1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20):
10 #
11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 #
16 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
17 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 #
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 #
27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
35 # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
36 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
37 # for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
38 # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
39 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
40 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
41 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
42 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
43 #
44 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
45 # +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
46 # +02 CAT Central Africa Time
47 # +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time
48 # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
49 # +01 WAT West Africa Time
50 # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
51 # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
52 # cannot now come up with solid citations.
53 #
54 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
55 # +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time
56 # +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
57 # +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
58 # +03 EAT East Africa Time
59 # 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired
60 # with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
61
62 # Algeria
63 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
64 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
65 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
66 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
67 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
68 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
69 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
70 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
71 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
72 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
73 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
74 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
75 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
98 1:00 - CET
99
100 # Angola
101 # Benin
102 # See Africa/Lagos.
103
104 # Botswana
105 # See Africa/Maputo.
106
107 # Burkina Faso
108 # See Africa/Abidjan.
109
110 # Burundi
111 # See Africa/Maputo.
112
113 # Cameroon
114 # See Africa/Lagos.
115
116 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
117 #
118 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
119 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
120 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
121 # merely made it official?
122 #
123 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
124 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
125 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep
126 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15
127 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00
128 -1:00 - -01
129
130 # Central African Republic
131 # See Africa/Lagos.
132
133 # Chad
134 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
135 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
136 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
137 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
138 1:00 - WAT
139
140 # Comoros
141 # See Africa/Nairobi.
142
143 # Democratic Republic of the Congo
144 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
353 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
354
355 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
356 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
357 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
358
359 # Equatorial Guinea
360 # See Africa/Lagos.
361
362 # Eritrea
363 # Ethiopia
364 # See Africa/Nairobi.
365
366 # Gabon
367 # See Africa/Lagos.
368
369 # Gambia
370 # See Africa/Abidjan.
371
372 # Ghana
373 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
374 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
375 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
376 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
377 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
378 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
379 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
380 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
381 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
382 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
383 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
384 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020
385
386 # Guinea
387 # See Africa/Abidjan.
388
389 # Guinea-Bissau
390 #
391 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
392 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
393 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
394 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
395 #
396 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
397 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
398 -1:00 - -01 1975
399 0:00 - GMT
400
401 # Kenya
402 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
403 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
404 3:00 - EAT 1930
405 2:30 - +0230 1940
406 2:45 - +0245 1960
407 3:00 - EAT
408 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
409 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
410 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
411 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
412 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
413 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
414 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
415 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
416 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
417
573 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
574 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
575
576 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
577 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
578 # DST the coming summer...
579 #
580 # Some sources, in French:
581 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
582 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
583 #
584 # Our wrap-up:
585 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
586
587 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
588 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
589 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
590 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
591
592 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
593 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
594 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
595 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
596 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
597 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
598 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
599 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05
600 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
601 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
602
603 # Mayotte
604 # See Africa/Nairobi.
605
606 # Morocco
607 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
608
609 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
610 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
611 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
612 #
613 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
614 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
615 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
931 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
932 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
933 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
934 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
935 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
936 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
937 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
938
939
940 # Namibia
941
942 # From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):
943 # The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at
944 # www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf
945 # and includes this nugget:
946 # Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the
947 # first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall
948 # commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on
949 # Sunday 4 September 1994.
950
951 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
952 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
953 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
954 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
955 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
956 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
957 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
958 # of the country.
959 #
960 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
961 # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
962 # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
963 # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
964 # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
965 # https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
966
967 # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):
968 # Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:
969 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
970 # This video is from the government decision:
971 # https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665
972 # We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at
973 # the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:
974 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html
975
976 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
977 Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
978 Rule Namibia 1994 2016 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
979 Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
980 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
981 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
982 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar
983 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
984 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
985 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
986 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00
987 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 2017 Sep 3 2:00
988 2:00 - CAT
989
990 # Niger
991 # See Africa/Lagos.
992
993 # Nigeria
994 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
995 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
996 1:00 - WAT
997 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
998 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
999 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
1000 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
1001 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
1002 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
1003 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
1004 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
1005 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
1006
1007 # Réunion
1008 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1020 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1021 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1022 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1023 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1024 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1025
1026 # Rwanda
1027 # See Africa/Maputo.
1028
1029 # St Helena
1030 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1031 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1032 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1033 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1034 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1035 # on GMT, says the CIA
1036 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1037
1038 # São Tomé and Príncipe
1039
1040 # From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08):
1041 # Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as
1042 # they entered the year 2018.
1043 # From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08):
1044 # the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017]
1045 # http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017
1046
1047 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
1048 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
1049 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00
1050 1:00 - WAT
1051
1052 # Senegal
1053 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1054
1055 # Seychelles
1056 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1057 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1058 4:00 - +04
1059 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1060 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1061 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1062 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1063 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1064 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1065
1066 # Sierra Leone
1067 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1068
|
1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09):
10 #
11 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15 #
16 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
17 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22 #
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
26 #
27 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
35 # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
36 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
37 # for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
38 # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
39 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
40 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
41 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
42 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
43 #
44 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
45 # +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
46 # +02 CAT Central Africa Time
47 # +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time
48 # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
49 # +01 WAT West Africa Time
50 # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
51 # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
52 # cannot now come up with solid citations.
53 #
54 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
55 # +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
56 # +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
57 # +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
58 # +03 EAT East Africa Time
59 # 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired
60 # with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
61
62 # Algeria
63 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
64 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
65 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
66 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
67 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
68 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
69 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
70 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
71 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
72 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
73 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
74 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
75 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
98 1:00 - CET
99
100 # Angola
101 # Benin
102 # See Africa/Lagos.
103
104 # Botswana
105 # See Africa/Maputo.
106
107 # Burkina Faso
108 # See Africa/Abidjan.
109
110 # Burundi
111 # See Africa/Maputo.
112
113 # Cameroon
114 # See Africa/Lagos.
115
116 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
117 #
118 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
119 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
120 # For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
121 # (see Europe/Lisbon).
122 #
123 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
124 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia
125 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep
126 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15
127 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00
128 -1:00 - -01
129
130 # Central African Republic
131 # See Africa/Lagos.
132
133 # Chad
134 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
135 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
136 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
137 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
138 1:00 - WAT
139
140 # Comoros
141 # See Africa/Nairobi.
142
143 # Democratic Republic of the Congo
144 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
353 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
354
355 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
356 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
357 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
358
359 # Equatorial Guinea
360 # See Africa/Lagos.
361
362 # Eritrea
363 # Ethiopia
364 # See Africa/Nairobi.
365
366 # Gabon
367 # See Africa/Lagos.
368
369 # Gambia
370 # See Africa/Abidjan.
371
372 # Ghana
373
374 # From Paul Eggert (2018-01-30):
375 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
376 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942 with 20 minutes of DST,
377 # with transitions on 09-01 and 12-31 at 00:00.
378 # Page 33 of Parish GCB, Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 1066. Gold
379 # Coast. Report for 1919. (March 1921), OCLC 784024077
380 # http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/africana/books2011-05/5530214/5530214_1919/5530214_1919_opt.pdf
381 # lists the Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919, No. 18,
382 # "to advance the time observed locally by the space of twenty minutes
383 # during the last four months of each year; the object in view being
384 # to extend during those months the period of daylight-time available
385 # for evening recreation after office hours."
386 # Vanessa Ogle, The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950 (2015), p 33,
387 # writes "In 1919, the Gold Coast (Ghana as of 1957) made Greenwich
388 # time its legal time and simultaneously legalized a summer time of
389 # UTC - 00:20 minutes from March to October."; a footnote lists
390 # the ordinance as being dated 1919-11-24.
391 # The Crown Colonist, Volume 12 (1942), p 176, says "the Government
392 # intend advancing Gold Coast time half an hour ahead of G.M.T.
393 # The actual date of the alteration has not yet been announced."
394 # These sources are incomplete and contradictory. Possibly what is
395 # now Ghana observed different DST regimes in different years. For
396 # lack of better info, use Shanks except treat the minus sign as a
397 # typo, and assume DST started in 1920 not 1936.
398 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
399 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 -
400 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
401 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
402 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
403 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020
404
405 # Guinea
406 # See Africa/Abidjan.
407
408 # Guinea-Bissau
409 #
410 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
411 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
412 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
413 # (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect.
414 #
415 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
416 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u
417 -1:00 - -01 1975
418 0:00 - GMT
419
420 # Kenya
421 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
422 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
423 3:00 - EAT 1930
424 2:30 - +0230 1940
425 2:45 - +0245 1960
426 3:00 - EAT
427 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
428 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
429 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
430 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
431 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
432 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
433 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
434 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
435 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
436
592 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
593 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
594
595 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
596 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
597 # DST the coming summer...
598 #
599 # Some sources, in French:
600 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
601 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
602 #
603 # Our wrap-up:
604 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
605
606 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
607 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
608 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
609 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
610
611 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
612 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 -
613 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
614 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
615 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
616 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
617 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
618 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05
619 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
620 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
621
622 # Mayotte
623 # See Africa/Nairobi.
624
625 # Morocco
626 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
627
628 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
629 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
630 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
631 #
632 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
633 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
634 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
950 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
951 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
952 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
953 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
954 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
955 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
956 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
957
958
959 # Namibia
960
961 # From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):
962 # The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at
963 # www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf
964 # and includes this nugget:
965 # Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the
966 # first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall
967 # commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on
968 # Sunday 4 September 1994.
969
970 # From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06):
971 # ... both summer and winter time are called "standard"
972 # (which differs from the use in Ireland) ...
973
974 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
975 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
976 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
977 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
978 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
979 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
980 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
981 # of the country.
982 #
983 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
984 # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
985 # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
986 # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
987 # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
988 # https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
989
990 # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):
991 # Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:
992 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
993 # This video is from the government decision:
994 # https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665
995 # We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at
996 # the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:
997 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html
998
999 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09):
1000 # Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally.
1001 # However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.:
1002 # http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706
1003 # https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia
1004 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
1005 # Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible
1006 # with Namibia's neighbors.
1007
1008 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1009 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
1010 Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT
1011 Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT
1012 Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT
1013 # Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST.
1014 #Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT
1015 #Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT
1016 #Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT
1017 # End of rearguard section.
1018
1019 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1020 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1021 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar
1022 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
1023 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
1024 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
1025 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
1026 2:00 Namibia %s
1027 # Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST.
1028 # 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00
1029 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07):
1030 # The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See:
1031 # http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf
1032 # 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24
1033 # 2:00 - CAT
1034 # End of rearguard section.
1035
1036 # Niger
1037 # See Africa/Lagos.
1038
1039 # Nigeria
1040 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1041 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
1042 1:00 - WAT
1043 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
1044 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
1045 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
1046 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
1047 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
1048 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
1049 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
1050 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
1051 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
1052
1053 # Réunion
1054 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1066 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1067 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1068 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1069 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1070 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1071
1072 # Rwanda
1073 # See Africa/Maputo.
1074
1075 # St Helena
1076 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1077 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1078 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1079 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1080 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1081 # on GMT, says the CIA
1082 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1083
1084 # São Tomé and Príncipe
1085
1086 # See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition.
1087
1088 # From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08):
1089 # Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as
1090 # they entered the year 2018.
1091 # From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08):
1092 # the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017]
1093 # http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017
1094
1095 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
1096 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT
1097 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00
1098 1:00 - WAT
1099
1100 # Senegal
1101 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1102
1103 # Seychelles
1104 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1105 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1106 4:00 - +04
1107 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1108 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1109 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1110 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1111 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1112 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1113
1114 # Sierra Leone
1115 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1116
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