1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
10 #
11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 #
15 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
18 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
19 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
20 #
21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
22 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
23 #
24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
26 # I found in the UCLA library.
27 #
28 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
29 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
30 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
31 #
32 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
33 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
34 #
35 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
36 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
37 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
38 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
39 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
40 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
41 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
42 # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
43 #
48 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
49 #
50 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
51 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
52 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
53 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
54 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
55 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
56 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
57 # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
58 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
59 # until we get more information.
60 #
61 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
62 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
63 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
64 # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
65 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
66 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
67 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
68 # 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
69
70 # Algeria
71 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
72 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
73 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
74 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
75 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
76 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
77 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
78 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
79 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
80 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
81 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
82 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
83 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
84 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
85 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
86 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
87 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
88 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
93 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
94 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
95 # more precise 0:09:21.
96 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
97 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
98 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
101 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
102 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
104 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
105 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
106 1:00 - CET
107
108 # Angola
109 # Benin
110 # See Africa/Lagos.
111
112 # Botswana
113 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
114 # Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
115 # assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
116 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
117 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
118 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
119 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
120 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
121 2:00 - CAT
122
123 # Burkina Faso
124 # See Africa/Abidjan.
125
126 # Burundi
127 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
128 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890
129 2:00 - CAT
130
131 # Cameroon
132 # See Africa/Lagos.
133
134 # Cape Verde
135 #
136 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
137 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
138 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
139 # merely made it official?
140 #
141 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
142 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
143 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
144 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
145 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
146 -1:00 - CVT
147
148 # Central African Republic
149 # See Africa/Lagos.
150
151 # Chad
152 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
153 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
154 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
155 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
156 1:00 - WAT
157
158 # Comoros
159 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
160 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
161 3:00 - EAT
162
163 # Democratic Republic of the Congo
164 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
165 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
166 2:00 - CAT
167 # The above is for the eastern part; see Africa/Lagos for the western part.
168
169 # Republic of the Congo
170 # See Africa/Lagos.
171
172 # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
173 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
174 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
175 0:00 - GMT
176 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
177 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
178 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
179 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
180 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
181 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
182 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
183 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
184 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe
185 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
186
187 # Djibouti
188 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
189 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
190 3:00 - EAT
191
192 ###############################################################################
193
194 # Egypt
195
196 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
197 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
198 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
199 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
200
201 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
202 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
203 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
204 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
205 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
206 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
207 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
208 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
209 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
210 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
299 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
300 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
301 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
302 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
303 # (at least today).
304
305 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
306 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
307 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
308 # Ramadan.
309 #
310 # Arabic translation:
311 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
312 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
313 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
314
315 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
316 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
317 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
318
319 # From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13):
320 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
321
322 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
323 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
324 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
325 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
326 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
327 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
328 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
329 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
330 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
331 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
332 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
333 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
334
335 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
336 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
337 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
338 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
339 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
383 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S
384 Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 -
385 Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S
386 Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 -
387 Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S
388 Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 -
389 Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S
390 Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S
391 Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S
392 Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S
393 Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
394
395 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
396 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
397 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
398
399 # Equatorial Guinea
400 # See Africa/Lagos.
401
402 # Eritrea
403 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
405 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
406 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
407 3:00 - EAT
408
409 # Ethiopia
410 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
411 # Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
412 # 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
413 # 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
414 #
415 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
416 # zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
417 # 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50
418 # was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
419 # anyway.
420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
421 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
422 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
423 3:00 - EAT
424
425 # Gabon
426 # See Africa/Lagos.
427
428 # Gambia
429 # See Africa/Abidjan.
430
431 # Ghana
432 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
433 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
434 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
435 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
436 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
437 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
438 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
439 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
440 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
441 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
442 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
443 0:00 Ghana %s
447
448 # Guinea-Bissau
449 #
450 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
451 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
452 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
453 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
454 #
455 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
456 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
457 -1:00 - WAT 1975
458 0:00 - GMT
459
460 # Kenya
461 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
462 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
463 3:00 - EAT 1930
464 2:30 - BEAT 1940
465 2:45 - BEAUT 1960
466 3:00 - EAT
467
468 # Lesotho
469 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
470 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
471 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
472 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
473 2:00 - SAST
474
475 # Liberia
476 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
477 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
478 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
479 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
480 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
481 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
482 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
483 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
484 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
485 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
486 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
487 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
488 0:00 - GMT
489
490 ###############################################################################
491
492 # Libya
493
528 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
529 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
530 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
531 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
532 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
533 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
534 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
535 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
536 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
537 2:00 - EET 1982
538 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
539 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
540 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
541 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
542 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
543 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
544 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
545 2:00 - EET
546
547 # Madagascar
548 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
549 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
550 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
551 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
552 3:00 - EAT
553
554 # Malawi
555 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
556 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
557 2:00 - CAT
558
559 # Mali
560 # Mauritania
561 # See Africa/Abidjan.
562
563 # Mauritius
564
565 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
566 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
567 # basis....
568 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
569 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
570 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
571
572 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
573 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
574
575 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
576 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
577 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
637 # Our wrap-up:
638 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
639
640 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
641 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
642 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
643 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
644
645 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
646 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
647 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
648 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
649 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
650 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
651 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
652 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
653 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
654 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
655
656 # Mayotte
657 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
658 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
659 3:00 - EAT
660
661 # Morocco
662 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
663
664 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
665 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
666 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
667 #
668 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
669 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
670 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
671 #
672 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
673 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
674
675 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
676 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
677 # Presse:
678 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
679 #
947 # Morocco does.
948 #
949 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
950 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
951 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
952
953 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
954 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
955 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
956
957 # Mozambique
958 #
959 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
960 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
961 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
962 # merely made it official?
963 #
964 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
965 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
966 2:00 - CAT
967
968 # Namibia
969 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
970 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
971
972 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
973 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
974 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
975 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
976 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
977 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
978 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
979 # of the country.
980 #
981 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
982 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
983 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
984
985 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
986 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1014 # Réunion
1015 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1016 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
1017 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time
1018 #
1019 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
1020 #
1021 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
1022 # The following information about them is taken from
1023 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
1024 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1025 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
1026 #
1027 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1028 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1029 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1030 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1031 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1032
1033 # Rwanda
1034 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1035 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
1036 2:00 - CAT
1037
1038 # St Helena
1039 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1040 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1041 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1042 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1043 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1044 # on GMT, says the CIA
1045 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1046
1047 # São Tomé and Príncipe
1048 # Senegal
1049 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1050
1051 # Seychelles
1052 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1053 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1054 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
1055 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1056 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1057 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1058 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1059 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1060 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1061
1062 # Sierra Leone
1063 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1064
1065 # Somalia
1066 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1067 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
1068 3:00 - EAT 1931
1069 2:30 - BEAT 1957
1070 3:00 - EAT
1071
1072 # South Africa
1073 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1074 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1075 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1076 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1077 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1078 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
1079 2:00 SA SAST
1080 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1081 # scientific station since 1947
1082 # no information
1083
1084 # Sudan
1085 #
1086 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1087 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1088 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1089 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1090 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1091 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1092 #
1093 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1094 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1095 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1096 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1097 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1098 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1099 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1100 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1101 3:00 - EAT
1102
1103 # South Sudan
1104 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1105
1106 # Swaziland
1107 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1108 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
1109 2:00 - SAST
1110
1111 # Tanzania
1112 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1113 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
1114 3:00 - EAT 1948
1115 2:45 - BEAUT 1961
1116 3:00 - EAT
1117
1118 # Togo
1119 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1120
1121 # Tunisia
1122
1123 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1124 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1125 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
1126 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1127 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1128 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1129 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1130 # Saturday." (My translation)
1131 #
1132 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1133 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1134 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1135 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1136 # 1h standard time.
1202 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1203 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1204 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1205 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1206 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1207 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1208 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1209 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
1210 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1211 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1212
1213 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1214 # more precise 0:09:21.
1215 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1216 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1217 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
1218 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1219 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
1220
1221 # Uganda
1222 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1223 Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul
1224 3:00 - EAT 1930
1225 2:30 - BEAT 1948
1226 2:45 - BEAUT 1957
1227 3:00 - EAT
1228
1229 # Zambia
1230 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1231 Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar
1232 2:00 - CAT
1233
1234 # Zimbabwe
1235 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1236 Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar
1237 2:00 - CAT
|
1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
10 #
11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 #
16 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 #
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 #
27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30 #
31 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
32 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
33 #
34 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
35 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
36 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
37 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
38 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
39 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
40 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
41 # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
42 #
47 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
48 #
49 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
50 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
51 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
52 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
53 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
54 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
55 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
56 # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
57 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
58 # until we get more information.
59 #
60 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
61 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
62 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
63 # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
64 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
65 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
66 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
67
68 # Algeria
69 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
70 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
71 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
72 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
73 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
74 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
75 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
76 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
77 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
78 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
79 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
80 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
81 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
82 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
83 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
84 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
85 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
86 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
91 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
92 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
93 # more precise 0:09:21.
94 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
95 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
96 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
98 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
99 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
100 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
102 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
104 1:00 - CET
105
106 # Angola
107 # Benin
108 # See Africa/Lagos.
109
110 # Botswana
111 # See Africa/Maputo.
112
113 # Burkina Faso
114 # See Africa/Abidjan.
115
116 # Burundi
117 # See Africa/Maputo.
118
119 # Cameroon
120 # See Africa/Lagos.
121
122 # Cape Verde
123 #
124 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
125 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
126 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
127 # merely made it official?
128 #
129 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
130 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
131 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
132 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
133 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
134 -1:00 - CVT
135
136 # Central African Republic
137 # See Africa/Lagos.
138
139 # Chad
140 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
141 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
142 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
143 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
144 1:00 - WAT
145
146 # Comoros
147 # See Africa/Nairobi.
148
149 # Democratic Republic of the Congo
150 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
151
152 # Republic of the Congo
153 # See Africa/Lagos.
154
155 # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
156 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
157 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
158 0:00 - GMT
159 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
160 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
161 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
162 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
163 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
164 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
165 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
166 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
167 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe
168 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
169
170 # Djibouti
171 # See Africa/Nairobi.
172
173 ###############################################################################
174
175 # Egypt
176
177 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
178 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
179 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
180 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
181
182 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
183 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
184 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
185 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
186 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
187 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
188 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
189 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
190 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
191 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
280 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
281 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
282 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
283 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
284 # (at least today).
285
286 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
287 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
288 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
289 # Ramadan.
290 #
291 # Arabic translation:
292 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
293 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
294 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
295
296 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
297 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
298 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
299
300 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
301 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
302
303 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
304 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
305 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
306 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
307 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
308 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
309 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
310 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
311 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
312 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
313 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
314 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
315
316 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
317 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
318 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
319 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
320 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
364 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S
365 Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 -
366 Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S
367 Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 -
368 Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S
369 Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 -
370 Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S
371 Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S
372 Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S
373 Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S
374 Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
375
376 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
377 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
378 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
379
380 # Equatorial Guinea
381 # See Africa/Lagos.
382
383 # Eritrea
384 # Ethiopia
385 # See Africa/Nairobi.
386
387 # Gabon
388 # See Africa/Lagos.
389
390 # Gambia
391 # See Africa/Abidjan.
392
393 # Ghana
394 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
395 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
396 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
397 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
398 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
399 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
400 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
401 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
402 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
403 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
405 0:00 Ghana %s
409
410 # Guinea-Bissau
411 #
412 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
413 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
414 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
415 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
416 #
417 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
418 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
419 -1:00 - WAT 1975
420 0:00 - GMT
421
422 # Kenya
423 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
424 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
425 3:00 - EAT 1930
426 2:30 - BEAT 1940
427 2:45 - BEAUT 1960
428 3:00 - EAT
429 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
430 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
431 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
432 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
433 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
434 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
435 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
436 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
437 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
438
439 # Lesotho
440 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
441
442 # Liberia
443 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
444 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
445 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
446 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
447 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
448 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
449 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
450 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
451 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
452 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
453 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
454 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
455 0:00 - GMT
456
457 ###############################################################################
458
459 # Libya
460
495 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
496 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
497 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
498 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
499 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
500 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
501 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
502 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
503 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
504 2:00 - EET 1982
505 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
506 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
507 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
508 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
509 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
510 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
511 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
512 2:00 - EET
513
514 # Madagascar
515 # See Africa/Nairobi.
516
517 # Malawi
518 # See Africa/Maputo.
519
520 # Mali
521 # Mauritania
522 # See Africa/Abidjan.
523
524 # Mauritius
525
526 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
527 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
528 # basis....
529 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
530 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
531 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
532
533 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
534 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
535
536 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
537 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
538 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
598 # Our wrap-up:
599 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
600
601 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
602 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
603 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
604 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
605
606 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
607 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
608 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
609 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
610 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
611 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
612 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
613 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
614 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
615 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
616
617 # Mayotte
618 # See Africa/Nairobi.
619
620 # Morocco
621 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
622
623 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
624 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
625 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
626 #
627 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
628 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
629 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
630 #
631 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
632 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
633
634 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
635 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
636 # Presse:
637 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
638 #
906 # Morocco does.
907 #
908 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
909 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
910 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
911
912 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
913 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
914 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
915
916 # Mozambique
917 #
918 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
919 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
920 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
921 # merely made it official?
922 #
923 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
924 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
925 2:00 - CAT
926 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
927 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
928 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
929 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
930 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
931 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
932 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
933
934 # Namibia
935 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
936 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
937
938 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
939 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
940 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
941 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
942 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
943 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
944 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
945 # of the country.
946 #
947 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
948 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
949 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
950
951 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
952 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
980 # Réunion
981 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
982 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
983 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time
984 #
985 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
986 #
987 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
988 # The following information about them is taken from
989 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
990 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
991 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
992 #
993 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
994 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
995 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
996 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
997 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
998
999 # Rwanda
1000 # See Africa/Maputo.
1001
1002 # St Helena
1003 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1004 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1005 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1006 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1007 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1008 # on GMT, says the CIA
1009 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1010
1011 # São Tomé and Príncipe
1012 # Senegal
1013 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1014
1015 # Seychelles
1016 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1017 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1018 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
1019 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1020 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1021 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1022 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1023 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1024 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1025
1026 # Sierra Leone
1027 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1028
1029 # Somalia
1030 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1031
1032 # South Africa
1033 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1034 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1035 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1036 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1037 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1038 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
1039 2:00 SA SAST
1040 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
1041 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
1042 #
1043 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1044 # scientific station since 1947
1045 # no information
1046
1047 # Sudan
1048 #
1049 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1050 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1051 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1052 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1053 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1054 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1055 #
1056 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1057 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1058 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1059 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1060 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1061 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1062 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1063 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1064 3:00 - EAT
1065
1066 # South Sudan
1067 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1068
1069 # Swaziland
1070 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
1071
1072 # Tanzania
1073 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1074
1075 # Togo
1076 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1077
1078 # Tunisia
1079
1080 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1081 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1082 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
1083 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1084 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1085 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1086 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1087 # Saturday." (My translation)
1088 #
1089 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1090 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1091 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1092 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1093 # 1h standard time.
1159 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1160 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1161 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1162 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1163 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1164 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1165 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1166 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
1167 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1168 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1169
1170 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1171 # more precise 0:09:21.
1172 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1173 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1174 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
1175 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1176 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
1177
1178 # Uganda
1179 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1180
1181 # Zambia
1182 # Zimbabwe
1183 # See Africa/Maputo.
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