179 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
180 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
181 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
182 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
183 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
184 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
185 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
186 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
187 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
188 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
189 10:00 AN AE%sT
190 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
191 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23
192 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
193 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
194 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000
195 9:30 AS AC%sT
196
197 # Lord Howe Island
198 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
199 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
200 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
201 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
202 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
203 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D
204 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
205 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
206 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
207 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
208 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
209 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
210 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
211 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
212 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D
213 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
214 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar
215 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul
216 10:30 LH +1030/+11
217
218 # Australian miscellany
219 #
220 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
221 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
222 # no times are set
223 #
224 # Coral Sea Is
225 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
226 # no times are set
227 #
228 # Macquarie
229 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
230 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
231 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
232 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
350 # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time
351 # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at
352 # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016.
353
354 # From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04):
355 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx
356 # "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when
357 # clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will
358 # end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017."
359
360 # From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21):
361 # Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing
362 # Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27),
363 # [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate.
364 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 03:00
365 # the first Sunday on or after January 14. Although ad hoc, it matches
366 # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future
367 # practice than guessing no DST.
368
369 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
370 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
371 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
372 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
373 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
374 Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
375 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
376 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
377 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
378 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
379 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=14 3:00 0 -
380 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
381 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
382 12:00 Fiji +12/+13
383
384 # French Polynesia
385 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
386 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
387 -9:00 - -09
388 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
389 -9:30 - -0930
390 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
391 -10:00 - -10
392 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
393 # it is uninhabited.
394
395 # Guam
396 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
397 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
398 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
399 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
400 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
401 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
402
403 # Kiribati
404 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
405 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
406 12:00 - +12
407 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
408 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct
409 -11:00 - -11 1995
410 13:00 - +13
411 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
412 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct
413 -10:00 - -10 1995
414 14:00 - +14
415
416 # N Mariana Is
417 # See Pacific/Guam.
418
419 # Marshall Is
420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
421 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
422 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
423 12:00 - +12
424 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
425 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
426 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20
427 12:00 - +12
428
429 # Micronesia
430 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
431 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
432 10:00 - +10
433 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
434 11:00 - +11
435 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
436 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
437 12:00 - +12 1999
438 11:00 - +11
439
440 # Nauru
441 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
442 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
443 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15
444 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15
445 11:30 - +1130 1979 May
446 12:00 - +12
447
448 # New Caledonia
449 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
450 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
451 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
452 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
453 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
454 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
455 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
456 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
457 11:00 NC +11/+12
458
459
460 ###############################################################################
461
462 # New Zealand
463
464 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
465 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
466 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
467 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
468 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
469 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
470 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
471 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
472 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
473 # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
474 # so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
475 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
476 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
477 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
478 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
479 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
480 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
481 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
482 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
483 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
484 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
485 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
486 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
487 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
488 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
489 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
490 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
491 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
492 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
493 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
494 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
495 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
496 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
497 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
498 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1
499 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345
500
501 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
502
503 # Auckland Is
504 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
505 # and scientific personnel have wintered
506
507 # Campbell I
508 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
509 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
510 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
511 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
512
513 # Cook Is
514 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
515 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
516 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
517 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
518 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
519 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
520 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
521 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12
522 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930
523
524 ###############################################################################
525
526
527 # Niue
528 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
529 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
530 -11:20 - -1120 1951
531 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1
532 -11:00 - -11
533
534 # Norfolk
535 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
536 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
537 11:12 - +1112 1951
538 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00
639 #
640 # DST
641 # Year End Time Start Time
642 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
643 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
644 #
645 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
646 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
647 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
648 #
649 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
650 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
651 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
652 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
653 #
654 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
655 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
656 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
657
658 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
659 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D
660 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S
661 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D
662 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S
663 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
664 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
665 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5
666 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
667 -11:30 - -1130 1950
668 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00
669 13:00 WS +13/+14
670
671 # Solomon Is
672 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
673 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
674 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
675 11:00 - +11
676
677 # Tokelau
678 #
679 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
680 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
681 # December 31 this year ...
682 #
683 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
684 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
685 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
686 # Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
687 # actually was to UT-11 back then.
688 #
689 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
690 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
691 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
692 # <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau
693 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
694 # are off by an hour starting in 1901.
695
696 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
697 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
698 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30
699 13:00 - +13
700
701 # Tonga
702 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
703 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
704 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
705 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
706 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
707 Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
708 Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
709 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
710 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
711 12:20 - +1220 1941
712 13:00 - +13 1999
713 13:00 Tonga +13/+14
714
715 # Tuvalu
716 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
717 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
718 12:00 - +12
719
720
721 # US minor outlying islands
722
723 # Howland, Baker
724 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
725 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
726 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
727 # uninhabited thereafter.
764 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
765 # Minus One Hour".
766
767 # Kingman
768 # uninhabited
769
770 # Midway
771 # See Pacific/Pago_Pago.
772
773 # Palmyra
774 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
775
776 # Wake
777 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
778 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
779 12:00 - +12
780
781
782 # Vanuatu
783 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
784 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
785 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
786 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
787 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
788 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
789 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
790 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
791 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
792 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12
793
794 # Wallis and Futuna
795 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
796 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
797 12:00 - +12
798
799 ###############################################################################
800
801 # NOTES
802
803 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
804 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
805 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
806 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
807
808 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
809 #
1067 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1068 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1069 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
1070
1071 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
1072 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
1073 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
1074 # work at 9.00am.)
1075 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
1076 # everybody again.
1077
1078 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1079 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
1080 # it matches what was used in the past.
1081
1082 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
1083 # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
1084 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
1085 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
1086
1087 # Queensland
1088 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1089 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
1090 # # [ Dec 1990 ]
1091 # ...
1092 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
1093 # ...
1094 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1095 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
1096 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1097 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
1098
1099 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
1100 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
1101 # October 1989).
1102
1103 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1104 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1105 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1106 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1107
1494 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1495
1496 # From the BBC World Service in
1497 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
1498 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1499 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
1500 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
1501 # of the new millennium.
1502
1503 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1504 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1505
1506
1507 # Kiribati
1508
1509 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1510 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1511 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
1512 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1513
1514
1515 # Kwajalein
1516
1517 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1518 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1519 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1520 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1521 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1522
1523
1524 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1525
1526 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1527 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1528 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1529 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1530 # see Asia/Manila.
1531
1532 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
1533 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1586 # Pitcairn
1587
1588 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1589 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1590 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1591 #
1592 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1593 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1594 # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1595 #
1596 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1597 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1598 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1599
1600 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1601 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1602 # ... at midnight.
1603
1604 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1605 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1606 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1607 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1608
1609
1610 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
1611
1612 # Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean
1613 # time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change
1614 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1615 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
1616 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
1617 # This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20.
1618 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm
1619
1620 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30
1621 # in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11
1622 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
1623 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
1624 # Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950,
1625 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
1626 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
1627 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
1628
1629
1630 # Tonga
1631
1632 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1633 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
1634 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
1635 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1636
1637 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1638 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
1639 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
1640 #
1641 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1642 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1643 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1644 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1645 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1646 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1647 #
1648 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1649 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1650 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1651 #
1652 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1653 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1654 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1655 # minutes we have lost?"
1656 #
1657 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1658 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1659 # to say your prayers in the morning."
1660
1661 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1662 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1663
1664 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1665 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
|
179 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
180 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
181 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
182 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
183 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
184 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
185 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
186 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
187 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
188 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
189 10:00 AN AE%sT
190 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
191 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23
192 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
193 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
194 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000
195 9:30 AS AC%sT
196
197 # Lord Howe Island
198 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
199 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
200 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
201 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
202 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
203 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
204 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
205 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
206 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
207 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
208 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
209 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
210 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
211 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
212 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
213 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
214 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar
215 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul
216 10:30 LH +1030/+11
217
218 # Australian miscellany
219 #
220 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
221 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
222 # no times are set
223 #
224 # Coral Sea Is
225 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
226 # no times are set
227 #
228 # Macquarie
229 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
230 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
231 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
232 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
350 # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time
351 # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at
352 # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016.
353
354 # From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04):
355 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx
356 # "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when
357 # clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will
358 # end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017."
359
360 # From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21):
361 # Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing
362 # Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27),
363 # [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate.
364 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 03:00
365 # the first Sunday on or after January 14. Although ad hoc, it matches
366 # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future
367 # practice than guessing no DST.
368
369 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
370 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
371 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
372 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 -
373 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
374 Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 -
375 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
376 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
377 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
378 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
379 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=14 3:00 0 -
380 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
381 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
382 12:00 Fiji +12/+13
383
384 # French Polynesia
385 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
386 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
387 -9:00 - -09
388 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
389 -9:30 - -0930
390 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
391 -10:00 - -10
392 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
393 # it is uninhabited.
394
395 # Guam
396 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
397 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
398 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
399 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
400 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
401 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
402
403 # Kiribati
404 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
405 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
406 12:00 - +12
407 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
408 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct
409 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31
410 13:00 - +13
411 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
412 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct
413 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31
414 14:00 - +14
415
416 # N Mariana Is
417 # See Pacific/Guam.
418
419 # Marshall Is
420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
421 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
422 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
423 12:00 - +12
424 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
425 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
426 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20
427 12:00 - +12
428
429 # Micronesia
430 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
431 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
432 10:00 - +10
433 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
434 11:00 - +11
435 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
436 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
437 12:00 - +12 1999
438 11:00 - +11
439
440 # Nauru
441 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
442 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
443 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15
444 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15
445 11:30 - +1130 1979 May
446 12:00 - +12
447
448 # New Caledonia
449 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
450 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 -
451 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
452 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 -
453 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
454 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
455 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
456 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
457 11:00 NC +11/+12
458
459
460 ###############################################################################
461
462 # New Zealand
463
464 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
465 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
466 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
467 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
468 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
469 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
470 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
471 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
472 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a
473 # there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this
474 # transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change
475 # time to percolate out.
476 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
477 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 -
478 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
479 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 -
480 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
481 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 -
482 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
483 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 -
484 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
485 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 -
486 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
487 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 -
488 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
489 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 -
490 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
491 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 -
492 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
493 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 -
494 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
495 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
496 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
497 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
498 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
499 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1
500 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345
501
502 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
503
504 # Auckland Is
505 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
506 # and scientific personnel have wintered
507
508 # Campbell I
509 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
510 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
511 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
512 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
513
514 # Cook Is
515 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
516 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
517 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 -
518 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
519 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 -
520 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
521 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
522 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12
523 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930
524
525 ###############################################################################
526
527
528 # Niue
529 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
530 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
531 -11:20 - -1120 1951
532 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1
533 -11:00 - -11
534
535 # Norfolk
536 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
537 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
538 11:12 - +1112 1951
539 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00
640 #
641 # DST
642 # Year End Time Start Time
643 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
644 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
645 #
646 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
647 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
648 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
649 #
650 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
651 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
652 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
653 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
654 #
655 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
656 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
657 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
658
659 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
660 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 -
661 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 -
662 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 -
663 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 -
664 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 -
665 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
666 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5
667 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
668 -11:30 - -1130 1950
669 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00
670 13:00 WS +13/+14
671
672 # Solomon Is
673 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
674 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
675 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
676 11:00 - +11
677
678 # Tokelau
679 #
680 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
681 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
682 # December 31 this year ...
683 #
684 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
685 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
686 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
687 # Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
688 # actually was to UT-11 back then.
689 #
690 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
691 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
692 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
693 # <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau
694 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
695 # are off by an hour starting in 1901.
696
697 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
698 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
699 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30
700 13:00 - +13
701
702 # Tonga
703 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
704 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 -
705 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
706 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
707 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
708 Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
709 Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
710 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
711 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
712 12:20 - +1220 1941
713 13:00 - +13 1999
714 13:00 Tonga +13/+14
715
716 # Tuvalu
717 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
718 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
719 12:00 - +12
720
721
722 # US minor outlying islands
723
724 # Howland, Baker
725 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
726 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
727 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
728 # uninhabited thereafter.
765 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
766 # Minus One Hour".
767
768 # Kingman
769 # uninhabited
770
771 # Midway
772 # See Pacific/Pago_Pago.
773
774 # Palmyra
775 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
776
777 # Wake
778 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
779 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
780 12:00 - +12
781
782
783 # Vanuatu
784 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
785 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 -
786 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
787 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 -
788 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 -
789 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
790 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 -
791 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
792 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
793 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12
794
795 # Wallis and Futuna
796 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
797 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
798 12:00 - +12
799
800 ###############################################################################
801
802 # NOTES
803
804 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
805 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
806 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
807 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
808
809 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
810 #
1068 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1069 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1070 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
1071
1072 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
1073 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
1074 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
1075 # work at 9.00am.)
1076 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
1077 # everybody again.
1078
1079 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1080 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
1081 # it matches what was used in the past.
1082
1083 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
1084 # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
1085 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
1086 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
1087
1088 # From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01):
1089 # The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the
1090 # government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1,
1091 # 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption
1092 # would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing
1093 # to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See:
1094 # Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01.
1095 # https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/
1096
1097 # Queensland
1098
1099 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26):
1100 # I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST:
1101 # Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland.
1102 # Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403
1103 # https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS
1104
1105 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1106 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
1107 # # [ Dec 1990 ]
1108 # ...
1109 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
1110 # ...
1111 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1112 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
1113 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1114 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
1115
1116 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
1117 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
1118 # October 1989).
1119
1120 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1121 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1122 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1123 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1124
1511 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1512
1513 # From the BBC World Service in
1514 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
1515 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1516 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
1517 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
1518 # of the new millennium.
1519
1520 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1521 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1522
1523
1524 # Kiribati
1525
1526 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1527 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1528 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
1529 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1530
1531 # From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03):
1532 # December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition
1533 # would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995.
1534 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04):
1535 # One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All:
1536 # The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007).
1537
1538 # Kwajalein
1539
1540 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1541 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1542 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1543 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1544 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1545
1546
1547 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1548
1549 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1550 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1551 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1552 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1553 # see Asia/Manila.
1554
1555 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
1556 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1609 # Pitcairn
1610
1611 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1612 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1613 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1614 #
1615 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1616 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1617 # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1618 #
1619 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1620 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1621 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1622
1623 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1624 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1625 # ... at midnight.
1626
1627 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1628 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1629 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in
1630 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1631
1632
1633 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
1634
1635 # Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean
1636 # time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change
1637 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1638 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
1639 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
1640 # This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20.
1641 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm
1642
1643 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30
1644 # in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11
1645 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
1646 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
1647 # Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950,
1648 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
1649 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
1650 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
1651
1652
1653 # Tonga
1654
1655 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1656 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
1657 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
1658 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1659
1660 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1661 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
1662 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
1663 #
1664 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1665 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1666 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1667 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1668 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13°
1669 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1670 #
1671 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1672 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1673 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1674 #
1675 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1676 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1677 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1678 # minutes we have lost?"
1679 #
1680 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1681 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1682 # to say your prayers in the morning."
1683
1684 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1685 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1686
1687 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1688 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
|