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NEX-17697 update tzdata to 2018e
Reviewed by: Dan Fields <dan.fields@nexenta.com>
Reviewed by: Roman Strashkin <roman.strashkin@nexenta.com>
8968 update tzdata to 2018a
Reviewed by: Toomas Soome <tsoome@me.com>
Reviewed by: Robert Mustacchi <rm@joyent.com>
Approved by: Richard Lowe <richlowe@richlowe.net>
NEX-15458 update zoneinfo to 2017c
Reviewed by: Roman Strashkin <roman.strashkin@nexenta.com>
NEX-15458 update zoneinfo to 2017c
Reviewed by: Roman Strashkin <roman.strashkin@nexenta.com>
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--- old/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/australasia
+++ new/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/australasia
1 1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3 3
4 4 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
5 5
6 6 # Notes are at the end of this file
7 7
8 8 ###############################################################################
9 9
10 10 # Australia
11 11
12 12 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
13 13
14 14 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
15 15 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D
16 16 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S
17 17 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D
18 18 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S
19 19 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D
20 20 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
21 21 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D
22 22 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
23 23 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
24 24 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
25 25
26 26 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
27 27 # Northern Territory
28 28 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
29 29 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
30 30 9:30 Aus AC%sT
31 31 # Western Australia
32 32 #
33 33 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
34 34 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
35 35 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
36 36 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
37 37 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
38 38 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D
39 39 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
40 40 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D
41 41 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
42 42 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
43 43 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
44 44 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul
45 45 8:00 AW AW%sT
46 46 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
47 47 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul
48 48 8:45 AW +0845/+0945
49 49
50 50 # Queensland
51 51 #
52 52 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
53 53 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
54 54 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
55 55 # Queensland ceased to.
56 56 #
57 57 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
58 58 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
59 59 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
60 60 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
61 61 # so use Lindeman.
62 62 #
63 63 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
64 64 # There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday
65 65 # islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the
66 66 # north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and
67 67 # Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone
68 68 # applies to all of the Whitsundays.
69 69 # http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands
70 70 #
71 71 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
72 72 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
73 73 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
74 74 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
75 75 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
76 76 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
77 77 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
78 78 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
79 79 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
80 80 10:00 AQ AE%sT
81 81 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
82 82 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
83 83 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul
84 84 10:00 Holiday AE%sT
85 85
86 86 # South Australia
87 87 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
88 88 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
89 89 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
90 90 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
91 91 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
92 92 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
93 93 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
94 94 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S
95 95 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S
96 96 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S
97 97 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S
98 98 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
99 99 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S
100 100 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
101 101 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
102 102 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
103 103 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
104 104 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
105 105 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
106 106 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
107 107 9:30 AS AC%sT
108 108
109 109 # Tasmania
110 110 #
111 111 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
112 112 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
113 113 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
114 114 #
115 115 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
116 116 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
117 117 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
118 118 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
119 119 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S
120 120 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
121 121 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
122 122 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
123 123 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
124 124 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
125 125 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
126 126 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D
127 127 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
128 128 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
129 129 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
130 130 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
131 131 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
132 132 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
133 133 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
134 134 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
135 135 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
136 136 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
137 137 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
138 138 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
139 139 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
140 140 10:00 AT AE%sT
141 141 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
142 142 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
143 143 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
144 144 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul
145 145 10:00 AT AE%sT
146 146
147 147 # Victoria
148 148 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
149 149 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
150 150 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
151 151 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
152 152 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
153 153 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
154 154 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
155 155 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
156 156 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
157 157 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
158 158 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
159 159 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
160 160 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
161 161 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
162 162 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
163 163 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
164 164 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
165 165 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
166 166 10:00 AV AE%sT
167 167
168 168 # New South Wales
169 169 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
170 170 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
171 171 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
172 172 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
173 173 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
174 174 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
175 175 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
176 176 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
177 177 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
178 178 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
179 179 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
180 180 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
181 181 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
182 182 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
183 183 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
184 184 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
185 185 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
186 186 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
187 187 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
188 188 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
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189 189 10:00 AN AE%sT
190 190 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
191 191 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23
192 192 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
193 193 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
194 194 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000
195 195 9:30 AS AC%sT
196 196
197 197 # Lord Howe Island
198 198 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
199 -Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
200 -Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
201 -Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
202 -Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
203 -Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D
204 -Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
205 -Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
206 -Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
207 -Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
208 -Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
209 -Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
210 -Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
211 -Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
212 -Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D
199 +Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
200 +Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
201 +Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
202 +Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
203 +Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
204 +Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
205 +Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
206 +Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
207 +Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
208 +Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
209 +Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
210 +Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
211 +Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
212 +Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
213 213 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
214 214 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar
215 215 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul
216 216 10:30 LH +1030/+11
217 217
218 218 # Australian miscellany
219 219 #
220 220 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
221 221 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
222 222 # no times are set
223 223 #
224 224 # Coral Sea Is
225 225 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
226 226 # no times are set
227 227 #
228 228 # Macquarie
229 229 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
230 230 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
231 231 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
232 232 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
233 233 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
234 234 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
235 235 #
236 236 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
237 237 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
238 238 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
239 239 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
240 240 # on 4 April.
241 241 #
242 242 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
243 243 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
244 244 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
245 245 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
246 246 # pre-2013 versions of localtime.
247 247 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov
248 248 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
249 249 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
250 250 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
251 251 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25
252 252 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
253 253 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
254 254 11:00 - +11
255 255
256 256 # Christmas
257 257 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
258 258 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
259 259 7:00 - +07
260 260
261 261 # Cocos (Keeling) Is
262 262 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
263 263 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
264 264 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
265 265 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
266 266 6:30 - +0630
267 267
268 268
269 269 # Fiji
270 270
271 271 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
272 272
273 273 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
274 274 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
275 275 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
276 276 #
277 277 # "Daylight savings to commence this month"
278 278 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
279 279 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
280 280
281 281 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
282 282 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
283 283 # amendments:
284 284 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
285 285
286 286 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
287 287 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
288 288 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
289 289 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
290 290 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
291 291 #
292 292 # Official source:
293 293 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
294 294 #
295 295 # A bit more background info here:
296 296 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
297 297
298 298 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
299 299 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
300 300 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
301 301 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
302 302 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
303 303 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
304 304 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
305 305
306 306 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
307 307 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
308 308 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
309 309 #
310 310 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
311 311 # which says
312 312 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
313 313 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
314 314 # 2am on February 26 next year.
315 315
316 316 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
317 317 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
318 318 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
319 319 #
320 320 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
321 321 # states:
322 322 #
323 323 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
324 324 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
325 325 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
326 326 # on the 23rd of October, 2011.
327 327
328 328 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
329 329 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
330 330 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
331 331 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
332 332 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
333 333
334 334 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
335 335 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
336 336 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
337 337 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
338 338
339 339 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
340 340 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
341 341 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx
342 342
343 343 # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20):
344 344 # DST will start Nov. 2 this year.
345 345 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx
346 346
347 347 # From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77
348 348 # in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28),
349 349 # via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02):
350 350 # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time
351 351 # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at
352 352 # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016.
353 353
354 354 # From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04):
355 355 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx
356 356 # "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when
357 357 # clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will
358 358 # end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017."
359 359
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360 360 # From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21):
361 361 # Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing
362 362 # Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27),
363 363 # [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate.
364 364 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 03:00
365 365 # the first Sunday on or after January 14. Although ad hoc, it matches
366 366 # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future
367 367 # practice than guessing no DST.
368 368
369 369 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
370 -Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
370 +Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
371 371 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
372 -Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
372 +Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 -
373 373 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
374 -Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
374 +Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 -
375 375 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
376 376 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
377 377 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
378 -Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
378 +Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
379 379 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=14 3:00 0 -
380 380 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
381 381 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
382 382 12:00 Fiji +12/+13
383 383
384 384 # French Polynesia
385 385 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
386 386 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
387 387 -9:00 - -09
388 388 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
389 389 -9:30 - -0930
390 390 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
391 391 -10:00 - -10
392 392 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
393 393 # it is uninhabited.
394 394
395 395 # Guam
396 396 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
397 397 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
398 398 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
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399 399 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
400 400 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
401 401 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
402 402
403 403 # Kiribati
404 404 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
405 405 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
406 406 12:00 - +12
407 407 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
408 408 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct
409 - -11:00 - -11 1995
409 + -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31
410 410 13:00 - +13
411 411 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
412 412 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct
413 - -10:00 - -10 1995
413 + -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31
414 414 14:00 - +14
415 415
416 416 # N Mariana Is
417 417 # See Pacific/Guam.
418 418
419 419 # Marshall Is
420 420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
421 421 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
422 422 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
423 423 12:00 - +12
424 424 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
425 425 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
426 426 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20
427 427 12:00 - +12
428 428
429 429 # Micronesia
430 430 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
431 431 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
432 432 10:00 - +10
433 433 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
434 434 11:00 - +11
435 435 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
436 436 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
437 437 12:00 - +12 1999
438 438 11:00 - +11
439 439
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440 440 # Nauru
441 441 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
442 442 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
443 443 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15
444 444 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15
445 445 11:30 - +1130 1979 May
446 446 12:00 - +12
447 447
448 448 # New Caledonia
449 449 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
450 -Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
450 +Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 -
451 451 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
452 -Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
452 +Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 -
453 453 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
454 454 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
455 455 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
456 456 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
457 457 11:00 NC +11/+12
458 458
459 459
460 460 ###############################################################################
461 461
462 462 # New Zealand
463 463
464 464 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
465 465 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
466 466 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
467 467 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
468 468 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
469 469 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
470 470 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
471 471 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
472 -# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
473 -# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
474 -# so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
472 +# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a
473 +# there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this
474 +# transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change
475 +# time to percolate out.
475 476 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
476 -Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
477 +Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 -
477 478 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
478 -Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
479 +Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 -
479 480 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
480 -Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
481 +Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 -
481 482 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
482 -Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
483 +Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 -
483 484 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
484 -Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
485 +Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 -
485 486 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
486 -Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
487 +Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 -
487 488 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
488 -Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
489 +Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 -
489 490 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
490 -Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
491 +Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 -
491 492 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
492 -Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
493 +Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 -
493 494 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
494 495 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
495 496 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
496 497 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
497 498 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
498 499 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1
499 500 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345
500 501
501 502 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
502 503
503 504 # Auckland Is
504 505 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
505 506 # and scientific personnel have wintered
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506 507
507 508 # Campbell I
508 509 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
509 510 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
510 511 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
511 512 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
512 513
513 514 # Cook Is
514 515 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
515 516 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
516 -Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
517 +Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 -
517 518 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
518 -Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
519 +Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 -
519 520 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
520 521 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
521 522 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12
522 523 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930
523 524
524 525 ###############################################################################
525 526
526 527
527 528 # Niue
528 529 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
529 530 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
530 531 -11:20 - -1120 1951
531 532 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1
532 533 -11:00 - -11
533 534
534 535 # Norfolk
535 536 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
536 537 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
537 538 11:12 - +1112 1951
538 539 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00
539 540 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00
540 541 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00
541 542 11:00 - +11
542 543
543 544 # Palau (Belau)
544 545 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
545 546 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
546 547 9:00 - +09
547 548
548 549 # Papua New Guinea
549 550 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
550 551 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
551 552 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
552 553 10:00 - +10
553 554 #
554 555 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
555 556 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
556 557 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
557 558 #
558 559 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
559 560 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
560 561 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
561 562 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
562 563 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
563 564 # https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
564 565 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
565 566 #
566 567 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11
567 568 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time".
568 569 # See:
569 570 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
570 571 #
571 572 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880
572 573 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895
573 574 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul
574 575 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21
575 576 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00
576 577 11:00 - +11
577 578
578 579 # Pitcairn
579 580 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
580 581 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
581 582 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00
582 583 -8:00 - -08
583 584
584 585 # American Samoa
585 586 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5
586 587 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
587 588 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
588 589 Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands
589 590
590 591 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
591 592
592 593 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
593 594 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
594 595 # the following info:
595 596 #
596 597 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
597 598 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
598 599 # Sunday of April 2011."
599 600 #
600 601 # Background info:
601 602 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
602 603 #
603 604 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
604 605 # contain any dates:
605 606 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
606 607
607 608 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
608 609 # Please see
609 610 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws
610 611 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
611 612 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
612 613 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
613 614 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
614 615
615 616 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
616 617 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
617 618 #
618 619 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
619 620 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
620 621 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
621 622 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
622 623
623 624 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
624 625 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
625 626 #
626 627 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
627 628
628 629 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
629 630 # The International Date Line Act 2011
630 631 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
631 632 # changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
632 633 # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted
633 634 # accordingly.
634 635
635 636 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
636 637 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
637 638 #
638 639 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
639 640 #
640 641 # DST
641 642 # Year End Time Start Time
642 643 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
643 644 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
644 645 #
645 646 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
646 647 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
647 648 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
648 649 #
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649 650 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
650 651 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
651 652 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
652 653 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
653 654 #
654 655 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
655 656 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
656 657 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
657 658
658 659 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
659 -Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D
660 -Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S
661 -Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D
662 -Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S
663 -Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
660 +Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 -
661 +Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 -
662 +Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 -
663 +Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 -
664 +Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 -
664 665 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
665 666 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5
666 667 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
667 668 -11:30 - -1130 1950
668 669 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00
669 670 13:00 WS +13/+14
670 671
671 672 # Solomon Is
672 673 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
673 674 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
674 675 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
675 676 11:00 - +11
676 677
677 678 # Tokelau
678 679 #
679 680 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
680 681 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
681 682 # December 31 this year ...
682 683 #
683 684 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
684 685 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
685 686 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
686 687 # Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
687 688 # actually was to UT-11 back then.
688 689 #
689 690 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
690 691 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
691 692 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
692 693 # <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau
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693 694 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
694 695 # are off by an hour starting in 1901.
695 696
696 697 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
697 698 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
698 699 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30
699 700 13:00 - +13
700 701
701 702 # Tonga
702 703 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
703 -Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
704 +Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 -
704 705 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
705 -Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
706 +Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
706 707 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
707 -Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
708 +Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
708 709 Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
709 710 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
710 711 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
711 712 12:20 - +1220 1941
712 713 13:00 - +13 1999
713 714 13:00 Tonga +13/+14
714 715
715 716 # Tuvalu
716 717 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
717 718 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
718 719 12:00 - +12
719 720
720 721
721 722 # US minor outlying islands
722 723
723 724 # Howland, Baker
724 725 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
725 726 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
726 727 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
727 728 # uninhabited thereafter.
728 729 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937;
729 730 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
730 731 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
731 732 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
732 733 # until they were abandoned after the war.
733 734
734 735 # Jarvis
735 736 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
736 737 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
737 738 # uninhabited thereafter.
738 739 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
739 740
740 741 # Johnston
741 742 #
742 743 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
743 744 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
744 745 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
745 746 # treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited,
746 747 # its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file.
747 748 #
748 749 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
749 750 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
750 751 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
751 752 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and
752 753 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
753 754 #
754 755 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
755 756 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
756 757 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
757 758 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the
758 759 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
759 760 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
760 761 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
761 762 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
762 763 # https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
763 764 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
764 765 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
765 766 # Minus One Hour".
766 767
767 768 # Kingman
768 769 # uninhabited
769 770
770 771 # Midway
771 772 # See Pacific/Pago_Pago.
772 773
773 774 # Palmyra
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774 775 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
775 776
776 777 # Wake
777 778 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
778 779 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
779 780 12:00 - +12
780 781
781 782
782 783 # Vanuatu
783 784 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
784 -Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
785 +Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 -
785 786 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
786 -Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
787 -Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
787 +Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 -
788 +Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 -
788 789 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
789 -Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
790 +Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 -
790 791 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
791 792 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
792 793 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12
793 794
794 795 # Wallis and Futuna
795 796 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
796 797 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
797 798 12:00 - +12
798 799
799 800 ###############################################################################
800 801
801 802 # NOTES
802 803
803 804 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
804 805 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
805 806 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
806 807 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
807 808
808 809 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
809 810 #
810 811 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
811 812 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
812 813 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
813 814 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
814 815 #
815 816 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
816 817 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
817 818 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
818 819 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
819 820 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
820 821 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
821 822 #
822 823 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
823 824 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
824 825 # I found in the UCLA library.
825 826 #
826 827 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
827 828 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
828 829 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
829 830 #
830 831 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
831 832 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
832 833 #
833 834 # The following abbreviations are from other sources.
834 835 # Corrections are welcome!
835 836 # std dst
836 837 # LMT Local Mean Time
837 838 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
838 839 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
839 840 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
840 841 # 10:00 GST Guam through 2000
841 842 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro
842 843 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
843 844 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
844 845 # -11:00 SST Samoa
845 846 # -10:00 HST Hawaii
846 847 #
847 848 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
848 849 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
849 850
850 851 ###############################################################################
851 852
852 853 # Australia
853 854
854 855 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
855 856 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
856 857 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
857 858 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
858 859 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
859 860 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
860 861 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
861 862 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
862 863 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
863 864 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
864 865 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
865 866 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
866 867
867 868 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
868 869 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
869 870 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
870 871 # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
871 872
872 873 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
873 874 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
874 875 # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving
875 876 # covers New South Wales in particular.
876 877
877 878 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
878 879 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
879 880 # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
880 881 # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
881 882 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
882 883 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
883 884 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
884 885 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
885 886 # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
886 887 # time'.
887 888 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
888 889 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
889 890 # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
890 891 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
891 892 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
892 893 # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
893 894 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
894 895
895 896 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
896 897 #
897 898 # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
898 899 # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
899 900 # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
900 901 # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
901 902 # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
902 903 # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
903 904 # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
904 905 # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web
905 906 # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
906 907 # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
907 908 # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
908 909 # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
909 910 #
910 911 # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
911 912 # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
912 913 # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
913 914 # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
914 915 # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
915 916 # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
916 917 # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
917 918 # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
918 919 # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
919 920 # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
920 921 #
921 922 # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
922 923 # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
923 924 #
924 925 # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
925 926 # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages
926 927 # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
927 928 # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
928 929 #
929 930 # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
930 931 # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au
931 932 #
932 933 # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
933 934 # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
934 935 # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
935 936 # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers
936 937 # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
937 938 # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
938 939 # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
939 940 #
940 941 # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
941 942 # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/>
942 943 # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
943 944 # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
944 945 # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
945 946 # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
946 947 # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
947 948 # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not
948 949 # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
949 950 # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
950 951 # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
951 952 # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
952 953 # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
953 954 # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
954 955 #
955 956 # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree:
956 957 #
957 958 # The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
958 959 # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
959 960 # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
960 961 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
961 962 #
962 963 # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
963 964 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
964 965 # EST CST WST EDT CDT
965 966 #
966 967 # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
967 968 # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
968 969 # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
969 970 #
970 971 # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
971 972 # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
972 973 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
973 974 #
974 975 # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
975 976 # https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
976 977 # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
977 978 #
978 979 # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
979 980 # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
980 981 # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
981 982 # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
982 983 # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
983 984 # appear in reports of events with international implications.
984 985 #
985 986 # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
986 987 # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
987 988 # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
988 989 # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
989 990 # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
990 991 # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
991 992 # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current
992 993 # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
993 994 # "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
994 995
995 996 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
996 997 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
997 998 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
998 999 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
999 1000 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
1000 1001 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
1001 1002 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
1002 1003
1003 1004 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
1004 1005 #
1005 1006 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
1006 1007 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
1007 1008 # relevant entries in this database.
1008 1009 #
1009 1010 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
1010 1011 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
1011 1012 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html
1012 1013 # ACT
1013 1014 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
1014 1015 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html
1015 1016 # SA
1016 1017 # Standard Time Act, 1898
1017 1018 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html
1018 1019
1019 1020 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
1020 1021 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
1021 1022 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
1022 1023 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
1023 1024 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
1024 1025 #
1025 1026 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
1026 1027 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
1027 1028 # to extend DST together in 2006.
1028 1029 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
1029 1030 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
1030 1031 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
1031 1032 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
1032 1033 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
1033 1034 # allude to it.
1034 1035 # But not Queensland
1035 1036 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
1036 1037
1037 1038 # Northern Territory
1038 1039
1039 1040 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1040 1041 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
1041 1042 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1042 1043 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
1043 1044 # ...
1044 1045 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
1045 1046
1046 1047 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1047 1048 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1048 1049 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
1049 1050
1050 1051 # Western Australia
1051 1052
1052 1053 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1053 1054 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
1054 1055 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1055 1056 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
1056 1057 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
1057 1058 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
1058 1059 # # before reaching parliament.
1059 1060 # ...
1060 1061 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
1061 1062 # ...
1062 1063 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1063 1064 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1064 1065 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1065 1066 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1066 1067
1067 1068 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1068 1069 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1069 1070 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
1070 1071
1071 1072 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
1072 1073 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
1073 1074 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
1074 1075 # work at 9.00am.)
1075 1076 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
1076 1077 # everybody again.
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1077 1078
1078 1079 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1079 1080 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
1080 1081 # it matches what was used in the past.
1081 1082
1082 1083 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
1083 1084 # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
1084 1085 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
1085 1086 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
1086 1087
1088 +# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01):
1089 +# The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the
1090 +# government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1,
1091 +# 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption
1092 +# would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing
1093 +# to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See:
1094 +# Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01.
1095 +# https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/
1096 +
1087 1097 # Queensland
1098 +
1099 +# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26):
1100 +# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST:
1101 +# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland.
1102 +# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403
1103 +# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS
1104 +
1088 1105 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1089 1106 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
1090 1107 # # [ Dec 1990 ]
1091 1108 # ...
1092 1109 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
1093 1110 # ...
1094 1111 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1095 1112 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
1096 1113 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1097 1114 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
1098 1115
1099 1116 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
1100 1117 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
1101 1118 # October 1989).
1102 1119
1103 1120 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1104 1121 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1105 1122 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1106 1123 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1107 1124
1108 1125 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
1109 1126 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
1110 1127 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
1111 1128 # me.)
1112 1129
1113 1130 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
1114 1131 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
1115 1132 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
1116 1133 # ...
1117 1134 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1118 1135 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1119 1136 # ...
1120 1137
1121 1138 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1122 1139 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
1123 1140
1124 1141 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
1125 1142 # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
1126 1143 # WA are trialing DST for three years.
1127 1144 # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
1128 1145
1129 1146 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
1130 1147 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
1131 1148 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
1132 1149 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
1133 1150 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
1134 1151 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
1135 1152 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
1136 1153 # Australia and Western Australia....
1137 1154 #
1138 1155 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
1139 1156 # This is confirmed by the section entitled
1140 1157 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in
1141 1158 # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html
1142 1159 #
1143 1160 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
1144 1161 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
1145 1162 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
1146 1163 # coast of the continent.
1147 1164 #
1148 1165 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
1149 1166 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
1150 1167 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
1151 1168 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
1152 1169 # the largest population centre in this zone....
1153 1170 #
1154 1171 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
1155 1172 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
1156 1173 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
1157 1174 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
1158 1175 #
1159 1176 # (2006-12-09):
1160 1177 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
1161 1178 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
1162 1179 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
1163 1180 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
1164 1181
1165 1182 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
1166 1183 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
1167 1184 # introduction of standard time in 1895.
1168 1185
1169 1186
1170 1187 # southeast Australia
1171 1188 #
1172 1189 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1173 1190 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
1174 1191 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
1175 1192 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
1176 1193
1177 1194
1178 1195 # South Australia
1179 1196
1180 1197 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1181 1198 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1182 1199 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1183 1200 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1184 1201
1185 1202 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1186 1203 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
1187 1204 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1188 1205 # ...
1189 1206 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
1190 1207 # ...
1191 1208 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1192 1209 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1193 1210 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
1194 1211 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1195 1212
1196 1213 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
1197 1214 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
1198 1215 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
1199 1216 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
1200 1217
1201 1218 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
1202 1219 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
1203 1220 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
1204 1221 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
1205 1222 # is on...
1206 1223
1207 1224 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
1208 1225 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
1209 1226 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
1210 1227 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
1211 1228
1212 1229 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
1213 1230 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
1214 1231 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
1215 1232 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
1216 1233
1217 1234 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
1218 1235 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
1219 1236 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
1220 1237 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
1221 1238
1222 1239 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1223 1240 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1224 1241
1225 1242 # Tasmania
1226 1243
1227 1244 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1228 1245 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1229 1246 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1230 1247 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1231 1248
1232 1249 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
1233 1250 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
1234 1251 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
1235 1252 # (but nothing new about that).
1236 1253
1237 1254 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
1238 1255 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
1239 1256 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
1240 1257 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
1241 1258 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
1242 1259 # instead of the first Sunday in October.
1243 1260
1244 1261 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
1245 1262 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
1246 1263
1247 1264 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1248 1265 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1249 1266
1250 1267 # Victoria
1251 1268
1252 1269 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1253 1270 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1254 1271 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1255 1272 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1256 1273
1257 1274 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
1258 1275 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
1259 1276 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
1260 1277 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
1261 1278 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
1262 1279 # in Melbourne, Australia.
1263 1280 #
1264 1281 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
1265 1282 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
1266 1283 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
1267 1284 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
1268 1285 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
1269 1286 # expected time.
1270 1287 #
1271 1288 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
1272 1289 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
1273 1290 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
1274 1291 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
1275 1292 #
1276 1293 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
1277 1294 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
1278 1295
1279 1296 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1280 1297 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1281 1298
1282 1299 # New South Wales
1283 1300
1284 1301 # From Arthur David Olson:
1285 1302 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
1286 1303 # Based on law library research by John Mackin,
1287 1304 # who notes:
1288 1305 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
1289 1306 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
1290 1307 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1291 1308 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1292 1309 # legislation. This is very important to understand.
1293 1310 # I have researched New South Wales time only...
1294 1311
1295 1312 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1296 1313 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1297 1314 # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore,
1298 1315 # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).
1299 1316 # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html
1300 1317
1301 1318 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1302 1319 # See the following official NSW source:
1303 1320 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1304 1321 # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ
1305 1322 #
1306 1323 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1307 1324 # daylight saving next year. See:
1308 1325 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1309 1326 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm
1310 1327 # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1311 1328 #
1312 1329 # Victoria will follow NSW. See:
1313 1330 # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
1314 1331 # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm
1315 1332 #
1316 1333 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1317 1334 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
1318 1335 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm
1319 1336 #
1320 1337 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1321 1338 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1322 1339 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm
1323 1340 # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1324 1341 # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1325 1342 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1326 1343 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1327 1344 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1328 1345 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
1329 1346 #
1330 1347 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1331 1348 # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
1332 1349 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm
1333 1350
1334 1351 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1335 1352 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1336 1353 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1337 1354
1338 1355 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1339 1356 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1340 1357 # towns to use Queensland time.
1341 1358
1342 1359 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1343 1360 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1344 1361
1345 1362 # Yancowinna
1346 1363
1347 1364 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
1348 1365 # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1349 1366
1350 1367 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1351 1368 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
1352 1369 # # [ Dec 1990 ]
1353 1370 # ...
1354 1371 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
1355 1372 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
1356 1373 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
1357 1374 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
1358 1375 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
1359 1376 # # presently available.
1360 1377 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
1361 1378 # ...
1362 1379 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1363 1380 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
1364 1381 # [followed by other Rules]
1365 1382
1366 1383 # Lord Howe Island
1367 1384
1368 1385 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1369 1386 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
1370 1387 # [ Dec 1990 ]
1371 1388 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
1372 1389 # hour ahead of NSW time.
1373 1390
1374 1391 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
1375 1392 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
1376 1393 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
1377 1394 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
1378 1395 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
1379 1396 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
1380 1397 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
1381 1398 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
1382 1399 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
1383 1400 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
1384 1401
1385 1402 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
1386 1403 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
1387 1404 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
1388 1405 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
1389 1406 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
1390 1407 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
1391 1408
1392 1409 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1393 1410 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
1394 1411 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
1395 1412
1396 1413 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1397 1414 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1398 1415
1399 1416 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
1400 1417 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
1401 1418 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1402 1419 # summer (southern hemisphere).
1403 1420 #
1404 1421 # From
1405 1422 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
1406 1423 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1407 1424 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
1408 1425 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1409 1426 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
1410 1427 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
1411 1428 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1412 1429 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
1413 1430 #
1414 1431 # We have a wrap-up here:
1415 1432 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
1416 1433 ###############################################################################
1417 1434
1418 1435 # New Zealand
1419 1436
1420 1437 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
1421 1438 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1422 1439 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1423 1440 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1424 1441 # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1425 1442
1426 1443 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1427 1444 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1428 1445 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1429 1446 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1430 1447 # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1431 1448 # ...
1432 1449 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1433 1450 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1434 1451 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1435 1452 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1436 1453 # ...
1437 1454 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1438 1455 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1439 1456
1440 1457 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1441 1458 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1442 1459 # rather than the October 1 value.
1443 1460
1444 1461 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1445 1462 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1446 1463 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1447 1464 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1448 1465 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1449 1466 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1450 1467 #
1451 1468 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1452 1469 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
1453 1470 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references.
1454 1471 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
1455 1472 #
1456 1473 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1457 1474 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1458 1475 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1459 1476
1460 1477 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1461 1478 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1462 1479 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1463 1480 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1464 1481 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1465 1482
1466 1483 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
1467 1484 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
1468 1485 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
1469 1486 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
1470 1487 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
1471 1488 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
1472 1489 # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
1473 1490 # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
1474 1491 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
1475 1492 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
1476 1493 # LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
1477 1494 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
1478 1495
1479 1496 ###############################################################################
1480 1497
1481 1498
1482 1499 # Fiji
1483 1500
1484 1501 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1485 1502 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1486 1503 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1487 1504
1488 1505 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1489 1506 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1490 1507 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1491 1508 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1492 1509
1493 1510 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1494 1511 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1495 1512
1496 1513 # From the BBC World Service in
1497 1514 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
1498 1515 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1499 1516 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
1500 1517 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
1501 1518 # of the new millennium.
1502 1519
1503 1520 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
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1504 1521 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1505 1522
1506 1523
1507 1524 # Kiribati
1508 1525
1509 1526 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1510 1527 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1511 1528 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
1512 1529 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1513 1530
1531 +# From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03):
1532 +# December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition
1533 +# would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995.
1534 +# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04):
1535 +# One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All:
1536 +# The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007).
1514 1537
1515 1538 # Kwajalein
1516 1539
1517 1540 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1518 1541 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1519 1542 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1520 1543 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1521 1544 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1522 1545
1523 1546
1524 1547 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1525 1548
1526 1549 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1527 1550 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1528 1551 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1529 1552 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1530 1553 # see Asia/Manila.
1531 1554
1532 1555 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
1533 1556 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1534 1557 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1535 1558 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1536 1559
1537 1560
1538 1561 # Micronesia
1539 1562
1540 1563 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1541 1564 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1542 1565 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1543 1566 #
1544 1567 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
1545 1568 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1546 1569
1547 1570 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1548 1571 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1549 1572 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1550 1573 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
1551 1574 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
1552 1575 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
1553 1576
1554 1577
1555 1578 # Midway
1556 1579
1557 1580 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1558 1581 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1559 1582 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1560 1583 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1561 1584 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1562 1585 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1563 1586 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1564 1587 # air at 6am your time.
1565 1588 #
1566 1589 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1567 1590 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1568 1591 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1569 1592 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1570 1593
1571 1594 # Norfolk
1572 1595
1573 1596 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
1574 1597 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
1575 1598 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
1576 1599 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
1577 1600 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
1578 1601
1579 1602 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
1580 1603 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
1581 1604 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
1582 1605 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
1583 1606 # other than in 1974/5. See:
1584 1607 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
1585 1608
1586 1609 # Pitcairn
1587 1610
1588 1611 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1589 1612 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1590 1613 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1591 1614 #
1592 1615 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1593 1616 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1594 1617 # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1595 1618 #
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1596 1619 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1597 1620 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1598 1621 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1599 1622
1600 1623 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1601 1624 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1602 1625 # ... at midnight.
1603 1626
1604 1627 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1605 1628 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1606 -# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1629 +# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in
1607 1630 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1608 1631
1609 1632
1610 1633 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
1611 1634
1612 1635 # Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean
1613 1636 # time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change
1614 1637 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1615 1638 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
1616 1639 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
1617 1640 # This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20.
1618 1641 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm
1619 1642
1620 1643 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30
1621 1644 # in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11
1622 1645 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
1623 1646 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
1624 1647 # Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950,
1625 1648 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
1626 1649 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
1627 1650 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
1628 1651
1629 1652
1630 1653 # Tonga
1631 1654
1632 1655 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1633 1656 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
1634 1657 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
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1635 1658 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1636 1659
1637 1660 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1638 1661 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
1639 1662 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
1640 1663 #
1641 1664 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1642 1665 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1643 1666 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1644 1667 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1645 -# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1668 +# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13°
1646 1669 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1647 1670 #
1648 1671 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1649 1672 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1650 1673 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1651 1674 #
1652 1675 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1653 1676 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1654 1677 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1655 1678 # minutes we have lost?"
1656 1679 #
1657 1680 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1658 1681 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1659 1682 # to say your prayers in the morning."
1660 1683
1661 1684 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1662 1685 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1663 1686
1664 1687 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1665 1688 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
1666 1689 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1667 1690 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1668 1691 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1669 1692 # Government.
1670 1693
1671 1694 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1672 1695 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1673 1696 #
1674 1697 # I was given this link by John Letts:
1675 1698 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1676 1699 #
1677 1700 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1678 1701 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1679 1702 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1680 1703 # (12 + 1 hour DST).
1681 1704
1682 1705 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
1683 1706 # According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>:
1684 1707 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1685 1708 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1686 1709 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1687 1710 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1688 1711 # set back an hour on the closing date."
1689 1712 # Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1690 1713
1691 1714 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1692 1715 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1693 1716 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1694 1717
1695 1718 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1696 1719 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1697 1720 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1698 1721 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1699 1722 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1700 1723 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1701 1724 # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>)
1702 1725
1703 1726 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1704 1727 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1705 1728
1706 1729 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1707 1730 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1708 1731 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1709 1732 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1710 1733 # hour to 1:00am.
1711 1734
1712 1735 # From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05):
1713 1736 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1714 1737
1715 1738 # From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27):
1716 1739 # http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017
1717 1740 # Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen
1718 1741 # the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set.
1719 1742 #
1720 1743 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26):
1721 1744 # Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00
1722 1745 # through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now.
1723 1746
1724 1747 # From David Wade (2017-10-18):
1725 1748 # In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister
1726 1749 # continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few
1727 1750 # decisions will be made until elections 16th November.
1728 1751 #
1729 1752 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1730 1753 # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing.
1731 1754
1732 1755
1733 1756 # Wake
1734 1757
1735 1758 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1736 1759 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1737 1760 #
1738 1761 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
1739 1762 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1740 1763 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1741 1764 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1742 1765 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1743 1766 # impossible.
1744 1767 #
1745 1768 # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
1746 1769
1747 1770 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1748 1771 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1749 1772
1750 1773 ###############################################################################
1751 1774
1752 1775 # The International Date Line
1753 1776
1754 1777 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1755 1778 #
1756 1779 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1757 1780 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1758 1781 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1759 1782 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1760 1783 #
1761 1784 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1762 1785 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1763 1786 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1764 1787 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1765 1788 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1766 1789 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1767 1790 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1768 1791 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1769 1792 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1770 1793 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1771 1794 # correct date is ambiguous.
1772 1795
1773 1796 # From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
1774 1797 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
1775 1798 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
1776 1799 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
1777 1800 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
1778 1801 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
1779 1802 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
1780 1803 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
1781 1804 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
1782 1805 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
1783 1806 # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were
1784 1807 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1785 1808 # independent merchant ships until World War II.
1786 1809
1787 1810 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1788 1811 # (2005-03-20):
1789 1812 #
1790 1813 # The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1791 1814 # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187
1792 1815 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1793 1816 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.
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