1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 5 6 # Notes are at the end of this file 7 8 ############################################################################### 9 10 # Australia 11 12 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 13 14 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 16 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 17 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 18 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 19 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 20 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 21 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 22 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 23 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 24 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 25 26 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27 # Northern Territory 28 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 30 9:30 Aus AC%sT 31 # Western Australia 32 # 33 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 35 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 36 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 39 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 41 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 42 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 43 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 45 8:00 AW AW%sT 46 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 48 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 49 50 # Queensland 51 # 52 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 53 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 54 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 55 # Queensland ceased to. 56 # 57 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 58 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 59 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 60 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 61 # so use Lindeman. 62 # 63 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 64 # There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 65 # islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 66 # north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 67 # Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 68 # applies to all of the Whitsundays. 69 # http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 70 # 71 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 72 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 73 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 74 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 75 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 76 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 77 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 78 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 79 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 80 10:00 AQ AE%sT 81 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 82 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 83 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 84 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 85 86 # South Australia 87 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 88 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 89 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 90 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 91 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 92 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 93 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 94 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 95 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 96 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 97 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 98 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 99 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 100 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 101 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 102 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 103 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 104 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 105 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 106 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 107 9:30 AS AC%sT 108 109 # Tasmania 110 # 111 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 112 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 113 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 114 # 115 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 116 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 117 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 118 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 119 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 120 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 121 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 122 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 123 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 124 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 125 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 126 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 127 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 128 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 129 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 130 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 131 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 132 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 133 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 134 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 135 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 136 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 137 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 138 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 139 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 140 10:00 AT AE%sT 141 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 142 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 143 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 144 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 145 10:00 AT AE%sT 146 147 # Victoria 148 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 149 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 150 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 151 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 152 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 153 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 154 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 155 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 156 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 157 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 158 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 159 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 160 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 161 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 162 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 163 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 164 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 165 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 166 10:00 AV AE%sT 167 168 # New South Wales 169 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 170 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 171 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 172 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 173 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 174 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 176 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 177 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 179 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 180 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 181 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 182 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 183 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 184 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 185 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 186 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 187 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 188 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 189 10:00 AN AE%sT 190 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 191 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 192 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 193 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 194 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 195 9:30 AS AC%sT 196 197 # Lord Howe Island 198 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 199 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 200 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 201 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 202 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 203 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 204 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 205 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 206 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 207 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 208 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 209 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 210 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 211 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 212 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 213 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 214 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 215 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 216 10:30 LH +1030/+11 217 218 # Australian miscellany 219 # 220 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 221 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 222 # no times are set 223 # 224 # Coral Sea Is 225 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 226 # no times are set 227 # 228 # Macquarie 229 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 230 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 231 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 232 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 233 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 234 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 235 # 236 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 237 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 238 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 239 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 240 # on 4 April. 241 # 242 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 243 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 244 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 245 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 246 # pre-2013 versions of localtime. 247 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 248 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 249 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 250 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 251 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 252 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 253 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 254 11:00 - +11 255 256 # Christmas 257 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 258 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 259 7:00 - +07 260 261 # Cocos (Keeling) Is 262 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 263 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 264 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 265 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 266 6:30 - +0630 267 268 269 # Fiji 270 271 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 272 273 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 274 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 275 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 276 # 277 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" 278 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 279 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 280 281 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 282 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 283 # amendments: 284 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 285 286 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 287 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 288 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 289 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 290 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 291 # 292 # Official source: 293 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 294 # 295 # A bit more background info here: 296 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 297 298 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 299 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 300 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 301 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 302 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 303 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 304 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 305 306 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 307 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 308 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 309 # 310 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 311 # which says 312 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 313 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 314 # 2am on February 26 next year. 315 316 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 317 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 318 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 319 # 320 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 321 # states: 322 # 323 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 324 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 325 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 326 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. 327 328 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 329 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 330 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 331 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 332 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 333 334 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 335 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 336 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 337 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 338 339 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 340 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 341 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 342 343 # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 344 # DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 345 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 346 347 # From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 348 # in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 349 # via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 350 # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 351 # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 352 # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 353 354 # From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 355 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 356 # "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 357 # clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 358 # end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 359 360 # From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): 361 # Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing 362 # Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), 363 # [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. 364 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 03:00 365 # the first Sunday on or after January 14. Although ad hoc, it matches 366 # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future 367 # practice than guessing no DST. 368 369 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 370 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 371 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 372 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 373 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 374 Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 375 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 376 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 377 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 378 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 379 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=14 3:00 0 - 380 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 381 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 382 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 383 384 # French Polynesia 385 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 386 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 387 -9:00 - -09 388 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 389 -9:30 - -0930 390 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 391 -10:00 - -10 392 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 393 # it is uninhabited. 394 395 # Guam 396 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 397 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 398 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 399 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 400 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 401 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 402 403 # Kiribati 404 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 405 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 406 12:00 - +12 407 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 408 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 409 -11:00 - -11 1995 410 13:00 - +13 411 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 412 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 413 -10:00 - -10 1995 414 14:00 - +14 415 416 # N Mariana Is 417 # See Pacific/Guam. 418 419 # Marshall Is 420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 421 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 422 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 423 12:00 - +12 424 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 425 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 426 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 427 12:00 - +12 428 429 # Micronesia 430 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 431 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 432 10:00 - +10 433 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 434 11:00 - +11 435 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 436 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 437 12:00 - +12 1999 438 11:00 - +11 439 440 # Nauru 441 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 442 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 443 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15 444 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15 445 11:30 - +1130 1979 May 446 12:00 - +12 447 448 # New Caledonia 449 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 450 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 451 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 452 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 453 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 454 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 455 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 456 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 457 11:00 NC +11/+12 458 459 460 ############################################################################### 461 462 # New Zealand 463 464 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 465 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 466 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 467 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 468 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 469 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 470 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 471 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 472 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 473 # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 474 # so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 475 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 476 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 477 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 478 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 479 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 480 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 481 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 482 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 483 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 484 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 485 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 486 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 487 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 488 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 489 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 490 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 491 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 492 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 493 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 494 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 495 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 496 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 497 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 498 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 499 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 500 501 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 502 503 # Auckland Is 504 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 505 # and scientific personnel have wintered 506 507 # Campbell I 508 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 509 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 510 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 511 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 512 513 # Cook Is 514 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 515 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 516 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 517 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 518 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 519 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 520 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 521 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 522 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 523 524 ############################################################################### 525 526 527 # Niue 528 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 529 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 530 -11:20 - -1120 1951 531 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 532 -11:00 - -11 533 534 # Norfolk 535 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 536 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 537 11:12 - +1112 1951 538 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00 539 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00 540 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00 541 11:00 - +11 542 543 # Palau (Belau) 544 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 545 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 546 9:00 - +09 547 548 # Papua New Guinea 549 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 550 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 551 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 552 10:00 - +10 553 # 554 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 555 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 556 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 557 # 558 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 559 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 560 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 561 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 562 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 563 # https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 564 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 565 # 566 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 567 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 568 # See: 569 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 570 # 571 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 572 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 573 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 574 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 575 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 576 11:00 - +11 577 578 # Pitcairn 579 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 580 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 581 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 582 -8:00 - -08 583 584 # American Samoa 585 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 586 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 587 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 588 Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 589 590 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 591 592 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 593 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 594 # the following info: 595 # 596 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 597 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 598 # Sunday of April 2011." 599 # 600 # Background info: 601 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 602 # 603 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 604 # contain any dates: 605 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 606 607 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 608 # Please see 609 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws 610 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 611 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 612 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 613 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 614 615 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 616 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 617 # 618 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 619 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 620 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 621 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 622 623 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 624 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 625 # 626 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 627 628 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 629 # The International Date Line Act 2011 630 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 631 # changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 632 # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 633 # accordingly. 634 635 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 636 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 637 # 638 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 639 # 640 # DST 641 # Year End Time Start Time 642 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 643 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 644 # 645 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 646 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 647 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 648 # 649 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 650 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 651 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 652 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 653 # 654 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 655 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 656 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 657 658 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 659 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 660 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 661 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 662 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 663 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 664 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 665 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 666 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 667 -11:30 - -1130 1950 668 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 669 13:00 WS +13/+14 670 671 # Solomon Is 672 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 673 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 674 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 675 11:00 - +11 676 677 # Tokelau 678 # 679 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 680 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 681 # December 31 this year ... 682 # 683 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 684 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 685 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 686 # Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 687 # actually was to UT-11 back then. 688 # 689 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 690 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 691 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 692 # <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 693 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 694 # are off by an hour starting in 1901. 695 696 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 697 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 698 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 699 13:00 - +13 700 701 # Tonga 702 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 703 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 704 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 705 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 706 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 707 Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 708 Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 709 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 710 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 711 12:20 - +1220 1941 712 13:00 - +13 1999 713 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 714 715 # Tuvalu 716 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 717 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 718 12:00 - +12 719 720 721 # US minor outlying islands 722 723 # Howland, Baker 724 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 725 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 726 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 727 # uninhabited thereafter. 728 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 729 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 730 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 731 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 732 # until they were abandoned after the war. 733 734 # Jarvis 735 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 736 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 737 # uninhabited thereafter. 738 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 739 740 # Johnston 741 # 742 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 743 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 744 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 745 # treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 746 # its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 747 # 748 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 749 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 750 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 751 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 752 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 753 # 754 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 755 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 756 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 757 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 758 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 759 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 760 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 761 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 762 # https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 763 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 764 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 765 # Minus One Hour". 766 767 # Kingman 768 # uninhabited 769 770 # Midway 771 # See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 772 773 # Palmyra 774 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 775 776 # Wake 777 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 778 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 779 12:00 - +12 780 781 782 # Vanuatu 783 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 784 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 785 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 786 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 787 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 788 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 789 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 790 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 791 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 792 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 793 794 # Wallis and Futuna 795 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 796 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 797 12:00 - +12 798 799 ############################################################################### 800 801 # NOTES 802 803 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 804 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 805 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 806 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 807 808 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 809 # 810 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 811 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 812 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 813 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 814 # 815 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 816 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport 817 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 818 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 819 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 820 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 821 # 822 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 823 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 824 # I found in the UCLA library. 825 # 826 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 827 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 828 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 829 # 830 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 831 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 832 # 833 # The following abbreviations are from other sources. 834 # Corrections are welcome! 835 # std dst 836 # LMT Local Mean Time 837 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 838 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 839 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 840 # 10:00 GST Guam through 2000 841 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 842 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 843 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 844 # -11:00 SST Samoa 845 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 846 # 847 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 848 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 849 850 ############################################################################### 851 852 # Australia 853 854 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 855 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 856 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 857 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 858 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 859 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 860 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 861 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 862 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 863 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 864 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 865 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 866 867 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 868 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 869 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 870 # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 871 872 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 873 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 874 # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 875 # covers New South Wales in particular. 876 877 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 878 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 879 # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 880 # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 881 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 882 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 883 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 884 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 885 # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 886 # time'. 887 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 888 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 889 # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 890 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 891 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 892 # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 893 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 894 895 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 896 # 897 # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 898 # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 899 # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 900 # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 901 # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 902 # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 903 # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 904 # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 905 # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 906 # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 907 # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 908 # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 909 # 910 # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 911 # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 912 # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 913 # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 914 # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 915 # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 916 # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 917 # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 918 # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 919 # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 920 # 921 # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 922 # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 923 # 924 # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 925 # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 926 # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 927 # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 928 # 929 # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 930 # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 931 # 932 # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 933 # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 934 # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 935 # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 936 # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 937 # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 938 # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 939 # 940 # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 941 # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 942 # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 943 # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 944 # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 945 # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 946 # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 947 # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 948 # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 949 # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 950 # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 951 # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 952 # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 953 # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 954 # 955 # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 956 # 957 # The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 958 # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 959 # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 960 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 961 # 962 # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 963 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 964 # EST CST WST EDT CDT 965 # 966 # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 967 # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 968 # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 969 # 970 # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 971 # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 972 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 973 # 974 # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 975 # https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 976 # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 977 # 978 # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 979 # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 980 # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 981 # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 982 # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 983 # appear in reports of events with international implications. 984 # 985 # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 986 # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 987 # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 988 # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 989 # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 990 # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 991 # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 992 # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 993 # "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 994 995 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 996 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 997 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 998 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 999 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1000 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1001 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1002 1003 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1004 # 1005 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1006 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1007 # relevant entries in this database. 1008 # 1009 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1010 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1011 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1012 # ACT 1013 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1014 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1015 # SA 1016 # Standard Time Act, 1898 1017 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1018 1019 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1020 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1021 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1022 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1023 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1024 # 1025 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1026 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1027 # to extend DST together in 2006. 1028 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1029 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1030 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1031 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1032 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1033 # allude to it. 1034 # But not Queensland 1035 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1036 1037 # Northern Territory 1038 1039 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1040 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1041 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1042 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1043 # ... 1044 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1045 1046 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1047 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1048 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1049 1050 # Western Australia 1051 1052 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1053 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1054 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1055 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1056 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1057 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1058 # # before reaching parliament. 1059 # ... 1060 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1061 # ... 1062 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1063 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1064 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1065 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1066 1067 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1068 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1069 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1070 1071 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1072 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1073 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1074 # work at 9.00am.) 1075 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1076 # everybody again. 1077 1078 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1079 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1080 # it matches what was used in the past. 1081 1082 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1083 # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1084 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1085 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1086 1087 # Queensland 1088 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1089 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1090 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1091 # ... 1092 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1093 # ... 1094 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1095 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1096 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1097 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1098 1099 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1100 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1101 # October 1989). 1102 1103 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1104 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1105 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1106 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1107 1108 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1109 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1110 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1111 # me.) 1112 1113 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1114 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1115 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1116 # ... 1117 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1118 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1119 # ... 1120 1121 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1122 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1123 1124 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1125 # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1126 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 1127 # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1128 1129 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1130 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1131 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1132 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1133 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1134 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1135 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1136 # Australia and Western Australia.... 1137 # 1138 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1139 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 1140 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1141 # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1142 # 1143 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1144 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1145 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1146 # coast of the continent. 1147 # 1148 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1149 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1150 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1151 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1152 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 1153 # 1154 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1155 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1156 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1157 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1158 # 1159 # (2006-12-09): 1160 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1161 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1162 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1163 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1164 1165 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1166 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1167 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 1168 1169 1170 # southeast Australia 1171 # 1172 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1173 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1174 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1175 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1176 1177 1178 # South Australia 1179 1180 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1181 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1182 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1183 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1184 1185 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1186 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1187 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1188 # ... 1189 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1190 # ... 1191 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1192 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1193 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1194 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1195 1196 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1197 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1198 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1199 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1200 1201 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1202 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1203 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1204 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1205 # is on... 1206 1207 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1208 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1209 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1210 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1211 1212 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1213 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1214 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1215 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1216 1217 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1218 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1219 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1220 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1221 1222 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1223 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1224 1225 # Tasmania 1226 1227 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1228 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1229 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1230 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1231 1232 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1233 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1234 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1235 # (but nothing new about that). 1236 1237 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1238 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1239 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1240 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1241 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1242 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1243 1244 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1245 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1246 1247 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1248 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1249 1250 # Victoria 1251 1252 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1253 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1254 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1255 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1256 1257 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1258 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1259 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1260 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1261 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1262 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1263 # 1264 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1265 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1266 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1267 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1268 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1269 # expected time. 1270 # 1271 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1272 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1273 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1274 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1275 # 1276 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1277 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1278 1279 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1280 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1281 1282 # New South Wales 1283 1284 # From Arthur David Olson: 1285 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1286 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1287 # who notes: 1288 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1289 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1290 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1291 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1292 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1293 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1294 1295 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1296 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1297 # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1298 # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1299 # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1300 1301 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1302 # See the following official NSW source: 1303 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1304 # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1305 # 1306 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1307 # daylight saving next year. See: 1308 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1309 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1310 # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1311 # 1312 # Victoria will follow NSW. See: 1313 # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1314 # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1315 # 1316 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1317 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1318 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1319 # 1320 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1321 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1322 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1323 # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1324 # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1325 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1326 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1327 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1328 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1329 # 1330 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1331 # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1332 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1333 1334 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1335 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1336 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1337 1338 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1339 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1340 # towns to use Queensland time. 1341 1342 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1343 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1344 1345 # Yancowinna 1346 1347 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1348 # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1349 1350 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1351 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1352 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1353 # ... 1354 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1355 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1356 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1357 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1358 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1359 # # presently available. 1360 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1361 # ... 1362 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1363 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1364 # [followed by other Rules] 1365 1366 # Lord Howe Island 1367 1368 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1369 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1370 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1371 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1372 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1373 1374 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1375 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1376 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1377 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1378 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1379 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1380 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1381 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1382 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1383 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1384 1385 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1386 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1387 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1388 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1389 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1390 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1391 1392 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1393 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1394 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1395 1396 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1397 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1398 1399 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1400 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1401 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1402 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1403 # 1404 # From 1405 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1406 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1407 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1408 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1409 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1410 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1411 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1412 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1413 # 1414 # We have a wrap-up here: 1415 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1416 ############################################################################### 1417 1418 # New Zealand 1419 1420 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1421 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1422 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1423 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1424 # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1425 1426 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1427 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1428 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1429 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1430 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1431 # ... 1432 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1433 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1434 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1435 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1436 # ... 1437 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1438 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1439 1440 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1441 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1442 # rather than the October 1 value. 1443 1444 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1445 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1446 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1447 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1448 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1449 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1450 # 1451 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1452 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1453 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. 1454 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1455 # 1456 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1457 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1458 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1459 1460 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1461 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1462 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1463 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1464 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1465 1466 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1467 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1468 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1469 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1470 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1471 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1472 # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1473 # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1474 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1475 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1476 # LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1477 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1478 1479 ############################################################################### 1480 1481 1482 # Fiji 1483 1484 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1485 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1486 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1487 1488 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1489 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1490 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1491 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1492 1493 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1494 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1495 1496 # From the BBC World Service in 1497 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1498 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1499 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1500 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1501 # of the new millennium. 1502 1503 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1504 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1505 1506 1507 # Kiribati 1508 1509 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1510 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1511 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1512 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1513 1514 1515 # Kwajalein 1516 1517 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1518 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1519 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1520 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1521 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1522 1523 1524 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1525 1526 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1527 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1528 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1529 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1530 # see Asia/Manila. 1531 1532 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1533 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1534 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1535 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1536 1537 1538 # Micronesia 1539 1540 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1541 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1542 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1543 # 1544 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1545 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1546 1547 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1548 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1549 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1550 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1551 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1552 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1553 1554 1555 # Midway 1556 1557 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1558 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1559 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1560 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1561 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1562 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1563 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1564 # air at 6am your time. 1565 # 1566 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1567 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1568 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1569 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1570 1571 # Norfolk 1572 1573 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1574 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1575 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1576 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1577 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1578 1579 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): 1580 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1581 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1582 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1583 # other than in 1974/5. See: 1584 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1585 1586 # Pitcairn 1587 1588 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1589 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1590 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1591 # 1592 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1593 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1594 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1595 # 1596 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1597 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1598 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1599 1600 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1601 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1602 # ... at midnight. 1603 1604 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1605 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1606 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1607 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1608 1609 1610 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1611 1612 # Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean 1613 # time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change 1614 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1615 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1616 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1617 # This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. 1618 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm 1619 1620 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 1621 # in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 1622 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1623 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1624 # Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 1625 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1626 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1627 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1628 1629 1630 # Tonga 1631 1632 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1633 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1634 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1635 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1636 1637 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1638 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1639 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1640 # 1641 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1642 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1643 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1644 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1645 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1646 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1647 # 1648 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1649 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1650 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1651 # 1652 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1653 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1654 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1655 # minutes we have lost?" 1656 # 1657 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1658 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1659 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1660 1661 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1662 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1663 1664 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1665 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1666 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1667 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1668 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1669 # Government. 1670 1671 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1672 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1673 # 1674 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1675 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1676 # 1677 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1678 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1679 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1680 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1681 1682 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1683 # According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1684 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1685 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1686 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1687 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1688 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1689 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1690 1691 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1692 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1693 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1694 1695 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1696 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1697 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1698 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1699 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1700 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1701 # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1702 1703 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1704 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1705 1706 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1707 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1708 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1709 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1710 # hour to 1:00am. 1711 1712 # From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): 1713 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1714 1715 # From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): 1716 # http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 1717 # Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 1718 # the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 1719 # 1720 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 1721 # Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 1722 # through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 1723 1724 # From David Wade (2017-10-18): 1725 # In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister 1726 # continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few 1727 # decisions will be made until elections 16th November. 1728 # 1729 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1730 # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. 1731 1732 1733 # Wake 1734 1735 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1736 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1737 # 1738 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1739 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1740 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1741 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1742 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1743 # impossible. 1744 # 1745 # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm 1746 1747 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1748 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1749 1750 ############################################################################### 1751 1752 # The International Date Line 1753 1754 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1755 # 1756 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1757 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1758 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1759 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1760 # 1761 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1762 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1763 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1764 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1765 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1766 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1767 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1768 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1769 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1770 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1771 # correct date is ambiguous. 1772 1773 # From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1774 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1775 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1776 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1777 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1778 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1779 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1780 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1781 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1782 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1783 # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1784 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1785 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1786 1787 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1788 # (2005-03-20): 1789 # 1790 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1791 # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1792 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1793 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.