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  22 .\" Copyright (c) 2003, Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights reserved
  23 .\" Copyright (c) 2012 by Delphix. All rights reserved.
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  25 .TH IOSTAT 1M "Mar 23, 2009"
  26 .SH NAME
  27 iostat \- report I/O statistics
  28 .SH SYNOPSIS
  29 .LP
  30 .nf
  31 \fB/usr/bin/iostat\fR  [\fB-cCdDeEiImMnpPfFrstxXYz\fR] [\fB-l\fR \fIn\fR] [\fB-T\fR u | d]
  32  [\fIdisk\fR]... [\fIinterval\fR [\fIcount\fR]]
  33 .fi
  34 
  35 .SH DESCRIPTION
  36 .sp
  37 .LP
  38 The \fBiostat\fR utility iteratively reports terminal, disk, and tape \fBI/O\fR
  39 activity, as well as \fBCPU\fR utilization. The first line of output is for all
  40 time since boot; each subsequent line is for the prior interval only.
  41 .sp
  42 .LP
  43 To compute this information, the kernel maintains a number of counters. For
  44 each disk, the kernel counts reads, writes, bytes read, and bytes written. The
  45 kernel also takes hi-res time stamps at queue entry and exit points, which
  46 allows it to keep track of the residence time and cumulative residence-length
  47 product for each queue. Using these values, \fBiostat\fR produces highly
  48 accurate measures of throughput, utilization, queue lengths, transaction rates
  49 and service time. For terminals collectively, the kernel simply counts the
  50 number of input and output characters.
  51 .sp
  52 .LP
  53 During execution of the kernel status command, the \fBstate\fR of the system
  54 can change. If relevant, a state change message is included in the \fBiostat\fR
  55 output, in one of the following forms:
  56 .sp
  57 .in +2
  58 .nf
  59 <<device added: sd0>>
  60 <<device removed: sd0>>
  61 <<partition added: sd0,a>>
  62 <<partition removed: sd0,a>>
  63 <<NFS mounted: nfs1>>
  64 <<NFS unmounted: nfs1>>
  65 <<multi-path added: ssd4>>
  66 <<multi-path removed: ssd4>>
  67 <<controller added: c1>>
  68 <<controller removed: c1>>
  69 <<processors added: 1, 3>>
  70 <<processors removed: 1, 3>>
  71 .fi
  72 .in -2
  73 .sp
  74 
  75 .sp
  76 .LP
  77 Note that the \fBnames\fR printed in these state change messages are affected
  78 by the \fB-n\fR and \fB-m\fR options as appropriate.
  79 .sp
  80 .LP
  81 For more general system statistics, use \fBsar\fR(1), \fBsar\fR(1M), or
  82 \fBvmstat\fR(1M).
  83 .SS "Output"
  84 .sp
  85 .LP
  86 The output of the \fBiostat\fR utility includes the following information.
  87 .sp
  88 .ne 2
  89 .na
  90 \fB\fBdevice\fR\fR
  91 .ad
  92 .RS 10n
  93 name of the disk
  94 .RE
  95 
  96 .sp
  97 .ne 2
  98 .na
  99 \fB\fBr/s\fR\fR
 100 .ad
 101 .RS 10n
 102 reads per second
 103 .RE
 104 
 105 .sp
 106 .ne 2
 107 .na
 108 \fB\fBw/s\fR\fR
 109 .ad
 110 .RS 10n
 111 writes per second
 112 .RE
 113 
 114 .sp
 115 .ne 2
 116 .na
 117 \fB\fBkr/s\fR\fR
 118 .ad
 119 .RS 10n
 120 kilobytes read per second
 121 .sp
 122 The average I/O size during the interval can be computed from \fBkr/s\fR
 123 divided by \fBr/s\fR.
 124 .RE
 125 
 126 .sp
 127 .ne 2
 128 .na
 129 \fB\fBkw/s\fR\fR
 130 .ad
 131 .RS 10n
 132 kilobytes written per second
 133 .sp
 134 The average I/O size during the interval can be computed from \fBkw/s\fR
 135 divided by \fBw/s\fR.
 136 .RE
 137 
 138 .sp
 139 .ne 2
 140 .na
 141 \fB\fBwait\fR\fR
 142 .ad
 143 .RS 10n
 144 average number of transactions waiting for service (queue length)
 145 .sp
 146 This is the number of I/O operations held in the device driver queue waiting
 147 for acceptance by the device.
 148 .RE
 149 
 150 .sp
 151 .ne 2
 152 .na
 153 \fB\fBactv\fR\fR
 154 .ad
 155 .RS 10n
 156 average number of transactions actively being serviced (removed from the queue
 157 but not yet completed)
 158 .sp
 159 This is the number of I/O operations accepted, but not yet serviced, by the
 160 device.
 161 .RE
 162 
 163 .sp
 164 .ne 2
 165 .na
 166 \fB\fBsvc_t\fR\fR
 167 .ad
 168 .RS 10n
 169 average response time of transactions, in milliseconds
 170 .sp
 171 The \fBsvc_t\fR output reports the overall \fBresponse\fR time, rather than the
 172 \fBservice\fR time, of a device. The overall time includes the time that
 173 transactions are in queue and the time that transactions are being serviced.
 174 The time spent in queue is shown with the \fB-x\fR option in the \fBwsvc_t\fR
 175 output column. The time spent servicing transactions is the true service time.
 176 Service time is also shown with the \fB-x\fR option and appears in the
 177 \fBasvc_t\fR output column of the same report.
 178 .RE
 179 
 180 .sp
 181 .ne 2
 182 .na
 183 \fB\fB%w\fR\fR
 184 .ad
 185 .RS 10n
 186 percent of time there are transactions waiting for service (queue non-empty)
 187 .RE
 188 
 189 .sp
 190 .ne 2
 191 .na
 192 \fB\fB%b\fR\fR
 193 .ad
 194 .RS 10n
 195 percent of time the disk is busy (transactions in progress)
 196 .RE
 197 
 198 .sp
 199 .ne 2
 200 .na
 201 \fB\fBwsvc_t\fR\fR
 202 .ad
 203 .RS 10n
 204 average service time in wait queue, in milliseconds
 205 .RE
 206 
 207 .sp
 208 .ne 2
 209 .na
 210 \fB\fBasvc_t\fR\fR
 211 .ad
 212 .RS 10n
 213 average service time of active transactions, in milliseconds
 214 .RE
 215 
 216 .SH OPTIONS
 217 .sp
 218 .LP
 219 The following options are supported:
 220 .sp
 221 .ne 2
 222 .na
 223 \fB\fB-c\fR\fR
 224 .ad
 225 .RS 12n
 226 Report the percentage of time the system has spent in user mode, in system
 227 mode, in dtrace probes, and idling. See the NOTES section and
 228 \fBmpstat\fR(1m) for more information.
 229 .RE
 230 
 231 .sp
 232 .ne 2
 233 .na
 234 \fB\fB-C\fR\fR
 235 .ad
 236 .RS 12n
 237 When the \fB-x\fR option is also selected, report extended disk statistics
 238 aggregated by \fIcontroller id\fR.
 239 .RE
 240 
 241 .sp
 242 .ne 2
 243 .na
 244 \fB\fB-d\fR\fR
 245 .ad
 246 .RS 12n
 247 For each disk, report the number of kilobytes transferred per second, the
 248 number of transfers per second, and the average service time in milliseconds.
 249 .RE
 250 
 251 .sp
 252 .ne 2
 253 .na
 254 \fB\fB-D\fR\fR
 255 .ad
 256 .RS 12n
 257 For each disk, report the reads per second, writes per second, and percentage
 258 disk utilization.
 259 .RE
 260 
 261 .sp
 262 .ne 2
 263 .na
 264 \fB\fB-e\fR\fR
 265 .ad
 266 .RS 12n
 267 Display device error summary statistics. The total errors, hard errors, soft
 268 errors, and transport errors are displayed.
 269 .RE
 270 
 271 .sp
 272 .ne 2
 273 .na
 274 \fB\fB-E\fR\fR
 275 .ad
 276 .RS 12n
 277 Display all device error statistics.
 278 .RE
 279 
 280 .sp
 281 .ne 2
 282 .na
 283 \fB\fB-i\fR\fR
 284 .ad
 285 .RS 12n
 286 In \fB-E\fR output, display the \fBDevice ID\fR instead of the \fBSerial No\fR.
 287 The \fBDevice Id\fR is a unique identifier registered by a driver through
 288 \fBddi_devid_register\fR(9F).
 289 .RE
 290 
 291 .sp
 292 .ne 2
 293 .na
 294 \fB\fB-I\fR\fR
 295 .ad
 296 .RS 12n
 297 Report the counts in each interval, rather than rates (where applicable).
 298 .RE
 299 
 300 .sp
 301 .ne 2
 302 .na
 303 \fB\fB-l\fR \fIn\fR\fR
 304 .ad
 305 .RS 12n
 306 Limit the number of disks included in the report to \fIn\fR; the disk limit
 307 defaults to 4 for \fB-d\fR and \fB-D\fR, and unlimited for \fB-x\fR. Note:
 308 disks explicitly requested (see \fIdisk\fR below) are not subject to this disk
 309 limit.
 310 .RE
 311 
 312 .sp
 313 .ne 2
 314 .na
 315 \fB\fB-m\fR\fR
 316 .ad
 317 .RS 12n
 318 Report file system mount points. This option is most useful if the \fB-P\fR or
 319 \fB-p\fR option is also specified or used in conjunction with \fB-Xn\fR or
 320 \fB-en\fR. The \fB-m\fR option is useful only if the mount point is actually
 321 listed in the output. This option can only be used in conjunction with the
 322 \fB-n\fR option.
 323 .RE
 324 
 325 .sp
 326 .ne 2
 327 .na
 328 \fB\fB-M\fR\fR
 329 .ad
 330 .RS 12n
 331 Display data throughput in \fBMB\fR/sec instead of KB/sec.
 332 .RE
 333 
 334 .sp
 335 .ne 2
 336 .na
 337 \fB\fB-n\fR\fR
 338 .ad
 339 .RS 12n
 340 Display names in descriptive format. For example, \fBcXtYdZ\fR, \fBrmt/N\fR,
 341 \fBserver:/export/path\fR.
 342 .sp
 343 By default, disks are identified by instance names such as \fBssd23\fR or
 344 \fBmd301\fR. Combining the \fB-n\fR option with the \fB-x\fR option causes disk
 345 names to display in the \fBcXtYdZsN\fR format which is more easily associated
 346 with physical hardware characteristics. The \fBcXtYdZsN\fR format is
 347 particularly useful in FibreChannel (FC) environments where the FC World Wide
 348 Name appears in the \fBt\fR field.
 349 .RE
 350 
 351 .sp
 352 .ne 2
 353 .na
 354 \fB\fB-p\fR\fR
 355 .ad
 356 .RS 12n
 357 For each disk, report per-partition statistics in addition to per-device
 358 statistics.
 359 .RE
 360 
 361 .sp
 362 .ne 2
 363 .na
 364 \fB\fB-P\fR\fR
 365 .ad
 366 .RS 12n
 367 For each disk, report per-partition statistics only, no per-device statistics.
 368 .RE
 369 
 370 .sp
 371 .ne 2
 372 .na
 373 \fB\fB-f\fR\fR
 374 .ad
 375 .RS 12n
 376 Report ZFS-level statistics for ZFS pool and individual vdevs in addition to
 377 per-device statistics.
 378 .RE
 379 
 380 .sp
 381 .ne 2
 382 .na
 383 \fB\fB-F\fR\fR
 384 .ad
 385 .RS 12n
 386 Report ZFS pool and individual physical vdevs statistics only, no per-device
 387 statistics.
 388 .RE
 389 
 390 .sp
 391 .ne 2
 392 .na
 393 \fB\fB-r\fR\fR
 394 .ad
 395 .RS 12n
 396 Display data in a comma-separated format.
 397 .RE
 398 
 399 .sp
 400 .ne 2
 401 .na
 402 \fB\fB-s\fR\fR
 403 .ad
 404 .RS 12n
 405 Suppress messages related to \fBstate changes\fR.
 406 .RE
 407 
 408 .sp
 409 .ne 2
 410 .na
 411 \fB\fB-t\fR\fR
 412 .ad
 413 .RS 12n
 414 Report the number of characters read and written to terminals per second.
 415 .RE
 416 
 417 .sp
 418 .ne 2
 419 .na
 420 \fB\fB-T\fR u | d\fR
 421 .ad
 422 .RS 12n
 423 Display a time stamp.
 424 .sp
 425 Specify \fBu\fR for a printed representation of the internal representation of
 426 time. See \fBtime\fR(2). Specify \fBd\fR for standard date format. See
 427 \fBdate\fR(1).
 428 .RE
 429 
 430 .sp
 431 .ne 2
 432 .na
 433 \fB\fB-X\fR\fR
 434 .ad
 435 .RS 12n
 436 For disks under \fBscsi_vhci\fR(7D) control, in addition to disk \fIlun\fR
 437 statistics, also report statistics for \fIlun\fR.\fIcontroller\fR.
 438 .RE
 439 
 440 .sp
 441 .ne 2
 442 .na
 443 \fB\fB-x\fR\fR
 444 .ad
 445 .RS 12n
 446 Report extended disk statistics. By default, disks are identified by instance
 447 names such as \fBssd23\fR or \fBmd301\fR. Combining the \fBx\fR option with the
 448 \fB-n\fR option causes disk names to display in the \fBcXtYdZsN\fR format, more
 449 easily associated with physical hardware characteristics. Using the
 450 \fBcXtYdZsN\fR format is particularly helpful in the FibreChannel environments
 451 where the FC World Wide Name appears in the \fBt\fR field.
 452 .sp
 453 If no output display is requested (no \fB-x\fR, \fB-e\fR, \fB-E\fR), \fB-x\fR
 454 is implied.
 455 .RE
 456 
 457 .sp
 458 .ne 2
 459 .na
 460 \fB\fB-Y\fR\fR
 461 .ad
 462 .RS 12n
 463 For disks under \fBscsi_vhci\fR(7D) control, in addition to disk \fIlun\fR
 464 statistics, also report statistics for \fIlun\fR.\fItargetport\fR and
 465 \fIlun\fR.\fItargetport\fR.\fIcontroller\fR.
 466 .sp
 467 In \fB-n\fR (descriptive) mode the \fItargetport\fR is shown in using the
 468 \fBtarget-port\fR property of the path. Without \fB-n\fR the \fItargetport\fR
 469 is shown using the shorter \fBport-id\fR. All target ports with the same
 470 \fBtarget-port\fR property value share the same \fBport-id\fR. The
 471 \fBtarget-port\fR-to-\fBport-id\fR association does not persist across reboot.
 472 .sp
 473 If no output display is requested (no \fB-x\fR, \fB-e\fR, \fB-E\fR), \fB-x\fR
 474 is implied.
 475 .RE
 476 
 477 .sp
 478 .ne 2
 479 .na
 480 \fB\fB-z\fR\fR
 481 .ad
 482 .RS 12n
 483 Do not print lines whose underlying data values are all zeros.
 484 .RE
 485 
 486 .sp
 487 .LP
 488 The option set \fB-xcnCXTdz\fR \fIinterval\fR is particularly useful for
 489 determining whether disk I/O problems exist and for identifying problems.
 490 .SH OPERANDS
 491 .sp
 492 .LP
 493 The following operands are supported:
 494 .sp
 495 .ne 2
 496 .na
 497 \fB\fIcount\fR\fR
 498 .ad
 499 .RS 12n
 500 Display only \fIcount\fR reports.
 501 .RE
 502 
 503 .sp
 504 .ne 2
 505 .na
 506 \fB\fIdisk\fR\fR
 507 .ad
 508 .RS 12n
 509 Explicitly specify the disks to be reported; in addition to any explicit disks,
 510 any active disks up to the disk limit (see \fB-l\fR above) will also be
 511 reported.
 512 .RE
 513 
 514 .sp
 515 .ne 2
 516 .na
 517 \fB\fIinterval\fR\fR
 518 .ad
 519 .RS 12n
 520 Report once each \fIinterval\fR seconds.
 521 .RE
 522 
 523 .SH EXAMPLES
 524 .LP
 525 \fBExample 1 \fRUsing \fBiostat\fR to Generate User and System Operation
 526 Statistics
 527 .sp
 528 .LP
 529 The following command displays two reports of extended device statistics,
 530 aggregated by \fIcontroller id\fR, for user (\fBus\fR) and system (\fBsy\fR)
 531 operations. Because the \fB-n\fR option is used with the \fB-x\fR option,
 532 devices are identified by controller names.
 533 
 534 .sp
 535 .in +2
 536 .nf
 537 example% \fBiostat\fR \fB-xcnCXTdz\fR \fB5\fR
 538 
 539 
 540 Mon Nov 24 14:58:36 2003
 541     cpu
 542  us sy dt id
 543  14 31  0 20
 544                     extended device statistics
 545   r/s    w/s    kr/s      kw wait  actv wsvc_t asvc_t  %w  %b device
 546   3.8   29.9   145.8    44.0  0.0   0.2    0.1    6.4   0   5     c0
 547 666.3  814.8 12577.6 17591.1 91.3  82.3   61.6   55.6   0   2    c12
 548 180.0  234.6  4401.1  5712.6  0.0 147.7    0.0  356.3   0  98    d10
 549 
 550 Mon Nov 24 14:58:41 2003
 551     cpu
 552  us sy dt id
 553  11 31  1 22
 554                     extended device statistics
 555   r/s    w/s    kr/s      kw wait  actv wsvc_t asvc_t  %w  %b device
 556   0.8   41.0     5.2    20.5 0.0    0.2    0.2    4.4   0   6     c0
 557 565.3  581.7  8573.2 10458.9 0.0   26.6    0.0   23.2   0   3    c12
 558 106.5   81.3  3393.2  1948.6 0.0    5.7    0.0   30.1   0  99    d10
 559 .fi
 560 .in -2
 561 .sp
 562 
 563 .LP
 564 \fBExample 2 \fRUsing \fBiostat\fR to Generate TTY Statistics
 565 .sp
 566 .LP
 567 The following command displays two reports on the activity of five disks in
 568 different modes of operation. Because the \fB-x\fR option is used, disks are
 569 identified by instance names.
 570 
 571 .sp
 572 .in +2
 573 .nf
 574 example% \fBiostat\fR \fB-x\fR \fBtc 5 2\fR
 575 
 576 
 577                   extended device statistics        tty         cpu
 578 device r/s  w/s kr/s  kw/s wait actv svc_t %w  %b  tin tout  us sy dt id
 579 sd0    0.4  0.3 10.4   8.0  0.0  0.0  36.9  0   1    0   10   0  0  0 99
 580 sd1    0.0  0.0  0.3   0.4  0.0  0.0  35.0  0   0
 581 sd6    0.0  0.0  0.0   0.0  0.0  0.0   0.0  0   0
 582 nfs1   0.0  0.0  0.0   0.0  0.0  0.0   0.0  0   0
 583 nfs2   0.0  0.0  0.0   0.1  0.0  0.0  35.6  0   0
 584             extended device statistics              tty         cpu
 585 device r/s  w/s  kr/s  kw/s wait actv svc_t %w  %b tin tout  us sy dt id
 586 sd0    0.0  0.0  0.0   0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0   0   0   0  155   0  0  0 100
 587 sd1    0.0  0.0  0.0   0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0   0   0
 588 sd6    0.0  0.0  0.0   0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0   0   0
 589 nfs1   0.0  0.0  0.0   0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0   0   0
 590 nfs2   0.0  0.0  0.0   0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0   0   0
 591 
 592 .fi
 593 .in -2
 594 .sp
 595 
 596 .LP
 597 \fBExample 3 \fRUsing \fBiostat\fR to Generate Partition and Device Statistics
 598 .sp
 599 .LP
 600 The following command generates partition and device statistics for each disk.
 601 Because the \fB-n\fR option is used with the \fB-x\fR option, disks are
 602 identified by controller names.
 603 
 604 .sp
 605 .in +2
 606 .nf
 607 example% \fBiostat -xnp\fR
 608 
 609                 extended device statistics
 610 r/s  w/s  kr/s kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t %w %b device
 611 0.4  0.3  10.4  7.9  0.0  0.0    0.0   36.9  0  1 c0t0d0
 612 0.3  0.3   9.0  7.3  0.0  0.0    0.0   37.2  0  1 c0t0d0s0
 613 0.0  0.0   0.1  0.5  0.0  0.0    0.0   34.0  0  0 c0t0d0s1
 614 0.0  0.0   0.0  0.1  0.0  0.0    0.6   35.0  0  0 fuji:/export/home/user3
 615 .fi
 616 .in -2
 617 .sp
 618 
 619 .LP
 620 \fBExample 4 \fRShow Translation from Instance Name to Descriptive Name
 621 .sp
 622 .LP
 623 The following example illustrates the use of \fBiostat\fR to translate a
 624 specific instance name to a descriptive name.
 625 
 626 .sp
 627 .in +2
 628 .nf
 629 example% \fBiostat -xn sd1\fR
 630                         extended device statistics
 631 r/s    w/s   kr/s   kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t  %w  %b device
 632 0.0    0.0    0.0    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0    0.0   0   0 c8t1d0
 633 .fi
 634 .in -2
 635 .sp
 636 
 637 .LP
 638 \fBExample 5 \fRShow Target Port and Controller Activity for a Specific Disk
 639 .sp
 640 .LP
 641 In the following example, there are four controllers, all connected to the same
 642 target port.
 643 
 644 .sp
 645 .in +2
 646 .nf
 647 # \fBiostat -Y ssd22\fR
 648                     extended device statistics
 649 device          r/s    w/s   kr/s   kw/s wait actv  svc_t  %w  %b
 650 ssd22           0.2    0.0    1.5    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.7   0   0
 651 ssd22.t2        0.2    0.0    1.5    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0   0   0
 652 ssd22.t2.fp0    0.0    0.0    0.4    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0   0   0
 653 ssd22.t2.fp1    0.0    0.0    0.4    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0   0   0
 654 ssd22.t2.fp2    0.0    0.0    0.4    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0   0   0
 655 ssd22.t2.fp3    0.0    0.0    0.4    0.0  0.0  0.0    0.0   0   0
 656 .fi
 657 .in -2
 658 .sp
 659 
 660 .SH ATTRIBUTES
 661 .sp
 662 .LP
 663 See \fBattributes\fR(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
 664 .sp
 665 
 666 .sp
 667 .TS
 668 box;
 669 c | c
 670 l | l .
 671 ATTRIBUTE TYPE  ATTRIBUTE VALUE
 672 _
 673 Interface Stability     See below.
 674 .TE
 675 
 676 .sp
 677 .LP
 678 Invocation is evolving. Human readable output is unstable.
 679 .SH SEE ALSO
 680 .sp
 681 .LP
 682 \fBdate\fR(1), \fBsar\fR(1), \fBsar\fR(1M), \fBmpstat\fR(1M), \fBvmstat\fR(1M),
 683 \fBtime\fR(2), \fBattributes\fR(5), \fBscsi_vhci\fR(7D)
 684 .SH NOTES
 685 .sp
 686 .LP
 687 The sum of \fBCPU\fR utilization might vary slightly from 100 because of
 688 rounding errors in the production of a percentage figure.
 689 .sp
 690 .LP
 691 The \fBsvc_t\fR response time is not particularly significant when the
 692 \fBI/0\fR (\fBr/s\fR+\fBw/s\fR) rates are under 0.5 per second. Harmless spikes
 693 are fairly normal in such cases.
 694 .sp
 695 .LP
 696 The \fBmpstat\fR utility reports the same \fBdt\fR, \fBusr\fR, and \fBsys\fR
 697 statistics. See \fBmpstat\fR(1M) for more information.
 698 .sp
 699 .LP
 700 When executed in a \fBzone\fR and if the pools facility is active,
 701 \fBiostat\fR(1M) will only provide information for those processors in the
 702 processor set of the pool to which the \fBzone\fR is bound.