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--- old/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/europe
+++ new/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/europe
1 1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3 3
4 4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8 8
9 9 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
10 10 #
11 11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 15 #
16 16 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
17 17 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
18 18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 22 #
23 23 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
24 24 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
25 25 #
26 26 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
27 27 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
28 28 #
29 29 # Other sources occasionally used include:
30 30 #
31 31 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
32 32 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
33 33 # which I found in the UCLA library.
34 34 #
35 35 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
36 36 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
37 37 # [PDF] (1914-03)
38 38 #
39 39 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
40 40 # <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
41 41 # "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
42 42 # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
43 43 # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
44 44 #
45 45 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
46 46 # This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
47 47 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
48 48 # The full Russian citation is:
49 49 # Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
50 50 # введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
51 51 # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
52 52 # Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
53 53 # http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
54 54 #
55 55 # Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
56 56 # History of Summer Time
57 57 # <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
58 58 # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
59 59 #
60 60 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
61 61 # the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time,
62 62 # or are from other sources. Corrections are welcome!
63 63 # std dst 2dst
64 64 # LMT Local Mean Time
65 65 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
66 66 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
67 67 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
68 68 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
69 69 # 0:19:32.13 AMT* NST* Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)
70 70 # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
71 71 # 1:00 IST GMT Irish Standard (1968-) with winter DST
72 72 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
73 73 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)
74 74 # 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)*
75 75 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
76 76 # 3:00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow
77 77
78 78 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), re EEC/EC/EU members:
79 79 # The original six: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
80 80 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
81 81 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
82 82 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
83 83 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
84 84 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
85 85 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
86 86 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
87 87 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
88 88 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
89 89 # ...
90 90 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
91 91 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
92 92 # ...
93 93 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
94 94 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
95 95 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
96 96 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
97 97 # in the Directive.
98 98
99 99
100 100 ###############################################################################
101 101
102 102 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
103 103
104 104 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
105 105 #
106 106 # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
107 107 # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
108 108 # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
109 109 # of the text said:
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110 110 #
111 111 # 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
112 112 # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
113 113 # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
114 114 # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
115 115 # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
116 116 # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
117 117 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
118 118 #
119 119 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
120 -# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should
121 -# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
120 +# position is 51° 28' 30" N, 0° 18' 45" W. The longitude should
121 +# be within about ±2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
122 122 #
123 123 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
124 124
125 125 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
126 126 #
127 127 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
128 128 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
129 129 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
130 130 # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
131 131 # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
132 132 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
133 133 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
134 134 # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
135 135 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
136 136 # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
137 137 # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
138 138 # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
139 139 # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
140 140 # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
141 141 # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
142 142 # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
143 143 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
144 144 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
145 145 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
146 146 # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
147 147 #
148 148 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
149 149 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
150 150 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
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151 151
152 152 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
153 153 # The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
154 154 # informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
155 155 # Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
156 156 # New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
157 157 # whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
158 158 # after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
159 159 # In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
160 160 # that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See:
161 -# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg.
161 +# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30°.
162 162 # Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
163 163 # http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
164 164 # Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
165 165 # did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
166 166 #
167 167 # In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
168 168 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
169 169 # who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
170 170 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
171 171 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
172 172 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
173 173 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
174 174 # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
175 175 # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
176 176 # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
177 177 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
178 178 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
179 179 # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
180 180 # designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
181 181 # which is permanently set to Summer Time.
182 182
183 183 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
184 184 # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
185 185 # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
186 186 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
187 187 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
188 188 # foundations of civilization throughout the world.
189 189 # -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
190 190 # republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
191 191 # https://www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-114/a-silent-toast-to-william-willett-by-winston-s-churchill
192 192
193 193 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
194 194 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
195 195 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
196 196 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
197 197 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
198 198 # The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see:
199 199 # Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press
200 200 # ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8.
201 201
202 202 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
203 203 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
204 204 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
205 205
206 206 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
207 207 # From: Jonathan Leffler
208 208 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
209 209 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
210 210 # politics making a fortune, not computing.
211 211
212 212 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
213 213 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
214 214 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
215 215 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
216 216 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
217 217
218 218 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
219 219 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
220 220 # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
221 221 # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
222 222
223 223 # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
224 224 # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
225 225 # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
226 226 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
227 227 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
228 228 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
229 229 # https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
230 230 # https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
231 231
232 232 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
233 233 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
234 234 # which is to be introduced in May....
235 235 # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
236 236 # which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
237 237
238 238 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
239 239 # Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
240 240 # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
241 241 # so we use 'BDST'.
242 242
243 243 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
244 244 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
245 245 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
246 246 # and extending this list, which can be found in
247 247 # https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
248 248
249 249 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
250 250 #
251 251 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
252 252 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech
253 253 # https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
254 254 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
255 255
256 256 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
257 257 #
258 258 # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
259 259 #
260 260 # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
261 261 # are incorrect:
262 262 # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
263 263 # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
264 264 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
265 265 # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
266 266 # It actually just had one transition.
267 267 # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
268 268 # Actually, it conformed to Britain.
269 269 # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
270 270 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
271 271 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
272 272 #
273 273 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
274 274 # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
275 275 # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
276 276 # conform with Great Britain.
277 277 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
278 278 #
279 279 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
280 280 # we'll ignore it for now.
281 281 # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
282 282
283 283 # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-04):
284 284 #
285 285 # Dunsink Observatory (8 km NW of Dublin's center) was to Dublin as
286 286 # Greenwich was to London. For example:
287 287 #
288 288 # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
289 289 # -- James Joyce, Ulysses
290 290 #
291 291 # The abbreviation DMT stood for "Dublin Mean Time" or "Dunsink Mean Time";
292 292 # this being Ireland, opinions differed.
293 293 #
294 294 # Whitman says Dublin/Dunsink Mean Time was UT-00:25:21, which agrees
295 295 # with measurements of recent visitors to the Meridian Room of Dunsink
296 296 # Observatory; see Malone D. Dunsink and timekeeping. 2016-01-24.
297 297 # <https://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwmalone/time/dunsink.html>. Malone
298 298 # writes that the Nautical Almanac listed UT-00:25:22 until 1896, when
299 299 # it moved to UT-00:25:21.1 (I confirmed that the 1893 edition used
300 300 # the former and the 1896 edition used the latter). Evidently the
301 301 # news of this change propagated slowly, as Milne 1899 still lists
302 302 # UT-00:25:22 and cites the International Telegraph Bureau. As it is
303 303 # not clear that there was any practical significance to the change
304 304 # from UT-00:25:22 to UT-00:25:21.1 in civil timekeeping, omit this
305 305 # transition for now and just use the latter value, omitting its
306 306 # fraction since our format cannot represent fractions.
307 307
308 308 # "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
309 309 # was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
310 310 # would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed
311 311 # Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
312 312 # -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
313 313 # Irish Times 2014-10-27.
314 314 # https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
315 315
316 316 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
317 317 # Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
318 318 # These include various relating to legal time, for example:
319 319 #
320 320 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
321 321 #
322 322 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
323 323 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
324 324 #
325 325 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
326 326 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
327 327 # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
328 328 #
329 329 # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
330 330 # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
331 331 # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
332 332 #
333 333 # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
334 334 # <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
335 335 #
336 336 # (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these
337 337 # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
338 338 # the laws applicable in Ireland.)
339 339 #
340 340 # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
341 341 # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
342 342 # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
343 343 # being GMT+1.)
344 344
345 345 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
346 346 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
347 347 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
348 348 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
349 349 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
350 350 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
351 351 # and Frethun run in CT.
352 352 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
353 353 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
354 354 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
355 355 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
356 356 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
357 357 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
358 358
359 359 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
360 360 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
361 361 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC.
362 362 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
363 363 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
364 364 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
365 365 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
366 366 #
367 367 # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-07):
368 368 # The 1996 anonymous contributor's goal was to determine the correct
369 369 # abbreviation for summer time in Dublin and so the contributor
370 370 # focused on the "IST", not on the "Irish Summer Time". Though the
371 371 # "IST" was correct, the "Irish Summer Time" appears to have been an
372 372 # error, as Ireland's Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971 states that
373 373 # standard time in Ireland remains at UT +01 and is observed in
374 374 # summer, and that Greenwich mean time is observed in winter. (Thanks
375 375 # to Derick Rethans for pointing out the error.) That is, when
376 376 # Ireland amended the 1968 act that established UT +01 as Irish
377 377 # Standard Time, it left standard time unchanged and established GMT
378 378 # as a negative daylight saving time in winter. So, in this database
379 379 # IST stands for Irish Summer Time for timestamps before 1968, and for
380 380 # Irish Standard Time after that. See:
381 381 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1971/act/17/enacted/en/print
382 382
383 383 # Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's
384 384 # Summer Time Act, 1925 and Summer Time Orders, 1926 and 1947:
385 385 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print
386 386 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print
387 387 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print
388 388
389 389 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
390 390 # Summer Time Act, 1916
391 391 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
392 392 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
393 393 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
394 394 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
395 395 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
396 396 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
397 397 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
398 398 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
399 399 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
400 400 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
401 401 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
402 402 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
403 403 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
404 404 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
405 405 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
406 406 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
407 407 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
408 408 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
409 409 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
410 410 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
411 411 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
412 412 # The Summer Time Act, 1922
413 413 Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
414 414 Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
415 415 Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
416 416 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
417 417 # The Summer Time Act, 1925
418 418 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
419 419 Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
420 420 Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
421 421 Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
422 422 Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
423 423 Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
424 424 Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
425 425 Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
426 426 Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
427 427 Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
428 428 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
429 429 # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
430 430 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
431 431 # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
432 432 Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
433 433 # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
434 434 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
435 435 Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
436 436 # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
437 437 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
438 438 # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
439 439 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
440 440 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
441 441 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
442 442 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
443 443 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
444 444 Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
445 445 Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
446 446 # The Summer Time Act, 1947
447 447 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
448 448 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
449 449 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
450 450 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
451 451 # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
452 452 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
453 453 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
454 454 # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
455 455 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
456 456 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
457 457 # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
458 458 # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
459 459 # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
460 460 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
461 461 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
462 462 # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
463 463 Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
464 464 Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
465 465 Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
466 466 Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
467 467 Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
468 468 Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
469 469 Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
470 470 # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
471 471 # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
472 472 # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
473 473 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
474 474 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
475 475 # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
476 476 # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
477 477 # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
478 478 Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
479 479 # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
480 480 Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
481 481 # The British Standard Time Act, 1968
482 482 # (no summer time)
483 483 # The Summer Time Act, 1972
484 484 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
485 485 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
486 486 # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
487 487 # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
488 488 # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
489 489 # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
490 490 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
491 491 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
492 492 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
493 493 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
494 494 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
495 495 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
496 496 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
497 497 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
498 498 #
499 499 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
500 500
|
↓ open down ↓ |
329 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
501 501 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
502 502 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
503 503 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
504 504 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
505 505 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
506 506 0:00 EU GMT/BST
507 507 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
508 508 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
509 509 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
510 510
511 -# From Paul Eggert (2018-01-19):
511 +# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-15):
512 +# In January 2018 we discovered that the negative SAVE values in the
513 +# Eire rules cause problems with tests for ICU:
514 +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025825.html
515 +# and with tests for OpenJDK:
516 +# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025822.html
517 +#
518 +# To work around this problem, the build procedure can translate the
519 +# following data into two forms, one with negative SAVE values and the
520 +# other form with a traditional approximation for Irish time stamps
521 +# after 1971-10-31 02:00 UTC; although this approximation has tm_isdst
522 +# flags that are reversed, its UTC offsets are correct and this often
523 +# suffices. This source file currently uses only nonnegative SAVE
524 +# values, but this is intended to change and downstream code should
525 +# not rely on it.
526 +#
512 527 # The following is like GB-Eire and EU, except with standard time in
513 -# summer and negative daylight saving time in winter.
514 -# Although currently commented out, this will need to become uncommented
515 -# once the ICU/OpenJDK workaround is removed; see below.
528 +# summer and negative daylight saving time in winter. It is for when
529 +# negative SAVE values are used.
516 530 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
517 -#Rule Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 2:00u -1:00 GMT
518 -#Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00u 0 IST
519 -#Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00u -1:00 GMT
520 -#Rule Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 0 IST
521 -#Rule Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u -1:00 GMT
522 -#Rule Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u -1:00 GMT
523 -#Rule Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u -1:00 GMT
531 +Rule Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 2:00u -1:00 -
532 +Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00u 0 -
533 +Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00u -1:00 -
534 +Rule Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 0 -
535 +Rule Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u -1:00 -
536 +Rule Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u -1:00 -
537 +Rule Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u -1:00 -
524 538
525 539 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
526 540 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
527 541 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s
528 542 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
529 543 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
530 544 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00s
531 545 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00s
532 546 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00s
533 547 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00s
534 548 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00s
535 549 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
536 -# From Paul Eggert (2018-01-18):
537 -# The next line should look like this:
538 -# 1:00 Eire IST/GMT
539 -# However, in January 2018 we discovered that the Eire rules cause
540 -# problems with tests for ICU:
541 -# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025825.html
542 -# and with tests for OpenJDK:
543 -# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025822.html
544 -# To work around this problem, use a traditional approximation for
545 -# time stamps after 1971-10-31 02:00 UTC, to give ICU and OpenJDK
546 -# developers breathing room to fix bugs. This approximation has
547 -# correct UTC offsets, but results in tm_isdst flags are the reverse
548 -# of what they should be. This workaround is temporary and should be
549 -# removed reasonably soon.
550 - 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
551 - 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
552 - 0:00 EU GMT/IST
553 -# End of workaround for ICU and OpenJDK bugs.
550 +# The next line is for when negative SAVE values are used.
551 + 1:00 Eire IST/GMT
552 +# These three lines are for when SAVE values are always nonnegative.
553 +# 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
554 +# 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
555 +# 0:00 EU GMT/IST
554 556
555 557
556 558 ###############################################################################
557 559
558 560 # Europe
559 561
560 562 # The following rules are for the European Union and for its
561 563 # predecessor organization, the European Communities.
562 564 # For brevity they are called "EU rules" elsewhere in this file.
563 565
564 566 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
565 567 Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
566 568 Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
567 569 Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
568 570 Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
569 571 Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
570 572 Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
571 573 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
572 574 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
573 575 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
574 576 # http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
575 577
576 578 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
577 579 Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
578 580 Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
579 581 Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
580 582 Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
581 583 Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
582 584 Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
583 585
584 586 # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
585 587 # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
586 588 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
587 589 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
588 590 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
589 591 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
590 592 Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
591 593 Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
592 594 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
593 595 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
594 596 Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
595 597 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
596 598 Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
597 599 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
598 600 #
599 601 # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
600 602 # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
601 603 # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
602 604 # tz database itself, as seen below:
603 605 #
604 606 # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
605 607 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
606 608 #
607 609 # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
608 610 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
609 611 #
610 612 # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
611 613 # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
612 614 #
613 615 # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
614 616 # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
615 617 # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
616 618 #
617 619 # The rule line to be changed is:
618 620 #
619 621 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 -
620 622 #
621 623 # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
622 624 # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no
623 625 # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
624 626 # affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms
625 627 # CET and MET:
626 628 #
627 629 # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
628 630 # Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
629 631 #
630 632 # It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
631 633 #
632 634 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
633 635 #
634 636 # A small step for mankind though 8-)
635 637 Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
636 638 Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
637 639 Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
638 640 Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
639 641 Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
640 642 Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
641 643 Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
642 644
643 645 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
644 646 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
645 647 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
646 648 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
647 649 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
648 650 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
649 651 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
650 652
651 653
652 654 # Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union
653 655 #
654 656 # The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23).
655 657
656 658 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
657 659 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
658 660 #
659 661 # Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137
660 662 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
661 663 #
662 664 # Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001
663 665 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
664 666 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
665 667 #
666 668 # Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949
667 669 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
668 670 #
669 671 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 0:00u 1:00 MSD
670 672 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
671 673 #
672 674 # Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840
673 675 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
674 676 #
675 677 # Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949
676 678 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 +05
677 679 #
678 680 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
679 681 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
680 682 # Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
681 683 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
682 684 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
683 685 # Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
684 686 # Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
685 687 Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
686 688 Rule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
687 689 #
688 690 Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
689 691 # As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
690 692
691 693 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
692 694 # Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of
693 695 # Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the
694 696 # Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227.
695 697 #
696 698 # I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have
697 699 # title at https://base.garant.ru/70754136/ :
698 700 # "About change in calculation of time on the territories of
699 701 # Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan,
700 702 # Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts".
701 703 # And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to
702 704 # contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules
703 705 # of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov
704 706 # oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989:
705 707 # a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast:
706 708 # second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1);
707 709 # b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt
708 710 # rules (Moscow time)
709 711 # c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1).
710 712
711 713 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
712 714 # Unamended version of the act of the
713 715 # Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992
714 716 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0
715 717 # says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday
716 718 # of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September
717 719 # at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October.
718 720
719 721 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
720 722 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
721 723 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
722 724 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
723 725 #
724 726 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
725 727 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
726 728 #
727 729 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
728 730 # https://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
729 731
730 732 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
731 733 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
732 734 # to be standard.
733 735
734 736 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
735 737
736 738 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
737 739 Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
738 740 Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
739 741 Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
740 742 Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
741 743
742 744 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
743 745 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
744 746
745 747 # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
746 748 # The official German names ... are
747 749 #
748 750 # Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
749 751 # Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
750 752 #
751 753 # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
752 754 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
753 755 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
754 756 #
755 757 # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
756 758 # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
757 759 # Postfach 3345
758 760 # D-38023 Braunschweig
759 761 # phone: +49 531 592-0
760 762 #
761 763 # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
762 764 # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
763 765 # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
764 766 #
765 767 # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
766 768 # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
767 769
768 770
769 771 # Albania
770 772 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
771 773 Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
772 774 Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
773 775 Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
774 776 Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
775 777 Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
776 778 Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
777 779 Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
778 780 Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
779 781 Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
780 782 Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
781 783 Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
782 784 Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
783 785 Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
784 786 Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
785 787 Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
786 788 Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
787 789 Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
788 790 Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
789 791 Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
790 792 Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
791 793 Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
792 794 Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
793 795 Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
794 796 Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
795 797 Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
796 798 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
797 799 Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
798 800 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
799 801 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
800 802 1:00 EU CE%sT
801 803
802 804 # Andorra
803 805 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
804 806 Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
805 807 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
806 808 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
807 809 1:00 EU CE%sT
808 810
809 811 # Austria
810 812
811 813 # Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.
812 814
813 815 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
814 816 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
815 817 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
816 818 # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition
817 819 # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV,
818 820 # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
819 821
820 822 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
821 823 Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
822 824 Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
823 825 Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
824 826 Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
825 827 Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
826 828 Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
827 829 Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
828 830 Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
829 831 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
830 832 Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr
831 833 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
832 834 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
833 835 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
834 836 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
835 837 1:00 - CET 1946
836 838 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
837 839 1:00 EU CE%sT
838 840
839 841 # Belarus
840 842 #
841 843 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02):
842 844 # http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm
843 845 # (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from
844 846 # 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00
845 847 # on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September
846 848 # (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations).
847 849 #
848 850 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
849 851 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
850 852 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
851 853 #
852 854 # Sources (Russian language):
853 855 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
854 856 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
855 857 # https://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
856 858 #
857 859 # From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
858 860 # Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
859 861 # http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
860 862 #
861 863 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
862 864 Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
863 865 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
864 866 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
865 867 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
866 868 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
867 869 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
868 870 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
869 871 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
870 872 3:00 - +03
871 873
872 874 # Belgium
873 875 #
874 876 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
875 877 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
876 878 # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
877 879 # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
878 880 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
879 881 # pp 8-9.
880 882 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
881 883 # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
882 884 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
883 885 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
884 886 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
885 887 #
886 888 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
887 889 Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
888 890 Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
889 891 Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
890 892 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
891 893 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
892 894 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
893 895 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
894 896 Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
895 897 Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
896 898 Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
897 899 Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
898 900 Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
899 901 # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
900 902 # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
901 903 # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
902 904 # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
903 905 Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
904 906 Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
905 907 Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
906 908 Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
907 909 Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
908 910 Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
909 911 Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
910 912 Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
911 913 Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
912 914 Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
913 915 Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
914 916 Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
915 917 Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
916 918 Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
917 919 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
918 920 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
919 921 Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
920 922 Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
921 923 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
922 924 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
923 925 Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
924 926 Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
925 927 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
926 928 Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
927 929 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
928 930 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
929 931 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
930 932 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
931 933 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
932 934 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
933 935 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
934 936 1:00 EU CE%sT
935 937
936 938 # Bosnia and Herzegovina
937 939 # See Europe/Belgrade.
938 940
939 941 # Bulgaria
940 942 #
941 943 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
942 944 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says:
943 945 # EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
944 946 # EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
945 947 #
946 948 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
947 949 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
948 950 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
949 951 Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
950 952 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
951 953 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
952 954 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
953 955 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
954 956 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
955 957 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
956 958 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
957 959 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
958 960 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
959 961 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00
960 962 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
|
↓ open down ↓ |
397 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
961 963 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
962 964 2:00 EU EE%sT
963 965
964 966 # Croatia
965 967 # See Europe/Belgrade.
966 968
967 969 # Cyprus
968 970 # Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
969 971
970 972 # Czech Republic / Czechia
973 +#
974 +# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-15):
975 +# The source for Czech data is: Kdy začíná a končí letní čas. 2018-04-15.
976 +# https://kalendar.beda.cz/kdy-zacina-a-konci-letni-cas
977 +# We know of no English-language name for historical Czech winter time;
978 +# abbreviate it as "GMT", as it happened to be GMT.
979 +#
971 980 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
972 -Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
973 -Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
981 +Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
982 +Rule Czech 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
974 983 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
975 984 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
976 -Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
977 -Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
985 +Rule Czech 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
978 986 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
979 987 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
980 988 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
981 989 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
982 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
990 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 9
991 + 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1946 Dec 1 3:00
992 +# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
993 + 1:00 -1:00 GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00
994 +# Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST.
995 +# 0:00 - GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00
996 +# End of rearguard section.
983 997 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
984 998 1:00 EU CE%sT
985 999 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
986 1000
987 1001 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
988 1002
989 1003 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
990 1004 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
991 1005 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
992 1006 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
993 1007 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
994 1008 #
995 1009 # The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973:
996 1010 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
997 1011 #
998 1012 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
999 1013 # in subsequent decrees with the law
1000 1014 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
1001 1015 #
1002 1016 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
1003 1017 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
1004 1018 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
1005 1019 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
1006 1020 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
1007 1021 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
1008 1022 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
1009 1023 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
1010 1024 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
1011 1025 # was suspended on that night):
1012 1026 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
1013 1027
1014 1028 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
1015 1029 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
1016 1030 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
1017 1031
1018 1032 # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
1019 1033 # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
1020 1034 # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
1021 1035
1022 1036 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1023 1037 Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1024 1038 Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
1025 1039 Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
1026 1040 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1027 1041 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
1028 1042 Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
1029 1043 Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
1030 1044 Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
1031 1045 Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
1032 1046 Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
1033 1047 Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
1034 1048 #
1035 1049 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1036 1050 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
1037 1051 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
1038 1052 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1039 1053 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1040 1054 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
1041 1055 1:00 EU CE%sT
1042 1056 Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
1043 1057 0:00 - WET 1981
1044 1058 0:00 EU WE%sT
1045 1059 #
1046 1060 # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
1047 1061 # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
1048 1062 # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
1049 1063 # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
1050 1064 #
1051 1065 # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-10):
1052 1066 # Greenland joined the European Communities as part of Denmark,
1053 1067 # obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, and left the European Communities
1054 1068 # on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
1055 1069 # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
1056 1070 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
1057 1071 # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
1058 1072
1059 1073 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
1060 1074 # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
1061 1075 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
1062 1076 #
1063 1077 # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
1064 1078 # is according to the following time line:
1065 1079 #
1066 1080 # The military zone near Thule UTC-4
1067 1081 # Standard Greenland time UTC-3
1068 1082 # Scoresbysund UTC-1
1069 1083 # Danmarkshavn UTC
1070 1084 #
1071 1085 # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
1072 1086 # introduced.
1073 1087
1074 1088 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
1075 1089 #
1076 1090 # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
1077 1091 # the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have
1078 1092 # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have
1079 1093 # info from earlier correspondence.]
1080 1094 #
1081 1095 # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
1082 1096 # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
1083 1097 # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
1084 1098 #
1085 1099 # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
1086 1100 # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
1087 1101 # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
1088 1102 # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
1089 1103 # email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
1090 1104 # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
1091 1105 # DPC research station at Zackenberg.
1092 1106 #
1093 1107 # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
1094 1108 # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb).
1095 1109 #
1096 1110 # The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it
1097 1111 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
1098 1112 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
1099 1113 #
1100 1114 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
1101 1115 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
1102 1116 # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
1103 1117 # this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be
1104 1118 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
1105 1119
1106 1120 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
1107 1121 # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
1108 1122 # there at 2:00 AM.
1109 1123
1110 1124 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1111 1125 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
1112 1126 # the 1995 map as like Godthåb.
1113 1127 # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996.
1114 1128 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
1115 1129 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
1116 1130 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
1117 1131
1118 1132 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
1119 1133 # "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named
1120 1134 # "National Park" by Executive Order:
1121 1135 # http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf
1122 1136 # It is their only National Park.
1123 1137 #
1124 1138 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1125 1139 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1126 1140 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1127 1141 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1128 1142 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1129 1143 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1130 1144 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1131 1145 #
1132 1146 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1133 1147 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1134 1148 -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1135 1149 -3:00 EU -03/-02 1996
1136 1150 0:00 - GMT
1137 1151 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
1138 1152 -2:00 - -02 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1139 1153 -2:00 C-Eur -02/-01 1981 Mar 29
1140 1154 -1:00 EU -01/+00
1141 1155 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
1142 1156 -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1143 1157 -3:00 EU -03/-02
1144 1158 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
1145 1159 -4:00 Thule A%sT
1146 1160
1147 1161 # Estonia
1148 1162 #
1149 1163 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1150 1164 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1151 1165 #
1152 1166 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
1153 1167 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1154 1168 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1155 1169 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1156 1170 #
1157 1171 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
1158 1172 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
1159 1173 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
1160 1174 # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
1161 1175 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1162 1176 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1163 1177 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1164 1178 # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
1165 1179 # summer time next spring."
1166 1180
1167 1181 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
1168 1182 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
1169 1183 # http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
1170 1184 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
1171 1185 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
1172 1186 #
1173 1187 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
1174 1188 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
1175 1189 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
1176 1190
1177 1191 # From The Baltic Times <https://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
1178 1192 # via Steffen Thorsen:
1179 1193 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
1180 1194 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
1181 1195 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
1182 1196 # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
1183 1197 # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
1184 1198 # after that.
1185 1199
1186 1200 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
1187 1201 # Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
1188 1202 # No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
1189 1203 # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
1190 1204
1191 1205 # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
1192 1206 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
1193 1207 # Now we are using again EU rules.
1194 1208 #
1195 1209 # From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
1196 1210 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
1197 1211
1198 1212 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1199 1213 Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1200 1214 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1201 1215 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1202 1216 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1203 1217 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1204 1218 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1205 1219 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
1206 1220 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1207 1221 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1208 1222 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
1209 1223 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00
1210 1224 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
1211 1225 2:00 EU EE%sT
1212 1226
1213 1227 # Finland
1214 1228
1215 1229 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
1216 1230 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
1217 1231 # and it's supposed to change at 4am...
1218 1232
1219 1233 # From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
1220 1234 #
1221 1235 # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
1222 1236 # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
1223 1237 # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
1224 1238 # according to the central European standards.
1225 1239 #
1226 1240 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
1227 1241 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
1228 1242 # Finnish) at
1229 1243 # https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
1230 1244 #
1231 1245 # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
1232 1246 # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
1233 1247 #
1234 1248 # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
1235 1249 # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
1236 1250 #
1237 1251 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
1238 1252 # exist tonight."
1239 1253
1240 1254 # From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
1241 1255 # [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
1242 1256 # https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
1243 1257 # pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
1244 1258 # say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
1245 1259 # 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
1246 1260 # mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
1247 1261 # On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
1248 1262 #
1249 1263 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
1250 1264 # Go with Oja over Shanks.
1251 1265
1252 1266 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1253 1267 Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S
1254 1268 Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 -
1255 1269 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
1256 1270 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1257 1271
1258 1272 # Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
1259 1273 # round to nearest.
1260 1274
1261 1275 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1262 1276 Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31
1263 1277 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
1264 1278 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983
1265 1279 2:00 EU EE%sT
1266 1280
1267 1281 # Åland Is
1268 1282 Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
1269 1283
1270 1284
1271 1285 # France
1272 1286
1273 1287 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
1274 1288 #
1275 1289 # Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions
1276 1290 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
1277 1291 #
1278 1292 # Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel,
1279 1293 # Paris, 1991
1280 1294 #
1281 1295 # Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie,
1282 1296 # Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987
1283 1297
1284 1298
1285 1299 #
1286 1300 # Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
1287 1301 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1288 1302 Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1289 1303 Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
1290 1304 Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1291 1305 Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1292 1306 Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1293 1307 Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1294 1308 Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
1295 1309 Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1296 1310 Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
1297 1311 Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1298 1312 # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
1299 1313 # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
1300 1314 # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1301 1315 Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1302 1316 Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1303 1317 Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1304 1318 Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
1305 1319 Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1306 1320 Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1307 1321 Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1308 1322 Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1309 1323 Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
1310 1324 Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1311 1325 Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1312 1326 Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1313 1327 Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1314 1328 Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1315 1329 Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1316 1330 Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1317 1331 Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1318 1332 Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1319 1333 Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1320 1334 Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1321 1335 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
1322 1336 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
1323 1337 # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez,
1324 1338 # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La
1325 1339 # Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
1326 1340 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
1327 1341 # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
1328 1342 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
1329 1343 Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1330 1344 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
1331 1345 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
1332 1346 # who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
1333 1347 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
1334 1348 Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
1335 1349 Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
1336 1350 Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
1337 1351 Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
1338 1352 Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
1339 1353 Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
1340 1354 Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
1341 1355 Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
1342 1356 Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1343 1357 # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
1344 1358 # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
1345 1359 Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
1346 1360 Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
1347 1361 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
1348 1362 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
1349 1363 # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
1350 1364 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1351 1365 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1352 1366 Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
1353 1367 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
1354 1368 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
1355 1369 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
1356 1370 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
1357 1371 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1358 1372 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
1359 1373 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1360 1374 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1361 1375 1:00 EU CE%sT
1362 1376
1363 1377 # Germany
1364 1378
1365 1379 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
1366 1380 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1367 1381 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
1368 1382 # [See tz-link.html for the URL.]
1369 1383
1370 1384 # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1371 1385 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
1372 1386 # https://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
1373 1387 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
1374 1388
1375 1389 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1376 1390 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
1377 1391 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
1378 1392 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
1379 1393 # this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04.
1380 1394
1381 1395
1382 1396 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1383 1397 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1384 1398 Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1385 1399 Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1386 1400 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
1387 1401 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
1388 1402 # Go with the PTB.
1389 1403 Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S
1390 1404 Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
1391 1405 Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
1392 1406 Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1393 1407 Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1394 1408
1395 1409 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1396 1410 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
1397 1411 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1398 1412
1399 1413 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1400 1414 Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1401 1415 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
1402 1416 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
1403 1417 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1404 1418 1:00 EU CE%sT
1405 1419
1406 1420 # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
1407 1421 # Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
1408 1422 # Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
1409 1423 # (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
1410 1424 # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
1411 1425 # which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
1412 1426 #
1413 1427 # Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
1414 1428 # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
1415 1429
1416 1430 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
1417 1431 # Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
1418 1432
1419 1433 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
1420 1434
1421 1435 # Georgia
1422 1436 # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
1423 1437 # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
1424 1438 # is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
1425 1439
1426 1440 # Gibraltar
1427 1441 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1428 1442 Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
1429 1443 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
1430 1444 1:00 - CET 1982
1431 1445 1:00 EU CE%sT
1432 1446
1433 1447 # Greece
1434 1448 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1435 1449 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1436 1450 Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
1437 1451 Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1438 1452 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1439 1453 Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
1440 1454 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1441 1455 Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1442 1456 Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
1443 1457 Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1444 1458 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1445 1459 Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1446 1460 Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
1447 1461 Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
1448 1462 Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
1449 1463 Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
1450 1464 Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
1451 1465 Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1452 1466 Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1453 1467 Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
1454 1468 Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
1455 1469 Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
1456 1470 Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1457 1471 Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1458 1472 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1459 1473 Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
1460 1474 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
1461 1475 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1462 1476 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
1463 1477 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
1464 1478 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
1465 1479 # go with EU rules instead, since Greece joined Jan 1.
1466 1480 2:00 EU EE%sT
1467 1481
1468 1482 # Hungary
1469 1483 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
1470 1484 # Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
1471 1485 # Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945.
1472 1486 # National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
1473 1487 # http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
1474 1488 # This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
1475 1489 # & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
1476 1490 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1477 1491 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
1478 1492 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1479 1493 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
1480 1494 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 -
1481 1495 Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
1482 1496 Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1483 1497 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
1484 1498 Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1485 1499 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
1486 1500 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1487 1501 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
1488 1502 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
1489 1503 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1490 1504 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1491 1505 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1492 1506 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
1493 1507 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1494 1508 Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
1495 1509 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1496 1510 Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
1497 1511 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
1498 1512 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8
1499 1513 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1500 1514 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
1501 1515 1:00 EU CE%sT
1502 1516
1503 1517 # Iceland
1504 1518 #
1505 1519 # From Adam David (1993-11-06):
1506 1520 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
1507 1521 #
1508 1522 # (1993-12-05):
1509 1523 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
1510 1524 # Iceland Almanak.
1511 1525 #
1512 1526 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1513 1527 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1514 1528 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
1515 1529 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1516 1530 #
1517 1531 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1518 1532 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1519 1533 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
1520 1534 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1521 1535 #
1522 1536 # (1993-12-10):
1523 1537 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1524 1538 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1525 1539 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1526 1540 # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
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1527 1541 # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1528 1542 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1529 1543 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
1530 1544 # might mean something else (???).
1531 1545 #
1532 1546 # From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22):
1533 1547 # The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
1534 1548 # http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html
1535 1549 #
1536 1550 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1537 -Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
1551 +Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 -
1538 1552 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1539 1553 Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1540 -Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S
1554 +Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 -
1541 1555 Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 -
1542 -Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1556 +Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 -
1543 1557 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 -
1544 -Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1558 +Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 -
1545 1559 Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 -
1546 -Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S
1560 +Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 -
1547 1561 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1548 -Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1562 +Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 -
1549 1563 Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1550 1564 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1551 -Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1565 +Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 -
1552 1566 # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
1553 1567 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1554 1568 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1555 1569 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1556 1570 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1557 1571 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
1558 1572 -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1559 1573 0:00 - GMT
1560 1574
1561 1575 # Italy
1562 1576 #
1563 1577 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1564 1578 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1565 1579 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1566 1580 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1567 1581 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1568 1582 # so record only the time in Rome.
1569 1583 #
1570 1584 # From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24):
1571 1585 # http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10
1572 1586 # ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into
1573 1587 # force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in
1574 1588 # the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...."
1575 1589 #
1576 1590 # From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20):
1577 1591 # The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological
1578 1592 # institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at
1579 1593 # http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml
1580 1594 # (2016-10-24):
1581 1595 # http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/
1582 1596 # has still different data for 1944. It divides Italy in two, as
1583 1597 # there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic
1584 1598 # Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south
1585 1599 # of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies.
1586 1600 #
1587 1601 # From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23):
1588 1602 # Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219.
1589 1603 # Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ...
1590 1604 # Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is
1591 1605 # advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ...
1592 1606 # Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed.
1593 1607 #
1594 1608 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27):
1595 1609 # Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944
1596 1610 # for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
1597 1611 # Model Rome's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
1598 1612 # to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
1599 1613 # was effectively controlled by Germany.
1600 1614 #
1601 1615 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1602 1616 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S
1603 1617 Rule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 -
1604 1618 Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S
1605 1619 Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 24:00 1:00 S
1606 1620 Rule Italy 1918 only - Oct 6 24:00 0 -
1607 1621 Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 24:00 1:00 S
1608 1622 Rule Italy 1919 only - Oct 4 24:00 0 -
1609 1623 Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 S
1610 1624 Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 -
1611 1625 Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S
1612 1626 Rule Italy 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
1613 1627 Rule Italy 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1614 1628 Rule Italy 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
1615 1629 Rule Italy 1944 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1616 1630 Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
1617 1631 Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1618 1632 Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 1:00 0 -
1619 1633 Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1620 1634 Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1621 1635 Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1622 1636 Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1623 1637 Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1624 1638 Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1625 1639 Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1626 1640 Rule Italy 1966 only - Sep 24 24:00 0 -
1627 1641 Rule Italy 1967 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00s 0 -
1628 1642 Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1629 1643 Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1630 1644 Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1631 1645 Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1632 1646 Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1633 1647 Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1634 1648 Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1635 1649 Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1636 1650 Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1637 1651 Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1638 1652 Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1639 1653 Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1640 1654 Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1641 1655 Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1642 1656 Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1643 1657 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1644 1658 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1645 1659 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean
1646 1660 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10
1647 1661 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4
1648 1662 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1649 1663 1:00 EU CE%sT
1650 1664
1651 1665 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1652 1666 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1653 1667
1654 1668 # Latvia
1655 1669
1656 1670 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
1657 1671
1658 1672 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1659 1673 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1660 1674 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1661 1675 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1662 1676 #
1663 1677 # Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1664 1678 # according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1665 1679 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1666 1680 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1667 1681 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1668 1682 #
1669 1683 # Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
1670 1684 # according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
1671 1685 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1672 1686 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1673 1687 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
1674 1688 # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
1675 1689 #
1676 1690 # Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
1677 1691 # according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
1678 1692 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
1679 1693 # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
1680 1694 # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
1681 1695 # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1682 1696 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
1683 1697 # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
1684 1698 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
1685 1699 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
1686 1700 #
1687 1701 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
1688 1702 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
1689 1703 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
1690 1704
1691 1705 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
1692 1706 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
1693 1707 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
1694 1708 # 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>,
1695 1709 # in Latvian for subscribers only).
1696 1710
1697 1711 # From RFE/RL Newsline
1698 1712 # http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
1699 1713 # (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
1700 1714 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
1701 1715 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
1702 1716 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
1703 1717 # clocks one hour in the spring....
1704 1718 # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few
1705 1719 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
1706 1720 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
1707 1721 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
1708 1722 # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
1709 1723 # appears that they will not do so....
1710 1724
1711 1725 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1712 1726 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1713 1727 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1714 1728
1715 1729 # Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
1716 1730 # Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34.
1717 1731 # Go with Byalokoz.
1718 1732
1719 1733 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1720 1734 Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880
1721 1735 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT
1722 1736 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST
1723 1737 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1724 1738 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1725 1739 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11
1726 1740 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1727 1741 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1728 1742 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
1729 1743 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1730 1744 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
1731 1745 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
1732 1746 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
1733 1747 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
1734 1748 2:00 EU EE%sT
1735 1749
1736 1750 # Liechtenstein
1737 1751
1738 1752 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
1739 1753 # Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
1740 1754
1741 1755 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
1742 1756 # http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
1743 1757 # ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
1744 1758 # I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
1745 1759 # ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
1746 1760 # introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on
1747 1761 # central European time was in force throughout the year.
1748 1762 # From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
1749 1763 # regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.
1750 1764
1751 1765 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
1752 1766
1753 1767
1754 1768 # Lithuania
1755 1769
1756 1770 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1757 1771 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1758 1772
1759 1773 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1760 1774 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1761 1775 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1762 1776
1763 1777 # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
1764 1778 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
1765 1779 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
1766 1780
1767 1781 # From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>,
1768 1782 # via Steffen Thorsen:
1769 1783 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
1770 1784 # to be valid here starting from October 31,
1771 1785 # as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
1772 1786 # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
1773 1787 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
1774 1788 # already done by Estonia.
1775 1789
1776 1790 # From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
1777 1791 # <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27):
1778 1792 # Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
1779 1793
1780 1794 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
1781 1795 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
1782 1796 # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
1783 1797 # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
1784 1798 # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
1785 1799 # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
1786 1800 # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
1787 1801
1788 1802
1789 1803 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1790 1804 Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1791 1805 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1792 1806 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1793 1807 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1794 1808 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1795 1809 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1796 1810 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1797 1811 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1798 1812 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1799 1813 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1800 1814 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1801 1815 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1802 1816 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
1803 1817 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
1804 1818 2:00 EU EE%sT
1805 1819
1806 1820 # Luxembourg
1807 1821 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
1808 1822 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1809 1823 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1810 1824 Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1811 1825 Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1812 1826 Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1813 1827 Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1814 1828 Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1815 1829 Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1816 1830 Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
1817 1831 Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1818 1832 Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
1819 1833 Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1820 1834 Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
1821 1835 Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
1822 1836 Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
1823 1837 Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1824 1838 Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
1825 1839 Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
1826 1840 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1827 1841 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1828 1842 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1829 1843 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1830 1844 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1831 1845 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1832 1846 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1833 1847 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1834 1848 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1835 1849 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1836 1850 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1837 1851 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1838 1852 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1839 1853 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1840 1854 1:00 EU CE%sT
1841 1855
1842 1856 # Macedonia
1843 1857 # See Europe/Belgrade.
1844 1858
1845 1859 # Malta
1846 1860 #
1847 1861 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21):
1848 1862 # Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks.
1849 1863 #
1850 1864 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1851 1865 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1852 1866 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1853 1867 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1854 1868 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1855 1869 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1856 1870 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1857 1871 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1858 1872 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1859 1873 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
1860 1874 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1861 1875 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1862 1876 1:00 EU CE%sT
1863 1877
1864 1878 # Moldova
1865 1879
1866 1880 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
1867 1881 # the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04
1868 1882 # http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2
1869 1883 # ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR
1870 1884 # time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt
1871 1885 # plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be
1872 1886 # adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer"
1873 1887 # time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and
1874 1888 # reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00.
1875 1889
1876 1890 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1877 1891 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
1878 1892 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
1879 1893 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
1880 1894 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
1881 1895 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
1882 1896 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
1883 1897 # But [two people] separately reported via
1884 1898 # Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
1885 1899 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
1886 1900 #
1887 1901 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
1888 1902 # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
1889 1903 # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
1890 1904 # to the Winter Time).
1891 1905 #
1892 1906 # News (in Russian):
1893 1907 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
1894 1908 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
1895 1909 #
1896 1910 # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
1897 1911 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
1898 1912 #
1899 1913 # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
1900 1914 # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
1901 1915 # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
1902 1916 #
1903 1917 # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
1904 1918 #
1905 1919 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
1906 1920 # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
1907 1921 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
1908 1922 # decision to abolish DST this winter.
1909 1923 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
1910 1924 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
1911 1925 # News from Moldova (in russian):
1912 1926 # https://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
1913 1927
1914 1928 # From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02):
1915 1929 # http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077
1916 1930 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01):
1917 1931 # The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that
1918 1932 # 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also,
1919 1933 # https://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara
1920 1934 # says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time.
1921 1935 # Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU.
1922 1936
1923 1937 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1924 1938 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
1925 1939 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
1926 1940
1927 1941 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1928 1942 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1929 1943 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1930 1944 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1931 1945 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1932 1946 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1933 1947 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1934 1948 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2:00
1935 1949 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
1936 1950 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1937 1951 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1938 1952 2:00 Moldova EE%sT
1939 1953
1940 1954 # Monaco
1941 1955 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1942 1956 # more precise 0:09:21.
1943 1957 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1944 1958 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1945 1959 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1946 1960 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1947 1961 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1948 1962 1:00 EU CE%sT
1949 1963
1950 1964 # Montenegro
1951 1965 # See Europe/Belgrade.
1952 1966
1953 1967 # Netherlands
1954 1968
1955 1969 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1956 1970 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1957 1971
1958 1972 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
1959 1973 # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
1960 1974 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
1961 1975 # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
1962 1976 # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
1963 1977 # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
1964 1978 # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
1965 1979 # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
1966 1980 # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
1967 1981 #
1968 1982 # (2001-04-08):
1969 1983 # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
1970 1984 # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
1971 1985 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1972 1986 #
1973 1987 # (2001-04-09):
1974 1988 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1975 1989 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1976 1990 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1977 1991 # actually followed.
1978 1992 #
1979 1993 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1980 1994 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
1981 1995 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1982 1996 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1983 1997 # adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1984 1998 #
1985 1999 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1986 2000 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1987 2001 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1988 2002 # Amsterdam mean time.
1989 2003
1990 2004 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from
1991 2005 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
1992 2006
1993 2007 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1994 2008 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1995 2009 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1996 2010 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1997 2011 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1998 2012 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1999 2013 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
2000 2014 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
2001 2015 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
2002 2016 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
2003 2017 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
2004 2018 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
2005 2019 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
2006 2020 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
|
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2007 2021 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
2008 2022 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
2009 2023 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
2010 2024 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
2011 2025 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
2012 2026 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
2013 2027 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
2014 2028 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
2015 2029 Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
2016 2030 #
2017 -# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
2031 +# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13, but the .13 is omitted
2018 2032 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
2019 2033 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2020 2034 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
2021 2035 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
2022 2036 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00
2023 2037 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
2024 2038 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
2025 2039 1:00 EU CE%sT
2026 2040
2027 2041 # Norway
2028 2042 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
2029 2043 # Pottenger.
2030 2044 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2031 2045 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
2032 2046 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2033 2047 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
2034 2048 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
2035 2049 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
2036 2050 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
2037 2051 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
2038 2052 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2039 2053 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
2040 2054 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
2041 2055 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
2042 2056 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
2043 2057 1:00 EU CE%sT
2044 2058
2045 2059 # Svalbard & Jan Mayen
2046 2060
2047 2061 # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
2048 2062 # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
2049 2063 # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
2050 2064 # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
2051 2065 # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
2052 2066 # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
2053 2067 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and
2054 2068 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation
2055 2069 # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
2056 2070 # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
2057 2071 # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
2058 2072 # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been
2059 2073 # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
2060 2074 # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by
2061 2075 # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
2062 2076 # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
2063 2077 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
2064 2078 # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
2065 2079
2066 2080 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
2067 2081 #
2068 2082 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
2069 2083 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
2070 2084 # keeping Berlin time.
2071 2085 #
2072 2086 # <https://www.jan-mayen.no/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
2073 2087 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
2074 2088 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
2075 2089 # frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
2076 2090 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
2077 2091 # the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
2078 2092 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
2079 2093 #
2080 2094 # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
2081 2095 # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
2082 2096 # <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
2083 2097 # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
2084 2098 # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
2085 2099 # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
2086 2100 # http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html
2087 2101 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
2088 2102 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
2089 2103 #
2090 2104 # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
2091 2105 # for these regions.
2092 2106 Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
2093 2107
2094 2108 # Poland
2095 2109
2096 2110 # The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
2097 2111 # <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2.
2098 2112
2099 2113 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2100 2114 Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
2101 2115 Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
2102 2116 Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
2103 2117 # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2104 2118 Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2105 2119 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2106 2120 Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
2107 2121 Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2108 2122 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
2109 2123 # Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
2110 2124 # https://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
2111 2125 # Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
2112 2126 # He also gives these further references:
2113 2127 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
2114 2128 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
2115 2129 Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
2116 2130 Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
2117 2131 Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
2118 2132 Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2119 2133 Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
2120 2134 Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
2121 2135 Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
2122 2136 Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2123 2137 Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
2124 2138 Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
2125 2139 Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
2126 2140 Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
2127 2141 Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
2128 2142 Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2129 2143 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2130 2144 Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
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2131 2145 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
2132 2146 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
2133 2147 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
2134 2148 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
2135 2149 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
2136 2150 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977
2137 2151 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
2138 2152 1:00 EU CE%sT
2139 2153
2140 2154 # Portugal
2141 -#
2155 +
2142 2156 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
2143 2157 # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
2144 2158 # https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
2145 2159 # Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
2146 -# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees
2147 -# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for
2148 -# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.
2160 +# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett....
2149 2161 #
2162 +# From Michael Deckers (2018-02-15):
2163 +# article 5 [of the 1911 decree; Deckers's translation] ...:
2164 +# These dispositions shall enter into force at the instant at which,
2165 +# according to the 2nd article, the civil day January 1, 1912 begins,
2166 +# all clocks therefore having to be advanced or set back correspondingly ...
2167 +
2150 2168 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
2151 2169 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
2152 2170 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
2153 2171 #
2154 2172 # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
2155 2173 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
2156 2174 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
2157 2175 #
2158 2176 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
2159 2177 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
2160 2178 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
2161 2179 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
2162 2180 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
2163 2181 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
2164 2182 # harmonized with EU rules), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
2165 2183 #
2166 2184 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2167 2185 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
2168 2186 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
2169 2187 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2170 2188 Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
2171 2189 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2172 2190 Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
2173 2191 Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
2174 2192 Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
2175 2193 Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
2176 2194 Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
2177 2195 Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
2178 2196 Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
2179 2197 Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2180 2198 Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
2181 2199 Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
2182 2200 Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2183 2201 Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
2184 2202 Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
2185 2203 Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
2186 2204 Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
2187 2205 # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2188 2206 Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2189 2207 Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
2190 2208 Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
2191 2209 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2192 2210 Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2193 2211 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
2194 2212 Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
2195 2213 Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
2196 2214 # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2197 2215 Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
2198 2216 Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
2199 2217 Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2200 2218 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2201 2219 Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
2202 2220 Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
2203 2221 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
2204 2222 Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
2205 2223 Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2206 2224 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
2207 2225 Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
2208 2226 Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
2209 2227 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
2210 2228 Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
2211 2229 Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
2212 2230 Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
2213 2231 Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
2214 2232 Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2215 2233 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
2216 2234 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2217 2235 # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
2218 2236 # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2219 2237 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
2220 2238 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2221 2239 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
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2222 2240 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
2223 2241 Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
2224 2242 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
2225 2243 Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2226 2244 Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2227 2245 Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
2228 2246 Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
2229 2247 #
2230 2248 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2231 2249 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
2232 - -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
2250 + -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 0:00u # Lisbon MT
2233 2251 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2234 2252 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
2235 2253 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2236 2254 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2237 2255 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
2238 2256 0:00 EU WE%sT
2239 2257 # This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
2240 2258 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
2241 - -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time
2259 + -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 2:00u # Horta MT
2242 2260 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
2243 2261 -2:00 Port +00 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
2244 2262 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
2245 2263 -2:00 Port +00 1943 Aug 28 22:00s
2246 2264 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
2247 2265 -2:00 Port +00 1944 Aug 26 22:00s
2248 2266 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
2249 2267 -2:00 Port +00 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
2250 2268 -2:00 Port -02/-01 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2251 2269 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2252 2270 -1:00 W-Eur -01/+00 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2253 2271 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
2254 2272 -1:00 EU -01/+00
2255 2273 # This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
2256 2274 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
2257 - -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time
2275 + -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u # Funchal MT
2258 2276 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
2259 2277 -1:00 Port +01 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
2260 2278 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
2261 2279 -1:00 Port +01 1943 Aug 28 22:00s
2262 2280 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
2263 2281 -1:00 Port +01 1944 Aug 26 22:00s
2264 2282 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
2265 2283 -1:00 Port +01 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
2266 2284 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2267 2285 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2268 2286 0:00 EU WE%sT
2269 2287
2270 2288 # Romania
2271 2289 #
2272 2290 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
2273 2291 # Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
2274 2292 # (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
2275 2293 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
2276 2294 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
2277 2295 # the same year as Bulgaria.
2278 2296 #
2279 2297 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2280 2298 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
2281 2299 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
2282 2300 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
2283 2301 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
2284 2302 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2285 2303 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
2286 2304 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2287 2305 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2288 2306 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
2289 2307 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2290 2308 Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
2291 2309 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
2292 2310 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
2293 2311 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2294 2312 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
2295 2313 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2296 2314 2:00 EU EE%sT
2297 2315
2298 2316
2299 2317 # Russia
2300 2318
2301 2319 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
2302 2320 # Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011
2303 2321 # (Government document
2304 2322 # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
2305 2323 # in Russian)
2306 2324 # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
2307 2325 # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
2308 2326 # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
2309 2327 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
2310 2328
2311 2329 # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
2312 2330 # Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
2313 2331 # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
2314 2332 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
2315 2333
2316 2334 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2317 2335 # Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
2318 2336 # changed in September 2011:
2319 2337 #
2320 2338 # One source is
2321 2339 # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
2322 2340 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
2323 2341 # 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
2324 2342 #
2325 2343 # Another source is
2326 2344 # https://rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
2327 2345 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
2328 2346 # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
2329 2347 # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
2330 2348 # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
2331 2349 # does not contain any "effective date" information.
2332 2350 #
2333 2351 # Another source is
2334 2352 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
2335 2353 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011...
2336 2354 # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2337 2355 # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
2338 2356 #
2339 2357 # The Wikipedia article refers to
2340 2358 # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
2341 2359 # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
2342 2360 #
2343 2361 # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
2344 2362 # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2345 2363 # with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
2346 2364 # get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
2347 2365 # Conradi notes).
2348 2366 #
2349 2367 # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
2350 2368 #
2351 2369 # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
2352 2370
2353 2371 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
2354 2372 # According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
2355 2373 # http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
2356 2374 # the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
2357 2375 # winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new
2358 2376 # regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
2359 2377 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
2360 2378 # Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
2361 2379 # 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
2362 2380 # areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
2363 2381 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
2364 2382 #
2365 2383 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
2366 2384 # Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
2367 2385 # http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
2368 2386 # http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
2369 2387 # http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
2370 2388 # From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will look like this:
2371 2389 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
2372 2390
2373 2391 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2374 2392 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
2375 2393 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
2376 2394 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
2377 2395 # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
2378 2396 #
2379 2397 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
2380 2398 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
2381 2399 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
2382 2400 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
2383 2401 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
2384 2402 #
2385 2403 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
2386 2404 # 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
2387 2405 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
2388 2406 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
2389 2407 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
2390 2408 #
2391 2409 # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
2392 2410 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
2393 2411 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
2394 2412 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
2395 2413 #
2396 2414 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
2397 2415 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
2398 2416 # News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
2399 2417 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
2400 2418 # the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
2401 2419 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
2402 2420 #
2403 2421 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
2404 2422 # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
2405 2423 # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the
2406 2424 # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
2407 2425 # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
2408 2426 # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
2409 2427 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
2410 2428 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
2411 2429
2412 2430 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2413 2431 # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
2414 2432 # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
2415 2433 # are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
2416 2434 # listing. The region codes listed come from
2417 2435 # https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
2418 2436 # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
2419 2437 # future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
2420 2438 # divisions where available.
2421 2439
2422 2440 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2423 2441
2424 2442
2425 2443 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2426 2444 # Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
2427 2445 # 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
2428 2446
2429 2447 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2430 2448 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2431 2449
2432 2450 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2433 2451 # http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni
2434 2452 # confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented.
2435 2453 # (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that
2436 2454 # summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But
2437 2455 # 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.)
2438 2456 # ...
2439 2457 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
2440 2458 # says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided
2441 2459 # at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to
2442 2460 # Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19.
2443 2461
2444 2462 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
2445 2463 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2446 2464 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
2447 2465 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2448 2466 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2449 2467 3:00 - +03 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2450 2468 2:00 - EET
2451 2469
2452 2470
2453 2471 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and
2454 2472 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2455 2473 # Europe/Moscow covers...
2456 2474 # 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
2457 2475 # 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
2458 2476 # 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
2459 2477 # 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
2460 2478 # 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
2461 2479 # 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
2462 2480 # 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
2463 2481 # 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
2464 2482 # 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
2465 2483 # 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
2466 2484 # 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
2467 2485 # 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
2468 2486 # 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
2469 2487 # 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
2470 2488 # 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
2471 2489 # 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
2472 2490 # 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
2473 2491 # 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
2474 2492 # 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
2475 2493 # 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast
2476 2494 # 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast
2477 2495 # 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
2478 2496 # 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
2479 2497 # 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
2480 2498 # 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
2481 2499 # 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
2482 2500 # 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
2483 2501 # 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
2484 2502 # 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
2485 2503 # 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
2486 2504 # 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
2487 2505 # 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
2488 2506 # 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
2489 2507 # 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
2490 2508 # 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
2491 2509 # 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
2492 2510 # 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
2493 2511 # 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
2494 2512 # 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
2495 2513 # 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
2496 2514 # 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
2497 2515 # 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
2498 2516 # 77 RU-MOW Moscow
2499 2517 # 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
2500 2518 # 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2501 2519
2502 2520 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
2503 2521 # The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919. Decree No. 59
2504 2522 # (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time
2505 2523 # zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854
2506 2524 # specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT.
2507 2525 # No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date;
2508 2526 # later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are
2509 2527 # taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks.
2510 2528 # (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.)
2511 2529
2512 2530 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2513 2531 # 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982.
2514 2532 # Wikipedia refers to
2515 2533 # http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html
2516 2534 # http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm
2517 2535 #
2518 2536 # The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn
2519 2537 # magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to
2520 2538 # the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the
2521 2539 # same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses
2522 2540 # time belt changes map).
2523 2541 #
2524 2542 # The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to
2525 2543 # introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt
2526 2544 # border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous
2527 2545 # Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka
2528 2546 # according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that
2529 2547 # "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time
2530 2548 # belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on
2531 2549 # 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was
2532 2550 # supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2
2533 2551 # hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01
2534 2552 # is also provided.
2535 2553 #
2536 2554 # The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems
2537 2555 # and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not
2538 2556 # moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan,
2539 2557 # Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian,
2540 2558 # Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol
2541 2559 # krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo,
2542 2560 # Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and
2543 2561 # Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky
2544 2562 # district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous
2545 2563 # Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end
2546 2564 # up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow
2547 2565 # time.
2548 2566 #
2549 2567 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
2550 2568 # attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers
2551 2569 # of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds
2552 2570 # Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky
2553 2571 # district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. Probably erroneously.
2554 2572 #
2555 2573 # The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow,
2556 2574 # Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk.
2557 2575 #
2558 2576 # 12. Udmurtia
2559 2577 # The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i
2560 2578 # Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from
2561 2579 # Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act.
2562 2580 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
2563 2581 # implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01.
2564 2582 # Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991.
2565 2583 #
2566 2584 # ...
2567 2585 #
2568 2586 # All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at
2569 2587 # 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1
2570 2588 # change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia).
2571 2589 #
2572 2590 # There were some exceptions, though.
2573 2591 # Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd,
2574 2592 # Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992
2575 2593 # change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some
2576 2594 # lists found in the internet are quite wild.)
2577 2595 #
2578 2596 # And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment.
2579 2597 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
2580 2598 # says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the
2581 2599 # 1991-03-31 switch and one person at
2582 2600 # https://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html
2583 2601 # says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception
2584 2602 # 2 days before the switch.
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2585 2603 #
2586 2604 #
2587 2605 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2588 2606 # Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the
2589 2607 # chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries
2590 2608 # should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the
2591 2609 # time in Moscow.
2592 2610
2593 2611 # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
2594 2612 # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
2595 -# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
2613 +# Observatory (coordinates: 55° 45' 29.70", 37° 34' 05.30")....
2596 2614 # LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
2597 2615 # (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
2598 2616 # The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
2599 2617 # Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
2600 2618 # was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
2601 -# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
2619 +# coordinates: 59° 46' 18.70", 30° 19' 40.70") so 30° 19' 40.70" >
2602 2620 # 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
2603 2621 # 2:31:19 ...
2604 2622 #
2605 2623 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
2606 2624 # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
2607 2625 # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
2608 2626 # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
2609 2627 # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
2610 2628
2611 2629 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
2612 2630 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
2613 2631 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2614 2632 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
2615 2633 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2616 2634 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2617 2635 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2618 2636 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2619 2637 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2620 2638 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2621 2639 3:00 - MSK
2622 2640
2623 2641
2624 2642 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
2625 2643 # Europe/Simferopol covers Crimea.
2626 2644
2627 2645 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2628 2646 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2629 2647 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2630 2648 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2631 2649 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2632 2650 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2633 2651 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2634 2652 2:00 - EET 1992
2635 2653 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
2636 2654 #
2637 2655 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2638 2656 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2639 2657 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2640 2658 # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
2641 2659 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
2642 2660 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
2643 2661 # changed in May.
2644 2662 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2645 2663 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2646 2664 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s
2647 2665 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2648 2666 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2649 2667 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2650 2668 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2651 2669 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2652 2670 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
2653 2671 # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
2654 2672 # https://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
2655 2673 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
2656 2674 # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
2657 2675 # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
2658 2676 # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
2659 2677 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
2660 2678 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2661 2679 3:00 - MSK
2662 2680
2663 2681
2664 2682 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2665 2683 # Europe/Astrakhan covers:
2666 2684 # 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
2667 2685 #
2668 2686 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2669 2687
2670 2688 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12):
2671 2689 # On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation
2672 2690 # Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time)....
2673 2691 # This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00.
2674 2692 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2675 2693 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
2676 2694
2677 2695 Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May
2678 2696 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2679 2697 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2680 2698 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2681 2699 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2682 2700 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2683 2701 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2684 2702 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2685 2703 4:00 - +04
2686 2704
2687 2705 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
2688 2706 # Europe/Volgograd covers:
2689 2707 # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2690 2708 # The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
2691 2709
2692 2710 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2693 2711 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2694 2712 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11
2695 2713 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
2696 2714 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2697 2715 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2698 2716 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2699 2717 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2700 2718 3:00 - +03
2701 2719
2702 2720 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
2703 2721 # Europe/Saratov covers:
2704 2722 # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2705 2723
2706 2724 # From Yuri Konotopov (2016-11-11):
2707 2725 # Dec 4, 2016 02:00 UTC+3.... Saratov Region's local time will be ... UTC+4.
2708 2726 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-11):
2709 2727 # ... Byalokoz listed Saratov on 03:04:18.
2710 2728 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-22):
2711 2729 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031
2712 2730
2713 2731 Zone Europe/Saratov 3:04:18 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2714 2732 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2715 2733 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
2716 2734 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2717 2735 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2718 2736 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2719 2737 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2720 2738 3:00 - +03 2016 Dec 4 2:00s
2721 2739 4:00 - +04
2722 2740
2723 2741 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2724 2742 # Europe/Kirov covers:
2725 2743 # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2726 2744 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2727 2745 #
2728 2746 Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2729 2747 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2730 2748 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2731 2749 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2732 2750 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2733 2751 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2734 2752 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2735 2753 3:00 - +03
2736 2754
2737 2755 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2738 2756 # Europe/Samara covers...
2739 2757 # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
2740 2758 # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
2741 2759
2742 2760 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2743 2761 # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
2744 2762 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2745 2763
2746 2764 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2747 2765 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2748 2766 4:00 - +04 1935 Jan 27
2749 2767 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2750 2768 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2751 2769 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2752 2770 3:00 - +03 1991 Oct 20 3:00
2753 2771 4:00 Russia +04/+05 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2754 2772 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2755 2773 4:00 - +04
2756 2774
2757 2775 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2758 2776 # Europe/Ulyanovsk covers:
2759 2777 # 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
2760 2778
2761 2779 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
2762 2780
2763 2781 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
2764 2782 # Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am.
2765 2783 # Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ...
2766 2784 # 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading.
2767 2785 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2768 2786 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051
2769 2787
2770 2788 Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
2771 2789 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2772 2790 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2773 2791 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2774 2792 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2775 2793 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2776 2794 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2777 2795 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2778 2796 4:00 - +04
2779 2797
2780 2798 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2781 2799 # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
2782 2800 # 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
2783 2801 # 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
2784 2802 # 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
2785 2803 # 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
2786 2804 # 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
2787 2805 # 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
2788 2806 # 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
2789 2807 # 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
2790 2808 # 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2791 2809 #
2792 2810 # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
2793 2811 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
2794 2812
2795 2813 # Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
2796 2814 # Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
2797 2815 # Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
2798 2816 # The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
2799 2817
2800 2818 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3
2801 2819 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
2802 2820 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2803 2821 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2804 2822 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2805 2823 5:00 Russia +05/+06 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2806 2824 6:00 - +06 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2807 2825 5:00 - +05
2808 2826
2809 2827
2810 2828 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2811 2829 # Asia/Omsk covers...
2812 2830 # 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
2813 2831
2814 2832 # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
2815 2833
2816 2834 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
2817 2835 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2818 2836 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2819 2837 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2820 2838 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2821 2839 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2822 2840 6:00 - +06
2823 2841
2824 2842 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
2825 2843 # Asia/Barnaul covers:
2826 2844 # 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
2827 2845 # 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
2828 2846
2829 2847 # Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2830 2848
2831 2849 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
2832 2850 # Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
2833 2851 # http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
2834 2852 # suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
2835 2853 # 1995-05-28.
2836 2854 #
2837 2855 # https://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
2838 2856 # has some historical data for Altai Krai:
2839 2857 # before 1957: west part on UT+6, east on UT+7
2840 2858 # after 1957: UT+7
2841 2859 # since 1995: UT+6
2842 2860 # http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
2843 2861 # confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date.
2844 2862
2845 2863 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
2846 2864 # Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones
2847 2865 # by March 27, 2016 at 2am....
2848 2866 # Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ...
2849 2867 # Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7)
2850 2868 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
2851 2869 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043
2852 2870 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038
2853 2871
2854 2872 Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10
2855 2873 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2856 2874 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2857 2875 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2858 2876 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28
2859 2877 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2860 2878 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2861 2879 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
2862 2880 7:00 - +07
2863 2881
2864 2882 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2865 2883 # Asia/Novosibirsk covers:
2866 2884 # 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
2867 2885
2868 2886 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30):
2869 2887 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6
2870 2888 # moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7.
2871 2889 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04):
2872 2890 # The law was signed yesterday and published today on
2873 2891 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064
2874 2892
2875 2893 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
2876 2894 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2877 2895 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2878 2896 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2879 2897 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
2880 2898 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2881 2899 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2882 2900 6:00 - +06 2016 Jul 24 2:00s
2883 2901 7:00 - +07
2884 2902
2885 2903 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2886 2904 # Asia/Tomsk covers:
2887 2905 # 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
2888 2906
2889 2907 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24):
2890 2908 # Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51.
2891 2909
2892 2910 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
2893 2911 # Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow.
2894 2912
2895 2913 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19):
2896 2914 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743
2897 2915 # (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time)
2898 2916 # / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ...
2899 2917 # Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their
2900 2918 # GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally
2901 2919 # belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced
2902 2920 # with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a
2903 2921 # 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014).
2904 2922
2905 2923 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12):
2906 2924 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6
2907 2925 # This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast
2908 2926 # from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at
2909 2927 # 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by
2910 2928 # the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President
2911 2929 # and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected
2912 2930 # before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the
2913 2931 # recent changes).
2914 2932 #
2915 2933 # Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws,
2916 2934 # the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule
2917 2935 # http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/
2918 2936 # http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303
2919 2937 # I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the
2920 2938 # bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday,
2921 2939 # approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and
2922 2940 # published as a law around 2016-04-26.
2923 2941
2924 2942 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26):
2925 2943 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048
2926 2944
2927 2945 Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22
2928 2946 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2929 2947 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2930 2948 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2931 2949 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00
2932 2950 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2933 2951 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2934 2952 6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s
2935 2953 7:00 - +07
2936 2954
2937 2955
2938 2956 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2939 2957 # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
2940 2958 # 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
2941 2959
2942 2960 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
2943 2961 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
2944 2962 # March 28, 2010:
2945 2963 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
2946 2964 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
2947 2965 #
2948 2966 # This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September
2949 2967 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
2950 2968 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
2951 2969 #
2952 2970 # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
2953 2971 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
2954 2972 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
2955 2973 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
2956 2974 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
2957 2975 #
2958 2976 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
2959 2977 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
2960 2978
2961 2979 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2962 2980 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
2963 2981 # realigning itself with KRAT.
2964 2982
2965 2983 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1
2966 2984 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2967 2985 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2968 2986 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2969 2987 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2970 2988 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2971 2989 7:00 - +07
2972 2990
2973 2991 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2974 2992 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
2975 2993 # 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
2976 2994 # 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
2977 2995 # 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
2978 2996 #
2979 2997 # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
2980 2998 # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
2981 2999
2982 3000 # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
2983 3001
2984 3002 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
2985 3003 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
2986 3004 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2987 3005 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2988 3006 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2989 3007 8:00 - +08 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2990 3008 7:00 - +07
2991 3009
2992 3010
2993 3011 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2994 3012 # Asia/Irkutsk covers...
2995 3013 # 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
2996 3014 # 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
2997 3015 #
2998 3016 # Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
2999 3017 # merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
3000 3018
3001 3019 # Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15.
3002 3020 # Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05.
3003 3021 # Go with Byalokoz.
3004 3022
3005 3023 Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880
3006 3024 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
3007 3025 7:00 - +07 1930 Jun 21
3008 3026 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3009 3027 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3010 3028 8:00 Russia +08/+09 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3011 3029 9:00 - +09 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3012 3030 8:00 - +08
3013 3031
3014 3032
3015 3033 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
3016 3034 # Asia/Chita covers...
3017 3035 # 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
3018 3036 #
3019 3037 # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
3020 3038 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
3021 3039
3022 3040 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02):
3023 3041 # [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) -
3024 3042 # Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will
3025 3043 # be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am....
3026 3044 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107
3027 3045
3028 3046 Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
3029 3047 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
3030 3048 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3031 3049 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3032 3050 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3033 3051 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3034 3052 8:00 - +08 2016 Mar 27 2:00
3035 3053 9:00 - +09
3036 3054
3037 3055
3038 3056 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
3039 3057 # Asia/Yakutsk covers...
3040 3058 # 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
3041 3059 #
3042 3060 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
3043 3061 # 14-02 **** Aldansky District
3044 3062 # 14-04 **** Amginsky District
3045 3063 # 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
3046 3064 # 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
3047 3065 # 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
3048 3066 # 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District
3049 3067 # 14-11 **** Gorny District
3050 3068 # 14-12 **** Zhigansky District
3051 3069 # 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District
3052 3070 # 14-14 **** Lensky District
3053 3071 # 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District
3054 3072 # 14-16 **** Mirninsky District
3055 3073 # 14-18 **** Namsky District
3056 3074 # 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District
3057 3075 # 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District
3058 3076 # 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District
3059 3077 # 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District
3060 3078 # 14-26 **** Suntarsky District
3061 3079 # 14-27 **** Tattinsky District
3062 3080 # 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District
3063 3081 # 14-32 **** Khangalassky District
3064 3082 # 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District
3065 3083 # 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
3066 3084
3067 3085 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3068 3086 # Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
3069 3087 # Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
3070 3088 # Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
3071 3089
3072 3090 # Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
3073 3091
3074 3092 Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
3075 3093 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
3076 3094 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3077 3095 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3078 3096 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3079 3097 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3080 3098 9:00 - +09
3081 3099
3082 3100
3083 3101 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
3084 3102 # Asia/Vladivostok covers...
3085 3103 # 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
3086 3104 # 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
3087 3105 # 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
3088 3106 #
3089 3107 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
3090 3108 # 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District
3091 3109 # 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District
3092 3110
3093 3111 # Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5.
3094 3112 # Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31.
3095 3113 # Go with Byalokoz.
3096 3114
3097 3115 Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
3098 3116 9:00 - +09 1930 Jun 21
3099 3117 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3100 3118 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3101 3119 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3102 3120 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3103 3121 10:00 - +10
3104 3122
3105 3123
3106 3124 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3107 3125 # Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
3108 3126 # 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
3109 3127 # 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
3110 3128
3111 3129 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
3112 3130 # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
3113 3131 # in 2011.
3114 3132
3115 3133 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
3116 3134 # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
3117 3135 # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
3118 3136 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
3119 3137
3120 3138 Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
3121 3139 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
3122 3140 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3123 3141 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3124 3142 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2004
3125 3143 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3126 3144 11:00 - +11 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
3127 3145 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3128 3146 9:00 - +09
3129 3147
3130 3148
3131 3149 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3132 3150 # Asia/Sakhalin covers...
3133 3151 # 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
3134 3152 # ...with the exception of:
3135 3153 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
3136 3154
3137 3155 # From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22):
3138 3156 # Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
3139 3157 # (2016-03-09):
3140 3158 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044
3141 3159
3142 3160 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
3143 3161 Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
3144 3162 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 25
3145 3163 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T
3146 3164 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3147 3165 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
3148 3166 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3149 3167 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3150 3168 10:00 - +10 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
3151 3169 11:00 - +11
3152 3170
3153 3171
3154 3172 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
3155 3173 # Asia/Magadan covers...
3156 3174 # 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
3157 3175
3158 3176 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
3159 3177 # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
3160 3178 # several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
3161 3179 # the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
3162 3180 # until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
3163 3181 # need their own zone.
3164 3182
3165 3183 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27):
3166 3184 # ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
3167 3185 # will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock
3168 3186 #
3169 3187 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05):
3170 3188 # ... signed by the President today ...
3171 3189 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038
3172 3190
3173 3191 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
3174 3192 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
3175 3193 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3176 3194 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3177 3195 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3178 3196 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3179 3197 10:00 - +10 2016 Apr 24 2:00s
3180 3198 11:00 - +11
3181 3199
3182 3200
3183 3201 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
3184 3202 # Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
3185 3203 # 14-01 **** Abyysky District
3186 3204 # 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
3187 3205 # 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
3188 3206 # 14-17 **** Momsky District
3189 3207 # 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
3190 3208 # 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District
3191 3209 #
3192 3210 # ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
3193 3211 # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
3194 3212
3195 3213 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
3196 3214 # Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
3197 3215 # most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
3198 3216 # 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
3199 3217 # of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
3200 3218 # Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
3201 3219
3202 3220 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
3203 3221 # Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
3204 3222 # There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
3205 3223 # Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
3206 3224 #
3207 3225 # Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
3208 3226 # districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
3209 3227 # lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
3210 3228 # each! (Yikes!)
3211 3229 # https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
3212 3230 # https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
3213 3231 # Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
3214 3232 #
3215 3233 # Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
3216 3234 # fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
3217 3235 # 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
3218 3236 # recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of
3219 3237 # http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
3220 3238 # in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
3221 3239 # settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
3222 3240 # Go with Srednekolymsk.
3223 3241
3224 3242 Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
3225 3243 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21
3226 3244 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3227 3245 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3228 3246 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3229 3247 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3230 3248 11:00 - +11
3231 3249
3232 3250
3233 3251 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3234 3252 # Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
3235 3253 # 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
3236 3254
3237 3255 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
3238 3256 # Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
3239 3257 # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
3240 3258 #
3241 3259 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
3242 3260 # It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
3243 3261 # as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
3244 3262 # Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
3245 3263 # UTC+12 since at least then, too.
3246 3264
3247 3265 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
3248 3266 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
3249 3267 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1981 Apr 1
3250 3268 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3251 3269 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3252 3270 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3253 3271 12:00 - +12 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
3254 3272 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
3255 3273 10:00 - +10
3256 3274
3257 3275
3258 3276 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
3259 3277 # Asia/Kamchatka covers...
3260 3278 # 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
3261 3279 #
3262 3280 # Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
3263 3281 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
3264 3282
3265 3283 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
3266 3284 # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
3267 3285 Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
3268 3286 11:00 - +11 1930 Jun 21
3269 3287 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3270 3288 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3271 3289 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
3272 3290 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3273 3291 12:00 - +12
3274 3292
3275 3293
3276 3294 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
3277 3295 # Asia/Anadyr covers...
3278 3296 # 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
3279 3297
3280 3298 Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
3281 3299 12:00 - +12 1930 Jun 21
3282 3300 13:00 Russia +13/+14 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
3283 3301 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3284 3302 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3285 3303 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
3286 3304 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
3287 3305 12:00 - +12
3288 3306
3289 3307
3290 3308 # San Marino
3291 3309 # See Europe/Rome.
3292 3310
3293 3311 # Serbia
3294 3312 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3295 3313 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
3296 3314 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
3297 3315 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
3298 3316 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
3299 3317 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
3300 3318 # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
3301 3319 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
3302 3320 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
3303 3321 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
3304 3322 1:00 EU CE%sT
3305 3323 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
3306 3324 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
3307 3325 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
3308 3326 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
3309 3327 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
3310 3328
3311 3329 # Slovakia
3312 3330 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
3313 3331
3314 3332 # Slovenia
3315 3333 # See Europe/Belgrade.
3316 3334
3317 3335 # Spain
3318 3336 #
3319 3337 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-14):
3320 3338 #
3321 3339 # The source for Europe/Madrid before 2013 is:
3322 3340 # Planesas P. La hora oficial en España y sus cambios.
3323 3341 # Anuario del Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid (2013, in Spanish).
3324 3342 # http://astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficialenespana.pdf
3325 3343 # As this source says that historical time in the Canaries is obscure,
3326 3344 # and it does not discuss Ceuta, stick with Shanks for now for that data.
3327 3345 #
3328 3346 # In the 1918 and 1919 fallback transitions in Spain, the clock for
3329 3347 # the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that
3330 3348 # the repeated instances of that day's 00:00 hour were 24 hours apart,
3331 3349 # with a fallback transition from the second occurrence of 00:59... to
3332 3350 # the next day's 00:00. Our data format cannot represent this
3333 3351 # directly, and instead repeats the first hour of the next day, with a
3334 3352 # fallback transition from the next day's 00:59... to 00:00.
3335 3353
3336 3354 # From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15):
3337 3355 # The Royal Decree of 1900-06-26 quoted by Planesas, online at
3338 3356 # https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf
3339 3357 # says in its article 5 (my translation):
3340 3358 # These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the
3341 3359 # instant at which, according to the time indicated in article 1,
3342 3360 # the 1st day of January of 1901 will begin.
3343 3361
3344 3362 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3345 3363 Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
3346 3364 Rule Spain 1918 1919 - Oct 6 24:00s 0 -
3347 3365 Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 6 23:00 1:00 S
3348 3366 Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00 1:00 S
3349 3367 Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 24:00s 0 -
3350 3368 Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
3351 3369 Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
3352 3370 Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
3353 3371 Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
3354 3372 Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
3355 3373 # Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until 1939-03-28.
3356 3374 Rule Spain 1937 only - Jun 16 23:00 1:00 S
3357 3375 Rule Spain 1937 only - Oct 2 24:00s 0 -
3358 3376 Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3359 3377 Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 30 23:00 2:00 M
3360 3378 Rule Spain 1938 only - Oct 2 24:00 1:00 S
3361 3379 # The following rules are for unified Spain again.
3362 3380 #
3363 3381 # Planesas does not say what happened in Madrid between its fall on
3364 3382 # 1939-03-28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on
3365 3383 # 1939-04-15. For lack of better info, assume Madrid's clocks did not
3366 3384 # change during that period.
3367 3385 #
3368 3386 # The first rule is commented out, as it is redundant for Republican Spain.
3369 3387 #Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
3370 3388 Rule Spain 1939 only - Oct 7 24:00s 0 -
3371 3389 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 23:00 1:00 S
3372 3390 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 1:00 0 -
3373 3391 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
3374 3392 Rule Spain 1943 1944 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3375 3393 Rule Spain 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3376 3394 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
3377 3395 Rule Spain 1949 only - Oct 2 1:00 0 -
3378 3396 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=12 23:00 1:00 S
3379 3397 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
3380 3398 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
3381 3399 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
3382 3400 Rule Spain 1977 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
3383 3401 Rule Spain 1978 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
3384 3402 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
3385 3403 # Nationalist Spain during the civil war
3386 3404 #Rule NatSpain 1937 only - May 22 23:00 1:00 S
3387 3405 #Rule NatSpain 1937 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
3388 3406 #Rule NatSpain 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00 1:00 S
3389 3407 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
3390 3408 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
3391 3409 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3392 3410 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
3393 3411 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
3394 3412 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3395 3413 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
3396 3414 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3397 3415 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3398 3416 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
3399 3417 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3400 3418 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:45:16
3401 3419 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00
3402 3420 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
3403 3421 1:00 EU CE%sT
3404 3422 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:38:44
3405 3423 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
3406 3424 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
3407 3425 0:00 - WET 1924
3408 3426 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
3409 3427 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
3410 3428 1:00 - CET 1986
3411 3429 1:00 EU CE%sT
3412 3430 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
3413 3431 -1:00 - -01 1946 Sep 30 1:00
3414 3432 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
3415 3433 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u
3416 3434 0:00 EU WE%sT
3417 3435 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
3418 3436 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
3419 3437
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3420 3438 # Sweden
3421 3439
3422 3440 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
3423 3441 #
3424 3442 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
3425 3443 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
3426 3444 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
3427 3445 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
3428 3446 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
3429 3447 #
3430 -# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
3448 +# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30"
3431 3449 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
3432 3450 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
3433 3451 #
3434 3452 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
3435 3453 # författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
3436 3454 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
3437 3455 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
3438 3456 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
3439 3457 # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
3440 3458 # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
3441 3459 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
3442 3460 #
3443 3461 # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
3444 3462 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
3445 3463 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
3446 3464 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
3447 3465 #
3448 3466 # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
3449 3467 # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
3450 3468 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
3451 3469 # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
3452 3470 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
3453 3471 # the Sök-button).
3454 3472 #
3455 3473 # (2001-05-13):
3456 3474 #
3457 3475 # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
3458 3476 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
3459 3477 # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
3460 3478 # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
3461 3479 # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
3462 3480 # hour before the event took place.
3463 3481 #
3464 3482 # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
3465 3483
3466 3484 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3467 3485 Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
3468 3486 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
3469 3487 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
3470 3488 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00
3471 3489 1:00 - CET 1980
3472 3490 1:00 EU CE%sT
3473 3491
3474 3492 # Switzerland
3475 3493 # From Howse:
3476 3494 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
3477 3495 # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
3478 3496 # mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
3479 3497 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3480 3498 # From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
3481 3499 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
3482 3500 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
3483 3501 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
3484 3502 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
3485 3503 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
3486 3504
3487 3505 # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
3488 3506 # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.
3489 3507 #
3490 3508 # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
3491 3509 # to be wrong. This is now verified.
3492 3510 #
3493 3511 # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
3494 3512 # government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
3495 3513 # federal law collection)...
3496 3514 #
3497 3515 # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
3498 3516 # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
3499 3517 #
3500 3518 # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am
3501 3519 # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am
3502 3520 #
3503 3521 # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
3504 3522 # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law
3505 3523 # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
3506 3524 # other years are made.
3507 3525 #
3508 3526 # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
3509 3527 # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
3510 3528 # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
3511 3529 # a thing had happened in Switzerland.
3512 3530 #
3513 3531 # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de
3514 3532 # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
3515 3533 # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
3516 3534 # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
3517 3535 #
3518 3536 # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
3519 3537 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3520 3538 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3521 3539 #
3522 3540 # The 1940 rules must be deleted.
3523 3541 #
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3524 3542 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
3525 3543 # most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
3526 3544 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
3527 3545 # the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
3528 3546 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
3529 3547 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
3530 3548 #
3531 3549 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
3532 3550 # The Federal regulations say
3533 3551 # https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
3534 -# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
3552 +# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7° 26' 22.50".
3535 3553 # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
3536 3554
3537 3555 # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
3538 3556 # the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893)
3539 3557 # http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353
3540 3558 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
3541 3559 # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
3542 3560 # hour before the beginning of service.
3543 3561
3544 3562 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
3545 3563 # Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
3546 3564 #
3547 3565 # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
3548 3566 # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
3549 3567 #
3550 3568 # Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
3551 3569 # Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
3552 3570 # ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
3553 3571 #
3554 3572 # suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
3555 3573 # agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
3556 3574 # most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
3557 3575 # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
3558 3576 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
3559 3577 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
3560 3578 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
3561 3579 # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
3562 3580 # (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
3563 3581 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
3564 3582 # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
3565 3583
3566 3584 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3567 3585 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3568 3586 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3569 3587 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3570 3588 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
3571 3589 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
3572 3590 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
3573 3591 1:00 EU CE%sT
3574 3592
3575 3593 # Turkey
3576 3594
3577 3595 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25):
3578 3596 # 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with
3579 3597 # no exceptions.
3580 3598 # 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ...
3581 3599 # Here are official papers:
3582 3600 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf - page 2 for 1986
3583 3601 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf - page 4 for 1987
3584 3602 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf - page 15 for 1988
3585 3603 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf - page 6 for 1989
3586 3604 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf - page 1 for 1990 - 1992
3587 3605 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf - page 15 for 1993 - 1995
3588 3606 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf - page 1 for overriding 1994
3589 3607 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf - page 1 for 1996, 1997
3590 3608 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf - page 10 for 1998 - 2000
3591 3609 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001
3592 3610 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006
3593 3611 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25):
3594 3612 # Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1985.
3595 3613
3596 3614 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
3597 3615 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
3598 3616 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
3599 3617 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
3600 3618 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
3601 3619 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
3602 3620 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
3603 3621 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
3604 3622 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
3605 3623
3606 3624 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
3607 3625 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
3608 3626 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
3609 3627 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
3610 3628 # https://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
3611 3629 # Turkish:
3612 3630 # https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-bir-gun-ileri-alindi-17230464
3613 3631
3614 3632 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3615 3633 # The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
3616 3634 # Turkish Local election....
3617 3635 # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
3618 3636 # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
3619 3637 # From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
3620 3638 # Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
3621 3639 # I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
3622 3640 # change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
3623 3641 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
3624 3642 # The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
3625 3643 # change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See:
3626 3644 # Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
3627 3645 # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
3628 3646 # I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
3629 3647
3630 3648 # From Fatih (2015-09-29):
3631 3649 # It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy.
3632 3650 # Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00
3633 3651 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217
3634 3652 #
3635 3653 # From BBC News (2015-10-25):
3636 3654 # Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a
3637 3655 # government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan
3638 3656 # Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan.
3639 3657 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326
3640 3658
3641 3659 # From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08):
3642 3660 # Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter....
3643 3661 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf
3644 3662 #
3645 3663 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07):
3646 3664 # The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey.
3647 3665 # It takes effect today, which is not much notice.
3648 3666
3649 3667 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2017-10-28):
3650 3668 # Turkey will go back to Daylight Saving Time starting 2018-10.
3651 3669 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/10/20171028-5.pdf
3652 3670 #
3653 3671 # From Even Scharning (2017-11-08):
3654 3672 # ... today it was announced that the DST will become "continuous":
3655 3673 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/son-dakika-yaz-saati-uygulamasi-surekli-hale-geldi-40637482
3656 3674 # From Paul Eggert (2017-11-08):
3657 3675 # Although Google Translate misfires on that source, it looks like
3658 3676 # Turkey reversed last month's decision, and so will stay at +03.
3659 3677
3660 3678 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3661 3679 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3662 3680 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3663 3681 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
3664 3682 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
3665 3683 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
3666 3684 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
3667 3685 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3668 3686 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3669 3687 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
3670 3688 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3671 3689 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
3672 3690 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3673 3691 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3674 3692 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
3675 3693 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
3676 3694 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
3677 3695 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
3678 3696 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3679 3697 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
3680 3698 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3681 3699 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
3682 3700 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
3683 3701 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3684 3702 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3685 3703 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3686 3704 Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
3687 3705 Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
3688 3706 Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
3689 3707 Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
3690 3708 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
3691 3709 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3692 3710 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
3693 3711 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3694 3712 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
3695 3713 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3696 3714 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
3697 3715 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
3698 3716 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
3699 3717 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
3700 3718 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
3701 3719 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
3702 3720 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
3703 3721 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
3704 3722 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3705 3723 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3706 3724 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
3707 3725 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
3708 3726 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
3709 3727 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
3710 3728 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
3711 3729 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
3712 3730 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
3713 3731 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3714 3732 Rule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3715 3733 Rule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3716 3734 Rule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S
3717 3735 Rule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3718 3736 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3719 3737 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3720 3738 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
3721 3739 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
3722 3740 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
3723 3741 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1985 Apr 20
3724 3742 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
3725 3743 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
3726 3744 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
3727 3745 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
3728 3746 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
3729 3747 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u
3730 3748 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u
3731 3749 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7
3732 3750 3:00 - +03
3733 3751 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
3734 3752
3735 3753 # Ukraine
3736 3754 #
3737 3755 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
3738 3756 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
3739 3757 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government
3740 3758 # regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
3741 3759 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
3742 3760 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
3743 3761 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
3744 3762
3745 3763 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
3746 3764 # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
3747 3765 # abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
3748 3766 #
3749 3767 # Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
3750 3768 # approval from 266 deputies.
3751 3769 #
3752 3770 # Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
3753 3771 # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
3754 3772 #
3755 3773 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
3756 3774 # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
3757 3775 #
3758 3776 # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
3759 3777 # https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
3760 3778 #
3761 3779 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
3762 3780 # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
3763 3781 # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
3764 3782 # time this year after all.
3765 3783 #
3766 3784 # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
3767 3785 # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone
3768 3786 # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
3769 3787 # to Russia) was reverted today:
3770 3788 # http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
3771 3789 #
3772 3790 # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
3773 3791 # The law documents themselves are at
3774 3792 # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
3775 3793
3776 3794 # From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
3777 3795 # First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST:
3778 3796 # 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST
3779 3797 # 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3780 3798 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134.
3781 3799 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html
3782 3800 #
3783 3801 # They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law,
3784 3802 # "summer time" was still in action):
3785 3803 # 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3786 3804 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
3787 3805 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html
3788 3806 #
3789 3807 # Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action):
3790 3808 # 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3791 3809 #
3792 3810 # DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended):
3793 3811 # 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST
3794 3812 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
3795 3813 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
3796 3814 # This is an answer.
3797 3815 #
3798 3816 # Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure:
3799 3817 # 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started
3800 3818 # 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended
3801 3819 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
3802 3820 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
3803 3821
3804 3822 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3805 3823 # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
3806 3824 # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3807 3825 # "Kiev" is more common in English.
3808 3826 Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
3809 3827 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
3810 3828 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3811 3829 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
3812 3830 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
3813 3831 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3814 3832 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
3815 3833 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3816 3834 2:00 EU EE%sT
3817 3835 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
3818 3836 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
3819 3837 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
3820 3838 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
3821 3839 1:00 - CET 1940
3822 3840 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
3823 3841 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
3824 3842 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
3825 3843 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
3826 3844 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3827 3845 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
3828 3846 2:00 - EET 1992
3829 3847 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3830 3848 2:00 EU EE%sT
3831 3849 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
3832 3850 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3833 3851 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
3834 3852 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
3835 3853 # portable Posix file names.
3836 3854 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
3837 3855 2:20 - +0220 1924 May 2
3838 3856 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3839 3857 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
3840 3858 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
3841 3859 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3842 3860 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3843 3861 2:00 EU EE%sT
3844 3862
3845 3863 # Vatican City
3846 3864 # See Europe/Rome.
3847 3865
3848 3866 ###############################################################################
3849 3867
3850 3868 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
3851 3869 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
3852 3870 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
3853 3871 #
3854 3872 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
3855 3873 # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
3856 3874 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
3857 3875 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
3858 3876 # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
3859 3877 # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
3860 3878
3861 3879 # ...
3862 3880 # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
3863 3881 # From: Tom Hofmann
3864 3882 # ...
3865 3883 #
3866 3884 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
3867 3885 # most European countries started DST. Before that year, only
3868 3886 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
3869 3887 # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
3870 3888 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
3871 3889 # years...
3872 3890 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
3873 3891 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
3874 3892 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
3875 3893 # lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
3876 3894 #
3877 3895 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
3878 3896 # Soviet Union (as far as I know).
3879 3897 #
3880 3898 # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
3881 3899 # 4002 Basle, Switzerland
3882 3900 # ...
3883 3901
3884 3902 # ...
3885 3903 # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
3886 3904 # From: Dik T. Winter
3887 3905 # ...
3888 3906 #
3889 3907 # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
3890 3908 # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
3891 3909 # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
3892 3910 #
3893 3911 # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
3894 3912 # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
3895 3913 # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
3896 3914 # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
3897 3915 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
3898 3916 # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
3899 3917 # dates...
3900 3918 #
3901 3919 # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
3902 3920 # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
3903 3921 # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
3904 3922 # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
3905 3923 # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
3906 3924 # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
3907 3925 # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
3908 3926 # in advance of normal time.
3909 3927 #
3910 3928 # ...
3911 3929 # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
3912 3930 # ...
3913 3931
3914 3932 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
3915 3933 # ...
3916 3934 # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
3917 3935 # Since 1978. Change at midnight.
3918 3936 # ...
3919 3937 # Monaco: has same DST as France.
3920 3938 # ...
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