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NEX-17697 update tzdata to 2018e
Reviewed by: Dan Fields <dan.fields@nexenta.com>
Reviewed by: Roman Strashkin <roman.strashkin@nexenta.com>
8985 update tzdata to 2018c
Reviewed by: Yuri Pankov <yuripv@icloud.com>
Reviewed by: Dan McDonald <danmcd@joyent.com>
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8968 update tzdata to 2018a
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Reviewed by: Robert Mustacchi <rm@joyent.com>
Approved by: Richard Lowe <richlowe@richlowe.net>
NEX-15458 update zoneinfo to 2017c
Reviewed by: Roman Strashkin <roman.strashkin@nexenta.com>
NEX-15458 update zoneinfo to 2017c
Reviewed by: Roman Strashkin <roman.strashkin@nexenta.com>
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--- old/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/asia
+++ new/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/asia
1 1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3 3
4 4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8 8
9 9 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-13):
10 10 #
11 11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 15 #
16 16 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
17 17 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
18 18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 22 #
23 23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 26 #
27 27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 29 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30 30 #
31 31 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
32 32 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
33 33 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
34 34 #
35 35 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
36 36 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
37 37 #
38 38 # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables:
39 39 # std dst
40 40 # LMT Local Mean Time
41 41 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
42 42 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
43 43 # 5:30 IST India
44 44 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
45 45 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
46 46 # 8:00 CST China
47 47 # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
48 48 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
49 49 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
50 50 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
51 51 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
52 52 # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
53 53 # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier
54 54 # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
55 55 # offset, this did not reflect common practice.
56 56 #
57 57 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
58 58
59 59 # From Guy Harris:
60 60 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
61 61 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
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62 62 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
63 63 # Worldwide Edition).
64 64
65 65 ###############################################################################
66 66
67 67 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
68 68 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
69 69 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
70 70 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
71 71 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
72 -Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
72 +Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 -
73 73 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
74 74 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
75 -Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
75 +Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 -
76 76 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
77 77 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
78 -Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
78 +Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
79 79 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
80 80
81 81 # Afghanistan
82 82 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
83 83 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
84 84 4:00 - +04 1945
85 85 4:30 - +0430
86 86
87 87 # Armenia
88 88 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
89 89 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
90 90 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
91 91 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
92 92 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
93 93 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
94 94 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
95 95 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
96 96 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
97 97
98 98 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
99 99 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
100 100 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
101 101
102 102 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
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103 103 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
104 104 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
105 105 #
106 106 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
107 107 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
108 108 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
109 109 # or
110 110 # (brief)
111 111 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
112 112 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
113 -Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
113 +Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
114 114 Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
115 115 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
116 116 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
117 117 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
118 118 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
119 119 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
120 120 4:00 - +04 1997
121 121 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011
122 122 4:00 Armenia +04/+05
123 123
124 124 # Azerbaijan
125 125
126 126 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
127 127 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
128 128 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
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129 129 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
130 130
131 131 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
132 132 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
133 133 # daylight saving time....
134 134 # https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
135 135 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
136 136 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
137 137
138 138 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
139 -Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
139 +Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 -
140 140 Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
141 141 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
142 142 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
143 143 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
144 144 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
145 145 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
146 146 4:00 - +04 1996
147 147 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997
148 148 4:00 Azer +04/+05
149 149
150 150 # Bahrain
151 151 # See Asia/Qatar.
152 152
153 153 # Bangladesh
154 154 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
155 155 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
156 156 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
157 157 #
158 158 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
159 159 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
160 160 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
161 161 #
162 162 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
163 163 # June
164 164 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
165 165 # crippling power crisis. "
166 166 #
167 167 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
168 168 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
169 169
170 170 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
171 171 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
172 172 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
173 173 #
174 174 # Some sources:
175 175 # https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
176 176 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
177 177 #
178 178 # Our wrap-up:
179 179 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
180 180
181 181 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
182 182 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
183 183 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
184 184 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
185 185 #
186 186 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
187 187
188 188 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
189 189 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
190 190 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
191 191 #
192 192 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
193 193 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
194 194 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
195 195 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
196 196
197 197 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
198 198 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
199 199 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
200 200 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
201 201 # "continue for an indefinite period."
202 202 #
203 203 # One of many places where it is published:
204 204 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
205 205
206 206 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
207 207 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
208 208 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
209 209 #
210 210 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
211 211 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
212 212 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
213 213 #
214 214 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
215 215 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
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216 216 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
217 217 # Minister's Office last night..."
218 218
219 219 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
220 220 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
221 221 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
222 222 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
223 223 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
224 224
225 225 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
226 -Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
226 +Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 -
227 227 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
228 228
229 229 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
230 230 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
231 231 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
232 232 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
233 233 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
234 234 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30
235 235 6:00 - +06 2009
236 236 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07
237 237
238 238 # Bhutan
239 239 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
240 240 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
241 241 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct
242 242 6:00 - +06
243 243
244 244 # British Indian Ocean Territory
245 245 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
246 246 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
247 247 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
248 248 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
249 249 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
250 250 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
251 251 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
252 252 5:00 - +05 1996
253 253 6:00 - +06
254 254
255 255 # Brunei
256 256 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
257 257 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
258 258 7:30 - +0730 1933
259 259 8:00 - +08
260 260
261 261 # Burma / Myanmar
262 262
263 263 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
264 264
265 265 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
266 266 # Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is
267 267 # used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead
268 268 # of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630,
269 269 # a transition for which Shanks is the only source.
270 270
271 271 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
272 272 Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
273 273 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time
274 274 6:30 - +0630 1942 May
275 275 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3
276 276 6:30 - +0630
277 277
278 278 # Cambodia
279 279 # See Asia/Bangkok.
280 280
281 281
282 282 # China
283 283
284 284 # From Guy Harris:
285 285 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
286 286
287 287 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
288 288 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
289 289 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
290 290 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
291 291 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
292 292 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
293 293 #
294 294 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
295 295 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
296 296 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
297 297 #
298 298 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
299 299 # 1987 mid-April - ??
300 300
301 301 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
302 302 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
303 303 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
304 304
305 305 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
306 306 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
307 307 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
308 308 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
309 309
310 310 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
311 311 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
312 312 # this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer
313 313 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
314 314 # go with them for DST rules as follows:
315 315 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
316 316 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
317 317 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
318 318 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
319 319 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
320 320 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
321 321 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
322 322
323 323 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
324 324 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
325 325 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
326 326 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
327 327 #
328 328 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
329 329 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
330 330 # https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
331 331 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
332 332 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
333 333 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
334 334 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
335 335 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
336 336 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
337 337 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
338 338
339 339 # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):
340 340 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
341 341 #
342 342 # (1)
343 343 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
344 344 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
345 345 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
346 346 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
347 347 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
348 348 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
349 349 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
350 350 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
351 351 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
352 352 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
353 353 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
354 354 # could well have ignored any such mandate.
355 355 #
356 356 # (2)
357 357 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
358 358 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
359 359 # [undated and unknown publication location]
360 360 # It says several things:
361 361 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
362 362 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
363 363 # the official calendar book of 1914.
364 364 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
365 365 # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
366 366 # Observatory and set to local mean time.
367 367 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
368 368 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
369 369 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
370 370 # became used by railways as well.
371 371 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
372 372 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
373 373 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
374 374 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
375 375 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
376 376 # Japanese-occupied territory.
377 377 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
378 378 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
379 379 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
380 380 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
381 381 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
382 382 #
383 383 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
384 384 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
385 385 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
386 386 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
387 387 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
388 388 #
389 389 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
390 390 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
391 391 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
392 392 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
393 393 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
394 394 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
395 395 #
396 396 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
397 397 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
398 398 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
399 399 #
400 400 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
401 401 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai.
402 402 # most of China
403 403 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
404 404 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
405 405 #
406 406 # Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07
407 407 # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
408 408 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
409 409 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong
410 410 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
411 411 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
412 412 #
413 413 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
414 414 # This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with
415 415 # current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that
416 416 # disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here.
417 417 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
418 418 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
419 419 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
420 420 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
421 421 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
422 422 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
423 423 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
424 424 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
425 425 #
426 426 # Kunlun Time UT +05:30
427 427 # This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above).
428 428 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
429 429 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
430 430 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
431 431 # and Yarkand.
432 432
433 433 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
434 434 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
435 435 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
436 436 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
437 437 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
438 438 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
439 439 #
440 440 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
441 441 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
442 442 # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
443 443 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
444 444 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
445 445 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
446 446 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
447 447 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
448 448 #
449 449 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
450 450 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
451 451 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
452 452 #
453 453 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
454 454 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
455 455 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
456 456 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
457 457 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
458 458
459 459 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
460 460 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
461 461 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
462 462 #
463 463 # 1. Wulumuqi...
464 464 # 2. Kashi...
465 465 # 3. Urumqi...
466 466 # 4. Kashgar...
467 467 # ...
468 468 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
469 469 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
470 470 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
471 471 #
472 472 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
473 473 # start date for Xinjiang time.
474 474 #
475 475 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
476 476 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
477 477 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
478 478 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
479 479
480 480 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
481 481 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
482 482 # https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
483 483
484 484 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
485 485 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
486 486 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
487 487 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
488 488 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
489 489 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
490 490 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
491 491 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
492 492 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
493 493 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
494 494 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
495 495 # having the same time as Beijing.
496 496
497 497 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
498 498 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
499 499 # but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
500 500 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
501 501 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
502 502 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
503 503 #
504 504 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
505 505 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
506 506 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
507 507 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
508 508 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
509 509 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
510 510 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
511 511 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
512 512 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
513 513 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
514 514 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
515 515 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
516 516 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
517 517 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
518 518 # +08 mandate back then.
519 519
520 520 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
521 521 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
522 522 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
523 523 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
524 524 8:00 PRC C%sT
525 525 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
526 526 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
527 527 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
528 528 6:00 - +06
529 529
530 530
531 531 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
532 532
533 533 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
534 534
535 535 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
536 536 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
537 537 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
538 538 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
539 539 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
540 540 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
541 541 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
542 542 # obtained from
543 543 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
544 544
545 545 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
546 546 # Here are the dates given at
547 547 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
548 548 # as of 2009-10-28:
549 549 # Year Period
550 550 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
551 551 # 1942 Whole year
552 552 # 1943 Whole year
553 553 # 1944 Whole year
554 554 # 1945 Whole year
555 555 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
556 556 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
557 557 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
558 558 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
559 559 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
560 560 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
561 561 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
562 562 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
563 563 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
564 564 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
565 565 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
566 566 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
567 567 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
568 568 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
569 569 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
570 570 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
571 571 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
572 572 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
573 573 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
574 574 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
575 575 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
576 576 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
577 577 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
578 578 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
579 579 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
580 580 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
581 581 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
582 582 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
583 583 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
584 584 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
585 585 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
586 586 # 1977 Nil
587 587 # 1978 Nil
588 588 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
589 589 # 1980 to Now Nil
590 590 # The page does not give start or end times of day.
591 591 # The page does not give a start date for 1942.
592 592 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
593 593 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
594 594 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
595 595 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
596 596
597 597 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
598 598 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
599 599 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
600 600 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
601 601 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
602 602 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
603 603 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
604 604 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
605 605 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
606 606 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
607 607 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
608 608 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
609 609 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
610 610 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
611 611 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
612 612 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
613 613 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
614 614 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
615 615 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
616 616 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
617 617 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
618 618 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
619 619 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
620 620 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
621 621 8:00 HK HK%sT
622 622
623 623 ###############################################################################
624 624
625 625 # Taiwan
626 626
627 627 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
628 628 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
629 629 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
630 630 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
631 631
632 632 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
633 633 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
634 634 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
635 635 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
636 636 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
637 637 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
638 638 # found on Wikisource:
639 639 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
640 640 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
641 641 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
642 642 # declared officially.
643 643 #
644 644 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
645 645 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
646 646 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
647 647 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
648 648 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
649 649 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
650 650 # (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
651 651 # be found on Wikisource:
652 652 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
653 653 #
654 654 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
655 655
656 656 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
657 657 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9
658 658 # back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
659 659 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
660 660 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another
661 661 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
662 662 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
663 663 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
664 664 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
665 665 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
666 666 # that:
667 667 #
668 668 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
669 669 # the time at 135E (GMT+9)
670 670 #
671 671 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
672 672 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
673 673 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
674 674 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
675 675 #
676 676 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
677 677 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
678 678 # Time.
679 679 #
680 680 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
681 681 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
682 682 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
683 683 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
684 684 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
685 685 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
686 686
687 687 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
688 688 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
689 689 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General
690 690 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
691 691 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
692 692 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
693 693 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more
694 694 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
695 695 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
696 696 # would be a good one.
697 697 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
698 698 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
699 699
700 700 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
701 701 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
702 702 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
703 703 #
704 704 # Original Bulletin:
705 705 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
706 706 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
707 707 #
708 708 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
709 709 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
710 710 #
711 711 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
712 712 #
713 713 # Here is a brief translation:
714 714 #
715 715 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
716 716 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
717 717 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
718 718 #
719 719 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
720 720 # be found from historical government announcement database.
721 721
722 722 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
723 723 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
724 724 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
725 725 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
726 726
727 727 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
728 728 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
729 729 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
730 730 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
731 731 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
732 732 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
733 733 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
734 734 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
735 735 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
736 736 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
737 737 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
738 738 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
739 739 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
740 740 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
741 741 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
742 742 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
743 743
744 744 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
745 745 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
746 746 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
747 747 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1
748 748 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
749 749 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
750 750
751 751 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
752 752 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
753 753 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
754 754 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 S
755 755 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
756 756 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
|
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520 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
757 757 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
758 758 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 S
759 759 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 D
760 760 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 S
761 761 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
762 762 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
763 763 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 S
764 764 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 D
765 765 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
766 766 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
767 +# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition.
767 768 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
768 -Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
769 +Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 16:00u
769 770 8:00 Macau C%sT
770 771
771 772
772 773 ###############################################################################
773 774
774 775 # Cyprus
775 776
776 777 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
777 778 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
778 779
779 780 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
780 781 # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
781 782 # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
782 783 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
783 784 #
784 785 # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
785 786 # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
786 787 # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
787 788
788 789 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
789 790 # Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus
790 791 # staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A.
791 792 # Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17.
792 793 # https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/
793 794
794 795 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
795 796 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
796 797 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
797 798 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
798 799 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
799 800 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
800 801 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
801 802 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
802 803 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
803 804 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
804 805 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
805 806 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
806 807 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
807 808 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
808 809 Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
809 810 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
810 811 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8
811 812 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u
812 813 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
813 814
814 815 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
815 816 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
816 817 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
817 818
818 819 # Georgia
819 820 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
820 821 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
821 822 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
822 823 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
823 824 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
824 825 #
825 826 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
826 827 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
827 828 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
828 829 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
829 830 #
830 831 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
831 832 #
832 833 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
833 834 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
834 835 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
835 836 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
836 837 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
837 838 # of integration into Europe.
838 839
839 840 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
840 841 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
841 842 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
842 843 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
843 844 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
844 845 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
845 846 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
846 847 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
847 848 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
848 849
849 850 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
850 851 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
851 852 # Go with Byalokoz.
852 853
853 854 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
854 855 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
855 856 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
856 857 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
857 858 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
858 859 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992
859 860 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun
860 861 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun
861 862 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun
862 863 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27
863 864 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
864 865 4:00 - +04
865 866
866 867 # East Timor
867 868
868 869 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
869 870
870 871 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
871 872 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
872 873 # <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
873 874 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
874 875 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
875 876 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
876 877 # conflicts with their way of life.
877 878
878 879 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
879 880 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
880 881 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
881 882
882 883 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
883 884 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
884 885 # (2000-08-16):
885 886 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
886 887 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
887 888 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
888 889 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
889 890
890 891 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
891 892 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
892 893 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00
893 894 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3
894 895 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00
895 896 9:00 - +09
896 897
897 898 # India
898 899
899 900 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
900 901 # https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
901 902 # (2015-12-22):
902 903 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
903 904 # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of
904 905 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this
905 906 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century.
906 907
907 908 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
908 909 # Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India.
909 910 # "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic
910 911 # measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras
911 912 # (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time,
912 913 # and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time:
913 914 # 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19.
914 915 # "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present
915 916 # standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of
916 917 # Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of
917 918 # his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat
918 919 # of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change
919 920 # the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted
920 921 # Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the
921 922 # rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its
922 923 # place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement.
923 924 # Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55.
924 925 #
925 926 # "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the
926 927 # only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time,
927 928 # first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR)....
928 929 # Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their
929 930 # local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and
930 931 # Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145.
931 932 #
932 933 # Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8.
933 934 # https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212
934 935 # This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on
935 936 # 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some
936 937 # municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta
937 938 # continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at
938 939 # government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or
939 940 # at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more
940 941 # appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do
941 942 # elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was
942 943 # consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway
943 944 # time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the
944 945 # 1941-1945 data.
945 946
946 947 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
947 948 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata
948 949 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time?
949 950 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time
950 951 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct
951 952 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15
952 953 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
953 954 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
954 955 5:30 - IST
955 956 # Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata:
956 957 # Andaman Is
957 958 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
958 959 # Nicobar Is
959 960
960 961 # Indonesia
961 962 #
962 963 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
963 964 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
964 965 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
965 966 #
966 967 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
967 968 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
968 969 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
969 970 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
970 971 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
971 972 #
972 973 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
973 974 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
974 975 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
975 976 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
976 977 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
977 978 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
978 979 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
979 980 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
980 981 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
981 982 # from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
982 983 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
983 984 # switched on 1945-09-23.
984 985 #
985 986 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
986 987 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
987 988 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
988 989 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
989 990 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
990 991 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
991 992 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
992 993 # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
993 994 #
994 995 # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
995 996 # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
996 997 # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
997 998 #
998 999 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
999 1000 # Java, Sumatra
1000 1001 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
1001 1002 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
1002 1003 # but this must be a typo.
1003 1004 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
1004 1005 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov
1005 1006 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23
1006 1007 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
1007 1008 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
1008 1009 8:00 - +08 1950 May
1009 1010 7:30 - +0730 1964
1010 1011 7:00 - WIB
1011 1012 # west and central Borneo
1012 1013 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
1013 1014 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
1014 1015 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29
1015 1016 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
1016 1017 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
1017 1018 8:00 - +08 1950 May
1018 1019 7:30 - +0730 1964
1019 1020 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
1020 1021 7:00 - WIB
1021 1022 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
1022 1023 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
1023 1024 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
1024 1025 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9
1025 1026 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
1026 1027 8:00 - WITA
1027 1028 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
1028 1029 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
1029 1030 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1
1030 1031 9:30 - +0930 1964
1031 1032 9:00 - WIT
1032 1033
1033 1034 # Iran
1034 1035
1035 1036 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
1036 1037 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
1037 1038 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
1038 1039 #
1039 1040 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
1040 1041 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
1041 1042 #
1042 1043 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
1043 1044 #
1044 1045 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
1045 1046 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
1046 1047 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
1047 1048 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
1048 1049 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
1049 1050 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
1050 1051 #
1051 1052 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
1052 1053 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
1053 1054 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
1054 1055 # Shahrivar.
1055 1056 #
1056 1057 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
1057 1058 #
1058 1059 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
1059 1060 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
1060 1061 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
1061 1062 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
1062 1063 #
1063 1064 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
1064 1065 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
1065 1066 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
1066 1067 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
1067 1068 # plan to change that law....
1068 1069 #
1069 1070 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1070 1071 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
1071 1072 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
1072 1073 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
1073 1074 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
1074 1075 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
1075 1076 #
1076 1077 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
1077 1078 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1078 1079 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1079 1080 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1080 1081 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1081 1082 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1082 1083 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
1083 1084 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
1084 1085 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
1085 1086 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
1086 1087 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
1087 1088 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
1088 1089 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
1089 1090 #
1090 1091 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
1091 1092 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
1092 1093 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
1093 1094 #
1094 1095 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
1095 1096 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
1096 1097 # daylight saving time ...
1097 1098 # https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
1098 1099 #
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1099 1100 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
1100 1101 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
1101 1102 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1102 1103 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
1103 1104 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
1104 1105 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
1105 1106 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
1106 1107 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
1107 1108 #
1108 1109 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1109 -Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1110 -Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
1111 -Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
1112 -Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
1113 -Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
1114 -Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1115 -Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1116 -Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1117 -Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1118 -Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1119 -Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1120 -Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1121 -Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1122 -Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1123 -Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1124 -Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1125 -Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1126 -Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1127 -Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1128 -Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1129 -Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1130 -Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1131 -Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1132 -Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1133 -Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1134 -Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1135 -Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1136 -Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1137 -Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1138 -Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1139 -Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1140 -Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1141 -Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1142 -Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1143 -Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1144 -Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1145 -Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1146 -Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1147 -Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1148 -Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1149 -Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1150 -Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1151 -Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1152 -Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1153 -Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1154 -Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
1155 -Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1110 +Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
1111 +Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
1112 +Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 -
1113 +Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
1114 +Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 -
1115 +Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
1116 +Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1117 +Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
1118 +Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1119 +Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
1120 +Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1121 +Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
1122 +Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1123 +Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
1124 +Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1125 +Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
1126 +Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1127 +Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
1128 +Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1129 +Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
1130 +Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1131 +Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
1132 +Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1133 +Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
1134 +Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1135 +Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
1136 +Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1137 +Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
1138 +Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1139 +Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
1140 +Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1141 +Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
1142 +Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1143 +Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
1144 +Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1145 +Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
1146 +Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1147 +Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
1148 +Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1149 +Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
1150 +Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1151 +Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
1152 +Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1153 +Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
1154 +Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1155 +Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
1156 +Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1156 1157 #
1157 1158 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
1158 1159 # These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
1159 1160 # restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
1160 1161 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
1161 1162 # possibly Iran will change the rules first.
1162 -Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1163 -Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1163 +Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
1164 +Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1164 1165
1165 1166 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1166 1167 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
1167 1168 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
1168 1169 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov
1169 1170 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979
1170 1171 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430
1171 1172
1172 1173
1173 1174 # Iraq
1174 1175 #
1175 1176 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1176 1177 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1177 1178 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1178 1179 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1179 1180 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1180 1181 #
1181 1182 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1182 1183 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1183 1184 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
1184 1185 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
1185 1186 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1186 1187 #
1187 1188 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1188 1189
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1189 1190 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1190 1191 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1191 1192 # news sources (in Arabic):
1192 1193 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
1193 1194 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1194 1195 #
1195 1196 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1196 1197 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1197 1198
1198 1199 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1199 -Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1200 -Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1201 -Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1202 -Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1203 -Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
1204 -Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
1200 +Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 -
1201 +Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1202 +Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 -
1203 +Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 -
1204 +Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1205 +Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 -
1205 1206 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
1206 1207 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1207 1208 #
1208 -Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
1209 -Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
1209 +Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 -
1210 +Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 -
1210 1211 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1211 1212 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1212 1213 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1213 1214 3:00 - +03 1982 May
1214 1215 3:00 Iraq +03/+04
1215 1216
1216 1217
1217 1218 ###############################################################################
1218 1219
1219 1220 # Israel
1220 1221
1221 1222 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1222 1223 #
1223 1224 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1224 1225 # different abbreviations in use:
1225 1226 #
1226 1227 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1227 1228 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1228 1229 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1229 1230 #
1230 1231 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1231 1232 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1232 1233 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1233 1234 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1234 1235 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1235 1236 # settings in Israeli computers.
1236 1237 #
1237 1238 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1238 1239 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1239 1240 # family is from India).
1240 1241
1241 1242 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1242 1243 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1243 1244 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1244 1245 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1245 1246 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1246 1247 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1247 1248 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1248 1249 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1249 1250 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
1250 1251 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1251 1252 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
1252 1253 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
1253 1254 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1254 1255 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1255 1256 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1256 1257 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
1257 1258 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1258 1259 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
1259 1260 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
1260 1261 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
1261 1262 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
1262 1263 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
1263 1264 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
1264 1265 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
1265 1266 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
1266 1267 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
1267 1268 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
1268 1269 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
1269 1270 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
1270 1271 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1271 1272 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
1272 1273 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
1273 1274 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
1274 1275 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
1275 1276 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1276 1277 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1277 1278 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
1278 1279 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1279 1280 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
1280 1281 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1281 1282
1282 1283 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
1283 1284 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
1284 1285 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
1285 1286 # ends and changes to Sunday.
1286 1287 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
1287 1288 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
1288 1289
1289 1290 # From Ephraim Silverberg
1290 1291 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1291 1292 # and 2005-02-17):
1292 1293
1293 1294 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1294 1295 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1295 1296 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1296 1297 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1297 1298 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1298 1299 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1299 1300 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1300 1301 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1301 1302 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1302 1303 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1303 1304 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1304 1305 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1305 1306 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1306 1307 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1307 1308 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1308 1309 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1309 1310 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1310 1311 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1311 1312 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1312 1313 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1313 1314 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1314 1315 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1315 1316
1316 1317 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1317 1318 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1318 1319 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1319 1320 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1320 1321 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1321 1322 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1322 1323 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1323 1324 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1324 1325 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1325 1326 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1326 1327 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1327 1328
1328 1329 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1329 1330 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1330 1331 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1331 1332
1332 1333 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1333 1334 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1334 1335 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1335 1336 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1336 1337 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1337 1338
1338 1339 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1339 1340 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1340 1341 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1341 1342 #
1342 1343 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1343 1344 #
1344 1345 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1345 1346 #
1346 1347 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1347 1348 #
1348 1349 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1349 1350 #
1350 1351 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
1351 1352
1352 1353 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1353 1354 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1354 1355 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1355 1356 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1356 1357 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1357 1358 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1358 1359 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1359 1360 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1360 1361 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1361 1362
1362 1363 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1363 1364 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1364 1365 # years 2001-2004 as well.
1365 1366 #
1366 1367 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1367 1368 #
1368 1369 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1369 1370 #
1370 1371 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1371 1372 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1372 1373 #
1373 1374 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1374 1375
1375 1376 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1376 1377 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1377 1378 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1378 1379 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1379 1380 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1380 1381 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1381 1382 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1382 1383 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1383 1384 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1384 1385 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1385 1386 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1386 1387
1387 1388 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1388 1389 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1389 1390 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1390 1391 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1391 1392 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1392 1393 #
1393 1394 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1394 1395 #
1395 1396 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1396 1397
1397 1398 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
1398 1399 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1399 1400 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1400 1401 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1401 1402 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
1402 1403 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1403 1404 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
1404 1405 #
1405 1406 # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1406 1407 #
1407 1408 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1408 1409 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1409 1410 # springtime transitions explicitly.
1410 1411
1411 1412 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1412 1413 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1413 1414 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1414 1415 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1415 1416 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1416 1417 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1417 1418 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1418 1419 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1419 1420 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1420 1421 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1421 1422 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1422 1423 Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1423 1424 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1424 1425
1425 1426 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
1426 1427 # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
1427 1428 # Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
1428 1429 # in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
1429 1430 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
1430 1431 #
1431 1432 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
1432 1433 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
1433 1434
1434 1435 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1435 1436 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
1436 1437 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1437 1438
1438 1439 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1439 1440 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
1440 1441 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1441 1442 2:00 Zion I%sT
1442 1443
1443 1444
1444 1445
1445 1446 ###############################################################################
1446 1447
1447 1448 # Japan
1448 1449
1449 1450 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
1450 1451
1451 1452 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1452 1453 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1453 1454 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
1454 1455 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
1455 1456
1456 1457 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
1457 1458 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
1458 1459 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1459 1460 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1460 1461 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1461 1462 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1462 1463 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1463 1464 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1464 1465 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1465 1466 # wanted to keep it.)
1466 1467
1467 1468 # From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19):
1468 1469 # The source of information is Japanese law.
1469 1470 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm
1470 1471 # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm
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1471 1472 # ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday
1472 1473 # in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September.
1473 1474 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1474 1475 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
1475 1476 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 0 S
1476 1477 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
1477 1478 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
1478 1479
1479 1480 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1480 1481 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1481 -# Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s),
1482 -# 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
1482 +# Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N.
1483 1483 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1484 1484 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1485 1485 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1486 1486 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1487 1487
1488 1488 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1489 1489 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1490 -# which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
1490 +# which stands for the time on 135° E.
1491 1491 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1492 1492 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1493 -# time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
1493 +# time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard
1494 1494 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1495 1495 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1496 1496 # standard....
1497 1497 #
1498 1498 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1499 1499 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1500 1500
1501 1501 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1502 1502 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1503 1503 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1504 1504 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1505 1505 #
1506 1506 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1507 1507 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1508 1508 # Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1509 1509 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1510 1510
1511 1511 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1512 1512 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1513 1513 9:00 Japan J%sT
1514 1514 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1515 1515
1516 1516 # Jordan
1517 1517 #
1518 1518 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1519 1519 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1520 1520 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1521 1521 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1522 1522 # all year round.
1523 1523 #
1524 1524 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1525 1525 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1526 1526 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1527 1527 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1528 1528 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1529 1529 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1530 1530 #
1531 1531 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1532 1532 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1533 1533 #
1534 1534 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1535 1535 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1536 1536 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1537 1537 #
1538 1538 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1539 1539 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1540 1540 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1541 1541 #
1542 1542
1543 1543 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1544 1544 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1545 1545 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1546 1546 #
1547 1547 # Google's translation:
1548 1548 #
1549 1549 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1550 1550 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1551 1551 # > of the month of March of each year.
1552 1552 #
1553 1553 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1554 1554
1555 1555 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1556 1556 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1557 1557
1558 1558 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
1559 1559 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
1560 1560 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
1561 1561 # until about the same time next year (at least).
1562 1562 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
1563 1563
1564 1564 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
1565 1565 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
1566 1566 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
1567 1567 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
1568 1568 # Official, in Arabic:
1569 1569 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
1570 1570 # ... Our background/permalink about it
1571 1571 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
1572 1572 # ...
1573 1573 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
1574 1574 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
1575 1575 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
1576 1576
1577 1577 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
1578 1578 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
1579 1579
1580 1580 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1581 1581 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1582 1582 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1583 1583 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1584 1584 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1585 1585 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1586 1586 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1587 1587 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1588 1588 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1589 1589 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1590 1590 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1591 1591 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1592 1592 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1593 1593 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1594 1594 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1595 1595 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1596 1596 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1597 1597 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1598 1598 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1599 1599 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1600 1600 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1601 1601 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1602 1602 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1603 1603 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1604 1604 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1605 1605 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1606 1606 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1607 1607 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1608 1608 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1609 1609 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
1610 1610 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1611 1611 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1612 1612 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1613 1613 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1614 1614 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1615 1615
1616 1616
1617 1617 # Kazakhstan
1618 1618
1619 1619 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
1620 1620 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
1621 1621 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1622 1622 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1623 1623 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1624 1624 #
1625 1625 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1626 1626 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1627 1627 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1628 1628 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1629 1629 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1630 1630 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū,
1631 1631 # Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1632 1632 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1633 1633 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1634 1634
1635 1635 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
1636 1636 # Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
1637 1637 # produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
1638 1638 #
1639 1639 # 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
1640 1640 # from 1991-02-04 No. 20
1641 1641 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
1642 1642 # removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
1643 1643 # starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
1644 1644 # It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
1645 1645 # Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
1646 1646 #
1647 1647 # The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
1648 1648 # of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
1649 1649 # of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
1650 1650 # text.
1651 1651 #
1652 1652 # According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
1653 1653 # (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
1654 1654 # http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
1655 1655 # transition to "summer" time:
1656 1656 # Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
1657 1657 # Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
1658 1658 # were to move clocks 1 hour forward.
1659 1659 # Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik
1660 1660 # SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts
1661 1661 # of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
1662 1662 # Other territories were to not move clocks.
1663 1663 # When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
1664 1664 # moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
1665 1665 # Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
1666 1666 #
1667 1667 # Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
1668 1668 # was one of such changes.
1669 1669 #
1670 1670 # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время
1671 1671 # claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
1672 1672 # Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
1673 1673 # were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
1674 1674 # forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
1675 1675 # (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
1676 1676 # article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
1677 1677 # move clocks.)
1678 1678 #
1679 1679 # This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
1680 1680 # the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
1681 1681 # to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth
1682 1682 # time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
1683 1683 #
1684 1684 # 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1685 1685 # from 1992-01-13 No. 28
1686 1686 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
1687 1687 # (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
1688 1688 # introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
1689 1689 # 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated
1690 1690 # according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
1691 1691 # on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
1692 1692 # 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
1693 1693 # located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
1694 1694 # border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk
1695 1695 # oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth
1696 1696 # time belt).
1697 1697 #
1698 1698 # This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
1699 1699 # Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from
1700 1700 # +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk)....
1701 1701 #
1702 1702 # 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1703 1703 # from 1992-03-27 No. 284
1704 1704 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
1705 1705 # cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts
1706 1706 # since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
1707 1707 # and the fifth time belts respectively.
1708 1708 #
1709 1709 # 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1710 1710 # from 1994-09-23 No. 384
1711 1711 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
1712 1712 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū
1713 1713 # oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
1714 1714 # the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
1715 1715 # result)....
1716 1716 #
1717 1717 # 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1718 1718 # from 1996-05-08 No. 575
1719 1719 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
1720 1720 # amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
1721 1721 # of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
1722 1722 #
1723 1723 # 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1724 1724 # from 1999-03-26 No. 305
1725 1725 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
1726 1726 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the
1727 1727 # last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
1728 1728 # time belt.
1729 1729 #
1730 1730 # This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05....
1731 1731 #
1732 1732 # 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1733 1733 # from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
1734 1734 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
1735 1735 # replaces the previous five documents.
1736 1736 #
1737 1737 # The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
1738 1738 # fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling
1739 1739 # and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
1740 1740 # probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast
1741 1741 # (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast
1742 1742 # from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
1743 1743 # fourth time belt (no change in practice).
1744 1744 #
1745 1745 # 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1746 1746 # from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
1747 1747 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
1748 1748 # modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently.
1749 1749 #
1750 1750 # 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1751 1751 # from 2004-07-20 No. 775
1752 1752 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
1753 1753 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into
1754 1754 # the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
1755 1755 # using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
1756 1756 # zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented
1757 1757 # during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
1758 1758 # amended before implementation happened.
1759 1759 #
1760 1760 # 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1761 1761 # from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
1762 1762 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
1763 1763 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
1764 1764 # (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
1765 1765 # 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan,
1766 1766 # Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks
1767 1767 # during the 2004 transition to "winter" time.
1768 1768 #
1769 1769 # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no
1770 1770 # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
1771 1771 # +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
1772 1772 # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....
1773 1773 #
1774 1774 # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1775 1775 # from 2005-03-15 No. 231
1776 1776 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
1777 1777 # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
1778 1778 # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
1779 1779 # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
1780 1780 # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
1781 1781 # time.
1782 1782 #
1783 1783 # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
1784 1784 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
1785 1785 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
1786 1786 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
1787 1787
1788 1788 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08):
1789 1789 # Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay
1790 1790 # oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone.
1791 1791 # (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations
1792 1792 # according to wikipedia.)
1793 1793 #
1794 1794 # [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/
1795 1795 # suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on
1796 1796 # 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand
1797 1797 # how that could happen....
1798 1798 #
1799 1799 # [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree
1800 1800 # (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html
1801 1801 # and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in
1802 1802 # the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
1803 1803
1804 1804 # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
1805 1805 # The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted.
1806 1806
1807 1807 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1808 1808 #
1809 1809 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1810 1810 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
1811 1811 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
1812 1812 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1813 1813 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
1814 1814 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1815 1815 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1816 1816 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1817 1817 6:00 - +06
1818 1818 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
1819 1819 # This currently includes Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS);
1820 1820 # see comments below.
1821 1821 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1822 1822 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1823 1823 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1824 1824 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1825 1825 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1826 1826 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1827 1827 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1828 1828 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1829 1829 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1830 1830 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1831 1831 6:00 - +06
1832 1832 # The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one
1833 1833 # hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29. The 1991/2 rules for
1834 1834 # Qostanay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
1835 1835 # reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now.
1836 1836 #Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
1837 1837 # 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1838 1838 # 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1839 1839 # 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1840 1840 # 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1841 1841 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1842 1842 # 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1843 1843 # 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1844 1844 # 6:00 - +06
1845 1845 #
1846 1846 # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
1847 1847 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1848 1848 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1849 1849 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1850 1850 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1851 1851 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1852 1852 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1853 1853 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1854 1854 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1855 1855 5:00 - +05
1856 1856 # Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
1857 1857 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1858 1858 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1859 1859 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1860 1860 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
1861 1861 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
1862 1862 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1863 1863 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1864 1864 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1865 1865 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
1866 1866 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1867 1867 5:00 - +05
1868 1868 # Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
1869 1869 # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
1870 1870 Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2
1871 1871 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
1872 1872 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
1873 1873 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1874 1874 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1875 1875 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1876 1876 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s
1877 1877 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1878 1878 5:00 - +05
1879 1879 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
1880 1880 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1881 1881 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1882 1882 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1883 1883 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
1884 1884 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
1885 1885 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
1886 1886 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
1887 1887 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1888 1888 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1889 1889 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
1890 1890 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1891 1891 5:00 - +05
1892 1892
1893 1893 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1894 1894 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1895 1895
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1896 1896 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1897 1897 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1898 1898 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
1899 1899 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1900 1900 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1901 1901 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1902 1902 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1903 1903 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1904 1904
1905 1905 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1906 -Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1906 +Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 -
1907 1907 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1908 -Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1908 +Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 -
1909 1909 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1910 1910 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1911 1911 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1912 1912 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
1913 1913 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1914 1914 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00
1915 1915 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12
1916 1916 6:00 - +06
1917 1917
1918 1918 ###############################################################################
1919 1919
1920 1920 # Korea (North and South)
1921 1921
1922 1922 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
1923 1923 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
1924 1924 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
1925 1925 # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
1926 1926 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
1927 1927
1928 1928 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
1929 1929 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
1930 1930 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
1931 1931 # https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
1932 1932 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
1933 1933 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
1934 1934 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
1935 1935 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
1936 1936 # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
1937 1937 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
1938 1938
1939 1939 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1940 1940 Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1941 1941 Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1942 1942 Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
1943 1943 Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1944 1944 Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1945 1945 Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1946 1946 Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
1947 1947 Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1948 1948 Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1949 1949 Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1950 1950 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1951 1951 Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S
1952 1952 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1953 1953 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
1954 1954
1955 1955 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
1956 1956 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
1957 1957 #
1958 1958 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
1959 1959 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
1960 1960 # (Announcement No. 338)
1961 1961 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
1962 1962 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
1963 1963 #
1964 1964 # (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
1965 1965 # edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
1966 1966 #
1967 1967 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1968 1968 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
1969 1969 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1970 1970 #
1971 1971 # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
1972 1972 # have no information otherwise.
1973 1973
1974 1974 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
1975 1975 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
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1976 1976 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
1977 1977 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
1978 1978 #
1979 1979 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
1980 1980 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
1981 1981 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
1982 1982 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
1983 1983 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
1984 1984 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
1985 1985
1986 +# From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29):
1987 +# North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang
1988 +# Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time).
1989 +#
1990 +# From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30):
1991 +# Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan.
1992 +# https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf
1993 +# ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree
1994 +# No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's
1995 +# Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun.
1996 +# From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29):
1997 +# It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column.
1998 +
1986 1999 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1987 2000 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1988 2001 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1989 2002 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1990 2003 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1991 2004 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1992 2005 9:00 ROK K%sT
1993 2006 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
1994 2007 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1995 2008 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
1996 2009 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
1997 - 8:30 - KST
2010 + 8:30 - KST 2018 May 5
2011 + 9:00 - KST
1998 2012
1999 2013 ###############################################################################
2000 2014
2001 2015 # Kuwait
2002 2016 # See Asia/Riyadh.
2003 2017
2004 2018 # Laos
2005 2019 # See Asia/Bangkok.
2006 2020
2007 2021
2008 2022 # Lebanon
2009 2023 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2010 2024 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
2011 2025 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
2012 2026 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
2013 2027 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
2014 2028 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2015 2029 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2016 2030 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
2017 2031 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
2018 2032 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2019 2033 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2020 2034 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
2021 2035 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2022 2036 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2023 2037 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
2024 2038 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2025 2039 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2026 2040 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
2027 2041 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2028 2042 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2029 2043 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
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2030 2044 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
2031 2045 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
2032 2046 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2033 2047 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
2034 2048 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2035 2049 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
2036 2050 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
2037 2051
2038 2052 # Malaysia
2039 2053 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2040 -Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
2054 +Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 -
2041 2055 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
2042 2056 #
2043 2057 # peninsular Malaysia
2044 2058 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2045 2059 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2046 2060 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2047 2061 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2048 2062 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2049 2063 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
2050 2064 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
2051 2065 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
2052 2066 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
2053 2067 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2054 2068 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
2055 2069 8:00 - +08
2056 2070 # Sabah & Sarawak
2057 2071 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
2058 2072 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
2059 2073 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
2060 2074 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2061 2075 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
2062 2076 7:30 - +0730 1933
2063 2077 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16
2064 2078 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2065 2079 8:00 - +08
2066 2080
2067 2081 # Maldives
2068 2082 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2069 2083 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé
2070 2084 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time
2071 2085 5:00 - +05
2072 2086
2073 2087 # Mongolia
2074 2088
2075 2089 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
2076 2090 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
2077 2091 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
2078 2092
2079 2093 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
2080 2094 # General Information Mongolia
2081 2095 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
2082 2096 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
2083 2097 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
2084 2098 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
2085 2099 # eight hours."
2086 2100
2087 2101 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
2088 2102 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
2089 2103 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
2090 2104 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
2091 2105 # of implementation may have been different....
2092 2106 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
2093 2107 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
2094 2108 # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
2095 2109
2096 2110 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
2097 2111 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
2098 2112 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
2099 2113 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
2100 2114 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
2101 2115 # is good enough for our purposes.
2102 2116
2103 2117 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
2104 2118 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
2105 2119 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
2106 2120 # there are three time zones.
2107 2121 #
2108 2122 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
2109 2123 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
2110 2124 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
2111 2125 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
2112 2126 #
2113 2127 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
2114 2128
2115 2129 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
2116 2130 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
2117 2131 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
2118 2132 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
2119 2133 #
2120 2134 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
2121 2135 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
2122 2136 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
2123 2137
2124 2138 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
2125 2139 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
2126 2140 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
2127 2141 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
2128 2142 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
2129 2143 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
2130 2144 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
2131 2145 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
2132 2146 # He also found
2133 2147 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
2134 2148 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
2135 2149 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
2136 2150 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
2137 2151 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
2138 2152 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
2139 2153 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
2140 2154 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
2141 2155
2142 2156 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
2143 2157 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
2144 2158 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
2145 2159 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
2146 2160
2147 2161 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
2148 2162 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
2149 2163 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
2150 2164 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
2151 2165 # database on this, e.g.:
2152 2166 #
2153 2167 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
2154 2168 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
2155 2169 #
2156 2170 # both say GMT+08:00.
2157 2171
2158 2172 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
2159 2173 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
2160 2174 # schedule here:
2161 2175 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
2162 2176 # (click the English flag for English)
2163 2177 #
2164 2178 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
2165 2179 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
2166 2180 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
2167 2181 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
2168 2182 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
2169 2183 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
2170 2184
2171 2185 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2172 2186 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
2173 2187 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
2174 2188 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
|
↓ open down ↓ |
124 lines elided |
↑ open up ↑ |
2175 2189 # this is almost surely wrong.
2176 2190
2177 2191 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
2178 2192 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
2179 2193 # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
2180 2194 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
2181 2195 # September daylight saving time ends. Source:
2182 2196 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
2183 2197
2184 2198 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2185 -Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2199 +Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 -
2186 2200 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2187 2201 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
2188 2202 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
2189 2203 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
2190 2204 #
2191 2205 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
2192 2206 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
2193 2207 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
2194 2208 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
2195 2209 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
2196 2210 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
2197 2211
2198 2212 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09):
2199 2213 # Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight
2200 2214 # saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192
2201 2215
2202 -Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
2216 +Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 -
2203 2217 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2204 2218 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
2205 -Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2219 +Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 -
2206 2220 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
2207 -Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2208 -Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
2221 +Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 -
2222 +Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 -
2209 2223 Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
2210 2224
2211 2225 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2212 2226 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
2213 2227 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
2214 2228 6:00 - +06 1978
2215 2229 7:00 Mongol +07/+08
2216 2230 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
2217 2231 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
2218 2232 7:00 - +07 1978
2219 2233 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
2220 2234 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
2221 2235 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
2222 2236 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
2223 2237 7:00 - +07 1978
2224 2238 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr
2225 2239 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31
2226 2240 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
2227 2241
2228 2242 # Nepal
2229 2243 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2230 2244 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
2231 2245 5:30 - +0530 1986
2232 2246 5:45 - +0545
2233 2247
2234 2248 # Oman
2235 2249 # See Asia/Dubai.
2236 2250
2237 2251 # Pakistan
2238 2252
2239 2253 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
2240 2254 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
2241 2255 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
2242 2256 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
2243 2257 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
2244 2258 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
2245 2259
2246 2260 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
2247 2261 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
2248 2262 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
2249 2263 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
2250 2264 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
2251 2265 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
2252 2266 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
2253 2267 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
2254 2268 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
2255 2269 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
2256 2270 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
2257 2271
2258 2272 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
2259 2273 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
2260 2274 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
2261 2275
2262 2276 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
2263 2277 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
2264 2278 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
2265 2279 #
2266 2280 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
2267 2281 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
2268 2282 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
2269 2283 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
2270 2284 #
2271 2285 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
2272 2286 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
2273 2287
2274 2288 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
2275 2289 #
2276 2290 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
2277 2291 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
2278 2292 #
2279 2293 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
2280 2294 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
2281 2295 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
2282 2296 #
2283 2297 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
2284 2298 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
2285 2299
2286 2300 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2287 2301 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
2288 2302
2289 2303 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2290 2304 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
2291 2305 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
2292 2306 # instead of August 31.
2293 2307 #
2294 2308 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
2295 2309 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
2296 2310
2297 2311 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
2298 2312 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
2299 2313 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
2300 2314 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
2301 2315 # official working."
2302 2316 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
2303 2317 #
2304 2318 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
2305 2319 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
2306 2320 #
2307 2321 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
2308 2322 # April 08, 2009
2309 2323 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
2310 2324 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
2311 2325 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
2312 2326 #
2313 2327 # ....
2314 2328 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
2315 2329 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
2316 2330 # conserve energy"
2317 2331
2318 2332 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
2319 2333 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
2320 2334 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
2321 2335 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
2322 2336 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
2323 2337 # this regard."
2324 2338 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
2325 2339
2326 2340 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
2327 2341 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
2328 2342 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
2329 2343 # October 1, 2009.
2330 2344 #
2331 2345 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
2332 2346 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
2333 2347 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
2334 2348 #
2335 2349 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
2336 2350 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
2337 2351 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
2338 2352 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
2339 2353 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
2340 2354 # Monday."
2341 2355 #
2342 2356 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
2343 2357 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
2344 2358 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
2345 2359 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
2346 2360 #
2347 2361 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
2348 2362 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
2349 2363 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
2350 2364
2351 2365 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
2352 2366 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
2353 2367 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
2354 2368
2355 2369 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
2356 2370 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2357 2371 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
2358 2372 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
2359 2373 # >
2360 2374 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
2361 2375 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
2362 2376 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
2363 2377 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
2364 2378 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
2365 2379 #
2366 2380 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
2367 2381 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
2368 2382 #
2369 2383 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2370 2384 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
2371 2385
2372 2386 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2373 2387 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
2374 2388 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2375 2389 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2376 2390 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2377 2391 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
2378 2392
2379 2393 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2380 2394 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
2381 2395 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
2382 2396 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
2383 2397 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30
2384 2398 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26
2385 2399 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
2386 2400
2387 2401 # Palestine
2388 2402
2389 2403 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2390 2404 #
2391 2405 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
2392 2406 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
2393 2407 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
2394 2408 #
2395 2409 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
2396 2410 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
2397 2411 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
2398 2412 # though.
2399 2413 #
2400 2414 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
2401 2415 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
2402 2416 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
2403 2417 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
2404 2418 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
2405 2419 # East Jerusalem.
2406 2420 #
2407 2421 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
2408 2422 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
2409 2423 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
2410 2424 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
2411 2425 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
2412 2426 #
2413 2427 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
2414 2428 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
2415 2429 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
2416 2430 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
2417 2431 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
2418 2432 # Jordanian one).
2419 2433 #
2420 2434 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
2421 2435 #
2422 2436 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
2423 2437 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
2424 2438 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
2425 2439 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
2426 2440 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
2427 2441 #
2428 2442 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
2429 2443 # have one).
2430 2444
2431 2445 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2432 2446 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
2433 2447 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
2434 2448 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2435 2449 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2436 2450 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2437 2451 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2438 2452 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2439 2453 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2440 2454 # to Palestine's rules.
2441 2455
2442 2456 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2443 2457 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2444 2458 #
2445 2459 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2446 2460 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2447 2461 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2448 2462 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2449 2463
2450 2464 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2451 2465 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
2452 2466 # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
2453 2467 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2454 2468 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2455 2469 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2456 2470 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2457 2471 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2458 2472
2459 2473 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2460 2474 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2461 2475
2462 2476 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2463 2477 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2464 2478 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2465 2479 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2466 2480 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
2467 2481
2468 2482 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2469 2483 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2470 2484 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2471 2485 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2472 2486 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2473 2487 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2474 2488 # the West Bank.
2475 2489
2476 2490 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2477 2491 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2478 2492 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2479 2493 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2480 2494 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2481 2495 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2482 2496 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2483 2497 # because of the Ramadan.
2484 2498
2485 2499 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2486 2500 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2487 2501 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2488 2502
2489 2503 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2490 2504 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2491 2505 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2492 2506 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2493 2507 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2494 2508 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2495 2509
2496 2510 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2497 2511 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2498 2512 #
2499 2513 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2500 2514 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2501 2515 #
2502 2516 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2503 2517 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2504 2518 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2505 2519
2506 2520 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2507 2521 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2508 2522 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2509 2523 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2510 2524 #
2511 2525 # (in Arabic)
2512 2526 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2513 2527 #
2514 2528 # (English translation)
2515 2529 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2516 2530
2517 2531 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2518 2532 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2519 2533 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2520 2534 #
2521 2535 # One news source:
2522 2536 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2523 2537 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2524 2538 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2525 2539 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2526 2540 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2527 2541 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2528 2542 #
2529 2543 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2530 2544 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2531 2545 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2532 2546
2533 2547 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2534 2548 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2535 2549 #
2536 2550 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2537 2551 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2538 2552 #
2539 2553 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2540 2554 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
2541 2555 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2542 2556 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2543 2557
2544 2558 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2545 2559 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2546 2560 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2547 2561 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2548 2562 #
2549 2563 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2550 2564 # (in Arabic)
2551 2565 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2552 2566
2553 2567 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2554 2568 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2555 2569 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2556 2570 # noon though:
2557 2571 #
2558 2572 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2559 2573 # (Ma'an News Agency)
2560 2574 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2561 2575 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2562 2576
2563 2577 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2564 2578 # According to several sources, including
2565 2579 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2566 2580 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2567 2581 # Gaza and the West Bank.
2568 2582 # Some more background info:
2569 2583 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2570 2584
2571 2585 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2572 2586 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2573 2587 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2574 2588 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2575 2589 # Ramadan.
2576 2590 #
2577 2591 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2578 2592 # Additional info:
2579 2593 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2580 2594
2581 2595 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2582 2596 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2583 2597 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2584 2598 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2585 2599 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2586 2600 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2587 2601 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2588 2602 # ...
2589 2603 # https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2590 2604 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2591 2605 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
2592 2606
2593 2607 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2594 2608 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2595 2609 # 00:00).
2596 2610 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2597 2611 #
2598 2612 # Many sources, including:
2599 2613 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2600 2614
2601 2615 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2602 2616 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
2603 2617 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
2604 2618 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
2605 2619 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
2606 2620 #
2607 2621 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
2608 2622 #
2609 2623 # Our brief summary:
2610 2624 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
2611 2625
2612 2626 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
2613 2627 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
2614 2628 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
2615 2629 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
2616 2630 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
2617 2631 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
2618 2632
2619 2633 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
2620 2634 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
2621 2635 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
2622 2636 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
2623 2637 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
2624 2638 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
2625 2639 # official source...:
2626 2640 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
2627 2641
2628 2642 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
2629 2643 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
2630 2644 # and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
2631 2645 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
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2632 2646 #
2633 2647 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
2634 2648 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
2635 2649 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
2636 2650
2637 2651 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
2638 2652 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
2639 2653 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
2640 2654 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
2641 2655 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
2642 -#
2643 -# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12):
2644 -# Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2645 2656
2646 2657 # From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):
2647 2658 # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
2648 2659 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
2649 2660 # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
2650 2661 #
2651 2662 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):
2652 2663 # Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2653 2664 # This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring
2654 2665 # predictions.
2655 2666 #
2656 2667 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):
2657 2668 # It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:
2658 2669 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
2659 2670 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
2660 2671
2672 +# From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16):
2673 +# Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 by advancing the
2674 +# clock by 60 minutes as per Palestinian cabinet decision published on
2675 +# the official website, though the decree did not specify the exact
2676 +# time of the time shift.
2677 +# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817
2678 +#
2679 +# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-16):
2680 +# For 2016 on, predict spring transitions on March's fourth Saturday at 01:00.
2681 +
2661 2682 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2662 2683 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2663 2684 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2664 2685 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2665 2686 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2666 2687 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2667 2688 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2668 2689
2669 2690 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2670 2691 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2671 2692 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2672 2693 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2673 2694 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2674 2695 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2675 2696 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2676 2697 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2677 2698 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2678 2699 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
2679 2700 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
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2680 2701 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2681 2702 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
2682 2703 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2683 2704 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
2684 2705 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2685 2706 Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2686 2707 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
2687 2708 Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2688 2709 Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2689 2710 Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
2690 -Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar lastSat 1:00 1:00 S
2711 +Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar Sat>=22 1:00 1:00 S
2691 2712 Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 -
2692 2713
2693 2714 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2694 2715 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2695 2716 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
2696 2717 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2697 2718 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2698 2719 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2699 2720 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
2700 2721 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
2701 2722 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
2702 2723 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2703 2724 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2704 2725 2:00 - EET 2012
2705 2726 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2706 2727
2707 2728 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2708 2729 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
2709 2730 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2710 2731 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2711 2732 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2712 2733 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2713 2734
2714 2735 # Paracel Is
2715 2736 # no information
2716 2737
2717 2738 # Philippines
2718 2739 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
2719 2740 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2720 2741 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
2721 2742 # History of the International Date Line
2722 2743 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
2723 2744 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2724 2745
2725 2746 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2726 2747 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2727 2748 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2728 2749 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2729 2750 # but no details]
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2730 2751
2731 2752 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
2732 2753 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
2733 2754 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
2734 2755 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
2735 2756 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
2736 2757 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
2737 2758 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
2738 2759
2739 2760 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2740 -Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2761 +Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 -
2741 2762 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2742 -Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2763 +Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 -
2743 2764 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2744 -Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2765 +Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
2745 2766 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2746 2767 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2747 2768 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2748 2769 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2749 2770 8:00 Phil +08/+09 1942 May
2750 2771 9:00 - +09 1944 Nov
2751 2772 8:00 Phil +08/+09
2752 2773
2753 2774 # Qatar
2754 2775 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2755 2776 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2756 2777 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
2757 2778 3:00 - +03
2758 2779 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
2759 2780
2760 2781 # Saudi Arabia
2761 2782 #
2762 2783 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2763 2784 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2764 2785 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2765 2786 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2766 2787 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2767 2788 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2768 2789 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2769 2790 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
2770 2791 #
2771 2792 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2772 2793 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2773 2794 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2774 2795 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2775 2796 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2776 2797 # earlier date.
2777 2798 #
2778 2799 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2779 2800 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
2780 2801 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2781 2802 #
2782 2803 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2783 2804 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
2784 2805 3:00 - +03
2785 2806 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
2786 2807 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
2787 2808
2788 2809 # Singapore
2789 2810 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2790 2811 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2791 2812 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2792 2813 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2793 2814 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2794 2815 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
2795 2816 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
2796 2817 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
2797 2818 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
2798 2819 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2799 2820 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
2800 2821 8:00 - +08
2801 2822
2802 2823 # Spratly Is
2803 2824 # no information
2804 2825
2805 2826 # Sri Lanka
2806 2827
2807 2828 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2808 2829 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
2809 2830 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
2810 2831 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
2811 2832 # Shanks and Pottenger.
2812 2833
2813 2834 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2814 2835 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2815 2836 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
2816 2837 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2817 2838 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2818 2839 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
2819 2840 #
2820 2841 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2821 2842 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
2822 2843 # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26):
2823 2844 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2824 2845 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2825 2846
2826 2847 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2827 2848 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2828 2849 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2829 2850 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2830 2851
2831 2852 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2832 2853 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
2833 2854 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2834 2855 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2835 2856 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2836 2857 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2837 2858 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2838 2859 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2839 2860
2840 2861 # From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
2841 2862 # According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
2842 2863 # Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
2843 2864 # standard time is SLST.
2844 2865 #
2845 2866 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
2846 2867 # "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
2847 2868 # zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of
2848 2869 # it in the International Business Times of India in February and
2849 2870 # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
2850 2871 # since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
2851 2872 # other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
2852 2873 # even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
2853 2874 # switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
2854 2875
2855 2876 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2856 2877 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2857 2878 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2858 2879 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5
2859 2880 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep
2860 2881 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2861 2882 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00
2862 2883 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2863 2884 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2864 2885 5:30 - +0530
2865 2886
2866 2887 # Syria
2867 2888 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2868 2889 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2869 2890 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2870 2891 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2871 2892 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2872 2893 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2873 2894 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2874 2895 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2875 2896 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2876 2897 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2877 2898 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2878 2899 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2879 2900 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2880 2901 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2881 2902 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2882 2903 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2883 2904 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2884 2905 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2885 2906 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2886 2907 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2887 2908 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2888 2909 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2889 2910 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2890 2911 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2891 2912 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2892 2913 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2893 2914 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2894 2915 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2895 2916 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2896 2917 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2897 2918 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2898 2919 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2899 2920 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2900 2921 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2901 2922 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2902 2923 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2903 2924 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2904 2925 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2905 2926 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2906 2927 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2907 2928 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2908 2929 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2909 2930 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2910 2931 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2911 2932 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2912 2933 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2913 2934 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2914 2935 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
2915 2936 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2916 2937 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
2917 2938 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
2918 2939 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2919 2940 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2920 2941 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2921 2942 #
2922 2943 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2923 2944 # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
2924 2945 #
2925 2946 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2926 2947 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2927 2948 #
2928 2949 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2929 2950 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2930 2951 #
2931 2952 # which using Google's translate tools says:
2932 2953 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2933 2954 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2934 2955 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2935 2956 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2936 2957
2937 2958 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2938 2959 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2939 2960 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
2940 2961 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2941 2962 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2942 2963 # Variation
2943 2964 # Syrian Arab
2944 2965 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2945 2966 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2946 2967 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2947 2968
2948 2969 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2949 2970 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2950 2971 # Agency (SANA)...
2951 2972 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2952 2973 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2953 2974 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2954 2975 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2955 2976 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2956 2977 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2957 2978
2958 2979 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2959 2980 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2960 2981 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2961 2982 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2962 2983 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2963 2984
2964 2985 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2965 2986 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2966 2987 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2967 2988 #
2968 2989 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2969 2990 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2970 2991 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2971 2992 #
2972 2993 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2973 2994
2974 2995 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2975 2996 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2976 2997 # two examples:
2977 2998 #
2978 2999 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2979 3000 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2980 3001 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2981 3002 # (Arabic, gov-site)
2982 3003 #
2983 3004 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2984 3005 #
2985 3006 # Our summary
2986 3007 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2987 3008
2988 3009 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2989 3010 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2990 3011 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2991 3012 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2992 3013 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2993 3014
2994 3015 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2995 3016 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2996 3017 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2997 3018 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2998 3019
2999 3020 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
3000 3021 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
3001 3022 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
3002 3023 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
3003 3024 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
3004 3025
3005 3026 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
3006 3027 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
3007 3028 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
3008 3029 #
3009 3030 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
3010 3031 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
3011 3032 #
3012 3033 # Our brief summary:
3013 3034 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
3014 3035
3015 3036 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
3016 3037 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
3017 3038
3018 3039 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3019 3040 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
3020 3041 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
3021 3042 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3022 3043 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
3023 3044 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
3024 3045
3025 3046 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3026 3047 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
3027 3048 2:00 Syria EE%sT
3028 3049
3029 3050 # Tajikistan
3030 3051 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
3031 3052 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3032 3053 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
3033 3054 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
3034 3055 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
3035 3056 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
3036 3057 5:00 - +05
3037 3058
3038 3059 # Thailand
3039 3060 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3040 3061 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
3041 3062 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
3042 3063 7:00 - +07
3043 3064 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
3044 3065 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
3045 3066
3046 3067 # Turkmenistan
3047 3068 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
3048 3069 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3049 3070 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
3050 3071 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
3051 3072 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3052 3073 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00
3053 3074 5:00 - +05
3054 3075
3055 3076 # United Arab Emirates
3056 3077 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3057 3078 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
3058 3079 4:00 - +04
3059 3080 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
3060 3081
3061 3082 # Uzbekistan
3062 3083 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
3063 3084 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3064 3085 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
3065 3086 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
3066 3087 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
3067 3088 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
3068 3089 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
3069 3090 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
3070 3091 5:00 - +05
3071 3092 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
3072 3093 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
3073 3094 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
3074 3095 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3075 3096 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
3076 3097 5:00 - +05
3077 3098
3078 3099 # Vietnam
3079 3100
3080 3101 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
3081 3102 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
3082 3103 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
3083 3104 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
3084 3105 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
3085 3106
3086 3107 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
3087 3108 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
3088 3109 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
3089 3110
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3090 3111 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
3091 3112 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
3092 3113 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
3093 3114 # is quoted verbatim in:
3094 3115 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
3095 3116 # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
3096 3117 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
3097 3118 # and is the basis for the information below.
3098 3119 #
3099 3120 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
3100 -# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris.
3121 +# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris.
3101 3122 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
3102 -# the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
3123 +# the Paris Meridian (2° 20' 14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
3103 3124 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
3104 3125 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
3105 3126 # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
3106 3127 #
3107 3128 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
3108 3129 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
3109 3130 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
3110 3131 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
3111 3132 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
3112 3133 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
3113 3134 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
3114 3135 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
3115 3136 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
3116 3137 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
3117 3138 #
3118 3139 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
3119 3140 #
3120 3141 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
3121 3142 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
3122 3143 #
3123 3144 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
3124 3145 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
3125 3146 #
3126 3147 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
3127 3148 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
3128 3149
3129 3150 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3130 3151 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
3131 3152 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT
3132 3153 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
3133 3154 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
3134 3155 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
3135 3156 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
3136 3157 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1
3137 3158 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00
3138 3159 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13
3139 3160 7:00 - +07
3140 3161
3141 3162 # Yemen
3142 3163 # See Asia/Riyadh.
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