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NEX-1767 ls is unable to display SIDs
Reviewed by: Gordon Ross <gordon.ross@nexenta.com>
Reviewed by: Evan Layton <evan.layton@nexenta.com>
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--- old/usr/src/man/man1/ls.1.man.txt
+++ new/usr/src/man/man1/ls.1.man.txt
1 1 LS(1) User Commands LS(1)
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5 NAME
6 6 ls - list contents of directory
7 7
8 8 SYNOPSIS
9 9 /usr/bin/ls [-aAbcCdeEfFghHiklLmnopqrRsStuUwvVx1@]
10 10 [-/ c | v] [-% atime | crtime | ctime | mtime | all]
11 11 [--block-size size] [--color[=when]] [--file-type]
12 12 [--si] [--time-style style] [file]...
13 13
14 14
15 15 /usr/xpg4/bin/ls [-aAbcCdeEfFghHiklLmnopqrRsStuUwvVx1@]
16 16 [-/ c | v] [-% atime | crtime | ctime | mtime | all]
17 17 [--block-size size] [--color[=when]] [--file-type]
18 18 [--si] [--time-style style] [file]...
19 19
20 20
21 21 /usr/xpg6/bin/ls [-aAbcCdeEfFghHiklLmnopqrRsStuUwvVx1@]
22 22 [-/ c | v] [-% atime | crtime | ctime | mtime | all]
23 23 [--block-size size] [--color[=when]] [--file-type]
24 24 [--si] [--time-style style] [file]...
25 25
26 26
27 27 DESCRIPTION
28 28 For each file that is a directory, ls lists the contents of the
29 29 directory. For each file that is an ordinary file, ls repeats its name
30 30 and any other information requested. The output is sorted
31 31 alphabetically by default. When no argument is given, the current
32 32 directory (.) is listed. When several arguments are given, the
33 33 arguments are first sorted appropriately, but file arguments appear
34 34 before directories and their contents.
35 35
36 36
37 37 There are three major listing formats. The default format for output
38 38 directed to a terminal is multi-column with entries sorted down the
39 39 columns. The -1 option allows single column output and -m enables
40 40 stream output format. In order to determine output formats for the -C,
41 41 -x, and -m options, ls uses an environment variable, COLUMNS, to
42 42 determine the number of character positions available on one output
43 43 line. If this variable is not set, the terminfo(4) database is used to
44 44 determine the number of columns, based on the environment variable,
45 45 TERM. If this information cannot be obtained, 80 columns are assumed.
46 46 If the -w option is used, the argument overrides any other column
47 47 width.
48 48
49 49
50 50 The mode printed when the -e, -E, -g, -l, -n, -o, -v, -V, or -@ option
51 51 is in effect consists of eleven characters. The first character can be
52 52 one of the following:
53 53
54 54 d
55 55
56 56 The entry is a directory.
57 57
58 58
59 59 D
60 60
61 61 The entry is a door.
62 62
63 63
64 64 l
65 65
66 66 The entry is a symbolic link.
67 67
68 68
69 69 b
70 70
71 71 The entry is a block special file.
72 72
73 73
74 74 c
75 75
76 76 The entry is a character special file.
77 77
78 78
79 79 p
80 80
81 81 The entry is a FIFO (or "named pipe") special file.
82 82
83 83
84 84 P
85 85
86 86 The entry is an event port.
87 87
88 88
89 89 s
90 90
91 91 The entry is an AF_UNIX address family socket.
92 92
93 93
94 94 -
95 95
96 96 The entry is an ordinary file.
97 97
98 98
99 99
100 100 The next 9 characters are interpreted as three sets of three bits each.
101 101 The first set refers to the owner's permissions; the next to
102 102 permissions of others in the user-group of the file; and the last to
103 103 all others. Within each set, the three characters indicate permission
104 104 to read, to write, and to execute the file as a program, respectively.
105 105 For a directory, execute permission is interpreted to mean permission
106 106 to search the directory for a specified file. The character after
107 107 permissions is an ACL or extended attributes indicator. This character
108 108 is an @ if extended attributes are associated with the file and the -@
109 109 option is in effect. Otherwise, this character is a plus sign (+)
110 110 character if a non-trivial ACL is associated with the file or a space
111 111 character if not.
112 112
113 113
114 114 If -/ and/or -% are in effect, then the extended system attributes are
115 115 printed when filesystem supports extended system attributes. The
116 116 display looks as follows:
117 117
118 118 $ls -/ c file
119 119 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 10 14:17 file
120 120 {AHRSadim-u--}
121 121
122 122 $ls -/ v file
123 123 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 10 14:17 file
124 124 {archive,hidden,readonly,system,\
125 125 appendonly,nodump,immutable,av_modified,\
126 126 noav_quarantined,nounlink,nooffline,\
127 127 nosparse}
128 128
129 129 $ls -l -% all file
130 130 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 10 14:17 file
131 131 timestamp: atime Jun 25 12:56:44 2007
132 132 timestamp: ctime May 10 14:20:23 2007
133 133 timestamp: mtime May 10 14:17:56 2007
134 134 timestamp: crtime May 10 14:17:56 2007
135 135
136 136
137 137
138 138
139 139 See the option descriptions of the -/ and -% option for details.
140 140
141 141
142 142 ls -l (the long list) prints its output as follows for the POSIX
143 143 locale:
144 144
145 145 -rwxrwxrwx+ 1 smith dev 10876 May 16 9:42 part2
146 146
147 147
148 148
149 149
150 150 Reading from right to left, you see that the current directory holds
151 151 one file, named part2. Next, the last time that file's contents were
152 152 modified was 9:42 A.M. on May 16. The file contains 10,876 characters,
153 153 or bytes. The owner of the file, or the user, belongs to the group dev
154 154 (perhaps indicating development), and his or her login name is smith.
155 155 The number, in this case 1, indicates the number of links to file part2
156 156 (see cp(1)). The plus sign indicates that there is an ACL associated
157 157 with the file. If the -@ option has been specified, the presence of
158 158 extended attributes supersede the presence of an ACL and the plus sign
159 159 is replaced with an 'at' sign (@). Finally, the dash and letters tell
160 160 you that user, group, and others have permissions to read, write, and
161 161 execute part2.
162 162
163 163
164 164 The execute (x) symbol occupies the third position of the three-
165 165 character sequence. A - in the third position would have indicated a
166 166 denial of execution permissions.
167 167
168 168
169 169 The permissions are indicated as follows:
170 170
171 171 r
172 172
173 173 The file is readable.
174 174
175 175
176 176 w
177 177
178 178 The file is writable.
179 179
180 180
181 181 x
182 182
183 183 The file is executable.
184 184
185 185
186 186 -
187 187
188 188 The indicated permission is not granted.
189 189
190 190
191 191 s
192 192
193 193 The set-user-ID or set-group-ID bit is on, and the corresponding
194 194 user or group execution bit is also on.
195 195
196 196
197 197 S
198 198
199 199 Undefined bit-state (the set-user-ID or set-group-id bit is on and
200 200 the user or group execution bit is off). For group permissions,
201 201 this applies only to non-regular files.
202 202
203 203
204 204 t
205 205
206 206 The 1000 (octal) bit, or sticky bit, is on (see chmod(1)), and
207 207 execution is on.
208 208
209 209
210 210 T
211 211
212 212 The 1000 bit is turned on, and execution is off (undefined bit-
213 213 state).
214 214
215 215
216 216 /usr/bin/ls
217 217 l
218 218
219 219 Mandatory locking occurs during access (on a regular file, the set-
220 220 group-ID bit is on and the group execution bit is off).
221 221
222 222
223 223 /usr/xpg4/bin/ls and /usr/xpg6/bin/ls
224 224 L
225 225
226 226 Mandatory locking occurs during access (on a regular file, the set-
227 227 group-ID bit is on and the group execution bit is off).
228 228
229 229
230 230
231 231 For user and group permissions, the third position is sometimes
232 232 occupied by a character other than x or -. s or S also can occupy this
233 233 position, referring to the state of the set-ID bit, whether it be the
234 234 user's or the group's. The ability to assume the same ID as the user
235 235 during execution is, for example, used during login when you begin as
236 236 root but need to assume the identity of the user you login as.
237 237
238 238
239 239 In the case of the sequence of group permissions, l can occupy the
240 240 third position. l refers to mandatory file and record locking. This
241 241 permission describes a file's ability to allow other files to lock its
242 242 reading or writing permissions during access.
243 243
244 244
245 245 For others permissions, the third position can be occupied by t or T.
246 246 These refer to the state of the sticky bit and execution permissions.
247 247
248 248 Color Output
249 249 If color output is enabled, the environment variable LS_COLORS is
250 250 checked. If it exists, it's contents are used to control the colors
251 251 used to display filenames. If it is not set, a default list of colors
252 252 is used. The format of LS_COLORS is a colon separated list of attribute
253 253 specifications. Each attribute specification is of the format
254 254
255 255 filespec=attr[;attr..]
256 256
257 257
258 258
259 259
260 260 filespec is either of the form *.SUFFIX, for example, *.jar or *.Z, or
261 261 one of the following file types:
262 262
263 263 no
264 264
265 265 Normal file
266 266
267 267
268 268 fi
269 269
270 270 Regular file
271 271
272 272
273 273 di
274 274
275 275 Directory
276 276
277 277
278 278 ln
279 279
280 280 Symbolic link
281 281
282 282
283 283 pi
284 284
285 285 FIFO or named pipe
286 286
287 287
288 288 so
289 289
290 290 Socket
291 291
292 292
293 293 do
294 294
295 295 Door file
296 296
297 297
298 298 bd
299 299
300 300 Block device
301 301
302 302
303 303 cd
304 304
305 305 Character device
306 306
307 307
308 308 ex
309 309
310 310 Execute bit (either user, group, or other) set
311 311
312 312
313 313 po
314 314
315 315 Event port
316 316
317 317
318 318 st
319 319
320 320 Sticky bit set
321 321
322 322
323 323 or
324 324
325 325 Orphaned symlink
326 326
327 327
328 328 sg
329 329
330 330 setgid binary
331 331
332 332
333 333 su
334 334
335 335 setuid binary
336 336
337 337
338 338 ow
339 339
340 340 world writable
341 341
342 342
343 343 tw
344 344
345 345 Sticky bit and world writable
346 346
347 347
348 348
349 349 attr is a semicolon delimited list of color and display attributes
350 350 which are combined to determine the final output color. Any combination
351 351 of attr values can be specified. Possible attr values are:
352 352
353 353 00
354 354
355 355 All attributes off (default terminal color)
356 356
357 357
358 358 01
359 359
360 360 Display text in bold
361 361
362 362
363 363 04
364 364
365 365 Display text with an underscore
366 366
367 367
368 368 05
369 369
370 370 Display text in bold
371 371
372 372
373 373 07
374 374
375 375 Display text with foreground and background colors reversed
376 376
377 377
378 378 08
379 379
380 380 Display using concealed text.
381 381
382 382
383 383
384 384 One of the following values can be chosen. If multiple values are
385 385 specified, the last specified value is used.
386 386
387 387 30
388 388
389 389 Set foreground to black.
390 390
391 391
392 392 31
393 393
394 394 Set foreground to red.
395 395
396 396
397 397 32
398 398
399 399 Set foreground to green.
400 400
401 401
402 402 33
403 403
404 404 Set foreground to yellow.
405 405
406 406
407 407 34
408 408
409 409 Set foreground to blue.
410 410
411 411
412 412 35
413 413
414 414 Set foreground to magenta (purple).
415 415
416 416 Set foreground to .
417 417
418 418
419 419 36
420 420
421 421 Set foreground to cyan.
422 422
423 423
424 424 37
425 425
426 426 Set foreground to white.
427 427
428 428
429 429 39
430 430
431 431 Set foreground to default terminal color.
432 432
433 433
434 434
435 435 One of the following can be specified. If multiple values are
436 436 specified, the last value specified is used.
437 437
438 438 40
439 439
440 440 Set foreground to black.
441 441
442 442
443 443 41
444 444
445 445 Set foreground to red.
446 446
447 447
448 448 42
449 449
450 450 Set foreground to green.
451 451
452 452
453 453 43
454 454
455 455 Set foreground to yellow.
456 456
457 457
458 458 44
459 459
460 460 Set foreground to blue.
461 461
462 462
463 463 45
464 464
465 465 Set foreground to magenta (purple).
466 466
467 467
468 468 46
469 469
470 470 Set foreground to cyan.
471 471
472 472
473 473 47
474 474
475 475 Set foreground to white.
476 476
477 477
478 478 49
479 479
480 480 Set foreground to default terminal color.
481 481
482 482
483 483
484 484 On some terminals, setting the bold attribute causes the foreground
485 485 colors to be high-intensity, that is, brighter. In such cases the low-
486 486 intensity yellow is often displayed as a brown or orange color.
487 487
488 488
489 489 At least one attribute must be listed for a file specification.
490 490
491 491
492 492 The appropriate color codes are chosen by selecting the most specific
493 493 match, starting with the file suffixes and proceeding with the file
494 494 types until a match is found. The no (normal file) type matches any
495 495 file.
496 496
497 497 OPTIONS
498 498 The following options are supported:
499 499
500 500 /usr/bin/ls, /usr/xpg4/bin/ls, and /usr/xpg6/bin/ls
501 501 The following options are supported for all three versions:
502 502
503 503 -a
504 504 --all
505 505
506 506 Lists all entries, including those that begin with a dot (.), which
507 507 are normally not listed.
508 508
509 509
510 510 -A
511 511 --almost-all
512 512
513 513 Lists all entries, including those that begin with a dot (.), with
514 514 the exception of the working directory (.) and the parent directory
515 515 (..).
516 516
517 517
518 518 -b
519 519 --escape
520 520
521 521 Forces printing of non-printable characters to be in the octal \ddd
522 522 notation.
523 523
524 524
525 525 -B
526 526 --ignore-backups
527 527
528 528 Do not display any files ending with a tilde (~).
529 529
530 530
531 531 -c
532 532
533 533 Uses time of last modification of the i-node (file created, mode
534 534 changed, and so forth) for sorting (-t) or printing (-l or -n).
535 535
536 536
537 537 -C
538 538
539 539 Multi-column output with entries sorted down the columns. This is
540 540 the default output format.
541 541
542 542
543 543 -d
544 544
545 545 If an argument is a directory, lists only its name (not its
546 546 contents). Often used with -l to get the status of a directory.
547 547
548 548
549 549 -e
550 550
551 551 The same as -l, except displays time to the second, and with one
552 552 format for all files regardless of age: mmm dd hh:mm:ss yyyy.
553 553
554 554
555 555 -E
556 556
557 557 The same as -l, except displays time to the nanosecond and with one
558 558 format for all files regardless of age: yyyy-mm-dd
559 559 hh:mm:ss.nnnnnnnnn (ISO 8601:2000 format).
560 560
561 561 In addition, this option displays the offset from UTC in ISO
562 562 8601:2000 standard format (+hhmm or -hhmm) or no characters if the
563 563 offset is indeterminable. The offset reflects the appropriate
564 564 standard or alternate offset in force at the file's displayed date
565 565 and time, under the current timezone.
566 566
567 567
568 568 -f
569 569
570 570 Forces each argument to be interpreted as a directory and list the
571 571 name found in each slot. This option turns off -l, -t, -s, -S, and
572 572 -r, and turns on -a. The order is the order in which entries appear
573 573 in the directory.
574 574
575 575
576 576 -F
577 577 --classify
578 578
579 579 Append a symbol after certain types of files to indicate the file
580 580 type. The following symbols are used:
581 581
582 582 /
583 583
584 584 Directory
585 585
586 586
587 587 >
588 588
589 589 Door file
590 590
591 591
592 592 |
593 593
594 594 Named pipe (FIFO)
595 595
596 596
597 597 @
598 598
599 599 Symbolic link
600 600
601 601
602 602 =
603 603
604 604 Socket
605 605
606 606
607 607 *
608 608
609 609 Executable
610 610
611 611
612 612
613 613 -g
614 614
615 615 The same as -l, except that the owner is not printed.
616 616
617 617
618 618 -h
619 619 --human-readable
620 620
621 621 All sizes are scaled to a human readable format, for example, 14K,
622 622 234M, 2.7G, or 3.0T. Scaling is done by repetitively dividing by
623 623 1024. The last --si or -h option determines the divisor used.
624 624
625 625
626 626 -H
627 627 --dereference-command-line
628 628
629 629 If an argument is a symbolic link that references a directory, this
630 630 option evaluates the file information and file type of the
631 631 directory that the link references, rather than those of the link
632 632 itself. However, the name of the link is displayed, rather than the
633 633 referenced directory.
634 634
635 635
636 636 -i
637 637 --inode
638 638
639 639 For each file, prints the i-node number in the first column of the
640 640 report.
641 641
642 642
643 643 -k
644 644
645 645 All sizes are printed in kbytes. Equivalent to --block-size=1024.
646 646
647 647
648 648 -l
649 649
650 650 Lists in long format, giving mode, ACL indication, number of links,
651 651 owner, group, size in bytes, and time of last modification for each
652 652 file (see above). If the file is a special file, the size field
653 653 instead contains the major and minor device numbers. If the time of
654 654 last modification is greater than six months ago, it is shown in
655 655 the format `month date year' for the POSIX locale. When the LC_TIME
656 656 locale category is not set to the POSIX locale, a different format
657 657 of the time field can be used. Files modified within six months
658 658 show `month date time'. If the file is a symbolic link, the
659 659 filename is printed followed by "->" and the path name of the
660 660 referenced file.
661 661
662 662
663 663 -L
664 664 --dereference
665 665
666 666 If an argument is a symbolic link, this option evaluates the file
667 667 information and file type of the file or directory that the link
668 668 references, rather than those of the link itself. However, the name
669 669 of the link is displayed, rather than the referenced file or
670 670 directory.
671 671
672 672
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672 lines elided |
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673 673 -m
674 674
675 675 Streams output format. Files are listed across the page, separated
676 676 by commas.
677 677
678 678
679 679 -n
680 680 --numeric-uid-gid
681 681
682 682 The same as -l, except that the owner's UID and group's GID numbers
683 - are printed, rather than the associated character strings.
683 + are printed, rather than the associated character strings. Files
684 + for which owner and/or group is a Windows Security Identifier
685 + (SID), -n suppresses any lookups for the Windows Name string and
686 + prints only the raw SID. Moreover, a second instance of this flag
687 + (-nn) can be used to further suppress idmapd(1M) lookups of the
688 + file's owner and/or group SID, thus forcing ls into printing the
689 + raw ephemeral numeric identifiers.
684 690
685 691
686 692 -o
687 693 --no-group
688 694
689 695 The same as -l, except that the group is not printed.
690 696
691 697
692 698 -p
693 699
694 700 Puts a slash (/) after each filename if the file is a directory.
695 701
696 702
697 703 -q
698 704 --hide-control-chars
699 705
700 706 Forces printing of non-printable characters in file names as the
701 707 character question mark (?).
702 708
703 709
704 710 -r
705 711 --reverse
706 712
707 713 Reverses the order of sort to get reverse alphabetic, oldest first,
708 714 or smallest file size first as appropriate.
709 715
710 716
711 717 -R
712 718 --recursive
713 719
714 720 Recursively lists subdirectories encountered.
715 721
716 722
717 723 -s
718 724 --size
719 725
720 726 Indicate the total number of file system blocks consumed by each
721 727 file displayed.
722 728
723 729
724 730 -S
725 731
726 732 Sort by file size (in decreasing order) and for files with the same
727 733 size by file name (in increasing alphabetic order) instead of just
728 734 by name.
729 735
730 736
731 737 -t
732 738
733 739 Sorts by time stamp (latest first) instead of by name. The default
734 740 is the last modification time. See -c, -u and -%.
735 741
736 742
737 743 -u
738 744
739 745 Uses time of last access instead of last modification for sorting
740 746 (with the -t option) or printing (with the -l option).
741 747
742 748
743 749 -U
744 750
745 751 Output is unsorted.
746 752
747 753
748 754 -v
749 755
750 756 The same as -l, except that verbose ACL information is displayed as
751 757 well as the -l output. ACL information is displayed even if the
752 758 file or directory doesn't have an ACL.
753 759
754 760
755 761 -V
756 762
757 763 The same as -l, except that compact ACL information is displayed
758 764 after the -l output.
759 765
760 766 The -V option is only applicable to file systems that support NFSv4
761 767 ACLs, such as the Solaris ZFS file system.
762 768
763 769 The format of the displayed ACL is as follows:
764 770
765 771 entry_type : permissions : inheritance_flags : access_type
766 772
767 773
768 774 entry_type is displayed as one of the following:
769 775
770 776 user:username
771 777
772 778 Additional user access for username.
773 779
774 780
775 781 group:groupname
776 782
777 783 Additional group access for group groupname.
778 784
779 785
780 786 owner@
781 787
782 788 File owner.
783 789
784 790
785 791 group@
786 792
787 793 File group owner.
788 794
789 795
790 796 everyone@
791 797
792 798 Everyone access, including file owner and file group owner.
793 799 This is not equivalent to the POSIX other class.
794 800
795 801 The following permissions, supported by the NFSv4 ACL model, are
796 802 displayed by using the -v or -V options:
797 803
798 804 read_data (r)
799 805
800 806 Permission to read the data of a file.
801 807
802 808
803 809 list_directory (r)
804 810
805 811 Permission to list the contents of a directory.
806 812
807 813
808 814 write_data (w)
809 815
810 816 Permission to modify a file's data. anywhere in the file's
811 817 offset range.
812 818
813 819
814 820 add_file (w)
815 821
816 822 Permission to add a new file to a directory.
817 823
818 824
819 825 append_data (p)
820 826
821 827 The ability to modify a file's data, but only starting at EOF.
822 828
823 829
824 830 add_subdirectory (p)
825 831
826 832 Permission to create a subdirectory to a directory.
827 833
828 834
829 835 read_xattr (R)
830 836
831 837 Ability to read the extended attributes of a file.
832 838
833 839
834 840 write_xattr (W)
835 841
836 842 Ability to create extended attributes or write to the extended
837 843 attribute directory.
838 844
839 845
840 846 execute (x)
841 847
842 848 Permission to execute a file.
843 849
844 850
845 851 read_attributes (a)
846 852
847 853 The ability to read basic attributes (non-ACLs) of a file.
848 854
849 855
850 856 write_attributes (A)
851 857
852 858 Permission to change the times associated with a file or
853 859 directory to an arbitrary value.
854 860
855 861
856 862 delete (d)
857 863
858 864 Permission to delete a file.
859 865
860 866
861 867 delete_child (D)
862 868
863 869 Permission to delete a file within a directory.
864 870
865 871
866 872 read_acl (c)
867 873
868 874 Permission to read the ACL of a file.
869 875
870 876
871 877 write_acl (C)
872 878
873 879 Permission to write the ACL of a file.
874 880
875 881
876 882 write_owner (o)
877 883
878 884 Permission to change the owner of a file.
879 885
880 886
881 887 synchronize (s)
882 888
883 889 Permission to access file locally at server with synchronize
884 890 reads and writes.
885 891
886 892
887 893 -
888 894
889 895 No permission granted
890 896
891 897 The following inheritance flags, supported by the NFSv4 ACL model,
892 898 are displayed by using the -v or -V options:
893 899
894 900 file_inherit (f)
895 901
896 902 Inherit to all newly created files.
897 903
898 904
899 905 dir_inherit (d)
900 906
901 907 Inherit to all newly created directories.
902 908
903 909
904 910 inherit_only (i)
905 911
906 912 When placed on a directory, do not apply to the directory, only
907 913 to newly created files and directories. This flag requires that
908 914 either file_inherit and or dir_inherit is also specified.
909 915
910 916
911 917 no_propagate (n)
912 918
913 919 Indicates that ACL entries should be inherited to objects in a
914 920 directory, but inheritance should stop after descending one
915 921 level. This flag is dependent upon either file_inherit and or
916 922 dir_inherit also being specified.
917 923
918 924
919 925 successful_access (S)
920 926
921 927 Indicates whether an alarm or audit record should be initiated
922 928 upon successful accesses. Used with audit/alarm ACE types.
923 929
924 930
925 931 failed_access (F)
926 932
927 933 Indicates whether an alarm or audit record should be initiated
928 934 when access fails. Used with audit/alarm ACE types.
929 935
930 936
931 937 inherited (I)
932 938
933 939 ACE was inherited.
934 940
935 941
936 942 -
937 943
938 944 No permission granted.
939 945
940 946 access_type is displayed as one of the following types:
941 947
942 948 alarm
943 949 Permission field that specifies permissions that should
944 950 trigger an alarm.
945 951
946 952
947 953 allow
948 954 Permission field that specifies allow permissions.
949 955
950 956
951 957 audit
952 958 Permission field that specifies permissions that should be
953 959 audited.
954 960
955 961
956 962 deny
957 963 Permission field that specifies deny permissions.
958 964
959 965 For example:
960 966
961 967 $ ls -dV /sandbox/dir.1
962 968 drwxr-xr-x+ 2 root root 2 Jan 17 15:09 dir.1
963 969 user:marks:r-------------:fd-----:allow
964 970 owner@:--------------:-------:deny
965 971 owner@:rwxp---A-W-Co-:-------:allow
966 972 group@:-w-p----------:-------:deny
967 973 group@:r-x-----------:-------:allow
968 974 everyone@:-w-p---A-W-Co-:-------:deny
969 975 everyone@:r-x---a-R-c--s:-------:allow
970 976 $
971 977 ||||||||||||||||:||||||+ inherited access
972 978 ||||||||||||||:||||||+ failed access
973 979 ||||||||||||||:|||||+--success access
974 980 ||||||||||||||:||||+-- no propagate
975 981 ||||||||||||||:|||+--- inherit only
976 982 ||||||||||||||:||+---- directory inherit
977 983 ||||||||||||||:|+----- file inherit
978 984 ||||||||||||||
979 985 ||||||||||||||+ sync
980 986 |||||||||||||+- change owner
981 987 ||||||||||||+-- write ACL
982 988 |||||||||||+--- read ACL
983 989 ||||||||||+---- write extended attributes
984 990 |||||||||+----- read extended attributes
985 991 ||||||||+------ write attributes
986 992 |||||||+------- read attributes
987 993 ||||||+-------- delete child
988 994 |||||+--------- delete
989 995 ||||+---------- append
990 996 |||+----------- execute
991 997 ||+------------ write data
992 998 |+------------- read data
993 999
994 1000
995 1001
996 1002
997 1003 -w cols
998 1004 --width cols
999 1005
1000 1006 Multi-column output where the column width is forced to cols.
1001 1007
1002 1008
1003 1009 -x
1004 1010
1005 1011 Multi-column output with entries sorted across rather than down the
1006 1012 page.
1007 1013
1008 1014
1009 1015 -1
1010 1016
1011 1017 Prints one entry per line of output.
1012 1018
1013 1019
1014 1020 -@
1015 1021
1016 1022 The same as -l, except that extended attribute information
1017 1023 overrides ACL information. An @ is displayed after the file
1018 1024 permission bits for files that have extended attributes.
1019 1025
1020 1026
1021 1027 -/ c | v
1022 1028
1023 1029 The same as -l, and in addition displays the extended system
1024 1030 attributes associated with the file when extended system attributes
1025 1031 are fully supported by the underlying file system. The option -/
1026 1032 supports two option arguments c (compact mode) and v (verbose
1027 1033 mode).
1028 1034
1029 1035 appendonly
1030 1036
1031 1037 Allows a file to be modified only at offset EOF. Attempts to
1032 1038 modify a file at a location other than EOF fails with EPERM.
1033 1039
1034 1040
1035 1041 archive
1036 1042
1037 1043 Indicates if a file has been modified since it was last backed
1038 1044 up. Whenever the modification time (mtime) of a file is changed
1039 1045 the archive attribute is set.
1040 1046
1041 1047
1042 1048 av_modified
1043 1049
1044 1050 ZFS sets the anti-virus attribute which whenever a file's
1045 1051 content or size changes or when the file is renamed.
1046 1052
1047 1053
1048 1054 av_quarantined
1049 1055
1050 1056 Anti-virus software sets to mark a file as quarantined.
1051 1057
1052 1058
1053 1059 crtime
1054 1060
1055 1061 Timestamp when a file is created.
1056 1062
1057 1063
1058 1064 hidden
1059 1065
1060 1066 Marks a file as hidden.
1061 1067
1062 1068
1063 1069 immutable
1064 1070
1065 1071 Prevents the content of a file from being modified. Also
1066 1072 prevents all metadata changes, except for access time updates.
1067 1073 When placed on a directory, prevents the deletion and creation
1068 1074 of files in the directories. Attempts to modify the content of
1069 1075 a file or directory marked as immutable fail with EPERM.
1070 1076 Attempts to modify any attributes (with the exception of access
1071 1077 time and, with the proper privileges, the immutable) of a file
1072 1078 marked as immutable fails with EPERM.
1073 1079
1074 1080
1075 1081 nodump
1076 1082
1077 1083 Solaris systems have no special semantics for this attribute.
1078 1084
1079 1085
1080 1086 nounlink
1081 1087
1082 1088 Prevents a file from being deleted. On a directory, the
1083 1089 attribute also prevents any changes to the contents of the
1084 1090 directory. That is, no files within the directory can be
1085 1091 removed or renamed. The errno EPERM is returned when attempting
1086 1092 to unlink or rename files and directories that are marked as
1087 1093 nounlink.
1088 1094
1089 1095
1090 1096 offline
1091 1097
1092 1098 Indicate that a file is offline. Solaris systems have no
1093 1099 special semantics for this attribute.
1094 1100
1095 1101
1096 1102 readonly
1097 1103
1098 1104 Marks a file as readonly. Once a file is marked as readonly the
1099 1105 content data of the file cannot be modified. Other metadata for
1100 1106 the file can still be modified.
1101 1107
1102 1108
1103 1109 sparse
1104 1110
1105 1111 Indicate that a file can be interpreted as sparse. It does not
1106 1112 indicate that the file is actually sparse or not. The sparse
1107 1113 attribute is cleared when the file is truncated to zero length.
1108 1114 Solaris systems have no other special semantics for this
1109 1115 attribute.
1110 1116
1111 1117
1112 1118 system
1113 1119
1114 1120 Solaris systems have no special semantics for this attribute.
1115 1121
1116 1122
1117 1123
1118 1124
1119 1125 The display characters used in compact mode (-/ c) are as follows:
1120 1126
1121 1127 Attribute Name Display
1122 1128 archive A
1123 1129 hidden H
1124 1130 readonly R
1125 1131 system S
1126 1132 appendonly a
1127 1133 nodump d
1128 1134 immutable i
1129 1135 av_modified m
1130 1136 av_quarantined q
1131 1137 nounlink u
1132 1138 offline O
1133 1139 sparse s
1134 1140
1135 1141
1136 1142
1137 1143
1138 1144 The display in verbose mode (-/ v) uses full attribute names when it is
1139 1145 set and the name prefixed by 'no' when it is not set.
1140 1146
1141 1147
1142 1148 The attribute name crtime and all other timestamps are handled by the
1143 1149 option -% with the respective timestamp option arguments and also with
1144 1150 all option argument. The display positions are as follows: The display
1145 1151 in verbose mode (-/ v) uses full attribute names when it is set and
1146 1152 the name prefixed by no when it is not set. The attribute name crtime
1147 1153 and all other timestamps are handled by the option -% with the
1148 1154 respective timestamp option arguments and also with all option
1149 1155 argument.
1150 1156
1151 1157
1152 1158 The display positions are as follows:
1153 1159
1154 1160 {||||||||||||}
1155 1161 |||||||||||+- s (sparse)
1156 1162 ||||||||||+-- O (offline)
1157 1163 |||||||||+--- u (nounlink)
1158 1164 ||||||||+---- q (av_quarantined)
1159 1165 |||||||+----- m (av_modified)
1160 1166 ||||||+------ i (immutable)
1161 1167 |||||+------- d (nodump)
1162 1168 ||||+-------- a (appendonly)
1163 1169 |||+--------- S (system)
1164 1170 ||+---------- R (readonly)
1165 1171 |+----------- H (hidden)
1166 1172 +------------ A (archive)
1167 1173
1168 1174
1169 1175
1170 1176 -% atime | crtime | ctime | mtime | all
1171 1177
1172 1178
1173 1179
1174 1180 atime
1175 1181
1176 1182 Equivalent to -u.
1177 1183
1178 1184
1179 1185 crtime
1180 1186
1181 1187 Uses the creation time of the file for sorting or printing.
1182 1188
1183 1189
1184 1190 ctime
1185 1191
1186 1192 Equivalent to -c.
1187 1193
1188 1194
1189 1195 mtime
1190 1196
1191 1197 Uses the last modification time of the file contents for sorting or
1192 1198 printing.
1193 1199
1194 1200
1195 1201
1196 1202 If extended system attributes are not supported or if the user does not
1197 1203 have read permission on the file or if the crtime extended attribute is
1198 1204 not set, crtime is treated as a synonym for mtime.
1199 1205
1200 1206
1201 1207 When option argument all is specified, all available timestamps are
1202 1208 printed which includes atime, ctime, mtime and on the extended system
1203 1209 attribute supporting file systems, crtime (create time). The option -%
1204 1210 all does not effect which timestamp is displayed in long format and
1205 1211 does not affect sorting.
1206 1212
1207 1213 --block-size size
1208 1214
1209 1215 Display sizes in multiples of size. Size can be scaled by suffixing
1210 1216 one of YyZzEePpTtGgMmKk. Additionally, a B can be placed at the end
1211 1217 to indicate powers of 10 instead of 2. For example, . 10mB means
1212 1218 blocks of 10000000 bytes while 10m means blocks of 10*2^20 --
1213 1219 10485760 -- bytes. This is mutually exclusive with the -h option.
1214 1220
1215 1221
1216 1222 --color [=when]
1217 1223 --colour[=when]
1218 1224
1219 1225 Display filenames using color on color-capable terminals. when is
1220 1226 an optional argument that determines when to display color output.
1221 1227
1222 1228 Possible values for when are:
1223 1229
1224 1230 always
1225 1231 yes
1226 1232 force
1227 1233
1228 1234 Always use color.
1229 1235
1230 1236
1231 1237 auto
1232 1238 tty
1233 1239 if-tty
1234 1240
1235 1241 Use color if a terminal is present.
1236 1242
1237 1243
1238 1244 no
1239 1245 never
1240 1246 none
1241 1247
1242 1248 Never use color. This is the default
1243 1249
1244 1250 See COLOR OUTPUT for information on how to control the output
1245 1251 colors.
1246 1252
1247 1253
1248 1254 --file-type
1249 1255
1250 1256 Display a suffix after a file depending on it's type, similar to
1251 1257 the -F option, except * is not appended to executable files.
1252 1258
1253 1259
1254 1260 -si
1255 1261 --
1256 1262
1257 1263 Display human scaled sizes similar to the -h option, except values
1258 1264 are repeatedly divided by 1000 instead of 1024. The last option
1259 1265 --si or -h determines the divisor used.
1260 1266
1261 1267
1262 1268 --time-style style
1263 1269
1264 1270 Display times using the specified style. This does not effect the
1265 1271 times displayed for extended attributes (-%).
1266 1272
1267 1273 Possible values for style are:
1268 1274
1269 1275 full-iso
1270 1276
1271 1277 Equivalent to -E.
1272 1278
1273 1279
1274 1280 long-iso
1275 1281
1276 1282 Display in YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM for all files.
1277 1283
1278 1284
1279 1285 iso
1280 1286
1281 1287 Display older files using YYYY-MM-DD and newer files with MM-DD
1282 1288 HH:MM.
1283 1289
1284 1290
1285 1291 locale
1286 1292
1287 1293 Use the default locale format for old and new files. This is
1288 1294 the default.
1289 1295
1290 1296
1291 1297 +FORMAT
1292 1298
1293 1299 Use a custom format. Values are the same as described in
1294 1300 strftime(3C). If a NEWLINE appears in the string, the first
1295 1301 line is used for older files and the second line is used for
1296 1302 newer files. Otherwise, the given format is used for all files.
1297 1303
1298 1304
1299 1305
1300 1306 /usr/bin/ls
1301 1307 -F
1302 1308
1303 1309 Marks directories with a trailing slash (/), doors with a trailing
1304 1310 greater-than sign (>), executable files with a trailing asterisk
1305 1311 (*), FIFOs with a trailing vertical bar (|), symbolic links with a
1306 1312 trailing "at" sign (@), and AF_UNIX address family sockets with a
1307 1313 trailing equals sign (=). Follows symlinks named as operands.
1308 1314
1309 1315
1310 1316 --file-type
1311 1317
1312 1318 Marks entries as with -F with the exception of executable files.
1313 1319 Executable files are not marked. Follows symlinks named as
1314 1320 operands.
1315 1321
1316 1322
1317 1323
1318 1324 Specifying more than one of the options in the following mutually
1319 1325 exclusive pairs is not considered an error: -C and -l (ell), -m and -l
1320 1326 (ell), -x and -l (ell), -@ and -l (ell). The -l option overrides the
1321 1327 other option specified in each pair.
1322 1328
1323 1329
1324 1330 Specifying more than one of the options in the following mutually
1325 1331 exclusive groups is not considered an error: -C and -1 (one), -H and
1326 1332 -L, -c and -u, and -e and -E, and -t and -S. The last option specifying
1327 1333 a specific timestamp (-c, -u, -% atime , -% crtime, -% ctime, and -%
1328 1334 mtime) determines the timestamps used for sorting or in long format
1329 1335 listings. The last option -t, -S, or -U determines the sorting
1330 1336 behavior.
1331 1337
1332 1338 /usr/xpg4/bin/ls
1333 1339 -F
1334 1340
1335 1341 Marks directories with a trailing slash (/), doors with a trailing
1336 1342 greater-than sign (>), executable files with a trailing asterisk
1337 1343 (*), FIFOs with a trailing vertical bar (|), symbolic links with a
1338 1344 trailing "at" sign (@), and AF_UNIX address family sockets with a
1339 1345 trailing equals sign (=). Follows symlinks named as operands.
1340 1346
1341 1347
1342 1348 --file-type
1343 1349
1344 1350 Marks entries as with -F with the exception of executable files.
1345 1351 Executable files are not marked. Follows symlinks named as
1346 1352 operands.
1347 1353
1348 1354
1349 1355
1350 1356 Specifying more than one of the options in the following groups of
1351 1357 mutually exclusive options is not considered an error: -C and -l (ell),
1352 1358 -m and -l (ell), -x and -l (ell), -@ and -l (ell), -C and -1 (one), -H
1353 1359 and -L, -c and -u, -e and -E, -t and -S and -U. The last option
1354 1360 specifying a specific timestamp (-c, -u, -% atime , -% crtime, -%
1355 1361 ctime, and -% mtime) determines the timestamps used for sorting or in
1356 1362 long format listings. The last -t, -S, or -U option determines the
1357 1363 sorting behavior.
1358 1364
1359 1365 /usr/xpg6/bin/ls
1360 1366 -F
1361 1367
1362 1368 Marks directories with a trailing slash (/), doors with a trailing
1363 1369 greater-than sign (>), executable files with a trailing asterisk
1364 1370 (*), FIFOs with a trailing vertical bar (|), symbolic links with a
1365 1371 trailing "at" sign (@), and AF_UNIX address family sockets with a
1366 1372 trailing equals sign (=). Does not follow symlinks named as
1367 1373 operands unless the -H or -L option is specified.
1368 1374
1369 1375
1370 1376 --file-type
1371 1377
1372 1378 Marks entries as with -F with the exception of executable files.
1373 1379 Executable files are not marked. Does not follow symlinks named as
1374 1380 operands unless the -H or -L option is specified.
1375 1381
1376 1382
1377 1383
1378 1384 Specifying more than one of the options in the following mutually
1379 1385 exclusive pairs is not considered an error: -C and -l (ell), m and
1380 1386 -l(ell), -x and -l (ell), -@ and -l (ell), -C and -1 (one), -H and --L,
1381 1387 -c and -u, -e and -E, -t and -S and -U. The last option specifying a
1382 1388 specific timestamp (-c, -u, -% atime , -% crtime, -% ctime, and -%
1383 1389 mtime) determines the timestamps used for sorting or in long format
1384 1390 listings. The last -t, -S, or -U option determines the sorting
1385 1391 behavior.
1386 1392
1387 1393 OPERANDS
1388 1394 The following operand is supported:
1389 1395
1390 1396 file
1391 1397
1392 1398 A path name of a file to be written. If the file specified is not
1393 1399 found, a diagnostic message is output on standard error.
1394 1400
1395 1401
1396 1402 USAGE
1397 1403 See largefile(5) for the description of the behavior of ls when
1398 1404 encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte ( 2^31 bytes).
1399 1405
1400 1406 EXAMPLES
1401 1407 Example 1 Viewing File Permissions
1402 1408
1403 1409
1404 1410 The following example shows how to display detailed information about a
1405 1411 file.
1406 1412
1407 1413
1408 1414 % ls -l file.1
1409 1415 -rw-r--r-- 1 gozer staff 206663 Mar 14 10:15 file.1
1410 1416
1411 1417
1412 1418
1413 1419
1414 1420 The permissions string above (-rw-r--r--) describes that the file owner
1415 1421 has read and write permissions, the owning group has read permissions,
1416 1422 and others have read permissions.
1417 1423
1418 1424
1419 1425
1420 1426 The following example shows how to display detailed information about a
1421 1427 directory.
1422 1428
1423 1429
1424 1430 % ls -ld test.dir
1425 1431 drwxr-xr-x 2 gozer staff 2 Mar 14 10:17 test.dir
1426 1432
1427 1433
1428 1434
1429 1435
1430 1436 The permissions string above (drwxr-xr-x) describes that the directory
1431 1437 owner has read, write, and search permissions, the owning group has
1432 1438 read and search permissions, and others have read and search
1433 1439 permissions.
1434 1440
1435 1441
1436 1442
1437 1443 Another example of listing file permissions is as follows:
1438 1444
1439 1445
1440 1446 % ls -l file.2
1441 1447 -rw-rwl--- 1 gozer staff 206663 Mar 14 10:47 file.2
1442 1448
1443 1449
1444 1450
1445 1451
1446 1452 The permissions string above (-rw-rwl---) describes that the file owner
1447 1453 has read and write permissions, the owning group has read and write
1448 1454 permissions, and the file can be locked during access.
1449 1455
1450 1456
1451 1457 Example 2 Displaying ACL Information on Files and Directories
1452 1458
1453 1459
1454 1460 The following example shows how to display verbose ACL information on a
1455 1461 ZFS file.
1456 1462
1457 1463
1458 1464 % ls -v file.1
1459 1465 -rw-r--r-- 1 marks staff 206663 Mar 14 10:15 file.1
1460 1466 0:owner@:execute:deny
1461 1467 1:owner@:read_data/write_data/append_data/write_xattr/write_attributes
1462 1468 /write_acl/write_owner:allow
1463 1469 2:group@:write_data/append_data/execute:deny
1464 1470 3:group@:read_data:allow
1465 1471 4:everyone@:write_data/append_data/write_xattr/execute/write_attributes
1466 1472 /write_acl/write_owner:deny
1467 1473 5:everyone@:read_data/read_xattr/read_attributes/read_acl/synchronize
1468 1474 :allow
1469 1475
1470 1476
1471 1477
1472 1478
1473 1479 The following example shows how to display compact ACL information on a
1474 1480 ZFS directory.
1475 1481
1476 1482
1477 1483 % ls -dV test.dir
1478 1484 drwxr-xr-x 2 marks staff 2 Mar 14 10:17 test.dir
1479 1485 owner@:--------------:------:deny
1480 1486 owner@:rwxp---A-W-Co-:------:allow
1481 1487 group@:-w-p----------:------:deny
1482 1488 group@:r-x-----------:------:allow
1483 1489 everyone@:-w-p---A-W-Co-:------:deny
1484 1490 everyone@:r-x---a-R-c--s:------:allow
1485 1491
1486 1492
1487 1493
1488 1494
1489 1495 The following example illustrates the ls -v behavior when listing ACL
1490 1496 information on a UFS file.
1491 1497
1492 1498
1493 1499 $ ls -v file.3
1494 1500 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2703 Mar 14 10:59 file.3
1495 1501 0:user::rw-
1496 1502 1:group::r-- #effective:r--
1497 1503 2:mask:r--
1498 1504 3:other:r--
1499 1505
1500 1506
1501 1507
1502 1508 Example 3 Printing the Names of All Files
1503 1509
1504 1510
1505 1511 The following example prints the names of all files in the current
1506 1512 directory, including those that begin with a dot (.), which normally do
1507 1513 not print:
1508 1514
1509 1515
1510 1516 example% ls -a
1511 1517
1512 1518
1513 1519
1514 1520 Example 4 Providing File Information
1515 1521
1516 1522
1517 1523 The following example provides file information:
1518 1524
1519 1525
1520 1526 example% ls -aisn
1521 1527
1522 1528
1523 1529
1524 1530
1525 1531 This command provides information on all files, including those that
1526 1532 begin with a dot (a), the i-number, the memory address of the i-node
1527 1533 associated with the file--printed in the left-hand column (i); the size
1528 1534 (in blocks) of the files, printed in the column to the right of the i-
1529 1535 numbers (s); finally, the report is displayed in the numeric version of
1530 1536 the long list, printing the UID (instead of user name) and GID (instead
1531 1537 of group name) numbers associated with the files.
1532 1538
1533 1539
1534 1540
1535 1541 When the sizes of the files in a directory are listed, a total count of
1536 1542 blocks, including indirect blocks, is printed.
1537 1543
1538 1544
1539 1545 Example 5 Providing Extended System Attributes Information
1540 1546
1541 1547 example% ls -/ c file (extended system attribute in compact mode)
1542 1548 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 10 14:17 file
1543 1549 {AHRSadim-u--}
1544 1550
1545 1551
1546 1552
1547 1553
1548 1554 In this example, av_quarantined, offline, and sparse are not set.
1549 1555
1550 1556 example% ls -/ v file (extended system attribute in verbose mode)
1551 1557 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 10 14:17 file
1552 1558 {archive,hidden,readonly,system,\
1553 1559 appendonly,nodump,immutable,av_modified,\
1554 1560 noav_quarantined,nounlink,nooffline,\
1555 1561 nosparse}
1556 1562
1557 1563 example% ls -/ v file (no extended system attribute)
1558 1564 -rw-r--r-- 1 root staff 0 May 16 14:48 file
1559 1565 {}
1560 1566
1561 1567 example% ls -/ c file (extended system attribute
1562 1568 supported file system)
1563 1569
1564 1570 -rw-r--r-- 1 root staff 3 Jun 4 22:04 file
1565 1571 {A------m----}
1566 1572
1567 1573
1568 1574
1569 1575
1570 1576 archive and av_modified attributes are set by default on an extended
1571 1577 system attribute supported file.
1572 1578
1573 1579 example% ls -/ c -%crtime file
1574 1580
1575 1581 -rw-r--r-- root root 0 May 10 14:17 file
1576 1582 {AHRSadim-u--}
1577 1583
1578 1584
1579 1585
1580 1586
1581 1587 This example displays the timestamp as the creation time:
1582 1588
1583 1589 example% ls -l -%all file
1584 1590 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 10 14:17 file
1585 1591 timestamp: atime Jun 14 08:47:37 2007
1586 1592 timestamp: ctime May 10 14:20:23 2007
1587 1593 timestamp: mtime May 10 14:17:56 2007
1588 1594 timestamp: crtime May 10 14:17:56 2007
1589 1595
1590 1596 example% ls -%crtime -tl file*
1591 1597
1592 1598 -rw-r--r-- 1 foo staff 3 Jun 4 22:04 file1
1593 1599 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 10 14:17 file
1594 1600 -rw-r--r-- 1 foo staff 0 May 9 13:49 file.1
1595 1601
1596 1602
1597 1603
1598 1604
1599 1605 In this example the files are sorted by creation time.
1600 1606
1601 1607 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
1602 1608 See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables
1603 1609 that affect the execution of ls: LANG, LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE,
1604 1610 LC_TIME, LC_MESSAGES, NLSPATH, and TZ.
1605 1611
1606 1612 COLUMNS
1607 1613
1608 1614 Determines the user's preferred column position width for writing
1609 1615 multiple text-column output. If this variable contains a string
1610 1616 representing a decimal integer, the ls utility calculates how many
1611 1617 path name text columns to write (see -C) based on the width
1612 1618 provided. If COLUMNS is not set or is invalid, 80 is used. The
1613 1619 column width chosen to write the names of files in any given
1614 1620 directory is constant. File names are not be truncated to fit into
1615 1621 the multiple text-column output.
1616 1622
1617 1623
1618 1624 LS_COLORS
1619 1625
1620 1626 Determines the coloring scheme used when displaying color output.
1621 1627 If not set and color output is specified, a default scheme is used.
1622 1628 If TERM is not set, no color output is used.
1623 1629
1624 1630
1625 1631 TERM
1626 1632
1627 1633 Determine the terminal type. If this variable is unset or NULL, no
1628 1634 color output is generated regardless of the value of the --color
1629 1635 option.
1630 1636
1631 1637
1632 1638 EXIT STATUS
1633 1639 0
1634 1640 All information was written successfully.
1635 1641
1636 1642
1637 1643 >0
1638 1644 An error occurred.
1639 1645
1640 1646
1641 1647 FILES
1642 1648 /etc/group
1643 1649
1644 1650 group IDs for ls -l and ls -g
1645 1651
1646 1652
1647 1653 /etc/passwd
1648 1654
1649 1655 user IDs for ls -l and ls -o
1650 1656
1651 1657
1652 1658 /usr/share/lib/terminfo/?/*
1653 1659
1654 1660 terminal information database
1655 1661
1656 1662
1657 1663 ATTRIBUTES
1658 1664 See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
1659 1665
1660 1666 /usr/bin/ls
1661 1667
1662 1668 +--------------------+-----------------+
1663 1669 | ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
1664 1670 +--------------------+-----------------+
1665 1671 |CSI | Enabled |
1666 1672 +--------------------+-----------------+
1667 1673 |Interface Stability | Committed |
1668 1674 +--------------------+-----------------+
1669 1675 |Standard | See below. |
1670 1676 +--------------------+-----------------+
1671 1677
1672 1678
1673 1679 For all options except -A, -b, -e, -E, -h, -S, U -v, -V, -@, -/, -%,
1674 1680 --all, --almost-all, --block-size, --classify, --color, --colour,
1675 1681 --dereference, --dereference-command-line, --escape, --file-type,
1676 1682 --full-time, --human-readable, --ignore-backups, --inode, --no-group,
1677 1683 --numeric-uid-gid, --reverse, --recursive, --si, --size, and --time-
1678 1684 style, see standards(5).
1679 1685
1680 1686 /usr/xpg4/bin/ls
1681 1687
1682 1688 +--------------------+-----------------+
1683 1689 | ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
1684 1690 +--------------------+-----------------+
1685 1691 |CSI | Enabled |
1686 1692 +--------------------+-----------------+
1687 1693 |Interface Stability | Committed |
1688 1694 +--------------------+-----------------+
1689 1695 |Standard | See below. |
1690 1696 +--------------------+-----------------+
1691 1697
1692 1698
1693 1699 For all options except -A, -b, -e, -E, -h, -S, U -v, -V, -@, -/, -%,
1694 1700 --all, --almost-all, --block-size, --classify, --color, --colour,
1695 1701 --dereference, --dereference-command-line, --escape, --file-type,
1696 1702 --full-time, --human-readable, --ignore-backups, --inode, --no-group,
1697 1703 --numeric-uid-gid, --reverse, --recursive, --si, --size, and --time-
1698 1704 style, see standards(5).
1699 1705
1700 1706 /usr/xpg6/bin/ls
1701 1707
1702 1708 +--------------------+-----------------+
1703 1709 | ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
1704 1710 +--------------------+-----------------+
1705 1711 |CSI | Enabled |
1706 1712 +--------------------+-----------------+
1707 1713 |Interface Stability | Committed |
1708 1714 +--------------------+-----------------+
1709 1715 |Standard | See below. |
1710 1716 +--------------------+-----------------+
1711 1717
1712 1718
|
↓ open down ↓ |
1019 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
1713 1719 For all options except -A, -b, -e, -E, -h, -S, U -v, -V, -@, -/, -%,
1714 1720 --all, --almost-all, --block-size, --classify, --color, --colour,
1715 1721 --dereference, --dereference-command-line, --escape, --file-type,
1716 1722 --full-time, --human-readable, --ignore-backups, --inode, --no-group,
1717 1723 --numeric-uid-gid, --reverse, --recursive, --si, --size, and --time-
1718 1724 style, see standards(5).
1719 1725
1720 1726 SEE ALSO
1721 1727 chmod(1), cp(1), setfacl(1), fgetattr(3C), strftime(3C), terminfo(4),
1722 1728 acl(5), attributes(5), environ(5), fsattr(5), largefile(5),
1723 - standards(5)
1729 + standards(5), idmapd(1M)
1724 1730
1725 1731 NOTES
1726 1732 Unprintable characters in file names can confuse the columnar output
1727 1733 options.
1728 1734
1729 1735
1730 1736 The total block count is incorrect if there are hard links among the
1731 1737 files.
1732 1738
1733 1739
1734 1740 The sort order of ls output is affected by the locale and can be
1735 1741 overridden by the LC_COLLATE environment variable. For example, if
1736 1742 LC_COLLATE equals C, dot files appear first, followed by names
1737 1743 beginning with upper-case letters, then followed by names beginning
1738 1744 with lower-case letters. But if LC_COLLATE equals en_US.ISO8859-1, then
1739 1745 leading dots as well as case are ignored in determining the sort order.
1740 1746
1741 1747
1748 + For additional information regarding Windows Security Identifiers,
1749 + consult Microsoft support document, Well-known security identifiers in
1750 + Windows operating systems, which can be found at Microsoft's support
1751 + site: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/243330/.
1742 1752
1743 - November 24, 2014 LS(1)
1753 +
1754 +
1755 + July 1, 2016 LS(1)
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