 2015    only    -       Jun     13       3:00   0       -
 913  872  Rule    Morocco 2015    only    -       Jul     18       2:00   1:00    S
 914  873  Rule    Morocco 2016    only    -       Jun      4       3:00   0       -
 915  874  Rule    Morocco 2016    only    -       Jul      9       2:00   1:00    S
 916  875  Rule    Morocco 2017    only    -       May     20       3:00   0       -
 917  876  Rule    Morocco 2017    only    -       Jul      1       2:00   1:00    S
 918  877  Rule    Morocco 2018    only    -       May     12       3:00   0       -
 919  878  Rule    Morocco 2018    only    -       Jun     16       2:00   1:00    S
 920  879  Rule    Morocco 2019    only    -       May      4       3:00   0       -
 921  880  Rule    Morocco 2019    only    -       Jun      8       2:00   1:00    S
 922  881  Rule    Morocco 2020    only    -       Apr     18       3:00   0       -
 923  882  Rule    Morocco 2020    only    -       May     30       2:00   1:00    S
 924  883  Rule    Morocco 2021    only    -       Apr     10       3:00   0       -
 925  884  Rule    Morocco 2021    only    -       May     15       2:00   1:00    S
 926  885  Rule    Morocco 2022    only    -       Apr      2       3:00   0       -
 927  886  Rule    Morocco 2022    only    -       May      7       2:00   1:00    S
 928  887  Rule    Morocco 2023    only    -       Apr     22       2:00   1:00    S
 929  888  Rule    Morocco 2024    only    -       Apr     13       2:00   1:00    S
 930  889  Rule    Morocco 2025    only    -       Apr      5       2:00   1:00    S
 931  890  Rule    Morocco 2026    max     -       Mar     lastSun  2:00   1:00    S
 932  891  Rule    Morocco 2035    only    -       Oct     27       3:00   0       -
 933  892  Rule    Morocco 2036    only    -       Oct     18       3:00   0       -
 934  893  Rule    Morocco 2037    only    -       Oct     10       3:00   0       -
 935  894  
 936  895  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 937  896  Zone Africa/Casablanca  -0:30:20 -      LMT     1913 Oct 26
 938  897                           0:00   Morocco WE%sT   1984 Mar 16
 939  898                           1:00   -       CET     1986
 940  899                           0:00   Morocco WE%sT
 941  900  
 942  901  # Western Sahara
 943  902  #
 944  903  # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
 945  904  # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
 946  905  # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
 947  906  # Morocco does.
 948  907  #
 949  908  # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
 950  909  # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
 951  910  # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
 952  911  
 953  912  Zone Africa/El_Aaiun    -0:52:48 -      LMT     1934 Jan # El Aaiún
 954  913                          -1:00   -       WAT     1976 Apr 14
 955  914                           0:00   Morocco WE%sT
 956  915  
  
    | 
      ↓ open down ↓ | 
    287 lines elided | 
    
      ↑ open up ↑ | 
  
 957  916  # Mozambique
 958  917  #
 959  918  # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
 960  919  # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
 961  920  # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 962  921  # merely made it official?
 963  922  #
 964  923  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 965  924  Zone    Africa/Maputo   2:10:20 -       LMT     1903 Mar
 966  925                          2:00    -       CAT
      926 +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre      # Malawi
      927 +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura     # Burundi
      928 +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone      # Botswana
      929 +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare        # Zimbabwe
      930 +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali        # Rwanda
      931 +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi    # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
      932 +Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka        # Zambia
 967  933  
 968  934  # Namibia
 969  935  # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
 970  936  # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
 971  937  
 972  938  # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
 973  939  # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
 974  940  # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
 975  941  # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
 976  942  # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
 977  943  # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
 978  944  # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
 979  945  # of the country.
 980  946  #
 981  947  # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
 982  948  # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
 983  949  # we have no details.  In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
 984  950  
 985  951  # RULE  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 986  952  Rule    Namibia 1994    max     -       Sep     Sun>=1  2:00    1:00    S
 987  953  Rule    Namibia 1995    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1  2:00    0       -
 988  954  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 989  955  Zone    Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 -       LMT     1892 Feb 8
 990  956                          1:30    -       SWAT    1903 Mar    # SW Africa Time
 991  957                          2:00    -       SAST    1942 Sep 20  2:00
 992  958                          2:00    1:00    SAST    1943 Mar 21  2:00
 993  959                          2:00    -       SAST    1990 Mar 21 # independence
 994  960                          2:00    -       CAT     1994 Apr  3
 995  961                          1:00    Namibia WA%sT
 996  962  
 997  963  # Niger
 998  964  # See Africa/Lagos.
 999  965  
1000  966  # Nigeria
1001  967  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1002  968  Zone    Africa/Lagos    0:13:36 -       LMT     1919 Sep
1003  969                          1:00    -       WAT
1004  970  Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui      # Central African Republic
1005  971  Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
1006  972  Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala      # Cameroon
1007  973  Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa    # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
1008  974  Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville  # Gabon
1009  975  Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda      # Angola
1010  976  Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo      # Equatorial Guinea
1011  977  Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey      # Niger
1012  978  Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo  # Benin
1013  979  
1014  980  # Réunion
1015  981  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1016  982  Zone    Indian/Reunion  3:41:52 -       LMT     1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
1017  983                          4:00    -       RET     # Réunion Time
1018  984  #
1019  985  # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
1020  986  #
1021  987  # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
1022  988  # The following information about them is taken from
1023  989  # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
  
    | 
      ↓ open down ↓ | 
    47 lines elided | 
    
      ↑ open up ↑ | 
  
1024  990  # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1025  991  # We have no info about their time zone histories.
1026  992  #
1027  993  # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1028  994  # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1029  995  # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1030  996  # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1031  997  # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1032  998  
1033  999  # Rwanda
1034      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1035      -Zone    Africa/Kigali   2:00:16 -       LMT     1935 Jun
1036      -                        2:00    -       CAT
     1000 +# See Africa/Maputo.
1037 1001  
1038 1002  # St Helena
1039 1003  # See Africa/Abidjan.
1040 1004  # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1041 1005  #       Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1042 1006  #       Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1043 1007  #       Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1044 1008  #               on GMT, says the CIA
1045 1009  #       Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1046 1010  
1047 1011  # São Tomé and Príncipe
1048 1012  # Senegal
1049 1013  # See Africa/Abidjan.
1050 1014  
1051 1015  # Seychelles
1052 1016  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1053 1017  Zone    Indian/Mahe     3:41:48 -       LMT     1906 Jun # Victoria
1054 1018                          4:00    -       SCT     # Seychelles Time
1055 1019  # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
  
    | 
      ↓ open down ↓ | 
    9 lines elided | 
    
      ↑ open up ↑ | 
  
1056 1020  # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1057 1021  # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1058 1022  # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
1059 1023  # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1060 1024  # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1061 1025  
1062 1026  # Sierra Leone
1063 1027  # See Africa/Abidjan.
1064 1028  
1065 1029  # Somalia
1066      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1067      -Zone Africa/Mogadishu   3:01:28 -       LMT     1893 Nov
1068      -                        3:00    -       EAT     1931
1069      -                        2:30    -       BEAT    1957
1070      -                        3:00    -       EAT
     1030 +# See Africa/Nairobi.
1071 1031  
1072 1032  # South Africa
1073 1033  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1074 1034  Rule    SA      1942    1943    -       Sep     Sun>=15 2:00    1:00    -
1075 1035  Rule    SA      1943    1944    -       Mar     Sun>=15 2:00    0       -
1076 1036  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1077 1037  Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -      LMT     1892 Feb 8
1078 1038                          1:30    -       SAST    1903 Mar
1079 1039                          2:00    SA      SAST
     1040 +Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru     # Lesotho
     1041 +Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane    # Swaziland
     1042 +#
1080 1043  # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1081 1044  # scientific station since 1947
1082 1045  # no information
1083 1046  
1084 1047  # Sudan
1085 1048  #
1086 1049  # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1087 1050  # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1088 1051  # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1089 1052  # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1090 1053  # Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1091 1054  # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1092 1055  #
1093 1056  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1094 1057  Rule    Sudan   1970    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    S
1095 1058  Rule    Sudan   1970    1985    -       Oct     15      0:00    0       -
1096 1059  Rule    Sudan   1971    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    S
  
    | 
      ↓ open down ↓ | 
    7 lines elided | 
    
      ↑ open up ↑ | 
  
1097 1060  Rule    Sudan   1972    1985    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
1098 1061  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1099 1062  Zone    Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 -       LMT     1931
1100 1063                          2:00    Sudan   CA%sT   2000 Jan 15 12:00
1101 1064                          3:00    -       EAT
1102 1065  
1103 1066  # South Sudan
1104 1067  Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1105 1068  
1106 1069  # Swaziland
1107      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1108      -Zone    Africa/Mbabane  2:04:24 -       LMT     1903 Mar
1109      -                        2:00    -       SAST
     1070 +# See Africa/Johannesburg.
1110 1071  
1111 1072  # Tanzania
1112      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1113      -Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -     LMT     1931
1114      -                        3:00    -       EAT     1948
1115      -                        2:45    -       BEAUT   1961
1116      -                        3:00    -       EAT
     1073 +# See Africa/Nairobi.
1117 1074  
1118 1075  # Togo
1119 1076  # See Africa/Abidjan.
1120 1077  
1121 1078  # Tunisia
1122 1079  
1123 1080  # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1124 1081  # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1125 1082  # this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
1126 1083  # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1127 1084  # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1128 1085  # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1129 1086  # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1130 1087  # Saturday."  (My translation)
1131 1088  #
1132 1089  # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1133 1090  # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1134 1091  # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1135 1092  # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1136 1093  # 1h standard time.
1137 1094  #
1138 1095  # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1139 1096  # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1140 1097  # Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1141 1098  # Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1142 1099  # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1143 1100  
1144 1101  # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1145 1102  # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1146 1103  # (Arabic)
1147 1104  # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1148 1105  # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1149 1106  #
1150 1107  # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1151 1108  # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1152 1109  # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1153 1110  
1154 1111  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1155 1112  # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1156 1113  #
1157 1114  # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1158 1115  #
1159 1116  # (in English)
1160 1117  # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1161 1118  #
1162 1119  # (in Arabic)
1163 1120  # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1164 1121  
1165 1122  # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1166 1123  # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1167 1124  # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1168 1125  # concerned by summer time.  Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1169 1126  # unchanged the whole year long."  So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1170 1127  # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1171 1128  
1172 1129  # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1173 1130  # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1174 1131  #
1175 1132  # (translation):
1176 1133  # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1177 1134  # Sunday...
1178 1135  # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1179 1136  # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1180 1137  #
1181 1138  # (in Arabic)
1182 1139  # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1183 1140  # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1184 1141  # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1185 1142  
1186 1143  # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1187 1144  Rule    Tunisia 1939    only    -       Apr     15      23:00s  1:00    S
1188 1145  Rule    Tunisia 1939    only    -       Nov     18      23:00s  0       -
1189 1146  Rule    Tunisia 1940    only    -       Feb     25      23:00s  1:00    S
1190 1147  Rule    Tunisia 1941    only    -       Oct      6       0:00   0       -
1191 1148  Rule    Tunisia 1942    only    -       Mar      9       0:00   1:00    S
1192 1149  Rule    Tunisia 1942    only    -       Nov      2       3:00   0       -
1193 1150  Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Mar     29       2:00   1:00    S
1194 1151  Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Apr     17       2:00   0       -
1195 1152  Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Apr     25       2:00   1:00    S
1196 1153  Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Oct      4       2:00   0       -
1197 1154  Rule    Tunisia 1944    1945    -       Apr     Mon>=1   2:00   1:00    S
1198 1155  Rule    Tunisia 1944    only    -       Oct      8       0:00   0       -
1199 1156  Rule    Tunisia 1945    only    -       Sep     16       0:00   0       -
1200 1157  Rule    Tunisia 1977    only    -       Apr     30       0:00s  1:00    S
1201 1158  Rule    Tunisia 1977    only    -       Sep     24       0:00s  0       -
1202 1159  Rule    Tunisia 1978    only    -       May      1       0:00s  1:00    S
1203 1160  Rule    Tunisia 1978    only    -       Oct      1       0:00s  0       -
1204 1161  Rule    Tunisia 1988    only    -       Jun      1       0:00s  1:00    S
1205 1162  Rule    Tunisia 1988    1990    -       Sep     lastSun  0:00s  0       -
1206 1163  Rule    Tunisia 1989    only    -       Mar     26       0:00s  1:00    S
1207 1164  Rule    Tunisia 1990    only    -       May      1       0:00s  1:00    S
1208 1165  Rule    Tunisia 2005    only    -       May      1       0:00s  1:00    S
1209 1166  Rule    Tunisia 2005    only    -       Sep     30       1:00s  0       -
1210 1167  Rule    Tunisia 2006    2008    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00s  1:00    S
1211 1168  Rule    Tunisia 2006    2008    -       Oct     lastSun  2:00s  0       -
  
    | 
      ↓ open down ↓ | 
    85 lines elided | 
    
      ↑ open up ↑ | 
  
1212 1169  
1213 1170  # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1214 1171  # more precise 0:09:21.
1215 1172  # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1216 1173  # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1217 1174  Zone    Africa/Tunis    0:40:44 -       LMT     1881 May 12
1218 1175                          0:09:21 -       PMT     1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1219 1176                          1:00    Tunisia CE%sT
1220 1177  
1221 1178  # Uganda
1222      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1223      -Zone    Africa/Kampala  2:09:40 -       LMT     1928 Jul
1224      -                        3:00    -       EAT     1930
1225      -                        2:30    -       BEAT    1948
1226      -                        2:45    -       BEAUT   1957
1227      -                        3:00    -       EAT
     1179 +# See Africa/Nairobi.
1228 1180  
1229 1181  # Zambia
1230      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1231      -Zone    Africa/Lusaka   1:53:08 -       LMT     1903 Mar
1232      -                        2:00    -       CAT
1233      -
1234 1182  # Zimbabwe
1235      -# Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1236      -Zone    Africa/Harare   2:04:12 -       LMT     1903 Mar
1237      -                        2:00    -       CAT
     1183 +# See Africa/Maputo.
    
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX